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{{Infobox Military Unit {{Infobox Military Unit
|unit_name=143rd Infantry Regiment |unit_name=143rd Infantry Regiment
|image=] |image=]
|caption=143rd Infantry Regiment coat of arms |caption=143rd Infantry Regiment coat of arms
|dates=Constituted October 15, 1917<br />Restructured March 16, 1959<br />Reorganized March 1, 1963<br />Inactivated August 12, 2001<br />Reactivated September 9, 2008-Present. |dates=Constituted October 15, 1917<br />Restructured March 16, 1959<br />Reorganized March 1, 1963<br />Inactivated August 12, 2001<br />Reactivated September 9, 2008-Present.
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==Service== ==Service==
===Mexican Border Service=== ===Mexican Border Service===
In February 1913, ] was in a state of turmoil between two rival factions for power and this prevented commanders in Mexican border towns from paying their soldiers. Concern over this caused County Judge and Sheriff of ] to appeal to the ] for assistance. In response, ] sent Texas militia, consisting of two companies of the Third Texas Infantry from Corpus Christi and Houston and two companies of cavalry. They remained until June 1913.<ref name=Pierce78>{{cite book|last=Pierce|first=Frank Cushman|title=A Brief History of the Lower Rio Grande Valley|year=1917|publisher=George Banta Publishing Company,|location=Menasha, Wisconsin|pages=78-79}}</ref> In February 1913, ] was in a state of turmoil between two rival factions for power and this prevented commanders in Mexican border towns from paying their soldiers. Concern over this caused County Judge and Sheriff of ] to appeal to the ] for assistance. In response, ] sent Texas militia, consisting of two companies of the Third Texas Infantry from Corpus Christi and Houston and two companies of cavalry. They remained until June 1913.<ref name=Pierce78>{{cite book|last=Pierce|first=Frank Cushman|title=A Brief History of the Lower Rio Grande Valley|year=1917|publisher=George Banta Publishing Company,|location=Menasha, Wisconsin|pages=78-79}}</ref>


==Legion of the United States==


In 1792, Congress created the ], which was a combined Arms Force of Infantry, Cavalry, and Artillery under the Command of Major General ]. MG Wayne had become a hero of the Revolutionary War when he led a small force against a larger British Force to regain control of ], a crucial point on the ] just south of ]. This Legion in which the Second Infantry became the "Infantry of the Second Sub-Legion," crushed the Miami Nation during 1792 to 1795, and finally defeated the Indians in a decisive manner at ] in the Old Northwest (]) on August 20, 1794.

==War of 1812==

In the ] the ] as well as the 7th and 44th Infantry Regiments, fought in the southern theater to include the ] with General ].

==First Indian War Period==
The 2nd Infantry was Consolidated May-October 1815 with the 3rd and 7th Infantry (both constituted 12 April 1808), and 44th Infantry (constituted 29 January 1813) to form the 1st Infantry Regiment. In the ensuing years the Regiment was primarily concerned with Indian conflicts and the 1st was involved in the ] of 1832 and the ] from 1839 to 1842. During this time the Regiment was commanded by one of its most famous commanders - Colonel ], who would later become the 12th ].

==War With Mexico==

When War broke out with Mexico in 1846 the 1st Infantry Regiment was sent across the border with General ]'s Army and participated in the storming of ] where the Regiment fought house to house in savage hand to hand combat. From Monterrey the Regiment was transferred to General ]'s command and participated in the first modern amphibious landing in American history at ] in 1847.

==Second Indian War Period==

Following the ], the Regiment campaigned in the ] area against the ] until the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861.

==Civil War==

After escaping from rebel forces in Texas the Regiment returned to the Mid-west and fought in the ] area of operations. The Regiment fought in one of the first battles of the Civil War at ], in August 1861. The 1st Infantry then campaigned with General Grant against ] in 1863. The end of the War found the Regiment ] ].

==Third Indian War Period==

After the Civil War the Regiment was sent West to fight the Indians once again. The 1st Infantry was Consolidated in April 1869 with the 43d Infantry Regiment, Veteran Reserve Corps (constituted September 21, 1865) and consolidated unit designated as the 1st Infantry Regiment. 1st Infantry Regiment campaigned against the ] in the 1870s and 1890s and against the ], led by ], from 1882 to 1886.

One member of the regiment was awarded the ] for service during this period:
* 1st Lt. ], 11 January 1886, Sierra Madre Mountains, Mexico

==California Labor Disputes==

After the end of the Indian wars the Regiment was occupied with quelling ] in ].

==Spanish-American War==

War was declared with ] in 1898 following the sinking of the ]. The First was quickly sent to ] where it embarked on ships and was sent to ]. While in Cuba the Regiment took part in the storming of the ] and the capture of ].

==Philippine-American War==

In 1900, following occupation duty in Cuba, the Regiment was preparing for shipment to ] to participate in the ]. Instead, the Regiment was detoured to deal with the rebellion on the ] which had also been captured by the United States in the Spanish-American War. The Regiment would fight in this guerrilla war in the Philippines from 1900-1902 and again from 1906-1908.

Subsequently the Regiment was redeployed to garrison duties in ], ].

==World War I==

1st Infantry Regiment was Assigned on September 11, 1918 to the ] at ]. 13th ID never left Fort Lewis, and demobilized there on March 8, 1919. 1st IR was Relieved on March 8, 1919 from assignment to the 13th Division. and resumed Separate Regiment status. The regiment was again Assigned July 27, 1921, this time to the ], which was headquartered at ], and assigned to the ].

==World War II==

The regiment was stationed at ], ], where it was relieved October 16, 1939 from assignment to the 2nd Division and assigned to the ]. The 6th Division arrived at Fort Jackson on 1939-11-09, and the 1st IR traveled with the division from that point forward. The 1st IR moved to ], ] on 1940-04-09 to prepare for a series of maneuvers. The 1st IR participated in the ] – ] Maneuver on 1940-05-09. They then moved to ], ] on 1940-06-03, and then to ], ] on 1941-04-02, followed by ], ] on 1941-05-20. They then moved to ] to participate in maneuvers there. This was followed by a training cycle at the Desert Training Center, while billeted at the ] billeting area from 1942-12-10. The regiment then staged at ], ] on 1943-03-23.

The Regiment departed from the ] Port of Embarkation on 1943-09-19, and arrived in ] on 1943-09-26.

The 1st IR departed Hawaii on 1944-01-26, and arrived at ], ] on 1944-02-07 to participate in the ].

1st IR departed Milne Bay on 1944-06-01, and arrived at ] on 1944-06-14.

1st IR Assaulted ] on 1944-07-30, and left New Guinea on 1944-12-26 with the end of the New Guinea Campaign taking place on 1944-12-31.

The 1st IR won a ] for its action at ].

1st IR Assaulted ] on the Philippine Island of ] on 1945-01-09 to participate in the ].

1st IR moved to Sixth Army Reserve status from 1945-02-10 to 1945-02-23, when they returned to the ].

1st IR Attached to ] from 1945-04-28 to 1945-05-01, and then was attached to the ] from 1945-06-10 to 1945-06-25, when they returned to 6th Infantry Division Control.

The Luzon Campaign concluded on 1945-07-04.

1st IR was located at ], ] on 1945-08-14. They then moved to ] on 1945-10-24, which they Occupied through 1949.

==Korean War and Reactivation==

On January 10, 1949 1st IR was inactivated in Korea, and then was reactivated on October 4, 1950 at ], ] as a training regiment for units being sent to the fight in Korea. On April 3, 1956, the Regiment was Relieved from Assignment to the 6th Infantry Division, and then was Assigned on May 15, 1956 to the ] at ]. On May 15, 1958 the Regiment was reorganized under the Combat Arms Regimental System as HHC, 1st Battle Group, 1st Infantry Regiment.

In 1960, the 1st Battle Group, 1st Infantry was reorganized under a concept that provided sufficient tactics instructors in the permanent party for continuity, but called for outside augmentation for the summer training program. This left the Battle Group with a Headquarters, Headquarters and Training Company, Service Company, Airborne Detachment, the ], the USMA Band, Detachment 1 and 2 United States Army Hospital, and saw the attachment of the ] (Construction) and the ]. The old Military Police Detachment personnel formed the nucleus of the newly attached 57th Military Police Company.
On May 16. 1961, the mission of providing tactical instruction for the Corps of Cadets along with the personnel involved, was transferred to a newly created Office of Military Instruction in the Department of Tactics. All enlisted personnel remained assigned to the Battle Group. On February 1, 1962, Service Company was eliminated and its personnel absorbed into Headquarters Company.

On January 1, 1965, the 1st Battle Group, 1st Infantry was redesigned as the 1st Battalion, 1st Infantry." With the exception of transferring tactical instruction to the Office of Military Instruction (now DMI) in 1961. The 2nd Battalion was then assigned to ], Georgia.

==Vietnam War==

In 1966, 2nd Battalion was deployed to Vietnam with the ]. The following year, 3rd Battalion was activated at ], ] as part of the ]. After the 11th Brigade arrived in Vietnam, both became components of the ]. The two battalions earned fourteen campaign streamers for the regiment.

The 11th Brigade returned home in 1971, at which time 3rd Battalion was deactivated. The 196th Brigade was the last combat brigade to leave Vietnam in June 1972.

Following its tour of duty in Vietnam the 2nd Battalion was sent to ], ], where it became part of the ]. In January 1991 the battalion became part of the ] at ], Louisiana, where it remained until inactivation in 1994.

Two 1st Infantry soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor for service in Vietnam:
* ] ], Company A, 2nd Battalion, 19 January 1969, Quang Tin Province (posthumous)
* ] ], HQ & HQ Company, 3rd Battalion, 13 May 1970 (posthumous)

==Reactivation==

On 16 December 16, 1995 the 2nd Battalion was reactivated at ] as part of the 6th Infantry Division (Light), which was redesignated as the ] (Separate) in April 1998.

==Iraq War==

In August 2005 2nd battalion was deployed, along with the ], to ] Iraq in support of ]. The battalion conducted counter insurgency operations aimed at securing the city of Mosul from an insurgency headed by the terrorist organization Al Qaida in Iraq. After 12 months in Mosul 2nd battalion was preparing to return to home station at ] Alaska when their deployment was unexpectedly extended by Secretary of Defense ]. The 2nd battalion along with the entire 172nd Stryker Brigade were subsequently sent to ] Iraq to quell rising sectarian violence. The 2nd battalion returned home in December 2006 after 16 months in Iraq.


==Notable Awards / Commendations== ==Notable Awards / Commendations==
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==References== ==References==
{{reflist|2}}
:{{ACMH}} :{{ACMH}}
{{cite web | title = Medal of Honor Citations | publisher = United States Army Center of Military History | url = http://www.history.army.mil/moh.html | accessdate = 2008-10-29}}

{{cite web | title = Private Stephen Sanford receives DSC | publisher = United States Army | url = http://www.army.mil/-news/2007/02/26/1966-pvt-stephen-c-sanford-receives-distinguished-service-cross/ | accessdate = 2009-09-10|author=Linda D. Kozaryn <!-- BOT GENERATED AUTHOR -->|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5jjpJiHCS|archivedate=2009-09-12|deadurl=no}}

]
]
]
]

Revision as of 14:00, 23 August 2013

143rd Infantry Regiment
143d Infantry Unit Crest143rd Infantry Regiment coat of arms
ActiveConstituted October 15, 1917
Restructured March 16, 1959
Reorganized March 1, 1963
Inactivated August 12, 2001
Reactivated September 9, 2008-Present.
CountryUSA
AllegianceTexas
BranchArmy National Guard
TypeInfantry
Role Airborne Infantry
Garrison/HQ1st Battalion - Texas
Nickname(s)Third Texas
Motto(s)Arms Secure Peace
EngagementsSpanish-American War
Mexican Border Service
World War I
World War II
Iraq War
Military unit

The 143rd Infantry Regiment is a Texas Army National Guard unit assigned to the 36th Infantry Division. Currently, only one battalion of the regiment is active.

  • 1st Battalion (Airborne) - 143rd Infantry.

Heraldic Information

Coat of Arms

Blazon

  • Shield: Azure, a bend wavy argent between an oak tree eradicated and a key fesswise or.
  • Crest: On a wreath of the colors argent and azure a mullet argent encircled by a garland of live oak and olive proper.
  • Motto: Arms Secure Peace

Symbolism

  1. The shield is blue for infantry.
  2. The bend wavy represents the regiment's service on the Mexican boarder, along the Rio Grande.
  3. It also represents the Aisne River in France, where the unit served in World War I.
  4. The oak tree symbolizes the Meuse-Argonne operation, also in World War I.
  5. The gold key represents service in the Spanish-American War.

Background

  • The coat of arms was approved on June 30, 1926.

Lineage and Honors

Lineage

The 143rd Infantry regiment was formed on October 15, 1917 from the units of the Third Texas Infantry and the Fifth Texas Infantry at Camp Bowie, Texas.

The lineage of subordinate units is as follows:

  • Company A (Rusk) - Originally formed as Company A, Seventh Cavalry (Confederate Army); Rusk Militia 1883-1895; Company F, Third Texas Infantry 1903-1914; World War II. "ALSACE" Distinguished Unit Streamer.
  • Company B (Mexia) - Originally formed as Company B, Third Infantry, Texas Volunteer Guard, 1879; Company C, Second Texas, United States Volunteers (Spanish-American War); Mexican Border Service, 1916-1917; World War II. "ALSACE" Streamer.
  • Company C (Beaumont) - Organized in 1926; World War II. "ALSACE" Streamer. Stationed in Palestine, Texas 1947.
  • Company D - Independent Blues Militia, 1859; Company K, First Texas Cavalry (Confederate Army); Company A, First Texas, United States Volunteers (Spanish-American War); World War II. "ALSACE" Streamer.
  • Company E (Caldwell) - Organized in 1939; assault unit at Salerno, Rapido River. "COLMAR POCKET" Streamer. Reorganized in Baytown, 1947.
  • Company F (Huntsville) - Formed from volunteers in Hood's Brigade (Confederate Army) and the Tom Hamilton Guards of the 1870s. Company F, First Texas, United States Volunteers (Spanish-American War). World War II. "COLMAR POCKET" Distinguished Unit Streamer.
  • Company G (Houston) - Formed from the Houston Light Guards. World War II. "COLMAR POCKET" Streamer. Reorganized into Company G, 2-143d (LRS) in 1980.
  • Company I - Formed from the Tom Campbell Rifles, 1893.
  • Company K (Waco) - Formed as the Waco Greys, 1876. Company K, Second Texas Infantry, 1898.
  • Company L - Originally Company M, Second Texas Infantry, 1900.

Service

Mexican Border Service

In February 1913, Mexico was in a state of turmoil between two rival factions for power and this prevented commanders in Mexican border towns from paying their soldiers. Concern over this caused County Judge and Sheriff of Cameron County, Texas to appeal to the governor for assistance. In response, Governor Oscar Colquitt sent Texas militia, consisting of two companies of the Third Texas Infantry from Corpus Christi and Houston and two companies of cavalry. They remained until June 1913.


Notable Awards / Commendations

Private Stephen Sanford, Company C, 2nd Battalion, was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for actions in Mosul Iraq during the unit's deployment.

Sergeant First Class Peter Lara, Company C, 2nd Battalion, was awarded the Silver Star for actions in Mosul Iraq during the unit's deployment.

Lineage

  • Constituted 1791-03-03 in the Regular Army as the 2d Infantry
  • Organized in March 1791 in New England
  • Redesignated in 1792 as the Infantry of the 2d Sub-Legion
  • Redesignated 1796-10-31 as the 2d Infantry
  • Consolidated May-October 1815 with the 3d and 7th Infantry (both constituted 1808-04-12)
    and the 44th Infantry (constituted 1813-01-29) to form the 1st Infantry.
  • Consolidated in April 1869 with the 43d Infantry, Veteran Reserve Corps (constituted 1866-09-21),
    and consolidated unit designated as the 1st Infantry
  • Assigned 1918-09-11 to the 13th Division
  • Relieved 1919-03-08 from assignment to the 13th Division
  • Assigned 1921-07-27 to the 2d Division
  • Relieved 1939-10-16 from assignment to the 2d Division
    and assigned to the 6th Division (later redesignated as the 6th Infantry Division)
  • Inactivated 1949-01-10 in Korea
  • Activated 1950-10-04 at Fort Ord, California
  • Relieved 1956-04-03 from assignment to the 6th Infantry Division
  • Assigned 1956-05-15 to the United States Military Academy
  • Relieved 1958-05-15 from assignment to the United States Military Academy
    and reorganized as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System
  • Withdrawn 1985-03-16 from the Combat Arms Regimental System
    and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System
  • Redesignated 2005-10-01 as the 1st Infantry Regiment

Honors

Campaign Participation Credit

  • War of 1812:
  1. Canada;
  2. Lundy's Lane;
  3. New Orleans;
  4. Alabama 1814;
  5. Florida 1814;
  6. Alabama 1815;
  7. Louisiana 1815
  • Mexican-American War:
  1. Monterey;
  2. Vera Cruz
  • Civil War:
  1. Mississippi River;
  2. Vicksburg;
  3. Missouri 1861;
  4. Texas 1861;
  5. Mississippi 1862
  • Indian Wars:
  1. Miami;
  2. Creeks;
  3. Seminoles;
  4. Black Hawk;
  5. Apaches;
  6. Pine Ridge;
  7. Texas 1850
  • Spanish-American War:
  1. Santiago
  • Philippine-American War:
  1. Samar 1901
  • World War II:
  1. New Guinea (with arrowhead);
  2. Luzon (with arrowhead)
  • Vietnam:
  1. Counteroffensive, Phase II;
  2. Counteroffensive, Phase III;
  3. Tet Counteroffensive;
  4. Counteroffensive, Phase IV;
  5. Counteroffensive, Phase V;
  6. Counteroffensive, Phase VI;
  7. Tet 69/Counteroffensive;
  8. Summer-Fall 1969;
  9. Winter-Spring 1970;
  10. Sanctuary Counteroffensive;
  11. Counteroffensive, Phase VII;
  12. Consolidation I;
  13. Consolidation II;
  14. Cease-Fire
  • War on Terrorism:
  1. Iraq

Decorations

  1. for QUANG TIN PROVINCE
  2. for IRAQ 15 AUGUST 2005 TO 15 DECEMBER 2006

References

  1. Pierce, Frank Cushman (1917). A Brief History of the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company,. pp. 78–79.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army Center of Military History.