| Revision as of 16:40, 21 October 2013 view sourceMy name is not dave (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers24,157 editsm Reverted edits by 206.176.81.240 identified as vandalism (WP:HG)← Previous edit | Revision as of 16:42, 21 October 2013 view source 206.176.81.240 (talk) ←Replaced content with 'stop it guys'Tag: possible vandalismNext edit → | ||
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| {{For|the Tasmanian politician|Lance Armstrong (politician)}} | |||
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| {{Infobox cyclist | |||
| | name = Lance Armstrong | |||
| | image = Lance Armstrong Tour 2010 team presentation (cropped).jpg | |||
| | caption = Armstrong at the ] | |||
| | fullname = Lance Edward Armstrong | |||
| | nickname = Le Boss,<ref>{{cite book|last=Fotheringham|first=William |title=Cyclopedia: It's All about the Bike|year=2011|publisher=Chicago Review Press|isbn=1-569-76948-6|page=18}}</ref> Big Tex<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/news/story?id=5355649|title=Armstrong keeps passing tests|last=Reilly|first=Rick|date=July 5, 2010|publisher=espn.go.com|accessdate=May 12, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| | birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1971|9|18}} | |||
| | birth_place = ], U.S. | |||
| | height = {{height|m=1.77}}<ref name="tdf"/> | |||
| | weight = </small> {{convert|75|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="tdf" /> | |||
| | currentteam = | |||
| | discipline = Road | |||
| | role = Rider | |||
| | ridertype = All-Rounder | |||
| | amateuryears = 1990–1991<br />1991 | |||
| | amateurteams = {{ct|DSC|1990}}<br />] | |||
| | proyears = 1992–1996<br />1997<br />1998–2004<br />2005<br />2009<br />2010–2011 | |||
| | proteams = ]<br />{{ct|COF|1997}}<br />{{ct|DSC|1998}}<br />]<br />{{ct|AST|2009}}<br />{{ct|RSH|2010}} | |||
| | majorwins = ''']''' | |||
| : ] (]) | |||
| : ] (1993) | |||
| :] (1995) | |||
| :] (1996) | |||
| | updated = January 17, 2013 | |||
| | medaltemplates = | |||
| {{Medal|Country | {{USA}} }} | |||
| {{Medal|Sport | Men's ]}} | |||
| {{Medal|Competition|]}} | |||
| {{Medal|Gold | ] | ]}} | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Lance Edward Armstrong''' (born '''Lance Edward Gunderson'''; September 18, 1971) is an ] former professional ]. Armstrong had won the ] a (then) record seven consecutive times between 1999 and 2005 before being disqualified from those races and banned from competitive cycling for life for ] offenses by the ] (USADA) in 2012. He is the founder of the ], originally called the Lance Armstrong Foundation, which provides support for cancer patients. | |||
| At age 16, Armstrong began competing as a triathlete and was a national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990. In 1992, Armstrong began his career as a professional cyclist with the ] team. He had notable success between 1993 and 1996, including the 1993 ], Clásica de San Sebastián in 1995, an overall victory in the penultimate Tour DuPont and a handful of stage victories in Europe, including the stage to Limoges in the Tour de France. | |||
| In October 1996, he was diagnosed with ] that had spread to his brain and lungs. His cancer treatments included brain and testicular surgery and extensive ]. In February 1997, he was declared ]{{reference needed|date=September 2013}} and the same year he founded the Lance Armstrong Foundation. By January 1998, Armstrong had renewed serious cycling training, having signed a new racing contract with ]. He was a member of the US Postal/Discovery team between 1998 and 2005. On July 24, 2005, Armstrong retired from racing at the end of the ], but returned to competitive cycling with the Astana team in January 2009 and finished third in the ]. Between 2010 and 2011, he raced with the ] he helped found, ]. | |||
| On February 16, 2011, Armstrong announced his retirement from competitive cycling, while facing a US federal investigation into ]. In February 2012, he returned to triathlon, competing as a professional in several events. In June 2012, USADA charged Armstrong with having used illicit performance-enhancing drugs.<ref name="Lance Armstrong"/> On August 24, 2012, it announced a lifetime ban from competition on Armstrong, applicable to all sports which follow the ] code, as well as the stripping of all his seven Tour de France titles won between 1999 and 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usada.org/media/sanction-armstrong8242012 |title=Lance Armstrong Receives Lifetime Ban And Disqualification Of Competitive Results For Doping Violations Stemming From His Involvement In The United States Postal Service Pro-Cycling Team Doping Conspiracy, USADA |publisher=Usada.org |date= |accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref> The USADA report concluded that Armstrong engaged in "the most sophisticated, professionalized and successful doping program that sport has ever seen."<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/19903716 |title=Lance Armstrong: USADA report labels him 'a serial cheat' |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2012-10-11 |accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref> On October 22, 2012, the ] (UCI), the sport's governing body, announced its decision to accept USADA's findings.<ref name="BBC-UCI"/> Armstrong chose not to appeal the decision to the ],<ref name="CAS">{{cite web|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/13587/Armstrongs-CAS-inaction-means-he-loses-chance-of-appeal-against-doping-sanctions.aspx|title=Armstrong’s CAS inaction means he loses chance of appeal against doping sanctions|publisher=Velonation.com|author=Shane Stokes|date=2012-12-29|accessdate=2013-01-02}}</ref> and in January 2013 he admitted doping in a television interview conducted by ],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://espn.go.com/sports/endurance/story/_/id/8855686/lance-armstrong-admits-doping-interview-oprah-winfrey|title=Lance Armstrong comes clean|date=January 17, 2013|publisher=ESPN.com News Services|accessdate=2013-01-18}}</ref> despite having denied it throughout his career.<ref name="NYTimes">{{cite news|title=In Reversal, Armstrong Is Said to Weigh Admitting Drug Use|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/05/sports/cycling/lance-armstrong-said-to-weigh-admission-of-doping.html?emc=na&_r=0|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=2013-01-05}}</ref><ref name="cbsnews1">{{cite web|title=Atty. denies report Lance Armstrong will admit doping|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-400_162-57562227/atty-denies-report-lance-armstrong-will-admit-doping/|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=2013-01-05}}</ref> | |||
| On August 1, 2013, ]—Lance Armstrong's ] Tour de France rival—reportedly suggested that Armstrong's seven stripped titles should be reinstated, pointing to the prevalence of doping at the time.<ref name="Ullrich-Armstrong titles return 1">{{cite news|first=Nathaniel|last=Vinton|title=Jan Ullrich says Lance Armstrong should have his seven Tour de France victories reinstated|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/ullrich-give-lance-tour-de-france-wins-back-article-1.1414602|work=]|date=August 1, 2013|accessdate=October 13, 2013}}</ref><ref name="Ullrich-Armstrong titles return 2"></ref><ref>http://youtube.com/watch?v=Kiz5uUlikCk</ref> | |||
| ==Early life== | |||
| Armstrong was born on September 18, 1971, at Methodist Hospital in ], north of ]<ref name="Bike Friendly Oak Cliff: BFOC interviews Lance Armstrong's mom, Linda Armstrong Kelly"/> to Linda Gayle (née Mooneyham), a secretary, and Eddie Charles Gunderson, a route manager for '']''. His great-grandfather was the son of ] immigrants.<ref name="Ancestry of Lance Armstrong"/> He was named after ], a ] wide receiver. His parents divorced when Lance was two and his father has two children from another relationship. His mother later married Terry Keith Armstrong, a wholesale salesman, who adopted Lance in 1974. | |||
| ==Career== | |||
| ===Early career=== | |||
| At the age of 12, Armstrong started his sporting career as a swimmer at the City of Plano Swim Club and finished fourth in Texas state 1,500-meter freestyle. He stopped swimming-only races after seeing a poster for a junior ], called the Iron Kids Triathlon, which he won at age 13.<ref name="LanceArmstrong.com"/> | |||
| In the 1987–1988 Tri-Fed/Texas ("Tri-Fed" was the former name of ]), Armstrong was ranked the number-one triathlete in the 19-and-under group; second place was ], who became a US Postal Service cycling teammate and the 2002 ]. Armstrong's total points in 1987 as an amateur were better than those of five professionals ranked higher than he was that year. At 16, Lance Armstrong became a professional triathlete and became national sprint-course triathlon champion in 1989 and 1990 at 18 and 19, respectively.<ref name="Breaking Away: Lance Armstrong of the U.S. is the world cycling champ. Now he's going for an even bigger prize."/> | |||
| ===Motorola: 1992–96=== | |||
| In 1992 Armstrong turned professional with the ], the successor of 7-Eleven team. In 1993, Armstrong won 10 one-day events and stage races, but his breakthrough victory was the ] held in Norway. Before his World's win, he took his first win at the ], in the stage from ] to ]. He was 97th in the general classification when he retired after stage 12. | |||
| He also collected the ] Triple Crown of Cycling: the Thrift Drug Classic in ], the K-Mart West Virginia Classic, and the ] ] in ]. | |||
| In 1994, he again won the Thrift Drug Classic and came second in the ] in the United States. His successes in Europe occurred when he placed second in ] and the ], where just two years before, he had finished in last place as his first all-pro event in Europe. | |||
| He won the Clásica de San Sebastián in 1995, followed by an overall victory in the penultimate ] and a handful of stage victories in Europe, including the stage to ] in the ], three days after the death of his teammate ], who crashed on the descent of the ] on the 15th stage. | |||
| Armstrong's successes were much the same in 1996. He became the first American to win the ] and again won the Tour DuPont. However, he was able to compete for only five days in the Tour de France. In the ], he finished 6th in the ] and 12th in the road race. In August 1996 following the Leeds Classic, Armstrong signed a 2-year, $2m deal with the French ]. Joining him in signing contracts with the French team were teammates ] and ]. Two months later, in October 1996, he was diagnosed with testicular cancer. | |||
| ===Cancer=== | |||
| On October 2, 1996, then aged 25, Armstrong was diagnosed as having ] (advanced) testicular cancer (]).<ref name="Armstrong Acknowledges Cancer Battle"/> The cancer ] to his lungs, abdomen and brain. On his first visit to a ] in Austin, Texas, for his cancer symptoms, he was coughing up blood and had a large, swollen testicle. Immediate surgery and chemotherapy saved his life. Armstrong had an ] to remove his diseased testicle. After his surgery, his doctor said that he had less than a 40% survival chance.<ref name="Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: ''It's Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life'' (ISBN 0-425-17961-3), Putnam 2000"/> | |||
| The standard chemotherapeutic regimen for the treatment of this type of cancer is a cocktail of the drugs ], ], and ] (or ]) (BEP). Armstrong, however, chose an alternative, ], ], and ] (VIP), to avoid the lung toxicity associated with bleomycin.<ref name="Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: ''It's Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life'' (ISBN 0-425-17961-3), Putnam 2000"/> This decision may have saved his cycling career. His primary treatment was received at the ] (IU), ], Medical Center, where ] had pioneered the use of cisplatinum to treat testicular cancer. His primary oncologist there was Craig Nichols.<ref name="Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: ''It's Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life'' (ISBN 0-425-17961-3), Putnam 2000"/> His brain tumors were surgically removed by Scott A. Shapiro, MD, Professor of Neurosurgery at Indiana University and Resident Director, and were found to contain extensive ].<ref name="societyns"/> | |||
| Armstrong's last chemotherapy treatment was received on December 13, 1996. In February 1997, he was declared cancer-free, but shortly afterward came the news that his contract with the Cofidis team had been cancelled. A former boss at Subaru Montgomery offered him a contract with the US Postal team on a salary of $200,000 a year. By January 1998, Armstrong was already engaged in serious training for racing, moving to Europe with the team. A pivotal week (April 1998) in his comeback was one he spent training in the very challenging Appalachian terrain around Boone, North Carolina, with his racing friend ].<ref name="Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: ''It's Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life'' (ISBN 0-425-17961-3), Putnam 2000"/> | |||
| ===US Postal/Discovery: 1998–2005=== | |||
| Before his cancer treatment, Armstrong had won two Tour de France stages. In 1993, he won the eighth stage and in 1995; he took stage 18 in honor of teammate ] who crashed and died on stage 15. Armstrong dropped out of the 1996 Tour after the fifth stage after becoming ill, a few months before his diagnosis. | |||
| ], taking over the Yellow Jersey at ].]] | |||
| Armstrong's cycling comeback began in 1998 when he finished fourth in the ]. In 1999 he won the Tour de France, including four stages. He beat the second rider, ], by 7 minutes 37 seconds. However, the absence of ] (injury) and ] (drug allegations) meant Armstrong had not yet proven himself against the biggest names. Stage wins included the prologue, stage eight, an ] in ], an Alpine stage on stage nine, and the second individual time trial on stage 19. | |||
| In 2000, Ullrich and Pantani returned to challenge Armstrong. The race that began a six-year rivalry between Ullrich and Armstrong ended in victory for Armstrong by 6 minutes 2 seconds over Ullrich. Armstrong took one stage in the 2000 Tour, the second individual time trial on stage 19. In 2001, Armstrong again took top honors, beating Ullrich by 6 minutes 44 seconds. In 2002, Ullrich did not participate due to suspension, and Armstrong won by seven minutes over ]. | |||
| ]]] | |||
| The pattern returned in 2003, Armstrong taking first place and Ullrich second. Only a minute and a second separated the two at the end of the final day in Paris. U.S. Postal won the ] on stage four, while Armstrong took stage 15, despite having been knocked off on the ascent to ], the final climb, when a spectator's bag caught his right handlebar. Ullrich waited for him, which brought Ullrich fair-play honors.<ref name="sportunterricht"/> | |||
| In 2004, Armstrong finished first, 6 minutes 19 seconds ahead of German ]. Ullrich was fourth, a further 2 minutes 31 seconds behind. Armstrong won a personal-best five individual stages, plus the team time trial. He became the first biker since ] in 1948 to win three consecutive mountain stages; 15, 16, and 17. | |||
| The individual time trial on stage 16 up ] was won in style by Armstrong as he passed ] on the way despite having set out two minutes after the Italian. He won sprint finishes from Basso in stages 13 and 15 and made up a significant gap in the last 250 m to nip Klöden at the line in stage 17. He won the final individual time trial, stage 19, to complete his personal record of stage wins. | |||
| ].]] | |||
| In 2005, Armstrong was beaten by ] in the Stage 1 time trial by two seconds, despite having passed Ullrich on the road. His Discovery Channel team won the team time trial, while Armstrong won the final individual time trial. In the mountain stages, Armstrong's lead was attacked multiple times mostly by Ivan Basso, but also by T-mobile leaders Jan Ullrich, Andreas Kloden and Alexandre Vinokourov and former teammate ]. But still, the American champion handled them well, maintained his lead and, on some occasions, increased it. To complete his record-breaking feat, Armstrong crossed the line on the Champs-Élysées on July 24 to win his seventh consecutive Tour, finishing 4m 40s ahead of Basso, with Ullrich third. Another record achieved that year was that Armstrong completed the tour at the highest pace in the race's history: his average speed over the whole tour was 41.7 km/h (26 mph).<ref name="Tour de France winners and their average speeds"/> | |||
| On July 24, 2005, Armstrong announced his retirement from professional cycling.<ref name="Armstrong retires... – Event news"/> | |||
| ===Comeback=== | |||
| ====Astana Pro Team: 2009==== | |||
| {{See also|2009 Astana season}} | |||
| Armstrong announced on September 9, 2008, that he would return to pro cycling with the express goal of participating in the ].<ref name="azcentral"/><ref name="coming out"/> ''VeloNews'' reported that Armstrong would race for no salary or bonuses and would post his internally tested blood results online.<ref name="coming out"/> | |||
| ].]] | |||
| Australian ] radio reported on September 24, 2008, that Armstrong would compete in the UCI ] through ] and surrounding areas in January 2009. UCI rules say a cyclist has to be in an anti-doping program for six months before an event, but UCI allowed Armstrong to compete.<ref name="Lance Armstrong given the all clear from UCI for Tour Down Under comeback"/> He had to retire from the 2009 Vuelta a Castilla y León during the first stage after crashing in a rider pileup in ], Spain, and breaking his ].<ref name="Armstrong breaks his collarbone"/> Armstrong flew back to ], for corrective surgery, which was successful, and was back training on a bicycle within four days of his operation.<ref name="yahoo"/> | |||
| On April 10, 2009, a controversy emerged between the French anti-doping agency ] and Armstrong and his team manager, ], stemming from a March 17, 2009, encounter with an AFLD anti-doping official who visited Armstrong after a training ride in ]. When the official arrived, Armstrong claims he asked—and was granted—permission to take a shower while Bruyneel checked the official's credentials. In late April, the AFLD cleared Armstrong of any wrongdoing.<ref name="Lance Armstrong cleared by French anti-doping agency"/> Armstrong returned to racing after his collarbone injury at the ] in ] on April 29.<ref name="Armstrong to return from injury"/> | |||
| On July 7, in the fourth stage of the ], Armstrong narrowly failed to win the yellow jersey after his Astana team won the ]. His Astana team won the 39 km lap of ] but Armstrong ended up just over two tenths of a second (0.22) outside of ]'s overall lead.<ref name="Armstrong just misses Tour lead"/> Armstrong finished the 2009 Tour de France in third place overall, 5:24 behind the overall winner, his Astana teammate ]. | |||
| ====Team RadioShack: 2010–11==== | |||
| On July 21, 2009, Armstrong announced that he would return to the Tour de France in 2010.<ref name="Armstrong Says He Will Return for 2010"/> ] was named as the main sponsor for Armstrong's 2010 team, named ].<ref name="espn-radioshack"/><ref name="Team RadioShack 2010"/> Armstrong made his 2010 season debut at the ] where he finished 25th out of the 127 riders who completed the race. He made his European season debut at the ] finishing in seventh place overall. Armstrong was also set to compete in several classics such as the ], ], ], and the ], but bouts with gastroenteritis forced his withdrawal from three of the four races.<ref name="VeloNews.com – Bruyneel confirms Armstrong will race classics"/> | |||
| Armstrong returned to the United States in mid-April to compete in the Tour of Gila and May's ], both as preparation for the Tour de France. However, he crashed outside ] early in stage 5 of the Tour of California and had to withdraw from the race.<ref name="Lance Armstrong heading to local hospital after crash outside of Visalia"/> He showed fine shape after recovering from the Tour of California crash, placing second in the ] and third in the ]. | |||
| On June 28, Armstrong announced via Twitter that the ] would be his final Tour de France.<ref name="competitor"/> Armstrong put in an impressive performance in the Tour de France prologue TT, finishing third, but was plagued by crashes in later stages that put him out of GC contention, especially a serious crash in stage 8. He rallied for the brutal Pyreneean stage 16, working as a key player in a successful break that included teammate ]. He finished his last tour in 23rd place, 39 minutes 20 seconds behind former winner ].<ref name="Contador wins Tour; Lance walks away"/> He was also a key rider in helping Team RadioShack win the team competition, beating Caisse d'Epargne by 9 minutes, 15 seconds. | |||
| In October, he announced the end of his international career after the ] in January 2011. He stated that after January 2011, he will race only in the U.S. with the ] domestic team.<ref name="cyclismactu"/> | |||
| Armstrong announced his retirement from competitive cycling 'for good' on February 16, 2011, while still facing a US federal investigation into doping allegations.<ref name="bbcforgood"/><ref name="Armstrong Retires From Cycling"/> | |||
| ===Physical attributes=== | |||
| Armstrong has recorded ] of 83.8 mL/kg/min (VO<sub>2</sub> max),<ref name="How Fast Could Lance Armstrong Run a Marathon?"/><ref name="FAQ: VO2 Max"/> much higher than the average person (40–50), but lower than some other ] winners, such as ] (88.0, although reports exist that Indurain tested at 92–94) and ] (92.5).<ref name="VO2 Max — a Measure of Athletic Fitness"/> At his peak, he had a ] of 32–34 beats per minute (bpm) with a maximum heart rate of 201 bpm.<ref name="performance"/> | |||
| ===Collaboration of sponsors=== | |||
| Armstrong revolutionized the support behind his well-funded teams, asking sponsors and suppliers to contribute and act as part of the team.<ref name="CYCLING; Overhauling Lance Armstrong"/> For example, rather than having the frame, handlebars, and tires designed and developed by separate companies with little interaction, his teams adopted a ] relationship with sponsors and suppliers named "F-One",<ref name="Cyclingnews.com: Armstrong's 'F-One' group plots the hour"/> taking full advantage of the combined resources of several organizations working in close communication. The team, ], ], ], Bontrager (a Trek company), ], ], ] and ], collaborated for an array of products. | |||
| ==Personal life== | |||
| ] during the ].]] | |||
| Armstrong owns homes in ], and ], as well as a ranch in the ].<ref name="cloudy"/> He also has become a popular Twitter user, with almost 4 million followers as of January 2013.<ref name="Lance Armstrong Twitter Home Page">{{cite web | title = Lance Armstrong Twitter Home Page| publisher=Twitter| date = June 11, 2010 | url = http://twitter.com/lancearmstrong | accessdate =2009-07-13}}</ref> | |||
| ===Relationships and children=== | |||
| Armstrong met Kristin Richard in June 1997. They married on May 1, 1998, and had three children: Luke David, born October 1999, and twins Isabelle Rose and Grace Elisabeth, born November 2001. The pregnancy was possible through sperm Armstrong banked three years earlier, before chemotherapy and surgery.<ref name="Cancer survivor Armstrong accepts new role"/> The couple divorced in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1192564,00.html|title=Lance's Ex Felt Smothered By Marriage|last=Silverman|first=Stephen M.|date=May 9, 2006|publisher=people.com|accessdate=May 12, 2013}}</ref> At Armstrong's request, his children flew in for the Tour de France podium ceremony in 2005, where Luke helped his father hoist the trophy, while his daughters (in yellow dresses) held the stuffed lion mascot and bouquet of yellow flowers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/2300-202_162-706964-5.html|title=The 2005 Tour De France|publisher=cbsnews.com|accessdate=May 12, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| Armstrong began dating singer-songwriter ] in late 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-sheryl-crow-lance-armstrong-20130122,0,7726365.story|title=Sheryl Crow discusses Lance Armstrong's doping admission|last=Mitchell|first=Houston|date=January 22, 2013|publisher=latimes.com|accessdate=May 12, 2013}}</ref> The couple announced their ] in September 2005 and their split in February 2006.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1156475,00.html | title = Lance Armstrong and Sheryl Crow Split | first= Alicia | last = Dennis | work = ] | date= February 3, 2006| accessdate = January 22, 2013}}</ref> In March 2007, Armstrong began dating designer ]. They announced their breakup in October 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20130255,00.html|title=Lance Armstrong, Tory Burch Break Up|last=Silverman|first=Stephen M.|date=October 3, 2007|publisher=people.com|accessdate=May 12, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| In July 2008, Armstrong began dating Anna Hansen after meeting through Armstrong's charity work. In December 2008, Armstrong announced that Hansen was pregnant with the couple's first child. Although it was believed that Armstrong could no longer father children, after having undergone chemotherapy for testicular cancer, this child was conceived naturally.<ref name="cnn"/> Their son, Maxwell Edward Armstrong, was born in 2009 in ]. Armstrong announced the birth via Twitter.<ref name="Wassup, world? My name is..."/> In April 2010, Armstrong, using Twitter, announced that Hansen was having his fifth child. Olivia Marie Armstrong was born in October 2010.<ref name="twitter"/> | |||
| ===Politics=== | |||
| ] and Armstrong mountain biking at the president's ].]] | |||
| In '']'' article, teammate ] hinted that Armstrong would run for ] after cycling. In the July 2005 issue of '']'' magazine, Armstrong hinted at running for governor, although "not in '06".<ref name="Breaking Away"/> Armstrong and former president ], a ] and fellow Texan, call themselves friends. Bush called Armstrong in France to congratulate him after his 2005 victory in August 2005, '']'' reported the President had invited Armstrong to his ] to go ].<ref name="Can this bike ride be Bush's tour de force?"/> In a 2003 interview with '']'', Armstrong said: "He's a personal friend, but we've all got the right not to agree with our friends."<ref name="Serena got the message, now it's Lance's turn as French cheers become jeers for US stars"/> | |||
| In August 2005, Armstrong hinted he had changed his mind about politics. In an interview with ] on ] on August 1, 2005, Armstrong pointed out that running for governor would require the commitment that led him to retire from cycling. Also, in August 2005, Armstrong said that he was no longer considering politics: | |||
| {{quote|The biggest problem with politics or running for the governor—the governor's race here in Austin or in Texas—is that it would mimic exactly what I've done: a ton of stress and a ton of time away from my kids. Why would I want to go from pro cycling, which is stressful and a lot of time away, straight into politics?<ref name="Armstrong rules out political career... for now"/>}} | |||
| Armstrong was co-chair of a California campaign committee to pass the ], a ballot measure defeated by California voters on June 5, 2012.<ref name="CCRA Leadership Team"/> Had it passed, the measure was projected to generate over $500 million annually for cancer research, smoking-cessation programs and tobacco law-enforcement by levying a $1-per-pack tax on tobacco products in California.<ref name="Prop 29 – The California Cancer Research Act"/> | |||
| ==History of allegations of doping== | |||
| {{main|History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations|Lance Armstrong doping case}} | |||
| For much of his career, Armstrong faced persistent allegations of doping.<ref name="Index of Lance Armstrong doping allegations over the years"/> Armstrong denied all such allegations until January 2013, often claiming that he never had any positive test in the approximately 600 drug tests he has taken over his cycling career.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/23/sport/lance-armstrong-investigation/index.html |title=Lance Armstrong facing lifetime ban, loss of titles |publisher=Edition.cnn.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-19}}</ref> | |||
| Armstrong has been criticized for his disagreements with outspoken opponents of doping such as ]<ref name="Countdown to the Tour de France Jonathan Vaughters and his drugsfree team"/><ref name="They bust the addicts but the dealers ride on"/> and ].<ref name="Armstrong rounds on critics over drugs storm"/><ref name="timesonline.co.uk"/> Bassons was a rider for Festina at the time of the ] and was widely reported by teammates as being the only rider on the team not to be taking performance enhancing drugs. Bassons wrote a number of articles for a French newspaper during the 1999 Tour de France which made references to doping in the ]. Subsequently, Armstrong had an altercation with Bassons during the 1999 Tour de France where Bassons said Armstrong rode up alongside on the Alpe d'Huez stage to tell him "it was a mistake to speak out the way I (Bassons) do and he (Armstrong) asked why I was doing it. I told him that I'm thinking of the next generation of riders. Then he said 'Why don't you leave, then?'"<ref name="Le coup de blues de Christophe Bassons – l'Humanite"/> | |||
| Armstrong confirmed the story. On the main evening news on ], a national television station, Armstrong said, "His accusations aren't good for cycling, for his team, for me, for anybody. If he thinks cycling works like that, he's wrong and he would be better off going home".<ref name="cited"/> Kimmage, a professional cyclist in the 1980s who later became a sports journalist, referred to Armstrong as a "cancer in cycling".<ref name="timesonline.co.uk"/> He also asked Armstrong questions in relation to his "admiration for dopers" at a press conference at the Tour of California in 2009, provoking a scathing reaction from Armstrong.<ref name="timesonline.co.uk"/> This spat continued and is exemplified by Kimmage's articles in '']''.<ref>, ]</ref> | |||
| Armstrong continued to deny the use of illegal performance-enhancing drugs for four more years, describing himself as the most tested athlete in the world.<ref name="Pound Stunned By Attack"/> From his return to cycling in the fall of 2008 through March 2009, Armstrong claims to have submitted to 24 unannounced drug tests by various anti-doping authorities.<ref name="Lance to Drug Tester: Your Papers, Please"/><ref name="Armstrong outraged by French misbehaviour claims"/> | |||
| ===Working with Michele Ferrari=== | |||
| Armstrong was criticized for working with controversial trainer ]. Ferrari claimed that he was introduced to Lance by ] in 1995.<ref name="cyclingnews"/> ] described himself as "devastated" on hearing of them working together, while Tour de France organizer ] said, "I am not happy the two names are mixed."<ref name="guardian"/> Following Ferrari's later-overturned conviction for "sporting fraud" and "abuse of the medical profession", Armstrong claimed he suspended his professional relationship with him, saying that he had "zero tolerance for anyone convicted of using or facilitating the use of performance-enhancing drugs" and denying that Ferrari had ever "suggested, prescribed or provided me with any performance-enhancing drugs."<ref name="timesonline1"/> | |||
| Though Ferrari was banned from practicing medicine with cyclists by the Italian Cycling Federation, according to Italian law enforcement authorities, Armstrong met with Ferrari as recently as 2010 in a country outside of Italy.<ref name="associated"/> According to ''Cycling News'', "USADA reveals an intimate role played by Dr. Michele Ferrari in masterminding Armstrong's Tour de France success". According to the USADA report, Armstrong paid Ferrari over a million dollars in payments from 1996 to 2006, countering Armstrong's claim that he severed his professional relationship with Ferrari in 2004. The report also includes numerous eyewitness accounts of Ferrari injecting Armstrong with ] on a number of occasions.<ref>{{cite web|author=Laura Weislo |url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/usada-lance-armstrong-paid-ferrari-more-than-dollar-1-million |title=USADA: Lance Armstrong Paid Ferrari More Than $1 Million |publisher=Cyclingnews.com |date=2011-09-25 |accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref> | |||
| ===''L.A. Confidentiel'': 2004=== | |||
| {{main|L.A. Confidentiel}} | |||
| In 2004, reporters ] and ] published a book alleging Armstrong had used performance-enhancing drugs (''] – Les secrets de Lance Armstrong''). Another figure in the book, ], claims he and other riders, including Armstrong, began using drugs in 1995 while members of the Motorola team, a claim denied by other team members.<ref name="Stop strong-arm tactics"/><ref name="2 Ex-Teammates of Cycling Star Admit Drug Use"/> | |||
| Among the allegations in the book were claims by Armstrong's former ] ] that a backdated prescription for cortisone had been produced in 1999 to avoid a positive test. A 1999 urine sample at the Tour de France showed traces of ]. A medical certificate showed he used an approved cream for ] which contained the substance.<ref name="velonews050823"/> O'Reilly said she heard team officials worrying about Armstrong's positive test for steroids during the Tour. She said: "They were in a panic, saying: 'What are we going to do? What are we going to do?'"<ref name="Armstrong, Best of His Time, Now With an Asterisk"/> | |||
| According to O'Reilly, the solution was to get one of their compliant doctors to issue a pre-dated prescription for a steroid-based ointment to combat saddle sores. O'Reilly said she would have known if Armstrong had saddle sores as she would have administered any treatment for it. O'Reilly said that Armstrong told her: "Now, Emma, you know enough to bring me down." O'Reilly said on other occasions she was asked to dispose of used syringes for Armstrong and pick up strange parcels for the team.<ref name="Lance Armstrong: the whistleblowers"/> | |||
| Allegations in the book were reprinted in the UK newspaper '']'' in a story by deputy sports editor Alan English in June 2004. Armstrong sued for libel, and the paper settled out of court after a High Court judge in a pre-trial ruling stated that the article "meant accusation of guilt and not simply reasonable grounds to suspect."<ref name="guardian2"/> The newspaper's lawyers issued the statement: "The Sunday Times has confirmed to Mr. Armstrong that it never intended to accuse him of being guilty of taking any performance-enhancing drugs and sincerely apologized for any such impression." The same authors (Pierre Ballester and David Walsh) subsequently published ''L.A. Official'' and ''Le Sale Tour'' (The Dirty Trick), further pressing their claims that Armstrong used performance-enhancing drugs throughout his career. | |||
| On March 31, 2005, Mike Anderson filed a brief<ref name="coxnewsweb"/> in Travis County District Court in Texas, as part of a legal battle following his termination in November 2004 as an employee of Armstrong. Anderson worked for Armstrong for two years as a personal assistant. In the brief, Anderson claimed that he discovered a box of ] while cleaning a bathroom in Armstrong's apartment in ], Spain.<ref name="Papers: Lance had steroid in home"/> Androstenone is not on the list of banned drugs. Anderson stated in a subsequent deposition that he had no direct knowledge of Armstrong using a banned substance. Armstrong denied the claim and issued a counter-suit.<ref name="Armstrong asks Austin court to sanction his former assistant"/> The two men reached an out-of-court settlement in November 2005; the terms of the agreement were not disclosed.<ref name="Lance Armstrong settles lawsuit with former assistant"/> | |||
| In November 2012, Times Newspapers republished all of David Walsh's articles as well as the original "LA Confidential" article by Alan English in a book ''Lanced: The shaming of Lance Armstrong''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amazon.com/Lanced-shaming-Lance-Armstrong-ebook/dp/B009ZZW7WK/ref=sr_1_5?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1352729055&sr=1-5&keywords=david+walsh |title=Lanced: The shaming of Lance Armstrong|author= David Walsh, Paul Kimmage, John Follain, Alex Butler |publisher=Amazon.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-19}}</ref> ''The Times'' is said to be considering taking action to recoup monies from Armstrong in relation to the settlement and court costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/13056/Sunday-Times-considering-legal-action-against-Armstrong.aspx |title=Sunday Times considering legal action against Armstrong |publisher=Velonation.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-19}}</ref> | |||
| In December 2012 ''The Sunday Times'' filed suit against Armstrong for $1.5 million. In its suit, the paper is seeking a return of the original settlement, plus interest and the cost of defending the original case.<ref>], "Sunday Times suing Armstrong", '']'', December 25, 2012, p. 15.</ref> | |||
| In August 2013, Armstrong and ''The Sunday Times'' reached an undisclosed settlement.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Lance Armstrong settles with Sunday Times|date = 25 August 2013|url = http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/aug/25/lance-armstrong-settles-sunday-times|work = The Guardian|accessdate = 26 August 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ===Tour de France urine tests: 2005=== | |||
| On August 23, 2005, ''L'Équipe'', a major French daily sports newspaper, reported on its front page under the headline "le mensonge Armstrong" ("The Armstrong Lie") that 6 urine samples taken from the cyclist during the prologue and five stages of the ], frozen and stored since at "Laboratoire national de dépistage du dopage de Châtenay-Malabry" (LNDD), had tested positive for ] (EPO) in recent retesting conducted as part of a research project into EPO testing methods.<ref name="L'EQUIPE.FR Cyclisme – CYCLISME – Affaire Armstrong"/><ref name="AFP: No comment on Armstrong from US cycling, anti-doping groups"/> | |||
| Armstrong immediately replied on his website, saying, "Unfortunately, the witch hunt continues and tomorrow's article is nothing short of tabloid journalism. The paper even admits in its own article that the science in question here is faulty and that I have no way to defend myself. They state: 'There will therefore be no counter-exam nor regulatory prosecutions, in a strict sense, since defendant's rights cannot be respected.' I will simply restate what I have said many times: I have never taken performance enhancing drugs."<ref name="Litke: Suspicion Remains Lance's Opponent"/> | |||
| In October 2005, in response to calls from the International Olympic Committee and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) for an independent investigation, the UCI appointed Dutch lawyer Emile Vrijman to investigate the handling of urine tests by the French national anti-doping laboratory, LNDD. Vrijman was head of the Dutch anti-doping agency for ten years; since then he has worked as a defense attorney defending high-profile athletes against doping charges.<ref name="California Western School of Law"/> Vrijman's report cleared Armstrong because of improper handling and testing.<ref name="Armstrong cleared in drug inquiry"/><ref name="UCI report clears Armstrong"/> The report said tests on urine samples were conducted improperly and fell so short of scientific standards that it was "completely irresponsible" to suggest they "constitute evidence of anything."<ref name="Max2006"/> | |||
| The recommendation of the commission's report was no disciplinary action against any rider on the basis of LNDD research. It also called upon the WADA and LNDD to submit themselves to an investigation by an outside independent authority.<ref name="Scholten c.s. Advocaten"/> The IOC Ethics Commission subsequently censured ], the President of WADA and a member of the IOC, for his statements in the media that suggested wrongdoing by Armstrong. | |||
| In April 2009, Michael Ashenden said that "the LNDD absolutely had no way of knowing athlete identity from the sample they're given. They have a number on them, but that's never linked to an athlete's name. The only group that had both the number and the athlete's name is the federation, in this case it was the UCI." He added "There was only two conceivable ways that synthetic ] could've gotten into those samples. One, is that Lance Armstrong used EPO during the '99 Tour. The other way it could've got in the urine was if, as Lance Armstrong seems to believe, the laboratory spiked those samples. Now, that's an extraordinary claim, and there's never ever been any evidence the laboratory has ever spiked an athlete's sample, even during the Cold War, where you would've thought there was a real political motive to frame an athlete from a different country. There's never been any suggestion that it happened."<ref name="The possibility of tampering"/> | |||
| Ashenden's statements are at odds with the findings of the Vrijman report. "According to Mr. Ressiot, the manner in which the LNDD had structured the results table of its report – i.e. listing the sequence of each of the batches, as well as the exact number of urine samples per batch, in the same (chronological) order as the stages of the 1999 Tour de France they were collected at – was already sufficient to allow him to determine the exact stage these urine samples referred to and subsequently the identity of the riders who were tested at that stage." The Vrijman report also says "Le Monde of July 21 and 23, 1999 reveal that the press knew the contents of original doping forms of the 1999 Tour de France".<ref name="Scholten c.s. Advocaten"/> | |||
| ===SCA Promotions case: 2005=== | |||
| In June 2006, French newspaper '']'' reported claims by Betsy and ] during a deposition that Armstrong had admitted using performance-enhancing drugs to his physician just after brain surgery in 1996. The Andreus' testimony was related to litigation between Armstrong and SCA Promotions, a Texas company attempting to withhold a $5-million bonus; this was settled out of court with SCA paying Armstrong and Tailwind Sports $7.5 million, to cover the $5-million bonus plus interest and lawyers' fees. The testimony stated "And so the doctor asked him a few questions, not many, and then one of the questions he asked was... have you ever used any performance-enhancing drugs? And Lance said yes. And the doctor asked, what were they? And Lance said, ], ], ], ]s and ]."<ref name="npr.org"/> | |||
| Armstrong suggested Betsy Andreu may have been confused by possible mention of his ''post-operative treatment'' which included steroids and EPO that are taken to counteract wasting and red-blood-cell-destroying effects of intensive chemotherapy.<ref name="Armstrong issues statement"/> The Andreus' allegation was not supported by any of the eight other people present, including Armstrong's doctor Craig Nichols,<ref name="Papers charge Armstrong admitted doping"/> or his medical history. According to Greg LeMond (who has been ] with his own disputes with Armstrong), he (LeMond) had a recorded conversation,<ref name="b5z"/> the transcript of which was reviewed by ] (NPR), with Stephanie McIlvain (Armstrong's contact at Oakley Inc.) in which she said of Armstrong's alleged admission 'You know, I was in that room. I heard it.' However, McIlvain has contradicted LeMond allegations on the issue and denied under oath that the incident in question ever occurred in her sworn testimony.<ref name="npr.org"/> | |||
| In July 2006, the '']'' published a story on the allegations raised in the SCA case.<ref name="trail"/> The report cited evidence at the trial including the results of the LNDD test and an analysis of these results by an expert witness.<ref name="Evidence of a banned substance?"/> From the ''Los Angeles Times'' article: "The results, Australian researcher Michael Ashenden testified in Dallas, show Armstrong's levels rising and falling, consistent with a series of injections during the Tour. Ashenden, a paid expert retained by SCA Promotions, told arbitrators the results painted a "compelling picture" that the world's most famous cyclist "used EPO in the '99 Tour."<ref name="trail"/> | |||
| Ashenden's finding were disputed by the Vrijman report, which pointed to procedural and privacy issues in dismissing the LNDD test results. The ''Los Angeles Times'' article also provided information on testimony given by Armstrong's former teammate, Swart, Andreu and his wife Betsy, and ] conversation between Andreu and ] regarding blood-doping in the peloton. Vaughters signed a statement disavowing the comments and stating he had: "no personal knowledge that any team in the Tour de France, including Armstrong's Discovery team in 2005, engaged in any prohibited conduct whatsoever." Andreu signed a statement affirming the conversation took place as indicated on the instant messaging logs submitted to the court.<ref name="Andy Shen"/> | |||
| The SCA trial was settled out of court, and the ''Los Angeles Times'' reported: "Though no verdict or finding of facts was rendered, Armstrong called the outcome proof that the doping allegations were baseless." The ''Los Angeles Times'' article provides a review of the disputed positive EPO test, allegations and sworn testimony against Armstrong, but notes that: "They are filled with conflicting testimony, hearsay and circumstantial evidence admissible in arbitration hearings but questionable in more formal legal proceedings."<ref name="Andy Shen"/> | |||
| In October, 2012, following the publication of the USADA reasoned decision, SCA Promotions announced its intention to recoup the monies paid to Armstrong totaling in excess of $7 million. Armstrong's legal representative Tim Herman stated in June ""When SCA decided to settle the case, it settled the entire matter forever. No backs. No re-dos. No do-overs. SCA knowingly and independently waived any right to make further claims to any of the money it paid."<ref>{{cite news|last=Vertuno|first=Jim|title=Lance Armstrong Refund? SCA Promotions Demands Tour de France Bonus Money Be Returned|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/26/lance-armstrong-refund-tour-de-france-money_n_2027341.html|newspaper=Huffington Post|date=2012-10-26}}</ref> SCA’s Jeff Dorough stated that on October 30, 2012, Armstrong was sent a formal request for the return of $12m in bonuses. It is alleged that Armstrong's legal team has offered a settlement of $1 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/13274/Report-Armstrongs-lawyers-proposed-settlement-with-SCA-Promotions.aspx |title=Report: Armstrong’s lawyers proposed settlement with SCA Promotions |publisher=Velonation.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://reader.roopstigo.com/view/roopster/story/615/#/chapter/1/ |title=The Soul of Sports | Reparation Tour |publisher=Reader.roopstigo.com |date= |accessdate=2013-01-19}}</ref> | |||
| ===Federal inquiry: 2010–2012=== | |||
| {{main|Lance Armstrong doping case#2010-2012 Federal Inquiry}} | |||
| U.S. federal prosecutors pursued allegations of doping by Armstrong from 2010 to 2012. On February 2, 2012, U.S. federal prosecutors officially dropped their criminal investigation with no charges.<ref name="cnn5"/> The closing of the case by US Attorney André Birotte, Jr., was not without controversy with the decision coming as a surprise to many.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/16/us-cycling-armstrong-idUSBRE89F1AI20121016 |title=Q+A: Lance Armstrong doping case |publisher=Reuters |date= |accessdate=2013-01-19}}</ref> | |||
| ==USADA Investigation: 2011–2012== | |||
| {{main|Lance Armstrong doping case#USADA Investigation 2011-2012}} | |||
| In June 2012, the ] (USADA) accused Armstrong of doping and trafficking of drugs, based on blood samples from 2009 and 2010, and testimonies from witnesses including former teammates. Further, he was accused of putting pressure on teammates to take unauthorized performance-enhancing drugs as well.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/cycling/story/2012/10/11/sp-lance-armstrong-usada-us-postal-service-team-travis-tygart-george-hincapie-tyler-hamilton.html|title=USADA's Armstrong probe produces 200 pages, 26 witnesses|work=CBC|publisher=CBC.ca|date=October 11, 2011|accessdate=2012-11-16|agency=The Associated Press}}</ref> Armstrong was initially suspended and eventually banned from participating in sports sanctioned by WADA. He chose not to appeal the decision, and publicly admitted to the doping in an interview with ] in January 2013. While admitting in the interview to the things he did, he also said it was "bsolutely not" true that he was doping in 2009-2010 and that the last time he "crossed the line" was in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full Transcript: Lance Armstrong on Oprah|url=http://armchairspectator.wordpress.com/2013/01/23/full-transcript-lance-armstrong-on-oprah/|accessdate=21 July 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ===Impact on sponsors=== | |||
| After USADA's report, all of Armstrong's sponsors dropped him. He reportedly lost $75 million in a day.<ref>{{cite news |first=David|last=Wharton|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2013/jan/18/sports/la-sp-sn-lance-armstrong-oprah-winfrey-part-2-20130118|title=Lance Armstrong on sponsors leaving: A $75-million day in losses|work=]|publisher=]|date=January 18, 2013|accessdate=May 23, 2013}}</ref> On May 28, 2013, Nike announced that it would be cutting all ties to Livestrong.<ref>{{cite news |first=Jim|last=Vertuno|url=http://abcnews.go.com/search?searchtext=Nike%20Cutting%20Ties%20to%20Livestrong|title=Nike Cutting Ties to Livestrong|work=]|agency=Associated Press|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=May 29, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ==Whistleblower lawsuit: 2010–2013== | |||
| In 2010, one of Lance Armstrong's former teammates, the American Floyd Landis, whose 2006 Tour De France victory was nullified after a positive doping test, sent a series of emails to cycling officials and sponsors admitting to, and detailing, his systematic use of performance enhancing drugs during his career. The emails also claimed that other riders and cycling officials participated in doping, including Armstrong.<ref>{{cite web|author=Reed Albergotti and Vanessa O'Connell|url=http://wheelmenthebook.com/docs/LandisAdmitsDopingAllegesArmstrongUse.pdf | title=WSJ: Cyclist Floyd Landis Admits Doping, Alleges Use by Armstrong and Others|publisher=Dow Jones Newswires|accessdate=October 17, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| Landis filed a federal whistle-blower lawsuit against Armstrong under the federal False Claims Act.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703946504575469622694037154|title=U.S. Mulls Joining Cycling Lawsuit|publisher=WSJ.com|date=September 4, 2010|accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref> The False Claims Act allows citizens to sue on behalf of the government alleging the government has been defrauded. The existence of the lawsuit, initially filed under seal, was first revealed by The Wall Street Journal in 2010. | |||
| In the lawsuit, Landis alleged that Armstrong and team managers defrauded the U.S. government when they accepted money from the U.S. Postal Service. In January 2013, Justice Department officials recommended joining the federal lawsuit aimed at clawing back money from Armstrong.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323596204578242250517426858|title=Justice Department Poised to Join Armstrong Whistleblower Lawsuit|publisher=WSJ.com|date=January 15, 2013|accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref> In February, the United States Department of Justice joined the whistleblower lawsuit, which also accuses former Postal Service team director Johan Bruyneel and Tailwind Sports, the firm that managed the Postal Service team, of defrauding the U.S.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303759604579094042775552858|title=Armstrong Asks to Be Deposed for Multiple Suits at Once|publisher=WSJ.com|date=September 23, 2013|accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324503204578320143049680124|title=Justice Joins Suit Against Armstrong|publisher=WSJ.com|date=February 22, 2013|accessdate=2013-10-17}}</ref> | |||
| ==Jan Ullrich on Armstrong's stripped titles== | |||
| On August 1, 2013, Jan Ullrich—arguably Lance Armstrong's biggest Tour de France rival—said that Armstrong should have his seven stripped titles reinstated, due to the prevalence of doping at the time. "I would give Armstrong the Tour victories back...That’s how it was back then. It doesn't help anyone to draw a line through the winners’ list", Ullrich reportedly told '']'' magazine.<ref name="Ullrich-Armstrong titles return 1"></ref><ref>http://youtube.com/watch?v=Kiz5uUlikCk</ref> | |||
| Ullrich had won the ] and finished second to Armstrong three times—in ], ] and ]—but the German cyclist declined to stake a claim for his rival's stripped titles. In February 2012, he was stripped of his 3rd-place finish in the ], following doping allegations.<ref name="Ullrich-stripped 3rd">{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/wire?section=cycling&id=7557582|title=Ullrich stripped of 3rd-place finish at 2005 Tour|work=]|publisher=]|date=February 9, 2012|accessdate=October 14, 2013}}</ref> In June 2013, he admitted to '']'' magazine that he had received blood treatments from ] doctor ].<ref name="Ullrich-Armstrong titles return 2">{{cite news|url=http://espn.go.com/sports/endurance/story/_/id/9527824/jan-ullrich-says-lance-armstrong-get-tour-de-france-titles-back|title=Jan Ullrich supports Lance|work=]|publisher=]|date=August 1, 2013|accessdate=October 11, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ==Outside of cycling== | |||
| In 1997, Armstrong founded the ], which supports people affected by cancer. The foundation raises awareness of cancer and has raised<ref name="It's not about the lab rats"/> more than $325 million from the sale of yellow ].<ref name="Doping scandal may hurt Lance Armstrong foundation"/> During his first retirement beginning after the 2005 season, he also maintained other interests. He was the ] of the ] for the ]. | |||
| In 2007, Armstrong with ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] founded ], a charity that helps professional athletes become involved in charitable causes and aims to inspire non-athletes to volunteer and support the community.<ref name="Athletes for Hope"/> | |||
| In August 2009, Armstrong headlined the inaugural charity ride "Pelotonia" in Columbus, Ohio, riding over 100 miles on Saturday with the large group of cyclists. He addressed the riders the Friday evening before the two-day ride and helped the ride raise millions for cancer research.<ref name="Cyclists hit the streets for second Pelotonia Tour"/> | |||
| ===Marathons=== | |||
| Armstrong ran the 2006 ] with two friends. He assembled a pace team of ], ], and ] to help him reach 3 hours. He finished in 2h 59m 36s, in 856th place. He said the race was extremely difficult compared to the Tour de France.<ref name="Lance Armstrong: A Classic Case of Too Much, Too Soon?"/> The NYC Marathon had a dedicated camera on Armstrong throughout the event which, according to Armstrong, pushed him to continue through points in which he would have normally "stopped and stretched".<ref name="thefinalsprint"/> He also helped raise $600,000 for his ] campaign during the run. | |||
| Armstrong ran the 2007 NYC Marathon in 2h 46m 43s, finishing 232nd.<ref name="Results – The ING New York City Marathon"/> On April 21, 2008, he ran the ] in 2h 50m 58s, finishing in the top 500.<ref name="No pedals, he showed his mettle"/> | |||
| ===Triathlon=== | |||
| Armstrong made his return to triathlon in the inaugural Ironman 70.3 Panama race, on February 12, 2012. He raced in the professional category, finishing with a time of 3:50:55, second overall to Bevan Docherty.<ref name="Docherty steals victory from Lance Armstrong"/> Armstrong's splits were 19:22 for the 1.2-mile swim, 2:10:18 for the 56-mile bike ride, and 1:17:01 for the 13.1-mile run.<ref name="Lance Armstrong7"/> He also entered half-Ironman distance races in Texas (7th)<ref name="Lance Armstrong surrenders lead, finishes seventh in Memorial Hermann Ironman 70.3 Texas triathlon"/> and St. Croix (3rd)<ref name="Potts And Naeth Win Ironman 70.3 St. Croix, Armstrong Third"/> before breaking through with victories at Ironman 70.3 Florida and Ironman 70.3 Hawaii in overall times of 3:45:38<ref name="Lance Armstrong wins Ironman 70.3 in Florida"/> and 3:50:58,<ref name="Armstrong, Corbin Set Course Records At 70.3 Hawaii"/> respectively. | |||
| ===Post-cycling=== | |||
| In June 2013, Armstrong participated in the non-competitive ] (RAGBRAI).<ref>http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/07/23/3516307/lance-armstrong-finds-support.html</ref> | |||
| ==Business and investments== | |||
| Armstrong owns a coffee shop in downtown Austin, Texas called "Juan Pelota Cafe". The name is a joking reference to his testicular cancer, with the name "Juan" being considered by some a ] for "one" and "Pelota" being the Spanish word for "ball".<ref name="pelota"/> Out of the same building, Armstrong owns and operates a bike shop named "Mellow Johnny’s", after another nickname of his derived from the Tour term "]", which is French for "yellow jersey".<ref name="armstrong"/> | |||
| In 2001, Armstrong provided funding to launch ], a non-profit organization in Austin, Texas that provides counseling and support for children who have a parent with a serious or life-threatening disease.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tereshchuk|first=Julie|title=Melinda Garvey, Publisher|url=http://www.austinwomanmagazine.com/melinda-garvey-publisher|publisher=Austin Woman Magazine|accessdate=12 June 2013}}</ref> | |||
| In 2008 Armstrong bought several million dollars of stock in the American bicycle component manufacturer ], and has served as their technical advisor.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lattman|first=Peter|title=Lehman's a Fan of Lance|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122230356936173641.html|publisher=WJS|accessdate=2013-01-17}}</ref> SRAM bought those shares back from him in preparation for a public offering. | |||
| Armstrong also owns a small share of ].<ref>{{cite web|last=Frothingham|first=Steve|title=Sponsors drop Lance Armstrong|url=http://www.bicycleretailer.com/industry-news/2012/10/17/nike-drops-armstrong-who-steps-down-livestrong#.UPeup2c1uuo|publisher=bicycleretailer.com|accessdate=2013-01-17}}</ref> | |||
| ==Palmares== | |||
| {{Palmares start|3}} | |||
| ;1991 | |||
| : 1st ] Junior National Road Race Champion | |||
| ;1992 | |||
| : 1st Stage 6 ] | |||
| : 1st Stage 4a Vuelta a Galicia | |||
| : 1st Stage 2 Trittico Premondiale | |||
| : 1st First Union Grand Prix | |||
| : 1st Overall ] | |||
| ::1st Stage 2 | |||
| : 2nd ] | |||
| ;1993 | |||
| : 1st ] World Road Race Champion ] | |||
| : 1st ] US National Road Race Champion | |||
| : 1st Stage 8 ] | |||
| : 1st Overall Tour of America | |||
| : 1st ] | |||
| : 1st Thrift Drug Classic | |||
| : 1st Overall Kmart West Virginia Classic | |||
| ::1st Prologue & Stage 1 | |||
| : 2nd Overall ] | |||
| ::1st Stage 5 | |||
| : 3rd Overall ] | |||
| ::1st Stage 3 | |||
| ;1994 | |||
| : 1st Thrift Drug Classic | |||
| : 1st Stage 7 ] | |||
| : 2nd ] | |||
| : 2nd ] | |||
| ;1996 | |||
| : 1st Overall ] | |||
| ::1st Stages 2, 3b, 5, 6 & 12 | |||
| : 1st ] | |||
| : 2nd ] | |||
| : 2nd Overall ] | |||
| ;1998 | |||
| : 1st Sprint 56K Criterium | |||
| : 1st Overall ] | |||
| : 1st Overall ] | |||
| ::1st Stage 1 | |||
| : 1st ] | |||
| {{Hidden begin | |||
| |title = Voided results from August 1998 onward<ref name="uciban">{{cite web|url=http://www.uci.ch/Modules/ENews/ENewsDetails2011.asp?id=ODgzNA&MenuId=MTYzMDQ&LangId=1&BackLink=%2FTemplates%2FUCI%2FUCI8%2Flayout.asp%3FMenuID%3DMTYzMDQ%26LangId%3D1|title=The UCI recognises USADA decision in Armstrong case|date=October 22, 2012|work=UCI|accessdate=2012-10-22}}</ref> | |||
| |titlestyle = background:lightgrey;}} | |||
| <del> | |||
| :4th Overall ] | |||
| </del> | |||
| ;1999 | |||
| <del> | |||
| :1st ] ] | |||
| ::1st Prologue | |||
| ::1st Stages 8, 9 & 19 | |||
| : 1st Prologue ] | |||
| : 1st Stage 4 ] | |||
| : 1st Stage 4 ITT ] | |||
| : 2nd ]</del> | |||
| ;2000 | |||
| <del> | |||
| :1st ] ] | |||
| ::1st Stage 19 ITT | |||
| : 1st ] | |||
| : 1st ] | |||
| : 1st Stage 3 ITT ] | |||
| : 3rd ] Individual Time Trial ]</del> | |||
| ;2001 | |||
| <del> | |||
| :1st Overall ] ] | |||
| ::1st Stages 10, 11, 13 & 18 | |||
| : 1st Overall ] ] | |||
| ::1st Stages 1 & 8 | |||
| : 2nd ]</del> | |||
| ;2002 | |||
| <del> | |||
| :1st Overall ] ] | |||
| ::1st Prologue | |||
| ::1st Stages 11, 12 & 19 | |||
| : 1st Overall ] ] | |||
| ::1st Stage 6 | |||
| : 1st Overall ] | |||
| : 1st ]</del> | |||
| ;2003 | |||
| <del> | |||
| : 1st Overall ] ] | |||
| ::1st Stages 4 TTT & 15 | |||
| : 1st Overall ] ] | |||
| :: 1st Stage 3 ITT</del> | |||
| ;2004 | |||
| <del> | |||
| : 1st Overall ] ] | |||
| ::1st Stages 4 TTT, 13, 15, 16 ITT, 17 & 19 ITT | |||
| : 1st Overall ] | |||
| ::1st Stages 3 & 4 | |||
| : 1st Stage 5 ] | |||
| : 1st Stage 4 ITT ] | |||
| : 1st ]</del> | |||
| ;2005 | |||
| <del> | |||
| : 1st Overall ] ] | |||
| ::1st Stages 4 TTT & 20 ITT | |||
| : 1st ] Points Classification ]</del> | |||
| ;2008 | |||
| <del> | |||
| : 2nd ] | |||
| : 1st 12 Hours of Snowmass | |||
| : 1st Individual Time Trial Tour de Gruene | |||
| : 1st TTT Tour de Gruene</del> | |||
| ;2009 | |||
| <del> | |||
| : 1st ] | |||
| : 1st Colorado Pro Cross-Country Championships | |||
| : 1st Leadville Trail 100 Mountain Bike Race | |||
| : 2nd Overall ] | |||
| : 3rd Overall ] | |||
| ::1st Stage 4 TTT | |||
| : 11th Overall ]</del> | |||
| ;2010 | |||
| <del> | |||
| : 2nd Overall ] | |||
| : 3rd Overall ] | |||
| : 7th Overall ] | |||
| : 23rd Overall ]</del> | |||
| {{hidden end}} | |||
| ;Triathlon & Ironman | |||
| ;2011 | |||
| : 5th XTERRA USA Championships | |||
| ;2012 | |||
| : 1st ] Hawaii | |||
| : 1st Ironman 70.3 Florida | |||
| : 3rd Ironman 70.3 St. Croix | |||
| : 7th Ironman 70.3 Texas | |||
| : 2nd Ironman 70.3 Panama | |||
| : 2nd Power of Four Mountain Bike Race | |||
| {{Palmares end|3}} | |||
| ===Grand Tours overall classification results timeline=== | |||
| {| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="font-size: 95%; border: #aaa solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse;" | |||
| |- style="background:#eee;" | |||
| !Grand Tour | |||
| !1993 | |||
| !1994 | |||
| !1995 | |||
| !1996 | |||
| !1997 | |||
| !1998 | |||
| !1999 | |||
| !2000 | |||
| !2001 | |||
| !2002 | |||
| !2003 | |||
| !2004 | |||
| !2005 | |||
| !2009 | |||
| !2010 | |||
| |- align=center | |||
| | style="text-align:left; background:#efefef;"|] ''']''' | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |style="background:#dddff;"|] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |- align=center | |||
| | style="text-align:left; background:#efefef;"|] ''']''' | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |- align=center | |||
| | style="text-align:left; background:#efefef;"|] ''']''' | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |] | |||
| |} | |||
| <small>Withdrew = WD; Voided results <del>struck through</del></small>. | |||
| ==Documentary films== | |||
| * '']'' (2001), documentary | |||
| * '']'' (2013), documentary | |||
| ==Filmography== | |||
| Armstrong appeared as himself in the following films: | |||
| * '']'' (2004), cameo appearance | |||
| * '']'' (2006), cameo appearance | |||
| ==Accolades== | |||
| * ] (USOC) SportsMan of the Year (1999, 2001, 2002, 2003)<ref name="USOC Athletes of the Year"/> | |||
| * ] Male ] (2002, 2003, 2004, 2005)<ref name="AP Male Athlete of the Year"/> | |||
| * World's Most Outstanding Athlete Award, ] International Trophy (2000)<ref name="PLUS: AWARDS; Armstrong Wins Owens Trophy"/><ref name="Mayor Giuliani Welcomes Stuart Rankin, Grandson Of Jesse Owens, To City Hall"/> | |||
| * ] Sportsman of the Year (2003)<ref name="First Edition Cycling News for December 22, 2003"/> | |||
| * ] in Sports (2000)<ref name="Prince Of Asturias Awards"/> | |||
| * Sports Ethics Fellows by the Institute for International Sport (2003)<ref name="2003 Sports Ethics Fellows"/> | |||
| * '']'' Award by ''Velo'' magazine in France (1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004)<ref name="VELO D'OR MONDIAL"/> | |||
| * ''Mendrisio d'Or'' Award in Switzerland (1999){{importance-inline}}<ref name="Laureati del Mendrisio d'Oro e d'Argento dal 1972 al 2010"/> | |||
| * ''Premio Coppi-Bici d'Oro'' Trophy by the ] foundation in conjunction with ] (1999, 2000) | |||
| * ''Marca Legend'' Award by ], a Spanish sports daily in Madrid (2004) | |||
| * ] for Best Male Athlete (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006) | |||
| * ESPY Award for GMC Professional Grade Play Award (2005) | |||
| * ESPY Award for Best Comeback Athlete (2000) | |||
| * ESPN/Intersport's ''ARETE Award'' for Courage in Sport (Professional Division) (1999)<ref name="Payton Epitomized Courage"/> | |||
| * ]'s ] Athlete of the Year (1999) | |||
| * Favorite Athlete award at ] (])<ref name="All Winners"/> | |||
| * Presidential Delegation to the ]<ref name="President Announces Delegation to Winter Olympics"/> | |||
| * '']'' magazine's ] (2002)<ref name="Tour de Lance"/> | |||
| * VeloNews magazine's International Cyclist of the Year (2000, 2001, 2003, 2004) | |||
| * VeloNews magazine's North American Male Cyclist of the Year (1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2002, 2005) | |||
| * ]: '']'' (2000)<ref name="Previous William Hill Sportsbook of the Year Winners"/> | |||
| * Triathlon magazine's Rookie of the Year (1988) | |||
| * Pace car driver for the Indianapolis 500 (2006)<ref name="Indy 500 Pace Cars"/><ref name="Sources: Lance Armstrong To Drive Indy 500 Pace Car"/> | |||
| * An asteroid, 1994 JE<sub>9</sub> was named ] in honor of him.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=12373|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser|work=NASA|publisher=|date=May 11, 2009|accessdate=2012-11-30}}</ref> | |||
| * Six-mile Lance Armstrong Bikeway through downtown ], built by the city of Austin at a cost of $3.2 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statesman.com/news/news/local/what-do-we-do-about-the-lance-armstrong-bikeway-1/nRNjD/ |title=What do we do about the Lance Armstrong Bikeway? |publisher=Statesman.com |date=2012-08-26 |accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Parker |first=Richard |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/26/opinion/can-austin-keep-itself-weird.html |title=Can Austin Keep Itself Weird? (New York Times) |location=Austin (Tex) |publisher=Nytimes.com |date=2012-10-25 |accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=August 24, 2012 |url=http://digitaltexan.net/2012/austin-local-news/austin-loves-dopers-lance-armstrong-bikeway/article39122/ |title=What happens to the Lance Armstrong Bikeway? |publisher=Digitaltexan.net |date=2012-08-24 |accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref> | |||
| * Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias Courage Award presented by the ] (1999)<ref name="asama"/> | |||
| * Samuel S. Beard Award for Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under, an award given out annually by ] (2001)<ref>http://www.jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national</ref> | |||
| '''Rescinded awards''' | |||
| * ] Award (2003)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espnstar.com/other-sports/news/detail/item909987/ |title=Other Sports | Armstrong stripped of BBC prize |publisher=Espnstar.Com |date=2012-12-17 |accessdate=2013-01-19}}</ref> | |||
| * Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, ] (2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/university-rescinds-honorary-degree-awarded-lance-armstrong_663723.html |title=University Rescinds Honorary Degree Awarded to Lance Armstrong |publisher=The Weekly Standard |date=2012-11-20 |accessdate=2013-01-19}}</ref> | |||
| * Key to the city of ], the capital of ] (2012)<ref>{{cite news|last=Higgins |first=Alice |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/adelaide-lord-mayor-stephen-yarwood-says-lance-armstrong-can-keep-keys-to-city/story-e6frg6n6-1226501860714 |title=Adelaide Lord Mayor Stephen Yarwood says Lance Armstrong can keep keys to the city |publisher=] |date=2012-10-23 |accessdate=2013-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/sport/more-sport/lance-armstrong-loses-key-to-city-of-adelaide/story-fndukor0-1226507115747 |title=Lance Armstrong loses Keys to City of Adelaide|publisher=] |date=2012-10-31 |accessdate=2013-01-03}}</ref> | |||
| * ] Winner (2003)<ref>http://www.laureus.com/search/node/lance%20armstrong</ref> | |||
| * ] Winner (2000) | |||
| * ] Nominated (2002,2004,2005,2006) | |||
| * ] Nominated (2010) | |||
| * Trophee de L'Academie des Sport (2004)<ref name="Grand Prix De L'Académie Des Sports"/><ref>http://www.academie-sports.com/prix/grand-prix-academie-sports-prix-serge-kampf</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{Portal|Cycling}} | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist|30em|refs= | |||
| <ref name="2 Ex-Teammates of Cycling Star Admit Drug Use">{{cite news|title=2 Ex-Teammates of Cycling Star Admit Drug Use|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/12/sports/othersports/12cycling.html| author=Juliet Macur|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 12, 2006|accessdate=2010-10-20}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="2003 Sports Ethics Fellows">{{cite web|url=http://www.internationalsport.org/nsd/past-fellows-2003.cfm|title=2003 Sports Ethics Fellows|accessdate=2012-08-27|author=Institute for International Sport}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="pelota">{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/05/juan-pelota-lance-armstrong-coffee_n_1943828.html|title=Juan Pelota: Lance Armstrong's Austin Coffee Shop More Than Just A Pun|accessdate=2013-01-19|author=Ryan Grenoble}}</ref> | |||
| <!-- <ref name="2006 Commencement Address">{{cite web|url=http://www.tufts.edu/home/feature/?p=commencement2006&p2=2|title=2006 Commencement Address|accessdate=2012-08-28|date=May 21, 2006|publisher=Tufts University}}</ref> --> | |||
| <ref name="AFP: No comment on Armstrong from US cycling, anti-doping groups">{{cite news|author=Aug 23, 2005 |url=http://www.mywire.com/pubs/AFP/2005/08/23/977278?&pbl=27 |title=AFP: No comment on Armstrong from US cycling, anti-doping groups |publisher=MyWire |date=August 23, 2005 |accessdate=2010-07-17}}{{dead link|date=September 2012}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="All Winners">{{cite web|url=http://www.nick.com/kids-choice-awards/all-winners/|title=All Winners – Kids' Choice Awards|accessdate=2012-08-27|publisher=Viacom International Inc.}}{{dead link|date=January 2013}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Ancestry of Lance Armstrong">{{cite web|url=http://www.wargs.com/other/armstrongl.html |title=Ancestry of Lance Armstrong |publisher=Wargs.com |date= |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Andy Shen">{{cite web|url=http://velocitynation.com/content/interviews/2009/michael-ashenden|accessdate=2009-06-24|title=Interviews – Michael Ashenden|publisher=Velocity Nation|date=February 4, 2009|first=Andy|last=Shen}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="AP Male Athlete of the Year">{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/2007-12-21-2365825514_x.htm|title=AP Male Athlete of the Year|date=December 21, 2007|publisher= Gannett Co. Inc.}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong Acknowledges Cancer Battle">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/09/sports/armstrong-acknowledges-cancer-battle.html |title=Armstrong Acknowledges Cancer Battle |work=The New York Times |author=Samuel Abt |date=October 9, 1996 |accessdate=2012-01-27}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong asks Austin court to sanction his former assistant">{{cite web | url=http://www.statesman.com/sports/content/shared/sports/tourdefrance/2005/2lancesuit.html | title=Armstrong asks Austin court to sanction his former assistant | publisher=Austin Statesman-American | date=April 2, 2005 | author=Halliburton, Suzanne|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20051202031923/http://www.statesman.com/sports/content/shared/sports/tourdefrance/2005/2lancesuit.html |archivedate=2005-12-02}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong breaks his collarbone">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/7959765.stm|title=Armstrong breaks his collarbone |date=March 23, 2009 |publisher=BBC News Online |accessdate=2009-03-23}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong cleared in drug inquiry">{{cite news | title = Armstrong cleared in drug inquiry |publisher=BBC | date = May 31, 2006 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/5033672.stm | accessdate =2008-01-09}}</ref> | |||
| <!-- <ref name="Armstrong faces legal marathon">{{cite news|author=William Fotheringham |url=http://sport.guardian.co.uk/tourdefrance2005/story/0,,1536208,00.html |title=Armstrong faces legal marathon |publisher=Sport.guardian.co.uk |date= July 26, 2005|accessdate=2010-07-17 | location=London}}</ref> --> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong issues statement">{{cite web | url=http://www.velonews.com/news/fea/10091.0.html | title=Armstrong issues statement | publisher=VeloNews | date=June 23, 2006 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20060705034015/http://www.velonews.com/news/fea/10091.0.html |archivedate = 2006-07-05}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong just misses Tour lead">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/8138996.stm|title=Armstrong just misses Tour lead |date=July 7, 2009|publisher=BBC News Online |accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong outraged by French misbehaviour claims">{{Cite news | title = Armstrong outraged by French misbehaviour claims | agency=] | date = April 7, 2009 | url = http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gpWQTJmkqpByIaAMzL_-ZAO8qiKg | accessdate =2009-09-28 | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong Retires From Cycling">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/17/sports/17armstrong.html|title=Armstrong Retires From Cycling|date=February 16, 2011|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2011-02-16|first=Juliet|last=Macur}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong retires... – Event news">{{cite web|url=http://www.roadcyclinguk.com/event-news/armstrong-retires/576.html |title=Armstrong retires... – Event news |publisher=RoadCyclingUK |accessdate=2010-07-17}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong rounds on critics over drugs storm">{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/article451832.ece |work=The Times | location=London | title=Armstrong rounds on critics over drugs storm | first=Jeremy | last=Whittle | date=July 1, 2004 | accessdate=2010-05-07}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong rules out political career... for now">{{cite web | url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2005/08/news/armstrong-rules-out-political-career-for-now_8694 | title=Armstrong rules out political career... for now | publisher=VeloNews via Agence France Presse | date=August 14, 2005 | accessdate=2012-07-23}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong Says He Will Return for 2010">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/22/sports/cycling/22tour.html |title=Armstrong Says He Will Return for 2010 |date=July 21, 2009|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2009-07-22 | first=Juliet | last=Macur}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong to return from injury">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/cycling/8023662.stm|title=Armstrong to return from injury |date=April 28, 2009|publisher=BBC News Online |accessdate=2009-04-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong, Best of His Time, Now With an Asterisk">{{cite news |work = The New York Times | author = George Vecsey |url = http://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/sports/cycling/armstrong-best-of-his-time-now-with-an-asterisk-george-vecsey.html?pagewanted=all |title = Armstrong, Best of His Time, Now With an Asterisk |accessdate =2012-09-11 | date=August 24, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Armstrong, Corbin Set Course Records At 70.3 Hawaii">{{cite web|url=http://triathlete-europe.competitor.com/2012/06/02/armstrong-corbin-set-course-records-at-70-3-hawaii/?utm_medium=whats-hot |title=Armstrong, Corbin Set Course Records At 70.3 Hawaii|accessdate=2012-06-02}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="armstrong">Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: ''Every Second Counts'', Chapter 1, (ISBN 0-385-50871-9), Broadway Books 2003.</ref> | |||
| <ref name="asama">{{cite web|url=http://www.asama.org/awards-of-sport/medallion-series/courage/|accessdate=2012-08-28|title=Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias Courage Award}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="associated">], "Lance has suspicious ties: source", '']'', April 17, 2011, p. 17.</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Athletes for Hope">{{cite web|url=http://www.athletesforhope.org/ |title=Athletes for Hope |publisher=Athletes for Hope |accessdate=2010-07-17}}</ref> | |||
| <!-- | |||
| <ref name="Awards 2000">{{cite web|title=Awards 2000|publisher= Laureus World Sports Awards Ltd.|accessdate=2012-08-26|url=http://www.laureus.com/awards/2003}}</ref>--> | |||
| <!-- | |||
| <ref name="Awards 2003">{{cite web|title=Awards 2003|publisher= Laureus World Sports Awards Ltd.|accessdate=2012-08-26|url=http://www.laureus.com/awards/2000}}</ref>--> | |||
| <ref name="azcentral">] via ], .</ref> | |||
| <ref name="b5z">{{dead link|date=January 2013}}, ] file</ref> | |||
| <ref name="BBC-UCI">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/20008520|title=Lance Armstrong: Governing body strips American of Tour wins|date=October 22, 2012|work=BBC News|accessdate=2012-10-22}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="bbcforgood">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/9399280.stm|title=Lance Armstrong confirms retirement from cycling|publisher=BBC News Online |date=February 16, 2011|accessdate=2011-02-16}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Bike Friendly Oak Cliff: BFOC interviews Lance Armstrong's mom, Linda Armstrong Kelly">{{cite web|url=http://bikefriendlyoc.wordpress.com/2009/07/20/bfoc-interviews-lance-armstrongs-mom-linda-armstrong-kelly/ |title=Bike Friendly Oak Cliff: BFOC interviews Lance Armstrong's mom, Linda Armstrong Kelly |publisher=bikefriendlyoc.wordpress.com |date=July 20, 2009 |accessdate=2011-01-08}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Breaking Away: Lance Armstrong of the U.S. is the world cycling champ. Now he's going for an even bigger prize.">{{cite news|title=Breaking Away: Lance Armstrong of the U.S. is the world cycling champ. Now he's going for an even bigger prize. |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1005369/2/index.htm|work=Sports Illustrated | date=July 4, 1994}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Breaking Away">{{cite web | title = Breaking Away | work=] | month = July | year = 2005 | url = http://outsideonline.com/outside/features/200507/lance-armstrong-interview-3.html | accessdate =2008-01-09}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="California Western School of Law">{{cite web | title = California Western Alumni Professional News | publisher=California Western School of Law | url = http://www.cwsl.edu/main/default.asp?nav=alumni.asp&body=alumni/AlumProfessionalNews.asp | accessdate =2008-01-09}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Can this bike ride be Bush's tour de force?">{{cite news | first = Tom | last = Baldwin | title = Can this bike ride be Bush's tour de force? |work=The Times |location=UK | date = August 18, 2005 | url = http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,11069-1739689,00.html | accessdate =2008-01-09 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Cancer survivor Armstrong accepts new role">{{cite news | first = Sal | last = Ruibal | title = Cancer survivor Armstrong accepts new role |work=USA Today | date = May 22, 2002 | url = http://www.usatoday.com/sports/cycling/2002-05-22-cover-armstrong.htm | accessdate =2008-01-09}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="CCRA Leadership Team">{{cite web|url=http://californiansforacure.org/supporters/steering_committee |title=CCRA Leadership Team |publisher=Californiansforacure.org |date= |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="cited">Cited, ''L'Équipe'', July 17, 1999.</ref> | |||
| <ref name="cloudy">{{cite news | title = Armstrong attempts to quell dispute over Hill Country swimming hole | agency=Associated Press | date = October 25, 2006 | url = http://www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2006/10/25/StateLocal/Armstrong.Attempts.To.Quell.Dispute.Over.Hill.Country.Swimming.Hole-2400001.shtml?norewrite200610251211&sourcedomain=www.dailytexanonline.com | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070930211635/http://www.dailytexanonline.com/media/storage/paper410/news/2006/10/25/StateLocal/Armstrong.Attempts.To.Quell.Dispute.Over.Hill.Country.Swimming.Hole-2400001.shtml?norewrite200610251211&sourcedomain=www.dailytexanonline.com | archivedate = 2007-09-30 | accessdate =2006-10-25}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="cnn"> CNN.com, December 23, 2008</ref> | |||
| <ref name="cnn5">Frieden, Terry, "", ], February 3, 2012.</ref> | |||
| <ref name="coming out">{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/topstories/2008-09-09-2518014136_x.htm |title=Armstrong coming out of retirement for Tour |work=USA Today |agency = Associated Press |date=September 10, 2008|author = Vertuno, Jim | accessdate=2012-07-23 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="competitor">{{cite web|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2010/06/news/armstrong-this-will-be-my-final-tour_123714 |title=VeloNews.com – Lance Armstrong: "This will be my final Tour de France" |publisher=Velonews.competitor.com |date=June 28, 2010 |accessdate=2010-07-17}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Contador wins Tour; Lance walks away">{{Cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/tdf2010/news/story?id=5408382|title=Contador wins Tour; Lance walks away|date=July 25, 2010|publisher=]|accessdate=2010-07-25}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Countdown to the Tour de France Jonathan Vaughters and his drugsfree team">{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/more_sport/cycling/article4232249.ece |work=The Times | location=London | title=Countdown to the Tour de France Jonathan Vaughters and his drugsfree team | first=Paul | last=Kimmage | date=June 29, 2008 | accessdate=2010-05-07}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="coxnewsweb">, by ''Mike Anderson'', March 31, 2005 – (warning: PDF-file, 2.8 MB)</ref> | |||
| <ref name="CYCLING; Overhauling Lance Armstrong">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/19/sports/cycling-overhauling-lance-armstrong.html|title= CYCLING; Overhauling Lance Armstrong | work=The New York Times | first=John | last=Markoff | date=April 19, 2004 | accessdate=2010-05-07}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Cyclingnews.com: Armstrong's 'F-One' group plots the hour">{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2005/jan05/jan27news |title=Cyclingnews.com: Armstrong's 'F-One' group plots the hour |publisher=Future Publishing Limited |accessdate=2010-07-17}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="cyclingnews">, 2003, Tim Maloney / Cyclingnews European Editor</ref> | |||
| <ref name="cyclismactu">"Lance Armstrong au Tour Down Under" – cyclismactu du October 24, 2010. Retrieved 2010-10-24</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Cyclists hit the streets for second Pelotonia Tour">{{cite web|last=Binkley|first=Collin|title=Cyclists hit the streets for second Pelotonia Tour|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2010/08/21/pelotonia-2010.html|publisher=The Columbus Dispatch|accessdate=2011-12-17}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Docherty steals victory from Lance Armstrong">{{cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=10785234 |title=Docherty steals victory from Lance Armstrong|work=The New Zealand Herald|accessdate=2010-02-12}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Doping scandal may hurt Lance Armstrong foundation">{{cite news | url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/38540813/ns/40462050 | title=Doping scandal may hurt Lance Armstrong foundation | publisher=msnbc.com | agency = ] | date=August 3, 2010 | accessdate=2012-07-23 | author=Fredrix, Emily and Liedtke, Michael}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="espn-radioshack">{{cite news|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/tdf2009/news/story?id=4349772|title=Source: Lance's team lands sponsor |date=July 23, 2009 |publisher=]|first=Bonnie|last=Ford|accessdate=2009-07-23}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Evidence of a banned substance?">{{cite web | url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/la-070806-sp-armstrong-g,0,1296880.graphic | title=Evidence of a banned substance? | work=] | date=July 8, 2006 | accessdate=2012-07-23}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="FAQ: VO2 Max">{{cite web | title = FAQ: VO2 Max | publisher=Running for Fitness | url = http://www.runningforfitness.org/faq/vo2.php | accessdate=2009-02-23}}{{dead link|date=January 2013}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="First Edition Cycling News for December 22, 2003">{{cite web|url=http://autobus.cyclingnews.com/news.php?id=news/2003/dec03/dec22news|title=First Edition Cycling News for December 22, 2003|author= Jeff Jones|publisher= Knapp Communications Pty Limited|date=December 22, 2003|accessdate=2012-08-30}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Grand Prix De L'Académie Des Sports">{{cite web|url=http://www.academie-sports.com/prix/grand-prix-academie-sports-prix-serge-kampf|title=Grand Prix De L'Académie Des Sports – Prix Serge Kampf|publisher=LMC France|author=Academie des Sports|accessdate=2012-08-27}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="guardian"> ]</ref> | |||
| <ref name="guardian2">{{cite news|url=http://sport.guardian.co.uk/tourdefrance2006/story/0,,1810152,00.html |title=''The Guardian'' |publisher=Sport.guardian.co.uk |date= July 1, 2006|accessdate=2010-07-17 | location=London}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="How Fast Could Lance Armstrong Run a Marathon?">{{cite web | title = How Fast Could Lance Armstrong Run a Marathon? | publisher=Runner's World | date = September 29, 2006 | url = http://www.runnersworld.com/article/0,7120,s6-243-297--10401-0,00.html | accessdate=2009-02-23}}</ref> | |||
| <!--Unused | |||
| <ref name="I'm Not the Next Greg LeMond. I'm the First Lance Armstrong.">{{cite web | first = Todd | last = Balf |title = I'm Not the Next Greg LeMond. I'm the First Lance Armstrong. | work=] | month = July | year = 1994 | url = http://outsideonline.com/magazine/0794/947flanc_2.html | accessdate =2008-01-09}}{{dead link|date=January 2013}}</ref>--> | |||
| <ref name="Index of Lance Armstrong doping allegations over the years">{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/index-of-lance-armstrong-doping-allegations-over-the-years|title=Index of Lance Armstrong doping allegations over the years|first=Laura|last=Weislo|date=August 23, 2012|accessdate=2012-08-24|work=Cyclingnews|publisher=Future Publishing Limited}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Indy 500 Pace Cars">{{cite web|url=http://indymotorspeedway.com/v1/500pace.htm|accessdate=2012-08-26|title=Indy 500 Pace Cars|publisher=IndySpeedway.com }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="It's not about the lab rats">{{cite web|url=http://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/athletes/lance-armstrong/Its-Not-About-the-Lab-Rats.html?page=all |title=It's not about the lab rats |first=Bill |last=Gifford | date=January 5, 2012|publisher=Outside Online}}</ref> | |||
| <!-- <ref name="Judge dismisses Lance Armstrong's suit, says he can refile">{{cite web|title=Judge dismisses Lance Armstrong's suit, says he can refile|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/cycling/story/2012-07-09/lance-armstrong-lawsuit-usada-doping-case/56109090/1|work=USA Today|accessdate=2012-07-09}}</ref> --> | |||
| <ref name="L'EQUIPE.FR Cyclisme – CYCLISME – Affaire Armstrong">{{cite web|url=http://www.lequipe.fr/Cyclisme/DOPAGE_ARMSTRONG.html |title=L'EQUIPE.FR Cyclisme – CYCLISME – Affaire Armstrong |work=L'Équipe |location=France |accessdate=2010-07-17}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong cleared by French anti-doping agency">{{cite web | url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/lancearmstrong/5216143/Lance-Armstrong-cleared-by-French-anti-doping-agency.html | title=Lance Armstrong cleared by French anti-doping agency | work=The Telegraph | date=April 25, 2009 | accessdate=2012-07-23 | author=Clive, Oliver}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong given the all clear from UCI for Tour Down Under comeback">{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/lancearmstrong/3160482/UCI-grant-Lance-Armstrong-the-all-clear-for-Tour-Down-Under-comeback-Cycling.html |title=Lance Armstrong given the all clear from UCI for Tour Down Under comeback |publisher=The Telegraph |date=October 8, 2008 |location=London}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong heading to local hospital after crash outside of Visalia">{{cite web|url=http://www.visaliatimesdelta.com/article/20100520/NEWS01/100520013/Lance-Armstrong-heading-to-local-hospital-after-crash-outside-of-Visalia|title=Lance Armstrong heading to local hospital after crash outside of Visalia |date=May 20, 2010|accessdate=2010-05-20|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20100523062339/http://www.visaliatimesdelta.com/article/20100520/NEWS01/100520013/Lance-Armstrong-heading-to-local-hospital-after-crash-outside-of-Visalia|archivedate=2010-05-23}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong settles lawsuit with former assistant">{{cite web | url=http://www.statesman.com/search/content/sports/stories/other/11/5lance.html | title=Lance Armstrong settles lawsuit with former assistant | publisher=Austin American-Statesman | date=November 5, 2005 | author=Kreytak, Steven|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070920204400/http://www.statesman.com/search/content/sports/stories/other/11/5lance.html|archivedate=2007-09-20}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong surrenders lead, finishes seventh in Memorial Hermann Ironman 70.3 Texas triathlon">{{cite web|url=http://www.chron.com/sports/cycling/article/Lance-Armstrong-surrenders-lead-finishes-seventh-3451071.php |title=Lance Armstrong surrenders lead, finishes seventh in Memorial Hermann Ironman 70.3 Texas triathlon|work=The Houston Chronicle|accessdate=2012-04-03}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong wins Ironman 70.3 in Florida">{{cite web|url=http://www.usatoday.com/sports/cycling/story/2012-05-20/lance-armstrong-wins-triathlon/55094568/1 |title=Lance Armstrong wins Ironman 70.3 in Florida|work=USA Today|accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: ''It's Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life'' (ISBN 0-425-17961-3), Putnam 2000">Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: ''It's Not About the Bike: My Journey Back to Life'' (ISBN 0-425-17961-3), Putnam 2000.</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong: A Classic Case of Too Much, Too Soon?">{{cite news|url=http://www.thefinalsprint.com/2007/01/a-classic-case-of-too-much-too-soon/|title=Lance Armstrong: A Classic Case of Too Much, Too Soon?|publisher=TheFinalSprint.com|date=January 7, 2007|accessdate=2009-09-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong: the whistleblowers">{{cite web|author=Conal Urquhart and David Walsh |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/aug/26/lance-armstrong-doping-whistleblowers |title=Lance Armstrong: the whistleblowers |work=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=2012-08-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18655970|title=Lance Armstrong |accessdate=2012-06-30}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance Armstrong7">{{cite web|url=http://tracking.ironmanlive.com/newathlete.php?rid=1143239874&race=/events/ironman70.3/panama70.3/&bib=24&beta= |title=Lance Armstrong|publisher=ironman.com|accessdate=2010-02-12}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Lance to Drug Tester: Your Papers, Please">{{Cite news | last = Albergotti | first = Reed | title = Lance to Drug Tester: Your Papers, Please | newspaper=The Wall Street Journal | date = April 8, 2009 | url = http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123915747307299985.html | postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="LanceArmstrong.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.lancearmstrong.com/|publisher=LanceArmstrong.com (located under "Bio" section)|title=LanceArmstrong.com}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Laureati del Mendrisio d'Oro e d'Argento dal 1972 al 2010">{{cite web|url=http://vcmendrisio.ch/site/?page_id=62|title=Laureati del Mendrisio d'Oro e d'Argento dal 1972 al 2010|publisher=Velo Club Mendriso|accessdate=2012-08-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Le coup de blues de Christophe Bassons – l'Humanite">{{cite web|url=http://www.humanite.fr/node/379945 |title=Le coup de blues de Christophe Bassons – l'Humanite |publisher=Humanite.fr |date=July 17, 1999 |accessdate=2012-07-23}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Litke: Suspicion Remains Lance's Opponent">{{cite web | url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2005/08/news/litke-suspicion-remains-lances-opponent_8749 | title=Litke: Suspicion Remains Lance's Opponent | publisher=VeloNews | date=August 24, 2005 | accessdate=2012-07-23 | author=Litke, Jim}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Max2006">{{cite news | first = Arthur | last = Max | title = Report Exonorates Armstrong of Doping | agency=Associated Press | work=San Francisco Chronicle | date = May 31, 2006 | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2006/05/31/sports/s045357D78.DTL | accessdate =2008-01-09 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071228170310/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2006/05/31/sports/s045357D78.DTL&type=health |archivedate = 2007-12-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Mayor Giuliani Welcomes Stuart Rankin, Grandson Of Jesse Owens, To City Hall">{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/html/2000a/pr046-00.html|title=Mayor Giuliani Welcomes Stuart Rankin, Grandson Of Jesse Owens, To City Hall|accessdate=2012-08-27|date=February 9, 2000}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="No pedals, he showed his mettle">{{cite news | url=http://www.boston.com/sports/specials/marathon/articles/2008/04/22/no_pedals_he_showed_his_mettle/ | title=No pedals, he showed his mettle | work=The Boston Globe | date=April 22, 2008 | accessdate=2012-07-23 | author=Vega, Michael}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="npr.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5508863 |title=Ex-Friends Say Armstrong Admitted Drug Use |publisher=Npr.org |accessdate=2010-07-17}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Papers charge Armstrong admitted doping">{{cite web | url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2006/06/news/papers-charge-armstrong-admitted-doping_10088 | title=Papers charge Armstrong admitted doping | publisher=VeloNews | date=June 23, 2006 | accessdate=2012-07-23}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Papers: Lance had steroid in home">{{cite web | url=http://www.statesman.com/sports/content/shared/sports/tourdefrance/2005/040105lance.html | title=Papers: Lance had steroid in home | publisher=Austin American Statesman | date=April 1, 2005 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20051203160602/http://www.statesman.com/sports/content/shared/sports/tourdefrance/2005/040105lance.html |archivedate= 2005-12-03 | author=Halliburton, Suzanne}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Payton Epitomized Courage">{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1999-11-02/sports/9911020068_1_connie-payton-payton-teammate-sports-awards|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|title=Payton Epitomized Courage|author=Fred Mitchell|date=November 2, 1999|accessdate=2012-08-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="performance">The Lance Armstrong Performance Program ISBN 1-57954-270-0</ref> | |||
| <ref name="PLUS: AWARDS; Armstrong Wins Owens Trophy">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/19/sports/plus-awards-armstrong-wins-owens-trophy.html|title=PLUS: AWARDS; Armstrong Wins Owens Trophy|date=January 19, 2000|accessdate=2012-08-27|work=The New York Times}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Potts And Naeth Win Ironman 70.3 St. Croix, Armstrong Third">{{cite web|url=http://triathlon.competitor.com/2012/05/news/potts-wins-ironman-70-3-st-croix-armstrong-third_52960 |title=Potts And Naeth Win Ironman 70.3 St. Croix, Armstrong Third|publisher=Triathlete.com|accessdate=2012-05-06}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Pound Stunned By Attack">{{cite news |publisher = BBC News Online |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/cycling/3535573.stm |title = Pound Stunned By Attack |accessdate =2006-08-12 | date=March 5, 2004}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="President Announces Delegation to Winter Olympics">{{cite press release|url=http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/02/20020208.html|title=President Announces Delegation to Winter Olympics|date=February 8, 2002 |publisher=]|accessdate=2007-09-22}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Previous William Hill Sportsbook of the Year Winners">{{cite web |url=http://www.williamhillmedia.com/index.php/sports-book-previous-winners |title=Sports Book : Previous Winners |accessdate=2013-08-25 |publisher=William Hill Press Office |quote=2000 Winner: It's Not About The Bike — Lance Armstrong }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Prince Of Asturias Awards">{{cite web|url=http://www.fpa.es/en/tratarAplicacionPremiado.do?paginaActual=2&idCategoria=6|title=Prince Of Asturias Awards|accessdate=2012-08-27|publisher=Prince Of Asturias Foundation}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Prop 29 – The California Cancer Research Act">{{cite web|url=http://californiansforacure.org/facts/summary |title=Prop 29 – The California Cancer Research Act |publisher=Californiansforacure.org |date= |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> | |||
| <!-- <ref name="Prosecutors close Armstrong inquiry, no charges">{{cite web|url=http://customwire.ap.org/dynamic/stories/C/CYC_DOPING_ARMSTRONG|title=Prosecutors close Armstrong inquiry, no charges|accessdate=2012-02-03}}</ref> --> | |||
| <ref name="Results – The ING New York City Marathon">{{cite web|author=Jud Santos |url=http://www.nycmarathon.org/results/index.php |title=Results – The ING New York City Marathon |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=October 10, 2007 |accessdate=2010-07-17 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071010035518/http://www.nycmarathon.org/results/index.php |archivedate = 2007-10-10}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Scholten c.s. Advocaten">{{cite web | title = Independent Investigation — Analysis Samples from the 1999 Tour de France | publisher=Scholten c.s. Advocaten | work=VeloNews | url = http://www.velonews.com/media/report1999.pdf | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071201220747/http://www.velonews.com/media/report1999.pdf | archivedate = 2007-12-01 | format = PDF | accessdate =2008-01-09 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Serena got the message, now it's Lance's turn as French cheers become jeers for US stars">{{cite news|author=Peter Beaumont and Paul Webster in Paris |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,992329,00.html |title=Serena got the message, now it's Lance's turn as French cheers become jeers for US stars |work=The Observer |date= July 6, 2003|accessdate=2010-07-17 | location=London}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="societyns">{{cite web|url=http://www.societyns.org/society/bio.aspx?MemberID=12648 |title=The Society of Neurological Surgeons |publisher=Societyns.org |date= |accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Sources: Lance Armstrong To Drive Indy 500 Pace Car">{{cite web|url=http://www.theindychannel.com/sports/sources-lance-armstrong-to-drive-indy-500-pace-car|publisher=Scripps TV Station Group|title=Sources: Lance Armstrong To Drive Indy 500 Pace Car|date=March 15, 2006|accessdate=2012-08-26}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="sportunterricht">In his book "Every Second Counts" Armstrong casts doubt that Ullrich did, in fact, wait for him. He states that Ullrich only slowed when told to do so by other riders.{{cite web | title = Jan Ullrich wird zum "Ritter des Fair Play" (German for: Ullrich becomes "Knight of fairplay) | publisher=Fair play in Sports | url = http://www.sportunterricht.de/fairplay/janullrich03.html | accessdate=2007-03-05}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Stop strong-arm tactics">{{cite web | url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/stop-strong-arm-tactics-1-1395113 | title=Stop strong-arm tactics | publisher=Scotsman.com | date=June 20, 2004 | accessdate=2012-07-23}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="tdf">{{cite web|url=http://www.letour.fr/2009/TDF/RIDERS/us/coureurs/22.html |title=Tour de France 2009 - Rider -22- Lance ARMSTRONG |publisher=Letour.fr |date= |accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Team RadioShack 2010">{{cite web|url=http://teamradioshack.com/getready/|title=Team RadioShack 2010 |date=July 23, 2009|accessdate=2009-07-23}}{{dead link|date=January 2013}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="The possibility of tampering">{{cite web|url=http://velocitynation.com/content/interviews/2009/michael-ashenden |title=The possibility of tampering |publisher=Velocitynation.com |accessdate=2010-07-17}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="thefinalsprint">{{cite web|url=http://www.thefinalsprint.com/2006/11/watch-the-nyc-marathon-online-live-or-ondemand/|title=Watch the NYC Marathon ONLINE — Live or OnDemand!|publisher=TheFinalSprint.com|date=November 2, 2006|accessdate=2009-09-28}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="They bust the addicts but the dealers ride on">{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/columnists/paul_kimmage/article2159415.ece |work=The Times | location=London | title=They bust the addicts but the dealers ride on | first=Paul | last=Kimmage | date=July 29, 2007 | accessdate=2010-05-07}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="timesonline.co.uk">{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/more_sport/article5750574.ece |work=The Times | location=London | title=World in motion cycling divided by Paul Kimmage and Lance Armstrongs cancer row | date=February 17, 2009 | accessdate=2010-05-07 | first=Owen | last=Slot}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="timesonline1"> ]</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Tour de France winners and their average speeds">{{cite web|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2011/07/news/186088_186088 |title=Tour de France winners and their average speeds |publisher=Velonews.competitor.com |date=2011-07-24 |accessdate=2012-07-06}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Tour de Lance">{{cite web|title =Tour de Lance|author=Rick Reilly|work=Sports Illustrated|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1027723/index.htm }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="trail">{{cite news |url=http://articles.latimes.com/2006/jul/09/sports/sp-armstrong9 |title=Allegations Trail Armstrong Into Another Stage |last=Abrahamson |first=Alan |work=] |date=July 9, 2006 |accessdate=2012-07-23}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="twitter">. Twitter. Retrieved on 2013-07-18.</ref> | |||
| <!-- <ref name="U.S. Anti-Doping Agency says evidence against Lance Armstrong is 'overwhelming' and includes testimony from 15 teammates">{{cite web|last=O'KEEFFE|first=MICHAEL|title=U.S. Anti-Doping Agency says evidence against Lance Armstrong is 'overwhelming' and includes testimony from 15 teammates|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/usada-calls-evidence-lance-overwhelming-article-1.1179148?localLinksEnabled=false|publisher=The Daily News|accessdate=2012-10-10}}</ref> --> | |||
| <ref name="UCI report clears Armstrong">{{cite news | title = UCI report clears Armstrong | agency=Associated Press | work=VeloNews | date = May 31, 2006 | url = http://www.velonews.com/news/fea/9932.0.html | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071230103550/http://www.velonews.com/news/fea/9932.0.html | archivedate = 2007-12-30 | accessdate =2008-01-09 }}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="USOC Athletes of the Year">{{cite web|url=http://www.teamusa.org/About-the-USOC/Organization/Olympic-Movement/Olympic-Honors.aspx|title=USOC Athletes of the Year |accessdate=2012-08-30|publisher=United States Olympic Committee}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="VELO D'OR MONDIAL">{{cite web|url=http://www.velo-club.net/article_arch.php?sid=20213|title=VELO D'OR MONDIAL|publisher= Velo-club.net |accessdate=2012-08-26}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="VeloNews.com – Bruyneel confirms Armstrong will race classics">{{cite news|first=Andrew|last=Hood|url=http://velonews.competitor.com/2010/01/news/bruyneel-confirms-armstrong-will-race-classics_103190 |title=VeloNews.com – Bruyneel confirms Armstrong will race classics |publisher=Velonews.competitor.com |date=January 29, 2010 |accessdate=2010-07-17}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="velonews050823">{{cite web |last = VeloNews Interactive, with wire services |year = 2005 |url = http://velonews.competitor.com/2005/08/tour-de-france/lequipe-alleges-armstrong-samples-show-epo-use-in-99-tour_8740 |title = L'Equipe alleges Armstrong samples show EPO use in 99 Tour |publisher=Inside Communications |accessdate =2006-07-26}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="VO2 Max — a Measure of Athletic Fitness">{{cite web | title = VO2 Max — a Measure of Athletic Fitness |publisher=BBC | date = January 22, 2002 | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A660223 | accessdate=2006-08-13}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="Wassup, world? My name is...">{{cite web | first = Lance | last = Armstrong | title = Wassup, world? My name is... | publisher=Twitter| date = June 4, 2009 | url = http://twitter.com/lancearmstrong/status/2038590710 | accessdate =2009-06-06}}</ref> | |||
| <ref name="yahoo">{{dead link|date=July 2010}}</ref> | |||
| <!-- <ref name="youtube">{{cite web|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzTdj4sBB2U |title=BBC HARDtalk – Tyler Hamilton – Former professional cyclist (11/9/12)|publisher=Youtube.com |date=2012-09-18 |accessdate=2012-11-10}}</ref> --> | |||
| }} | |||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| * Reed Albergotti, Vanessa O'Connell: ]''(ISBN 978-1592408481), Gotham 2013. | |||
| * Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: '']'' (ISBN 0-425-17961-3), Putnam 2000. | |||
| * Lance Armstrong, Sally Jenkins: '']'' (ISBN 0-385-50871-9), Broadway Books 2003. | |||
| * Linda Armstrong Kelly, ]: ''No Mountain High Enough: Raising Lance, Raising Me'' (ISBN 0-7679-1855-X), Broadway Books 2002. | |||
| * Daniel Coyle: ''Lance Armstrong's War: One Man's Battle Against Fate, Fame, Love, Death, Scandal, and a Few Other Rivals on the Road to the Tour de France'' (ISBN 0-06-073497-3), Harper Collins 2005. | |||
| * Pierre Ballester, David Walsh: '']: Les secrets de Lance Armstrong'' (ISBN 2-84675-130-7), La Martinière {{fr icon}}. Various circumstantial evidence regarding Armstrong doping. | |||
| * Pierre Ballester, David Walsh: ''L.A. Officiel'' (ISBN 2-84675-204-4), La Martinière {{fr icon}}. | |||
| * Sharon Cook, Graciela Sholander: ''Dream It Do It: Inspiring Stories of Dreams Come True'' (ISBN 1-884587-30-5), Planning/Communications 2004. | |||
| * John Wilcockson: ''23 Days in July'' (ISBN 0-7195-6717-3), John Murray 2004. | |||
| * John Wilcockson: ''The 2005 Tour de France: The Last Chapter of the Armstrong Era'' (ISBN 1-931382-68-9), Velo Press 2005. | |||
| * John Wilcokson: ''LANCE: The Making of the World's Greatest Champion'' (ISBN 9780306815874), Da Capo Press 2009. | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Sisterlinks|wikt=no|voy=no|v=no|s=no|b=no|d=q2172|n=|species=no}} | |||
| * {{official website|http://www.lancearmstrong.com/}} | |||
| * | |||
| * {{cycling archives|300}} | |||
| * {{IMDb name|0035790|Lance Armstrong}} | |||
| * | |||
| *Kimmage, Paul. , ''The Sunday Times'', July 5, 2009. | |||
| * oprah.com | |||
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| {{succession box|title=]|before={{flagicon|GBR}} ] |after={{flagicon|USA}} ] |years=2000}} | |||
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| | before = ]<br />] | |||
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| | years = 1999<br />2001–2003 | |||
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| {{World Road Racing Champions}} | |||
| {{Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year navbox}} | |||
| {{SI Sportsman of the Year}} | |||
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| {{Authority control|VIAF=19845402|LCCN=n/96/026176|GND=122191552|SELIBR=316370}} | |||
| <!-- Metadata: see ] --> | |||
| {{Persondata | |||
| |NAME= Armstrong, Lance Edward | |||
| |ALTERNATIVE NAMES= | |||
| |SHORT DESCRIPTION=American professional road racing cyclist | |||
| |DATE OF BIRTH= September 18, 1971 | |||
| |PLACE OF BIRTH=Dallas, Texas | |||
| |DATE OF DEATH= | |||
| |PLACE OF DEATH=}} | |||
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| {{Link GA|de}} | |||
Revision as of 16:42, 21 October 2013
stop it guys