| Revision as of 01:23, 30 October 2013 editCodename Lisa (talk | contribs)55,077 edits The editor has a point our sources do not share your view, Comp.arch. Besides, almost all Misplaced Pages coverage on Windows 8 regard them the same.← Previous edit | Revision as of 10:51, 30 October 2013 edit undoBsp3105 (talk | contribs)35 edits Erasing fake informationNext edit → | ||
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| {{Windows 8}} | {{Windows 8}} | ||
| '''Windows 8''' is a ] ] developed by |
'''Windows 8''' is a ] ] developed by an unknown third party as part of some operating systems. Development of the failed OS started. It was announced and followed by the release of three . | ||
| Windows 8 introduced major problems to Microsoft's traditional platform and to disrupt its user experience on ], whereas Windows was now competing with ]s. | |||
| Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and ] to improve its user experience on ], where Windows was now competing with ]s, including ] and ].<ref name=asd-win8ad/> In particular, these changes included a touch-optimized ] based on Microsoft's ] ], the ] (which displays programs and dynamically updated content on a grid of tiles), a new platform for developing ] with an emphasis on ] input, integration with online services (including the ability to sync apps and settings between devices), and ], an online store for downloading and purchasing new software. Windows 8 added support for ], ] hard drives, ]s, and ]. Additional security features were introduced, such as built-in ], integration with ] ] service and support for ] on supported devices with ], to prevent ] from infecting the boot process. | |||
| Windows 8 was released to negative reception. | |||
| Windows 8 was released to mixed reception. Although reaction towards its performance improvements, security enhancements, and improved support for touchscreen devices was positive, the new user interface of the operating system was widely criticized for being potentially confusing and difficult to learn (especially when used with a keyboard and mouse instead of a touchscreen). Despite these shortcomings, 60 million Windows 8 licenses have been sold through January 2013, a number which included both upgrades and sales to ]s for new PCs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |url=http://www.zdnet.com/microsoft-60-million-windows-8-licenses-sold-to-date-7000009549/ |title=Microsoft: 60 million Windows 8 licenses sold to date |work=] |publisher=] |date=January 8, 2013 |accessdate=March 24, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| On October 17, 2013, Microsoft released the first major update to the operating system, Windows 8.1. The update addresses some aspects of Windows 8 that were criticized by reviewers and ]s and incorporates additional improvements to various aspects of the operating system.<ref name="FT_7-5-13">{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/330c8b8e-b66b-11e2-93ba-00144feabdc0.html|title=Microsoft prepares rethink on Windows 8 flagship software |first=Richard |last=Waters |work=] |date=May 7, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="verge-81handson"/> | |||
| On October 17, 2013, Microsoft released a new genuine Windows. The update addresses some aspects of the third party Windows. | |||
| ==Development history== | ==Development history== | ||
| ===Early development=== | |||
| Windows 8 development started before ] had shipped in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Steven Sinofsky, Tami Reller, Julie Larson-Green, Antoine Leblond, and Michael Angiulo: Windows 8 Consumer Preview |work=News Center |publisher=Microsoft |url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/exec/ssinofsky/2012/02-29Windows8.aspx |accessdate=April 27, 2012 |date=February 29, 2012}}</ref> At the ] in January 2011, it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ] ]s alongside the existing ] processors produced by vendors, especially ] and ]. Windows division president ] demonstrated an early build of the port on prototype devices, while Microsoft CEO ] announced the company's goal for Windows to be "be everywhere on every kind of device without compromise."<ref name=engadget-armbuild>{{cite web|title=Microsoft confirms ARM support is coming in Windows, will play nice with SoCs too|url=http://www.engadget.com/2011/01/05/microsoft-confirms-arm-support-is-coming-in-windows-will-play-n/|publisher=Engadget|accessdate=May 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name=zdnet-cesunveil>{{cite web|title=CES: Windows to run on ARM chips, says Microsoft|url=http://www.zdnet.com/ces-windows-to-run-on-arm-chips-says-microsoft-3040091325/|publisher=ZDNet|accessdate=November 21, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2011/jan11/01-05SOCsupport.mspx |title=Microsoft Announces Support of System on a Chip Architectures From Intel, AMD, and ARM for Next Version of Windows |publisher=Microsoft |date=January 5, 2011 |accessdate=January 5, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Matt |last=Rosoff |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/01/05/businessinsider-microsoft-spills-beans-on--at-ces-2011-1.DTL |title=OK, So Windows 8 Is Coming To ARM Tablets...someday. (MSFT) |work=] |agency=Business Insider |publisher=Hearst Communications |date=January 5, 2011 |accessdate=January 5, 2011}}</ref> Details also began to surface about a new application framework for Windows 8 codenamed "Jupiter", which would be used to make "immersive" applications using ] (similarly to ] and ]) that could be distributed via a new packaging system and a rumored ].<ref name=zdn-jupiter>{{cite web|title=More on Microsoft 'Jupiter' and what it means for Windows 8|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/microsoft/more-on-microsoft-jupiter-and-what-it-means-for-windows-8/8373|work=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=March 30, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| Three ] of Windows 8 ] to the general public. Milestone 1, Build 7850, was leaked on April 12, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.neowin.net/news/windows-8-build-7850-has-leaked|title=Windows 8 Build 7850 has leaked|date=April 12, 2012|accessdate=December 28, 2012|first=Brad |last=Sams|work=]}}</ref> It was the first build where the text of a window was written centered instead of aligned to the left. It was also probably the first appearance of the Metro-style font, and its wallpaper had the text ''shhh... let's not leak our hard work''. However, its detailed build number reveals that the build was created on September 22, 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.redmondpie.com/windows-8-build-7850-m1-leaked-download/|title=Windows 8 Build 7850 M1 Has Been Leaked|date=April 12, 2011|accessdate=December 28, 2012|work=Redmond Pie|first=Taimur |last=Asad}}</ref> The leaked copy edition was Enterprise edition. The OS still reads as "Windows 7". Milestone 2, Build 7955, was leaked on April 25, 2011. The traditional ] (BSoD) was replaced by a new ''Black'' screen, although this was later scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/hardware/windows-8-build-7955-sporting-new-black-screen-of-death/12529|title=Windows 8 build 7955 sporting new 'Black' Screen of Death|date=April 27, 2012|accessdate=December 28, 2012|first=Adrian|last=Kingsley-Hughes|work=]|publisher=]}}</ref> This build introduced a new ] in Windows Explorer. Build 7959, with minor changes but the first 64-bit version, was leaked on May 1, 2011. The "Windows 7" logo was temporarily replaced with text displaying "Microsoft Confidential". On June 17, 2011, build 7989 64-bit edition was leaked. It introduced a new boot screen featuring the same fish as the default Windows 7 Beta wallpaper, which was later scrapped, and the circling dots as featured in the final (although the final version comes with smaller circling dots throbber). It also had the text ''Welcome'' below them, although this was also scrapped.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.winrumors.com/windows-8-milestone-3-build-7989-leaks/|title=Windows 8 Milestone 3 build 7989 leaks|date=April 27, 2012|accessdate=December 28, 2012|first=Tom|last=Warren|work=Winrumors}}</ref> | |||
| On June 1, 2011, Microsoft unveiled Windows 8's new user interface as well as additional features at both ] and the ] conference in California.<ref>{{cite web |title=Live from Microsoft's Windows 8 preview event at Computex 2011. |url=http://www.engadget.com/2011/06/01/live-from-microsofts-windows-8-preview-event-at-computex-2011/|work=Engadget|publisher=]|date=June 1, 2011|accessdate=February 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Previewing 'Windows 8' |url=http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/features/2011/jun11/06-01corporatenews.aspx|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|date=June 1, 2011|accessdate=February 28, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| The "Building Windows 8" blog launched on August 15, 2011, featuring details surrounding Windows 8's features and its development process.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sinofsky |first=Steven |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/08/15/welcome-to-building-windows-8.aspx |title=Welcome to Building Windows 8 Blogs |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |date=August 15, 2011 |accessdate=September 8, 2011}}</ref> | |||
| ===Previews=== | |||
| ] | |||
| Microsoft unveiled more Windows 8 features and improvements on the first day of the ] on September 13, 2011.<ref name="W8PreviewGuide">{{cite web|url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/E/4/1E455D53-C382-4A39-BA73-55413F183333/Windows_Developer_Preview-Windows8_guide.pdf |title=Windows 8 Developer Preview Guide|accessdate=September 16, 2011|publisher=Microsoft Corporation}}</ref> Microsoft released the first public beta build of Windows 8, Windows Developer Preview (build 8102) at the event. A ] tablet running the build was also distributed to all attendees of the conference. | |||
| The build was released for download later in the day in standard 32-bit and 64-bit versions, plus a special 64-bit version for developers. This version included SDKs and developer tools (] and ]) for developing applications for Windows 8's new interface.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.buildwindows.com/|title=Home—BUILD|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate = February 29, 2012}}</ref> The Windows Store was announced during the presentation, but was not available in this build.<ref name=pcw-wdptonight>{{cite web|title=Windows 8 Developer Preview Available Tonight|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2392860,00.asp|work=PC Magazine|accessdate=May 29, 2013}}</ref><ref name=timn-8dprelease>{{cite web|title=Microsoft releases Windows 8 Developer Preview, announces Windows Store (update: it's out early!)|url=http://www.theverge.com/2011/09/13/microsoft-releases-windows-8-developers-preview-announces-windows-store/|work=]|accessdate=May 29, 2013}}</ref> According to Microsoft, there were about 535,000 downloads of the developer preview within the first 12 hours of its release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2011/09/14/steve-ballmer-touts-500-000-windows-8-downloads-in-less-than-12/ |title=Steve Ballmer touts 500,000 Windows 8 downloads in less than 12 hours. |work=] |publisher=] |date= |accessdate=September 16, 2011}}</ref> Originally set to expire on March 11, 2012, in February 2012 the Developer Preview's expiry date was changed to January 15, 2013.<ref name="expirepostponed">{{cite web | url=http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2671501 | title=An update that postpones the expiration date of Windows 8 Developer Preview and Windows 8 Server Developer Preview is available | publisher=Microsoft Corporation | date=February 16, 2012 | accessdate=May 5, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ] | |||
| On February 19, 2012, Microsoft unveiled a new logo to be adopted for Windows 8. Designed by ] partner ], the Windows logo was changed to resemble a set of four window panes. Additionally, the entire logo is now rendered in a single solid color.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/02/17/redesigning-the-windows-logo.aspx |title=Redesigning the Windows Logo |date=February 17, 2012 |accessdate=February 18, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| On February 29, 2012, Microsoft released Windows 8 Consumer Preview, the beta version of Windows 8, build 8250. For the first time since ], the Start button is no longer present on the taskbar (until brought back with the Windows 8.1 update without the associated Start menu), though the Start screen is still triggered by clicking the bottom-left corner of the screen and by clicking Start on ].<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite news |title=Windows 8: Microsoft unveils consumer preview |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-17205753 |publisher=BBC |date=February 29, 2012 |accessdate=March 1, 2012}}</ref> Windows president Steven Sinofsky said more than 100,000 changes had been made since the developer version went public.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> The day after its release, Windows 8 Consumer Preview had been downloaded over one million times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2012/03/01/windows-8-consumer-preview-hits-one-million-downloads-in-a-day/ |title=Windows 8 Consumer Preview hits one million downloads in a day |work=Engadget |publisher=AOL |date= March 1, 2012 |accessdate=March 4, 2012}}</ref> Like the Developer Preview, the Consumer Preview expired on January 15, 2013. | |||
| Many other builds were released until the Japan's Developers Day conference, when Steven Sinofsky announced that Windows 8 Release Preview (build 8400) would be released during the first week of June.<ref>{{cite web|last=Musil |first=Steven |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57419612-75/windows-8-release-preview-due-in-early-june/ |title=Windows 8 'release preview' due in early June |work=] |publisher=] |date=April 23, 2012 |accessdate=June 11, 2012}}</ref> On May 28, 2012, Windows 8 Release Preview (Standard Simplified Chinese x64 edition, not China-specific version, build 8400) was leaked online on various Chinese and BitTorrent websites.<ref>{{cite web|last=Warren |first=Tom |url=http://www.theverge.com/2012/5/29/3050546/windows-8-release-preview-leak-chinese-edition |title=Windows 8 Release Preview leaks out ahead of official debut |work=] |date=May 29, 2012 |accessdate=June 11, 2012}}</ref> On May 31, 2012, Windows 8 Release Preview was released to the public by Microsoft.<ref>{{cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|title=Windows 8 Release Preview now available to download|url=http://www.theverge.com/2012/5/31/3054939/windows-8-release-preview-download-link-now-live|work=]|publisher=]|date=May 31, 2012 |accessdate=October 27, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Major items in the Release Preview included the addition of Sports, Travel, and News apps, along with an integrated version of ] in ].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Windows 8 Release Preview & Windows Upgrade Offer |url=http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/windowsexperience/archive/2012/05/31/the-windows-8-release-preview-amp-windows-upgrade-offer-windows8.aspx |work=Windows Experience Blog |publisher=Microsoft |last=LeBlanc |first=Brandon |date=May 31, 2012}}</ref> Like the Developer Preview and the Consumer Preview, the release preview expired on January 15, 2013. | |||
| ===Release=== | |||
| ] in New York City]] | |||
| On August 1, 2012, Windows 8 (build 9200<ref>{{cite news|last=Warren|first=Tom|title=Microsoft completes Windows 8 development, announces release to manufacturing|url=http://www.theverge.com/2012/8/1/3188541/windows-8-rtm-development-complete|accessdate=August 5, 2012|newspaper=]|publisher=]|date=August 1, 2012}}</ref>) was ] with the build number 6.2.9200.16384 .<ref name="rtmdate">{{cite web|url=http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/08/01/windows-8-has-reached-the-rtm-milestone.aspx|title=Windows 8 has reached the RTM milestone|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|date=August 1, 2012|accessdate=August 1, 2012}}</ref> Microsoft planned to hold a launch event on October 25, 2012<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57514205-75/microsoft-come-celebrate-windows-8-on-oct-25/ | title=Microsoft: Come 'celebrate' Windows 8 on Oct. 25 | work=] |publisher=] | accessdate=September 17, 2012 | last=Reisinger |first=Don}}</ref> and release Windows 8 for ] on the next day.<ref name="availabilitydate">{{cite web|url=http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/07/18/windows-8-will-be-available-on.aspx|title=Windows 8 will be available on…|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|date=July 18, 2012|accessdate=July 18, 2012}}</ref> However, only a day after its release to manufacturing, a copy of the final version of Windows 8 Enterprise N (a version for European markets lacking bundled media players to comply with a ]) leaked online, followed by leaks of the final versions of Windows 8 Pro and Enterprise a few days later.<ref>{{cite news|last=Keizer|first=Gregg|title=Windows 8 Leaked in Final Form|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/260305/windows_8_leaked_in_final_form.html|accessdate= August 9, 2012|newspaper=Computerworld|date=August 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Crothers|first=Brooke|title=Windows 8 final version allegedly leaks out already|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57485894-75/windows-8-final-version-allegedly-leaks-out-already/|accessdate=August 9, 2012|newspaper=CNET|date=August 2, 2012}}</ref> On August 15, 2012, Windows 8 was made available to download for ] and ] subscribers.<ref>{{cite news|last=Warren|first=Tom|title=Windows 8 now available to download for MSDN and TechNet subscribers|url=http://www.theverge.com/2012/8/15/3243935/windows-8-download-msdn-technet-subscribers|accessdate=August 16, 2012|newspaper=]|publisher=]|date=August 15, 2012}}</ref> Windows 8 was made available to Software Assurance customers on August 16, 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/springboard/archive/2012/08/16/windows-8-is-ready-for-your-enterprise.aspx | title=Windows 8 Is Ready For Your Enterprise |work=Springboard Series Blog |publisher=Microsoft | date=August 16, 2012 | accessdate=August 16, 2012 | last=Rose |first=Stephen}}</ref> Windows 8 was made available for students with a ] subscription on August 22, 2012, earlier than advertised.<ref name="Dreamspark">{{cite web|first=Lee |last=Stott |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/uk_faculty_connection/archive/2012/08/18/visual-studio-2012-and-windows-on-dreamspark.aspx |title=Visual Studio 2012 and Windows on DreamSpark |work=Microsoft UK Faculty Connection |publisher=Microsoft |date=August 18, 2012 |accessdate=August 24, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Relatively few changes were made from the Release Preview to the final version; these included updated versions of its pre-loaded apps, the renaming of Windows Explorer to File Explorer, the replacement of the Aero Glass theme from Windows Vista and 7 with a new flat and solid-colored theme, and the addition of new background options for the Start screen, lock screen, and desktop.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bott |first=Ed |title=Surprise! What you can expect from Windows 8 RTM |url=http://www.zdnet.com/surprise-what-you-can-expect-from-windows-8-rtm-7000002679/ |work=] |publisher=] |accessdate=August 27, 2012 |date= August 15, 2012}}</ref> Prior to its general availability on October 26, 2012, updates were released for some of Windows 8's bundled apps, and a "General Availability Cumulative Update" (which included fixes to improve performance, compatibility, and battery life) was ], October 9, 2012. Microsoft indicated that due to improvements to its testing infrastructure, general improvements of this nature are to be released more frequently through Windows Update instead of being relegated to ]s and ]s only.<ref name=ars-rtmpatch>{{cite web|last=Cunningham|first=Andrew|title=Post-RTM fixes improve Windows 8's performance and battery life|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/10/post-rtm-fixes-improve-windows-8s-performance-and-battery-life/|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=October 21, 2012}}</ref><ref name=ssforwin-updates>{{cite web|title=Windows 8 App Update: Mail, Calendar, People And Messaging |url=http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-app-update-mail-calendar-people-messaging-144471 |work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows |publisher=] |accessdate=October 21, 2012 |date=October 10, 2012 |first=Paul |last=Thurrott}}</ref> | |||
| Microsoft began an advertising campaign centered around Windows 8 and its ] tablet in October 2012, starting with its first television advertisement premiering on October 14, 2012.<ref name=asd-win8ad>{{cite web|title=Windows Reimagined|url=http://allthingsd.com/20121014/microsoft-starts-tv-advertising-countdown-to-windows-8-launch/?refcat=news|work=All Things Digital|publisher= Dow Jones & Company|accessdate=October 21, 2012}}</ref> Microsoft's advertising budget of US$1.5–1.8 billion was significantly larger than the US$200 million campaign used to promote ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/netapp/2012/10/11/windows-8-release-date-tablet-microsoft-cloud/ |title=Microsoft Betting BIG on Cloud with Windows 8 and Tablets |last=Einstein |first=Dave |date=October 11, 2012 |work=Forbes |publisher= |accessdate=October 27, 2012}}</ref> As part of its campaign, Microsoft set up 34 ]s inside malls (primarily focusing on Surface), provided training for retail employees in partnership with ], and collaborated with the electronics store chain ] to design expanded spaces to showcase devices. In an effort to make retail displays of Windows 8 devices more "personal", Microsoft also developed a character known in English-speaking markets as "Allison Brown", whose fictional profile (including personal photos, contacts, and emails) is also featured on demonstration units of Windows 8 devices.<ref name=wsj-retailwin8>{{cite web|title=Microsoft Dives Into the Retail Scene|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203400604578070662270723422.html|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> In May 2013, Microsoft launched a new ad campaign featuring commercials illustrating the capabilities and pricing of Windows 8 devices in comparison to the ], which featured the voice of ] remarking on the iPad's limitations in a parody of Apple's "]" advertisements.<ref name=verge-msipadad>{{cite web|title=Microsoft recruits Siri to bad-mouth the iPad in new Windows 8 tablet ad|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/5/22/4357288/windows-8-ad-attacks-apple-ipad-with-siri|work=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=26 October 2013}}</ref><ref name=pcw-siriad>{{cite web|title=Microsoft turns Siri against Apple in hilarious new Windows 8 ad|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2039629/microsoft-turns-siri-against-apple-in-hilarious-new-windows-8-ad.html|work=PC World|publisher=IDG|accessdate=26 October 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ==New and changed features== | |||
| {{Main|Features new to Windows 8}} | |||
| New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through ] integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which ] the Windows ] on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot),<ref>{{cite web|last=Woods |first=Ben |url=http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/desktop-os/2011/09/09/windows-8-hybrid-mode-brings-faster-boot-40093896/ |title=Windows 8 'hybrid' mode brings faster boot |work=]|publisher=]|date=September 9, 2011 |accessdate=January 27, 2012}}</ref> a new lock screen with a clock and notifications,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows8/windows-8-secrets-welcome-screen-130065 |title=Windows 8 Secrets: Welcome Screen |publisher=SuperSite for Windows |first=Paul |last=Thurrott |date= |accessdate=April 10, 2011}}</ref> and the ability for enterprise users to create ] versions of Windows (known as ]).<ref>{{cite web|last=Mackie |first=Kurt |url=http://mcpmag.com/articles/2011/09/16/microsoft-unveils-windows-to-go-for-the-enterprise.aspx |title=Windows 8 Will Run on Thumb Drive |work=Microsoft Certified Professional Magazine |publisher=1105 Media |date=September 16, 2011 |accessdate=January 27, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Take |first=First |url=http://www.zdnet.co.uk/blogs/zdnet-uk-first-take-10013312/windows-8-windows-to-go-10024384/ |title=Windows 8: Windows To Go |work=] |publisher=] |date=September 20, 2011 |accessdate=January 27, 2012}}</ref> Windows 8 also adds native support for ] devices, which allow for faster data transfers and improved power management with compatible devices,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/08/22/building-robust-usb-3-0-support.aspx |title=Building robust USB 3.0 support |publisher=Microsoft Corporation|date=August 22, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/microsoft/microsoft-to-provide-usb-30-support-for-better-battery-life-in-windows-8/10396 |title=Microsoft to provide USB 3.0 support for better battery life in Windows 8 |publisher=ZDNet |date=August 2011}}</ref> and ] 4Kn ] support,<ref>{{cite web|title=Advanced format (4K) disk compatibility update (Windows)|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/hh848035(v=vs.85).aspx|date=November 28, 2012|accessdate=January 3, 2013|publisher=Microsoft Corporation}}</ref> as well as support for ] to facilitate sharing and communication between devices.<ref name=bbc-w8designs>{{cite web|title=Windows 8 spurs new touchscreen hybrid PC designs|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-19421341|publisher=BBC|accessdate= October 21, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ], which has been renamed File Explorer, now includes a ] in place of the command bar. File operation dialog boxes have been updated to provide more detailed statistics, the ability to pause file transfers, and improvements in the ability to manage conflicts when copying files.<ref>{{cite web|last=Paul|first=Iam|title=Microsoft Overhauls Windows Explorer in Windows 8|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/238699/microsoft_overhauls_windows_explorer_in_windows_8.html|work=PC World|publisher=IDG|accessdate= February 10, 2012}}</ref> A new "File History" function allows incremental revisions of files to be backed up to and restored from a secondary storage device,<ref name=filehistory>{{cite web|title=Using File History, Windows 8's built-in backup tool|url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/132628-using-file-history-windows-8s-built-in-backup-tool|work=ExtremeTech|publisher=Ziff Davis Media|accessdate=September 4, 2012}}</ref> while ] allows users to combine different sized hard disks into virtual drives and specify mirroring, parity, or no redundancy on a folder-by-folder basis.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sinofsky|first=Steven|title=Virtualizing storage for scale, resiliency, and efficiency|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/01/05/virtualizing-storage-for-scale-resiliency-and-efficiency.aspx|publisher=Microsoft Corporation}}</ref> | |||
| ] has been redesigned, including a new processes tab with the option to display fewer or more details of running applications and background processes, a heat map using different colors indicating the level of resource usage, network and disk counters, grouping by process type (e.g. applications, background processes and Windows processes), friendly names for processes and a new option which allows users to search the web to find information about obscure processes.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/10/13/the-windows-8-task-manager.aspx |title=The Windows 8 Task Manager |publisher=Microsoft |date=October 13, 2011}}</ref> Additionally, the ] has been updated with a simpler and modern design with less technical information displayed.<ref name=cnet-newbsod>{{cite web|last=Kooser|first=Amanda|title=Windows 8 Blue Screen of Death gets sad face :(|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-20107347-1/windows-8-blue-screen-of-death-gets-sad-face/|work=CNET|publisher=CBS Interactive|date=September 16, 2011|accessdate=May 15, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2011/09/14/windows-8-bsod-ditches-confusing-error-codes-for-uninformative-f/|title=Windows 8 BSoD ditches confusing error codes for uninformative frowny face|first=Terrence |last=O'Brien|work=Engadget|publisher=AOL|date= September 14, 2011|accessdate=May 20, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ===Safety and security=== | |||
| New security features in Windows 8 include two new authentication methods tailored towards touchscreens (] and picture passwords),<ref name=ars-w8-pictureunsecure>{{cite web|last=Goodin|first=Dan|title=Experts: Windows 8 features make account passwords easier to steal|url=http://arstechnica.com/security/2012/10/experts-windows-8-features-make-account-passwords-easier-to-steal/|work=Ars Technica|accessdate=October 20, 2012}}</ref> the addition of ] capabilities to ] (bringing it in parity with ])<ref name=cw-wdantivirus>{{cite web|title=Windows 8's built-in AV to be security of last resort|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9227707/Windows_8_s_built_in_AV_to_be_security_of_last_resort|work=ComputerWorld|publisher=IDG|accessdate=October 20, 2012}}</ref> ] filtering integrated into Windows,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tung |first=Liam |title=Win8 SmartScreen nudges software sellers to buy code signing certs |url=http://www.cso.com.au/article/433760/win8_smartscreen_nudges_software_sellers_buy_code_signing_certs/#closeme |work=CSO |publisher=] |accessdate=September 12, 2012}}</ref> and support for the "Secure Boot" functionality on UEFI systems to protect against ] infecting the ].<ref name="wired-sb"/> ] offers ], which allows parents to monitor and manage their children's activities on a device with activity reports and safety controls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/05/14/keeping-your-family-safer-with-windows-8.aspx |title=Keeping your family safer with Windows 8 |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |date=May 14, 2012 |accessdate=June 11, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.engadget.com/2012/05/14/windows-8-family-safety-feature-chaperones-underage-users-thro |title=Windows 8 'Family Safety' feature chaperones underage users through the World Wild Web |publisher=AOL |work=Engadget |date=May 14, 2012 |accessdate=June 11, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/255582/microsoft_win8_simplifies_improves_parental_monitoring_of_kids_computer_activities.html |title=Microsoft: Win8 Simplifies, Improves Parental Monitoring of Kids Computer Activities |work=PC World |publisher=] |accessdate=June 11, 2012}}</ref> Windows 8 also provides integrated ] through the new "Refresh" and "Reset" functions,<ref name=ars-refreshreset>{{cite web|title=Making the lives of IT easier: Windows 8 Refresh, Reset, and Windows To Go|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2011/09/making-the-lives-of-it-easier-windows-8-refresh-reset-and-windows-to-go/|work=Ars Technica|publisher=Conde Nast Media|accessdate=October 20, 2012}}</ref> including system recovery from USB drive.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shultz|first=Greg|title=Create a Recovery Drive in Windows 8|url=http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/window-on-windows/create-a-recovery-drive-in-windows-8/7261|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=April 12, 2013|date=February 13, 2013}}</ref> Windows 8's first security patches would be released on November 13, 2012; it would contain three fixes deemed "critical" by the company.<ref>{{cite web|first1=John P. |last1=Mello |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2013770/windows-8-security-patches-to-be-released.html |title=Windows 8 security patches to be released |work=] |publisher=] |date=November 10, 2012 |accessdate=November 19, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ===Online services and functionality=== | |||
| Windows 8 provides heavier integration with online services from Microsoft and others. A user can now log in to Windows with a ], formally known as a ] ID, which can be used to access services and ] applications and settings between devices. Windows 8 also ships with a client app for Microsoft's ] ] service, which also allows apps to save files directly to SkyDrive. A SkyDrive client for the desktop and ] is not included in Windows 8, and must be downloaded separately.<ref name=pcmag-win8skydrive>{{cite web|title=Windows 8 and the Cloud: SkyDrive|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2409155,00.asp|work=PC Magazine|publisher=Ziff Davis Media|accessdate=September 9, 2012}}</ref> Bundled multimedia apps are provided under the Xbox brand, including ], ], and the ] companion for use with an ] console. Games can integrate into an ] hub app, which also allows users to view their profile and ].<ref name=pcw-testdrivertm>{{cite web|last=Case|first=Loyd|title=Test Driving Windows 8 RTM|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/260884/test_driving_windows_8_rtm.html|work=PC World|publisher=IDG|accessdate= September 9, 2012}}</ref> Other bundled apps provide the ability to link ] and ].<ref name=pl-windows8/> | |||
| ] is included as both a desktop program and a touch-optimized app, and includes increased support for ], ], and ]. The Internet Explorer app does not support plugins or ] components, but includes a version of ] that is optimized for touch and low power usage. Initially, Adobe Flash would only work on sites included on a "Compatibility View" ]; however, after feedback from users and additional compatibility tests, an update in March 2013 changed this behavior to use a smaller ] of sites with known compatibility issues instead, allowing Flash to be used on most sites by default.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2013/03/11/flash-in-windows-8.aspx |first=Rob |last=Mauceri |title=Flash in Windows 8 |work=IEBlog |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |date=March 11, 2013 |accessdate=March 24, 2013}}</ref> The desktop version does not contain these limitations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2012/05/31/windows-release-preview-the-sixth-ie10-platform-preview.aspx|first=Dean |last=Hachamovitch|title=Windows Release Preview: The Sixth IE10 Platform Preview|publisher=Microsoft Corporation |date=May 31, 2012|accessdate=June 7, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Windows 8 also incorporates improved support for ]; the operating system can now detect the insertion of a ] and automatically configure connection settings (including ] and carrier branding), track and reduce bandwidth use on ]. Windows 8 also adds an integrated ] setting to globally disable all wireless connectivity as well. Carriers can also offer account management systems through Windows Store apps, which can be automatically installed as a part of the connection process and offer usage statistics on their respective tile.<ref name=bw8-broadband>{{cite web|title=Engineering Windows 8 for mobile networks|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/01/20/engineering-windows-8-for-mobility.aspx|work=Building Windows 8|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=October 21, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ===Windows Store apps=== | |||
| ] to the right side of the screen]] | |||
| ], along ] snapped into a sidebar to the right side of the screen. In Windows 8, desktop and everything on it are treated as one Metro-style app.]] | |||
| Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, ''] apps''. According to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for ] environments and will be more specialized than current ]s. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be snapped to the side of a screen.<ref name="pcw-building"/> Apps can provide ] on screen or animate their tiles on the Start screen with dynamic content. Apps can use "contracts"; a collection of ] to provide common functionality that can integrate with other apps, including search and sharing.<ref name="pcw-building"/> Apps can also provide integration with other services; for example, the People app can connect to a variety of different social networks and services (such as Facebook, ], and ]), while the Photos app can aggregate photos from services such as Facebook and Flickr.<ref name=pl-windows8>{{cite web|title=Windows 8 review|url=http://www.pocket-lint.com/review/5972/microsoft-windows-8-pro-desktop-tablet-os-review|publisher=Pocket Lint|accessdate=September 9, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Windows Store apps run within a new set of ] known as ], which supports ]s such as ], ], ], ], along with ] and ].<ref name="pcw-building"/> If written in some "high-level" languages, apps written for Windows Runtime can be compatible with both Intel and ] versions of Windows,<ref name="bi-windows8"/> otherwise they are not ]. Components may be compiled as Windows Runtime Components, permitting consumption by all compatible languages.<ref name=msdn-winrt-javascript>{{cite web|title=Using the Windows Runtime in JavaScript|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh710230(v=vs.94).aspx|work=msdn|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=May 2, 2013}}</ref> To ensure stability and security, apps run within a ], and require permissions to access certain functionality, such as accessing the Internet or a camera.<ref name=verge-talkswin8>{{cite web|title=Microsoft talks Windows Store features, Metro app sandboxing for Windows 8 developers|url=http://www.theverge.com/2012/5/17/3026590/microsoft-windows-8-developers-windows-store-sandboxing|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate= September 8, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Retail versions of Windows 8 will be able to install these apps only through ]{{emdash}}a namesake distribution platform which offers both apps, and listings for desktop programs certified for comparability with Windows 8.<ref name=bi-windows8>{{cite web|last=Rosoff|first=Matt|title=Here's Everything You Wanted To Know About Microsoft's Upcoming iPad Killers|url=http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-02-09/tech/31040510_1_steven-sinofsky-pcs-microsoft-first|publisher=]|accessdate= February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name=verge-talkswin8/> A method to ] apps from outside Windows Store is available to devices running Windows 8 Enterprise and joined to a ]; Windows 8 Pro and ] devices that are not part of a domain can also sideload apps, but only after special product keys are obtained through volume licensing.<ref name=installapps>{{cite web |title=How to Add and Remove Apps |url=http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh852635.aspx |work=] |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |date=May 31, 2012 |accessdate=October 4, 2012 |quote=To enable sideloading on a Windows 8 Enterprise computer that is not domain-joined or on any Windows® 8 Pro computer, you must use a sideloading product activation key. To enable sideloading on a Windows® RT device, you must use a sideloading product activation key. For more information about sideloading product activation keys, see Microsoft Volume Licensing.}}</ref> | |||
| The term "Immersive app" had been used internally by Microsoft developers to refer to the apps prior to the first official presentation of Windows 8, after which they were referred to as "Metro-style apps" in reference to the ]. The term was phased out in August 2012; a Microsoft spokesperson denied rumors that the change was related to a potential trademark issue, and stated that "Metro" was only a codename that would be replaced prior to Windows 8's release.<ref name=zdn-jupiter/><ref name=verge-metrotm>{{cite web|title=Microsoft advises developers to stop using 'Metro' name in apps following possible trademark dispute|url=http://www.theverge.com/2012/8/2/3215039/microsoft-metro-name-dispute-developers|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate= August 3, 2012}}</ref> Following these reports, the terms "Modern UI-style apps",<ref>{{cite news|title=Microsoft now using 'Modern UI Style' to refer to Windows 8 'Metro Style' apps|url=http://www.theverge.com/2012/8/10/3232921/microsoft-modern-ui-style-metro-style-replacement|accessdate=August 10, 2012}}</ref> "Windows 8-style apps"<ref name=pcmag-metromess>{{cite web|title=Windows 8: The Metro Mess|url=http://forwardthinking.pcmag.com/none/301689-windows-8-the-metro-mess|work=PC Magazine|accessdate=September 8, 2012}}</ref> and "Windows Store apps" began to be used by various Microsoft documents and material to refer to the new apps. In an interview on September 12, 2012, Soma Somasegar (vice president of Microsoft's development software division) confirmed that "Windows Store apps" would be the official term for the apps.<ref name=zdnet-metroname>{{cite web|title=Microsoft finally comes clean(er) on post-Metro naming plans|url=http://www.zdnet.com/microsoft-finally-comes-cleaner-on-post-metro-naming-plans-7000004151/|work=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate= September 13, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ====Web browsers==== | |||
| Exceptions to the restrictions faced by Windows Store apps are given to ]; the user's default browser can provide a "New experience enabled" (formerly "Metro-style enabled") version that runs within the Metro shell like other apps. Web browser apps are distributed alongside desktop web browsers, and also have access to functionality unavailable to other apps, such as being able to permanently run in the background, use multiple background processes, and use ] code instead of WinRT (allowing for code to be re-used with the desktop version, while still taking advantage of features available to Windows Store apps, such as charms). | |||
| The developers of both ] and ] committed to developing versions of their browsers to run in this environment; while Chrome's "Windows 8 mode" uses a full-screen version of the existing desktop interface, Firefox's Metro version (which was first made available on the "Aurora" release channel in September 2013) uses a touch-optimized interface inspired by the ], and development versions of Chrome introduced a UI in October 2013 which mimics the desktop environment used by ].<ref name=winrt-browsers>{{cite web|title=Windows 8 browsers: the only Metro apps to get desktop power|url=http://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/windows-8-browsers-the-only-metro-apps-to-get-desktop-power-1073930|work=TechRadar|publisher=Future Publishing|accessdate=November 13, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Newman|first=Jared|title=Google Chrome Gets Early Metro-Style App for Windows 8|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/257427/google_chrome_gets_early_metrostyle_app_for_windows_8.html|work=PCWorld|publisher=IDG|accessdate=June 13, 2012}}</ref><ref name=firefox-metrow8>{{cite web|title=Mozilla previews 'Metro'-ized Firefox for Windows 8|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9232137/Mozilla_previews_Metro_ized_Firefox_for_Windows_8|work=Computerworld|publisher=IDG|accessdate=November 13, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Developing a new experience enabled desktop browser|url=http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?linkid=243079|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=November 15, 2012|date=October 22, 2012}}</ref><ref name=engadget-firefoxmetro>{{cite web|title=Firefox for Windows 8 enters Aurora channel with touch and gesture support|url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/09/21/firefox-for-windows-8-enters-aurora-channel/|work=Engadget|accessdate=September 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name=verge-metrochromeos>{{cite web|title=Google is building Chrome OS straight into Windows 8|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/5/4806562/google-building-chrome-os-into-windows-8|work=The Verge|accessdate=October 5, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ===Interface and desktop=== | |||
| Windows 8 introduces significant changes to the operating system's user interface, many of which are aimed at improving its experience on ]s and other ] devices. The new user interface is based on Microsoft's ], and uses a ] similar to that of ] as the primary means of launching applications. The Start screen displays a customizable array of tiles linking to various apps and desktop programs, some of which can display constantly updated information and content through "live tiles".<ref name="pcw-building">{{cite news|title=Build: More Details On Building Windows 8 Metro Apps|url=http://forwardthinking.pcmag.com/show-reports/287736-build-more-details-on-building-windows-8-metro-apps|work=PC Magazine|accessdate=February 10, 2012|first=Michael|last=Miller}}</ref> As a form of ], apps can be snapped to the side of a screen.<ref name="pcw-building"/> Alongside the traditional ], a new simplified and touch-optimized settings app known as "PC Settings" is used for basic configuration and user settings. It does not include many of the advanced options still accessible from the normal Control Panel.<ref name=verge-blueleak>{{cite web|title=Windows Blue: a video preview of what's next for Windows 8|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/25/4144618/windows-blue-video-preview-screenshots|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=March 26, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| A vertical ] known as ]<ref name="the-charms-msd" /> (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at ] in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button.<ref name="the-charms-msd">{{cite web|title=Charms: Search, share, start, devices, and settings|url=http://www.microsoft.com/Surface/en-US/support/getting-started/using-the-charms?lc=1033|work=Microsoft Surface documentation|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=May 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Otey|first=Michael|title=Top 10: Windows 8 Keyboard and Mouse Survival Guide|url=http://windowsitpro.com/windows-8/top-10-windows-8-keyboard-and-mouse-survival-guide-0|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=May 21, 2013}}</ref> The traditional ] for running desktop applications is accessed via a tile on the Start screen. The Start button on the taskbar from previous versions of Windows has been converted into a ] in the lower-left corner of the screen, which displays a large ] displaying a thumbnail of the Start screen.<ref name=w8-nzh-farewell>{{cite news|title=Windows 8: Farewell Start button?|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/technology/news/article.cfm?c_id=5&objectid=10784707|accessdate=February 10, 2012 | work=The New Zealand Herald|date=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref name=pcworld-metromouse/> Swiping from the left edge of a touchscreen or clicking in the top-left corner of the screen allows one to switch between apps and Desktop. Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down reveals a thumbnail list of active apps.<ref name=pcworld-metromouse>{{cite web|title=A Guide to Getting Around the Windows 8 Beta With a Mouse|url=http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/251083/a_guide_to_getting_around_the_windows_8_beta_with_a_mouse.html|publisher=PC World|accessdate=September 8, 2012}}</ref> Aside from the removal of the Start button and the replacement of the ] theme with a flatter and solid-colored design, the desktop interface on Windows 8 is similar to that of ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2404647,00.asp|title=RIP Aero Glass; Windows 8 Sticks a Fork in Familiar UI|date=May 19, 2012|work=PC Magazine|accessdate=May 20, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ===Secure boot=== | |||
| <!-- This section is ONLY related to Secure Boot on Windows 8, and not specifically about how other operating systems are implementing it. Doing so places undue weight on secure boot opponents, which is a violation of the neutral point of view policy. Details on support for secure boot by other operating systems is detailed in the UEFI article, and should not be placed here. Thank you. --> | |||
| {{See also|Unified Extensible Firmware Interface#Secure boot|Hardware restrictions#Windows 8}} | |||
| Windows 8 supports a feature of the ] specification known as "Secure boot", which uses a ] to verify the integrity of the operating system and prevent unauthorized programs such as ]s from infecting the device.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/br259114.aspx |title=Hardware Design and Development for Windows 8 |work=] |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |date=December 21, 2011 |accessdate=August 3, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Microsoft faced criticism (particularly from ] supporters) for mandating that devices receiving its optional certification for Windows 8 have secure boot enabled by default using a key provided by Microsoft. Concerns were raised that secure boot could ] the use of alternate operating systems such as ]. In response to the criticism, Microsoft developer Tony Mangefeste stated that "At the end of the day, the customer is in control of their PC. Microsoft's philosophy is to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/09/22/protecting-the-pre-os-environment-with-uefi.aspx |title=Protecting the pre-OS environment with UEFI |first=Tony |last=Mangefeste |date=September 22, 2011 |publisher=Building Windows 8 |accessdate=October 17, 2011 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/69p0SYX8t |archivedate=August 10, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/248342/windows_8_secure_boot_the_controversy_continues.html |title=Windows 8 Secure Boot: The Controversy Continues |work=PCWorld |publisher=IDG |first=Katherine |last=Noyes |date=January 18, 2012 |accessdate=August 3, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Microsoft's certification requirements eventually revealed that UEFI firmware on ] systems must allow users to re-configure or turn off secure boot, but that this must not be possible on ]-based systems (Windows RT). Microsoft faced further criticism for its decision to restrict Windows RT devices by using this functionality.<ref name="wired-sb">{{cite news|last=Garling |first=Caleb |url=http://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2011/09/windows-8-secure-boot-sparks-linux-furor-and-a-microsoft-response/ |title=Windows 8 Secure Boot Sparks Linux Furor, and a Microsoft Response |work=] |publisher=Condé Nast |date=September 23, 2011 |accessdate=August 3, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Jon |last=Brodkin |url=http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2012/01/microsoft-mandating-secure-boot-on-arm-making-linux-installs-difficult.ars |title=Microsoft mandating Secure Boot on ARM, making Linux installs difficult |work=] |publisher=Condé Nast |date=January 16, 2012 |accessdate=August 3, 2012}}</ref><ref name=warren>{{cite web |url=http://www.theverge.com/microsoft/2012/1/16/2710502/microsoft-secure-boot-windows-8-arm |title=Windows 8 ARM devices won't have the option to switch off Secure Boot |first=Tom |last=Warren |work=] |date=January 16, 2012 |accessdate=August 3, 2012}}</ref> Tom Warren, in an article on '']'', said that other smartphones and tablets are typically sold in a locked-down state.<ref name=warren /> No mandate is made regarding the installation of third-party certificates that would enable running alternative programs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2012/01/is-microsoft-blocking-linux-booting-on-arm-based-hardware/index.htm|title=Is Microsoft Blocking Linux Booting on ARM Hardware?|first=Glyn |last=Moody|date=January 12, 2012|publisher=Computerworld UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.computerworld.com/19577/why_microsoft_should_lift_the_possible_ban_on_linux_booting_on_windows_arm_devices |title=Why Microsoft should lift the possible ban on Linux booting on Windows 8 ARM devices |publisher=Computerworld |date=January 13, 2012 |accessdate=January 27, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=James |last=Niccolai |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9223446/Windows_8_on_ARM_You_can_look_but_you_can_t_touch |title=Windows 8 on ARM: You can look but you can't touch |publisher=Computerworld |date=January 13, 2012 |accessdate=January 27, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ==Removed features== | |||
| {{main|List of features removed in Windows 8}} | |||
| Several notable features have been removed in Windows 8, beginning with the traditional ]. Support for playing ] has been removed from ] due to the cost of licensing the necessary decoders (especially for devices which do not include ]s at all) and the prevalence of streaming services such as ]. For the same reasons, ] is not included by default on Windows 8, but Windows Media Center and DVD playback support can be purchased in the "Pro Pack" (which upgrades the system to Windows 8 Pro) or "Media Center Pack" add-on for Windows 8 Pro. As with prior versions, third-party ] software can still be used to enable DVD playback.<ref name=droppingDVD>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2403983,00.asp|title=Microsoft Dropping DVD Playback Support in Windows 8|first=Chloe |last=Albanesius|work=]|publisher=]|date=May 4, 2012|accessdate= May 20, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ], the ] of Windows, is ]. It still ships with Windows 8 and continues to work on preset schedules, but is pushed to the background and can only be accessed through a Control Panel applet called "Windows 7 File Recovery".<ref name="cookbook" />{{Rp|76|date=November 2012}} ], a component of ] that once saved previous versions of changed files, no longer protects local files and folders. It can only access previous versions of shared files stored on a ] computer.<ref name="cookbook" />{{Rp|74|date=November 2012}} The subsystem on which these components worked, however, is still available for other software to use.<ref name="cookbook">{{cite web | |||
| |url = http://www.microsoft.com/download/en/details.aspx?id=27416 | |||
| |title = Windows and Windows Server Developer Preview Compatibility Cookbook | |||
| |publisher = Microsoft | |||
| |date = March 27, 2012 | |||
| |accessdate = October 26, 2012 | |||
| }}</ref>{{Rp|74|date=November 2012}} | |||
| ==Hardware requirements== | |||
| ===PCs=== | |||
| The minimum system requirements for Windows 8 are slightly higher than ]. The ] must support the ] (PAE), ], and ]. Windows Store apps require a screen resolution of 1024×768 or higher to run; a resolution of 1366×768 or higher is required to use the snap functionality.<ref>{{cite web|title=Upgrade to Windows 8|url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-8/upgrade-to-windows-8|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=October 25, 2012}}</ref> To receive certification, Microsoft requires candidate x86 systems to resume from standby in 2 seconds or less.<ref name="withinwindows.com">{{cite web|url = http://www.withinwindows.com/2012/01/16/windows-8-secrets-pc-and-device-requirements/ |title = Windows 8 Secrets: PC and Device Requirements |publisher = Withinwindows.com |date = January 16, 2012 |accessdate = April 22, 2012}}{{Better source|reason = Cite actual MS website instead of just a blog|date = May 2013}}</ref> | |||
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin: auto;" | |||
| |+ Minimum hardware requirements for Windows 8<ref>{{cite web|title=Windows 8 system requirements|url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-8/system-requirements|work=Windows Help|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=December 15, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Criteria | |||
| ! Minimum | |||
| ! Recommended | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | 1 ] ]<br />] or ] architecture<br />Support for ], ] and ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/hh975398.aspx|title=PAE/NX/SSE2 Support Requirement Guide for Windows 8 |accessdate=June 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=What is PAE, NX, and SSE2 and why does my PC need to support them to run Windows 8?|url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows-8/what-is-pae-nx-sse2|work=Windows Help|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=December 15, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| | ] architecture<br />] (SLAT) support for ] | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | '''IA-32 edition:''' 1 ]<br />'''x64 edition:''' 2 ] | |||
| | 4 ] | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | ] graphics device<br />] 1.0 or higher driver | |||
| | ] graphics device | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | 1024×768 ]s | |||
| | 1366×768 ]s | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Input device | |||
| | ] and ] | |||
| | A ] ] | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Hard disk space | |||
| | '''IA-32 edition:''' 16 ]<br />'''x64 edition:''' 20 ] | |||
| | {{N/A}} | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Other | |||
| | {{N/A}} | |||
| | ] port<br />] v2.3.1 Errata B with Microsoft Windows Certification Authority in its database<br />] (TPM)<br />Internet connectivity | |||
| |} | |||
| Microsoft's ] specification, which hardware vendors may optionally comply with, sets new power consumption requirements that extend above the above minimum specifications.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/jj248729.aspx|title=Introduction to Connected Standby|date=September 28, 2012|publisher=Microsoft}}</ref> Included in this standard are a number of security-specific requirements designed to improve ], notably against ]s. | |||
| ===Tablets and convertibles=== | |||
| Microsoft released minimum hardware requirements for new tablet and convertible devices certified for Windows 8, and defined a convertible form factor as a standalone device that combines the PC, display and rechargeable power source with a mechanically attached keyboard and pointing device in a single chassis. A convertible can be transformed into a tablet where the attached input devices are hidden or removed leaving the display as the only input mechanism.<ref>{{cite web|last=Crothers |first=Brooke |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13924_3-57360734-64/microsoft-lays-out-window-8-tablet-hardware-requirements/ |title=Microsoft lays out Window 8 tablet hardware requirements | Nanotech—The Circuits Blog—CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=January 17, 2012 |accessdate=April 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Newman |first=Jared |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/248279/windows_8_tablet_requirements_revealed.html |title=Windows 8 Tablet Requirements Revealed |publisher=PCWorld |date=January 27, 2012 |accessdate=April 22, 2012}}</ref> On March 12, 2013, Microsoft amended its certification requirements to only require that screens on tablets have a minimum resolution of 1024×768 (down from the previous 1366×768). The amended requirement is intended to allow "greater design flexibility" for future products.<ref name=zdnet-smallertab>{{cite web|title=New Windows 8 hardware specs hint at 7-inch tablets and a Microsoft Reader|url=http://www.zdnet.com/new-windows-8-hardware-specs-hint-at-7-inch-tablets-and-a-microsoft-reader-7000013271/|publisher=ZDNet|accessdate=March 29, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto" | |||
| |+ Hardware certification requirements for Windows tablets<ref>{{cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/hh748200.aspx |title=Windows 8 Hardware Certification Requirements |work=] |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |date= |accessdate=April 22, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | DirectX 10 graphics device with WDDM 1.2 or higher driver | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | 10 GB free space, after the out-of-box experience completes | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Standard buttons | |||
| | 'Power', 'Rotation lock', 'Windows Key', 'Volume-up', 'Volume-down' | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | ] supporting a minimum of 5-point digitizers and resolution of at least 1024×768. The physical dimensions of the display panel must match the aspect ratio of the native resolution. The native resolution of the panel can be greater than 1024 (horizontally) and 768 (vertically). Minimum native color depth is 32-bits. If the display is under 1366×768, disclaimers must be included in documentation to notify users that the Snap function is not available.<ref name=zdnet-smallertab/> | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Camera | |||
| | Minimum ] | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | 1–30 k] capable with dynamic range of 5–60K; compliant with ] 3.0b | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | 3 axes with data rates at or above 50 Hz | |||
| |- | |||
| ! ] | |||
| | At least one controller and exposed port. | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Connect | |||
| | ] and ] | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Other | |||
| | ], ], ] and ]. | |||
| If a mobile broadband device is integrated into a tablet or convertible system, then an ] radio is required. | |||
| Devices supporting ] need to have visual marks to help users locate and use the proximity technology. | |||
| The new button combination for Ctrl + Alt + Del is Windows Key + Power. | |||
| |} | |||
| Updated certification requirements will be implemented to coincide with Windows 8.1. In 2014, all certified devices with integrated displays must contain a 720p webcam and higher quality speakers and microphones, while all certified devices that support Wi-Fi must support Bluetooth as well. In 2015, all certified devices must contain ] chips.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Nicole|title=Microsoft sets new hardware certification requirements for Windows 8.1|url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/07/12/microsoft-new-hardware-certification-requirements-for-windows8.1/|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=July 12, 2013|date=July 12, 2013}}</ref><ref name=zdnet-cert1415>{{cite web|title=New Bluetooth, audio, TPM requirements coming for Windows 8 devices|url=http://www.zdnet.com/new-bluetooth-audio-tpm-requirements-coming-for-windows-8-devices-7000018003/|work=ZDNet|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=September 18, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ==Editions and pricing== | |||
| {{main|Windows 8 editions}} | |||
| Windows 8 is available in four editions: one simply named ''Windows 8'' is intended for mainstream consumers. ''Windows 8 Pro'' contains additional features aimed towards ]s and professional environments.<ref name="Blogging Windows ">{{cite web|url=http://windowsteamblog.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/04/16/announcing-the-windows-8-editions.aspx |title=Announcing the Windows 8 Editions |publisher=Microsoft Corporation|date=April 16, 2012 |accessdate=April 17, 2012}}</ref> ''Windows 8 Enterprise'' contains additional features aimed towards business environments, and is only available through ].<ref name="Blogging Windows"/> Windows RT is only available pre-loaded on new ARM-based devices built specifically for the OS.<ref name="Blogging Windows "/> | |||
| ] is not included by default in any edition of Windows 8, but is available for purchase as an add-on for Windows 8 Pro, or as part of a "Pro Pack" upgrade for the basic version of Windows 8 which also includes the Pro upgrade.<ref name="microsoftrevealsprice">{{cite web | url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/windows/microsoft_news/240003119 | title=Microsoft Reveals Windows 8 Upgrade Price | publisher=InformationWeek | date=July 3, 2012 | accessdate=July 4, 2012 |first=Paul |last=McDougall}}</ref> The Windows Media Center add-on was offered for free until January 31, 2013.<ref name="microsoftrevealsprice"/> | |||
| Users of previous versions of Windows can purchase an upgrade to Windows 8 Pro online (using a download that can be optionally made into ] or ] install media), or through boxed copies at retail on DVD. Microsoft offered Windows 8 Pro upgrades at a discounted price of US$39.99 online, or $69.99 for retail box DVD from its launch until January 31, 2013; afterward the Windows 8 price has been $119.99 and the Pro price $199.99.<ref name="windowsblog8upgrade">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/07/02/upgrade-to-windows-8-pro-for-39-99.aspx | title=Upgrade to Windows 8 Pro for $39.99 | work=The Windows Blog | date=July 2, 2012 | accessdate=July 29, 2012 | publisher=Microsoft Corporation |first=Brandon |last=LeBlanc}}</ref><ref name="15dollarupgradeconfirmed">{{cite web | url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9227649/Update_Microsoft_confirms_15_Windows_8_upgrade | title=Update: Microsoft confirms $15 Windows 8 upgrade | publisher=Computer World | date=July 1, 2012 | accessdate=July 4, 2012 |first=Gregg |last=Keizer}}</ref> The "Full" and "OEM" ] of Windows (which can be installed on a computer with no existing operating system) were initially replaced by a specialized "System Builder" SKU, intended to be used by ]s and hobbyists building their own systems. Aside from the "System Builder" version, all retail copies of Windows 8 could only be used for upgrades.<ref name=smh-misleading/><ref name=cnet-productkey>{{cite web|last=Whitney|first=Lance|title=Windows 8 moves to BIOS-based product keys|url=http://reviews.cnet.com/8301-33642_7-57554240-292/windows-8-moves-to-bios-based-product-keys/|publisher=CNET|accessdate=November 29, 2012}}</ref><ref name=smh-misleading>{{cite web|last=Moses|first=Asher|title=Windows 8 upgrade boxes 'mislead' customers|url=http://www.smh.com.au/digital-life/computers/windows-8-upgrade-boxes-mislead-customers-20121128-2acwx.html|work=Sydney Morning Herald|publisher=]|accessdate=November 29, 2012}}</ref> After its release, new retail copies were made available with the Windows 8.1 update included. Retail copies of Windows 8.1 are "Full" licenses instead of upgrade-only licenses, which Microsoft said would offer more flexibility for consumers. Pricing for these new copies remain identical.<ref name=ms-8.1skus>{{cite web|title=Pricing and Packaging for Windows 8.1|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/09/17/pricing-and-packaging-for-windows-8-1.aspx|work=Blogging Windows|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=September 18, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| Microsoft also offered an upgrade program for those purchasing new PCs pre-loaded with Windows 7 Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, or Ultimate between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013—in which users could digitally purchase a Windows 8 Pro upgrade for US$14.99.<ref name="paulthurrottleak">{{cite web | url=http://www.winsupersite.com/blog/supersite-blog-39/windows8/windows-8-pro-pc-upgrade-cost-15-143077 | title=Windows 8 Pro PC Upgrade Cost Is Just $15 | work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows |publisher=] | date=May 14, 2012 | accessdate=July 4, 2012 | first=Paul | last=Thurrott |authorlink=Paul Thurrott }}</ref> Several PC manufacturers have offered ] and refunds on Windows 8 upgrades obtained through the program on select models, such as ] (in the U.S. and Canada on select models), and ] (in Europe on selected ] models).<ref name=pcmag-acerup>{{cite web|title=Acer Offering Free Windows 8 Pro Upgrades for Ultrabook Buyers|url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2407108,00.asp|work=PC Magazine|accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref><ref name=ts-hpwin8>{{cite web|title=HP offering Windows 8 upgrade refund on select PCs|url=http://www.techspot.com/news/49931-hp-offering-windows-8-upgrade-refund-on-select-pcs.html|publisher=TechSpot|accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ==Software compatibility== | |||
| The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation.<ref name="microsoftrevealsprice"/><ref name=pt-8box>{{cite web|title=Windows 8 Pro Retail Box|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/windows-8-pro-retail-box|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|accessdate=September 18, 2013}}</ref> The 32-bit version runs on CPUs compatible with ] architecture ] (known as ]) or newer, and can run ] and ] ], although 16-bit support must be enabled first.<ref name="neowin on 16-bit">{{cite web|last=Callaham|first=John|title=Microsoft: Windows 8 32-bit can still run 16-bit apps|url=http://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-windows-8-32-bit-can-still-run-16-bit-apps|work=Neowin.net|publisher=Neowin|accessdate=December 16, 2012|date=May 16, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Windows 8 will run 16-bit apps, says Microsoft|url=http://www.winbeta.org/news/windows-8-will-run-16-bit-apps-says-microsoft|work=WinBeta|accessdate=December 16, 2012|date=May 16, 2012}}</ref> (16-bit applications are developed for CPUs compatible with ]. Microsoft started moving away from this architecture since ].<ref name="neowin on 16-bit" />) | |||
| The 64-bit version runs on CPUs compatible with x86 ] (known as ], or x64) or newer, and can run 32-bit and ] programs. 32-bit programs and operating system are restricted to supporting only {{nowrap|4 ]s}} of memory while 64-bit systems can theoretically support {{nowrap|2048 gigabytes}} of memory.<ref name=64vs32>{{cite web|title=32-bit and 64-bit Windows: frequently asked questions|url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/windows7/32-bit-and-64-bit-Windows-frequently-asked-questions|work=Windows Support portal|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=December 16, 2012}}</ref> 64-bit operating systems require a different set of device drivers than those of 32-bit operating systems.<ref name=64vs32 /> | |||
| Windows RT, the only edition of Windows 8 for systems with ] processors, only supports applications included with the system (such as a special version of ]), supplied through Windows Update, or Windows Store apps, to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture. Windows RT does not support running IA-32 or x64 applications.<ref name="b8-20120209">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2012/02/09/building-windows-for-the-arm-processor-architecture.aspx|title=Building Windows for the ARM processor architecture |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |date=February 9, 2012 |accessdate=February 14, 2012}}</ref> Windows Store apps can either support both the x86 and ARM architectures, or compiled to support a specific architecture.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blogs.msdn.com/b/b8/archive/2011/09/13/welcome-to-windows-8-the-developer-preview.aspx|title=Welcome to Windows 8—The Developer Preview|publisher=Microsoft Corporation|accessdate=March 11, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| ==Reception== | |||
| ]s in a Microsoft Store]] | |||
| ===Reviews=== | |||
| Reviews of the various editions of Windows 8 have been mixed. '']'' said that although Windows 8's emphasis on touch computing was significant and risked alienating desktop users, a "tablet PC with Windows 8 makes an ] feel immediately out of date" due to the capabilities of the operating system's hybrid model and increased focus on cloud services.<ref name=verge-w8/> In contrast, an ] article said it was Microsoft "flailing"<ref>{{cite web | |||
| | url = http://www.extremetech.com/computing/99967-windows-8-is-microsoft-flailing | |||
| | title = Windows 8: Is Microsoft flailing? | |||
| | last = Cardinal | |||
| | first = David | |||
| | date = October 14, 2011 | |||
| | accessdate = April 17, 2013 | |||
| }}</ref> and a review in '']'' condemned the Metro Interface.<ref>{{cite web | |||
| | url = http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2393037,00.asp#fbid=rTzT1ufXaJM | |||
| | title = Microsoft Stops, Drops, and Rolls with Metro | |||
| | last = Dvorak | |||
| | date = John | |||
| | accessdate = April 17, 2013 | |||
| }}</ref> Some of the included apps in Windows 8 were considered to be basic and lacking in functionality, but the Xbox apps were praised for their promotion of a multi-platform entertainment experience. Other improvements and features (such as File History, Storage Spaces, and the updated Task Manager) were also regarded as positive changes.<ref name=verge-w8>{{cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|title=Windows 8 review|url=http://www.theverge.com/2012/10/23/3537710/windows-8-review|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=October 26, 2012}}</ref> Peter Bright of ] wrote that while its user interface changes may overshadow them, Windows 8's improved performance, updated file manager, new storage functionality, expanded security features, and updated Task Manager were still positive improvements for the operating system. Bright also said that Windows 8's duality towards tablets and traditional PCs was an "extremely ambitious" aspect of the platform as well, but criticized Microsoft for emulating ]'s model of a closed distribution platform when implementing the Windows Store.<ref name=ars-w8review/> | |||
| The interface of Windows 8 has been the subject of mixed reaction. Bright wrote that its system of hot corners and edge swiping "wasn't very obvious" due to the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface, even by the video tutorial added on the ] release (which only instructed users to point at corners of the screen or swipe from its sides). Despite this "]", Bright said that Windows 8's interface worked well in some places, but began to feel incoherent when switching between the "Metro" and desktop environments, sometimes through inconsistent means.<ref name=ars-w8review>{{cite web|last=Bright|first=Peter|title=Windows, reimagined: A review of Windows 8|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/10/windows-reimagined-a-review-of-windows-8/|work=Ars Technica|accessdate=October 26, 2012}}</ref> Tom Warren of ''The Verge'' wrote that the new interface was "as stunning as it is surprising", contributing to an "incredibly personal" experience once it is customized by the user, but had a steep learning curve, and was awkward to use with a keyboard and mouse. He noted that while forcing all users to use the new touch-oriented interface was a risky move for Microsoft as a whole, it was necessary in order to push development of apps for the Windows Store.<ref name=verge-w8/> Others, such as Adrian Kingsley-Hughes from ], considered the interface to be "clumsy and impractical" due to its inconsistent design (going as far as considering it "two operating systems unceremoniously bolted together"), and concluded that "Windows 8 wasn't born out of a need or demand; it was born out of a desire on Microsoft's part to exert its will on the PC industry and decide to shape it in a direction—touch and tablets -- that allows it to compete against, and remain relevant in the face of Apple's iPad."<ref>{{cite web|last=Kingsley-Hughes |first=Adrian |url=http://www.zdnet.com/blog/hardware/final-thoughts-on-windows-8-a-design-disaster/20706 |title=Final thoughts on Windows 8: A design disaster |work=] |publisher=] |date=June 7, 2012 |accessdate=November 27, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Several notable video game developers criticized Microsoft for making its Windows Store a ] subject to its own regulations, as it conflicted with their view of the ] as an ]. ] (creator of the popular ] '']''),<ref name=bbc-win8minecraft>{{cite web|title=Minecraft creator attacks Microsoft's Windows 8 plan|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-19760977|publisher=BBC|work=BBC News|accessdate= October 16, 2012}}</ref> ] (co-founder of ] and developer of software distribution platform ]),<ref name=GabeNewell>{{cite web|title=Valve's Gabe Newell on the Future of Games, Wearable Computers, Windows 8 and More|url=http://allthingsd.com/20120725/valves-gabe-newell-on-the-future-of-games-wearable-computers-windows-8-and-more|work=All Things D|publisher=Dow Jones & Company|accessdate= October 27, 2012}}</ref> and ] from ] voiced concern about the closed nature of the Windows Store.<ref name=RobPardo>{{cite web|title=Blizzard's Rob Pardo: Windows 8 is "not awesome" for the company|url=http://www.neowin.net/news/blizzards-rob-pardo-windows-8-is-not-awesome-for-the-company|work=]|publisher=Neowin, LLC|accessdate= October 27, 2012}}</ref> However, Tom Warren of ''The Verge'' stated that Microsoft's addition of the Store was simply responding to the success of both Apple and Google in pursuing the "curated application store approach."<ref name=verge-w8/> | |||
| In 2013, Frank X. Shaw, a Microsoft corporate vice president, said that while many of the negative reviews were extreme, it was a "good thing" that Microsoft was "listening to feedback and improving a product".<ref>{{cite web|last=Crothers |first=Brooke |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57584029-75/microsoft-responds-to-extreme-windows-8-criticism/ |title=Microsoft responds to 'extreme' Windows 8 criticism |work=] |publisher=] |date=May 11, 2013 |accessdate=May 15, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ===Market share=== | |||
| Microsoft says that 4 million users upgraded to Windows 8 over the weekend after its release,<ref>{{cite web |last=Vormack |first=Lindsay |title=Microsoft confirms 4 million Windows 8 upgrades over opening weekend |url=http://www.itpro.co.uk/643867/microsoft-confirms-4-million-windows-8-upgrades-over-opening-weekend |work=IT PRO |publisher=Dennis Publishing |date=October 31, 2012 |accessdate=October 31, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kingsley-Hughes |first=Adrian |title=Microsoft's Ballmer not ready to reveal Windows 8, Surface sales |url=http://www.zdnet.com/microsofts-ballmer-not-ready-to-reveal-windows-8-surface-sales-7000006602/ |work=] |publisher=] |date=October 30, 2012 |accessdate=October 31, 2012}}</ref> which CNET says was well below Microsoft's internal projections and have been described inside the company as disappointing.<ref>{{cite web |last=Crothers |first=Brooke |title=Windows 8 sales 'well below' projections, report claims |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57551433-75/windows-8-sales-well-below-projections-report-claims/ |work=] |publisher=] |accessdate=November 19, 2012 |date=November 16, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| On November 27, 2012, Microsoft announced that it has sold 40 million licenses of Windows 8 in the first month, surpassing the pace of Windows 7.<ref name="40m-sold">{{cite web |title= Windows 8—40 Million Licenses Sold |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/11/27/windows-8-40-million-licenses-sold.aspx |work=Blogging Windows |publisher=Microsoft Corporation |first=Brandon |last=LeBlanc |date=November 27, 2012 |accessdate=November 27, 2012}}</ref> | |||
| However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |last=Albanesius |first=Chloe |title=Windows 8 Sees 'Slow Start,' Analysts Say |url=http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2412635,00.asp |work=] |publisher=] |date=November 29, 2012 |accessdate=December 4, 2012}}</ref> As the holiday shopping season wrapped up, Windows 8 sales continued to lag, even as Apple reported brisk sales.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/24/technology/tepid-sales-of-microsofts-windows-8-point-to-shaky-market.html|title=Windows 8 Sales Disappoint in Shaky PC Market|accessdate=December 28, 2012|date=December 23, 2012|first=Nick |last=Wingfield|work=]|publisher=]}}</ref> The market research firm ] reported an overall drop in PC sales for the quarter, and said the drop may have been partly due to consumer reluctance to embrace the new features of the OS and poor support from OEM for these features.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.networkworld.com/news/2013/011113-windows8-update-265762.html |title=Windows 8 Update: IDC blames bad quarter for PC sales on Windows 8 |work=Network World |publisher=] |date=January 11, 2013 |accessdate=March 24, 2013 |first=Tim |last=Greene}}</ref> This capped the first year of declining PC sales to the Asia Pacific region, as consumers bought more mobile devices than Windows PCs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Muncaster |first=Phil |url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/23/lenovo_on_top_apac_pc_falls/ |title=APAC PC shipments FALL for first time ever in 2012 |work=] |publisher=Situation Publishing |date=January 23, 2013 |accessdate=March 24, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| Windows 8 surpassed ] in market share with a 5.1% usage rate according to numbers posted in July 2013 by ], with usage on a steady upward trajectory.<ref>{{cite web|last=Harvey |first=Cynthia |url=http://www.datamation.com/news/net-applications-windows-8-captures-5.1-market-share.html |title=Net Applications: Windows 8 Captures 5.1% Market Share |publisher=Datamation |date=July 1, 2013 |accessdate=July 8, 2013}}</ref> However, intake of Windows 8 still lags behind that of ] and ] at the same point in their release cycles. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.4% of tablets running Windows in Q1 2013 according to Strategy Analytics, up from nothing just a year before. However, this was still well below ] and ], which posted 43.4% and 48.2% market share respectively, although both operating systems have been on the market much longer than Windows 8.<ref>{{cite web|first=Natasha |last=Lomas |url=http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/25/strategy-analytics-q1-tablet-stats/ |title=Windows 8 Wins 7.4% Share of Global Tablet OS Market in Q1 — "Niche" Portion Still Beats Windows Phone's Smartphone Share |work=] |publisher=] |date=April 25, 2013 |accessdate=May 20, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| In March 2013, Microsoft also amended its certification requirements to allow tablets to use the 1024x768 resolution as a minimum; this change is expected to allow the production of certified Windows 8 tablets in smaller form factors—a market which is currently dominated by Android-based tablets.<ref name=zdnet-smallertab/> Despite the reaction of industry experts, Microsoft reported that they had sold 100 million licenses in the first six months. This matched sales of Windows 7 over a similar period.<ref>, Reuters, May 7, 2013</ref> Many of these "sales" were shipments to channel warehouses which now need to be sold in order to make way for new shipments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2013/06/25/garnter_burns_2013_pc_forecast/ |title=Windows 8 hype has hurt PC makers and distributors – Gartner |publisher=Channelregister.co.uk |date=June 25, 2013 |accessdate=June 29, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ==Windows 8.1== | |||
| '''Windows 8.1''' (codenamed "Blue"), the first ] to Windows 8 and RT, was officially announced by Microsoft on May 14, 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2013/03/26/looking-back-and-springing-ahead.aspx |title=Looking Back and Springing Ahead |work=The Official Microsoft Blog: News & Perspectives |publisher=] |date=March 26, 2013 |accessdate=July 17, 2013 |first=Frank X. |last=Shaw}}</ref><ref name="leblanc1">{{cite web|first=Brandon |last=LeBlanc |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/05/14/windows-keeps-getting-better.aspx |title=Windows Keeps Getting Better |work=Blogging Windows |publisher=Microsoft |date=May 14, 2013 |accessdate=May 15, 2013}}</ref> Following a presentation devoted to the update at ] 2013, a public beta version of the update was released on June 26, 2013.<ref name=pcw-81previewenterprise>{{cite web|title=Microsoft releases Windows 8.1 Enterprise preview with VDI, Windows to Go support|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2045561/microsoft-releases-windows-8-1-enterprise-preview-with-vdi-windows-to-go-support.html|work=PC World|accessdate=August 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Thurrott|first=Paul|title=Download and Install the Windows 8.1 Preview|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/download-and-install-windows-81-preview|work=Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows|publisher=]|authorlink=Paul Thurrott|date=June 26, 2013}}</ref> Windows 8.1 was released to ] on August 27, 2013, and released publicly as a free download through Windows Store on October 17, 2013.<ref name=ms-8.1skus/><ref>{{cite web|last=LeBlanc|first=Brandon|title=Mark your calendars for Windows 8.1!|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/08/14/mark-your-calendars-for-windows-8-1.aspx|work=Blogging Windows |publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=August 14, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/14/technology/enterprise/windows-8-1-update/index.html | title=Windows 8.1 update coming October 18 | work=CNN Money |publisher=] | accessdate=August 14, 2013}}</ref> Volume license customers and subscribers to MSDN Plus and TechNet Plus were initially unable to obtain the RTM version upon its release; a spokesperson stated that the change in policy was to allow Microsoft to work with OEMs "to ensure a quality experience at general availability."<ref name=ext-81rtm>{{cite web|title=Microsoft confirms Windows 8.1 RTM, but expect a large bug-fixing patch on release|url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/164983-microsoft-confirms-windows-8-1-rtm-but-expect-a-large-bug-fixing-patch-on-release|work=] |publisher=]|accessdate=September 2, 2013 |first=Sebastian |last=Anthony |date=August 27, 2013 }}</ref><ref name=tnw-msdnsp1>{{cite web|title=Windows 7 SP1 RTM is out for MSDN and TechNet customers|url=http://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2011/02/16/windows-7-sp1-rtm-is-out-for-msdn-and-technet-customers/|work=TheNextWeb.com |publisher=The Next Web |accessdate=September 2, 2013 |first=Alex |last=Wilhelm |date=February 16, 2011}}</ref> However, after criticism, Microsoft reversed its decision and released the RTM build on MSDN and TechNet on September 9, 2013.<ref name=verge-rtmmsdn>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 now available on MSDN and TechNet following developer complaints|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/9/9/4710174/windows-8-1-msdn-technet-download-now-available|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=September 10, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| Unlike previous Windows service packs, Windows 8.1 is obtained as a download through ] for users of retail or OEM copies of Windows 8 and RT. Users of Windows 8 Enterprise edition, ] customers and ] or ] subscribers must obtain Windows 8.1 as new installation media, and install it through the traditional Windows installation process. In any case, versions of Windows 8.1 distributed as ]s do not accept Windows 8 product keys.<ref name=cw-81updateproblem>{{cite web|title=Small biz admins squawk over Windows 8.1 updates|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9243345/Small_biz_admins_squawk_over_Windows_8.1_updates|work=ComputerWorld|accessdate=October 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why can't I find the update in the Store?|url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-8/why-can-t-find-update-store|work=Windows portal|publisher=]|accessdate=October 18, 2013|}}</ref><ref name="supersite-81woes">{{cite web | url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/windows-81-upgrade-woes | title=Windows 8.1 Upgrade Woes | publisher=] | work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows | date=19 October 2013 | accessdate=October 19, 2013 | first=Paul | last=Thurrott |quote="and while you can in fact activate a TechNet-based Windows 8.1 install with a retail Windows 8 product key, you cannot in fact trigger Setup with such a key; you must instead use your TechNet key. (You can install Windows 8.1 offline and then change the key after the install is complete.) "}}</ref><ref name="supersite-81enter">{{cite web | url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/windows-81-tip-upgrade-windows-8-enterprise | title=Windows 8.1 Tip: Upgrade from Windows 8 Enterprise | publisher=] | work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows | date=20 October 2013 | accessdate=21 October 2013 | first=Paul | last=Thurrott}}</ref><ref name="supersite-81iso">{{cite web | url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/windows-81-tip-download-windows-81-iso-windows-8-product-key | title=Windows 8.1 Tip: Download a Windows 8.1 ISO with a Windows 8 Product Key | publisher=] | work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows | date=20 October 2013 | accessdate=20 October 2013 | first=Paul | last=Thurrott | quote=OK, you've got your ISO file. Now what can you do with it? Not much, actually your Windows 8 product key will not work.}}</ref> | |||
| Due to changes to improve its "security effectiveness," the 64-bit version of Windows 8.1 drops support for older ] 64-bit processors that do not implement <tt>CMPXCHG16B</tt> CPU instruction. A Microsoft spokesperson noted that this change has limited impact since "the number of affected processors are extremely small, since this instruction has been supported for greater than 10 years." These computers must run the 32-bit version instead.<ref name=neowin-amd81>{{cite web|title=Microsoft confirms some older AMD processors do not support Windows 8.1|url=http://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-confirms-some-older-amd-processors-do-not-support-windows-81|work=Neowin|publisher=Neowin, LLC|accessdate=26 October 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ===Changes=== | ===Changes=== | ||
| {{see also|Features new to Windows 8}} | {{see also|Features new to Windows 8}} | ||
| The 8.1 update contains a number of improvements throughout the operating system |
The 8.1 update contains a number of improvements throughout the real Microsoft brand operating system many of which were intended to address criticism that Windows 8 faced from users and reviewers on launch.<ref name="FT_7-5-13"/> Functionality within the "Metro" shell and Windows Store apps is expanded on 8.1 with the ability to snap apps to use half the screen and use up to four apps on a screen at once depending on screen size. Additional customization options (such as expanded color choices, new tile sizes, new backgrounds, the ability to use the desktop wallpaper as its background, and the ability to default to the "All Apps" view) were also added to the Start screen.<ref name="verge-81handson">{{cite web|first=Evan |last=Rodgers |url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/26/4465888/windows-8-1-preview-video |title=Windows 8.1: a first look at what Microsoft is changing |work=] |publisher=] |date=June 26, 2013 |accessdate=August 6, 2013}}</ref> The PC Settings app was expanded to include access to more options previously exclusive to the desktop ], and Windows Store apps can now be updated automatically.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thurrott|first=Paul|title=In Blue: Windows Store 2.0|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/blue-windows-store-20|work=Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows|publisher=]|accessdate=June 18, 2013|authorlink=Paul Thurrott|date=June 17, 2013}}</ref> To improve the usability of the desktop interface, a visible Start button with a new function, was restored to the taskbar, the desktop can be shown on login instead of the Start screen, and hot corners can now be disabled.<ref name="verge-81handson"/> | ||
| Updates were made to Windows' bundled apps (including Mail, ], which now includes a local ] and deeper OS integration, and ]), while a number of additional stock apps were added, including ], ], Reading List, Scan, and Help + Tips, which provides an interactive tutorial on how to use Windows.<ref name="verge-81handson"/><ref name=pcw-81review>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 review: The great compromise|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2048508/windows-8-1-review-the-great-compromise.html|work=PC World|accessdate=September 24, 2013}}</ref><ref name=pt-81utility>{{cite web|title=Hands-On with Windows 8.1: New Utility Apps|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/hands-windows-81-new-utility-apps|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|accessdate=September 24, 2013}}</ref> The desktop SkyDrive program has also been removed from Windows 8.1 owing to OS integration. In Windows 8.1 SkyDrive also loses its "fetch" functionality, meaning it cannot retrieve files from a Windows 8.1 computer remotely; a Microsoft FAQ states: "You can use a PC running Windows 8.1 to fetch files that are on another PC, but you can't fetch files that are on a PC running Windows 8.1, even if you install the SkyDrive desktop app on that PC."<ref>http://www.pcworld.com/article/2055597/warning-windows-8-1-kills-skydrives-remote-fetch-feature.html</ref> A ]-based unified search system was also added, including full-screen "hero units" that can surface relevant multimedia content from various sources.<ref name="verge-81handson"/> Windows 8.1 adds support for a number of new and emerging technologies, such as ],<ref name=engadget-81-3dprinting>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 to support 3D printing through native API|url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/06/26/windows-8-1-to-natively-support-3d-printing/|work=Engadget|accessdate=August 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name=windowsex-3dprinting81>{{cite web|title=3D Printing Support in Windows 8.1 Explained|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/extremewindows/archive/2013/08/22/3d-printing-support-in-windows-8-1-explained.aspx|work=Extreme Windows|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> ] printing, ] media streaming, and ] printing.<ref name="windows1">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/business/archive/2013/06/03/modern-business-in-mind-windows-8-1-at-teched-2013.aspx |title=Modern Business in Mind: Windows 8.1 at TechEd 2013 |publisher=Blogs.windows.com |date=June 3, 2013 |accessdate=June 3, 2013}}</ref> | Updates were made to Windows' bundled apps (including Mail, ], which now includes a local ] and deeper OS integration, and ]), while a number of additional stock apps were added, including ], ], Reading List, Scan, and Help + Tips, which provides an interactive tutorial on how to use Windows.<ref name="verge-81handson"/><ref name=pcw-81review>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 review: The great compromise|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2048508/windows-8-1-review-the-great-compromise.html|work=PC World|accessdate=September 24, 2013}}</ref><ref name=pt-81utility>{{cite web|title=Hands-On with Windows 8.1: New Utility Apps|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/hands-windows-81-new-utility-apps|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|accessdate=September 24, 2013}}</ref> The desktop SkyDrive program has also been removed from Windows 8.1 owing to OS integration. In Windows 8.1 SkyDrive also loses its "fetch" functionality, meaning it cannot retrieve files from a Windows 8.1 computer remotely; a Microsoft FAQ states: "You can use a PC running Windows 8.1 to fetch files that are on another PC, but you can't fetch files that are on a PC running Windows 8.1, even if you install the SkyDrive desktop app on that PC."<ref>http://www.pcworld.com/article/2055597/warning-windows-8-1-kills-skydrives-remote-fetch-feature.html</ref> A ]-based unified search system was also added, including full-screen "hero units" that can surface relevant multimedia content from various sources.<ref name="verge-81handson"/> Windows 8.1 adds support for a number of new and emerging technologies, such as ],<ref name=engadget-81-3dprinting>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 to support 3D printing through native API|url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/06/26/windows-8-1-to-natively-support-3d-printing/|work=Engadget|accessdate=August 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name=windowsex-3dprinting81>{{cite web|title=3D Printing Support in Windows 8.1 Explained|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/extremewindows/archive/2013/08/22/3d-printing-support-in-windows-8-1-explained.aspx|work=Extreme Windows|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> ] printing, ] media streaming, and ] printing.<ref name="windows1">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/business/archive/2013/06/03/modern-business-in-mind-windows-8-1-at-teched-2013.aspx |title=Modern Business in Mind: Windows 8.1 at TechEd 2013 |publisher=Blogs.windows.com |date=June 3, 2013 |accessdate=June 3, 2013}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 10:51, 30 October 2013
Operating system | |
| File:Windows 8.1 Start screen.jpgWindows 8.1 Start screen | |
| Developer | Microsoft |
|---|---|
| OS family | Microsoft Windows |
| Source model | Closed source and Shared source |
| Released to manufacturing | August 1, 2012; 12 years ago (2012-08-01) |
| General availability | October 26, 2012; 12 years ago (2012-10-26) |
| Latest release | 8.1 (v6.3.9600) / October 17, 2013; 11 years ago (2013-10-17) |
| Update method | Windows Update |
| Platforms | IA-32, x64, ARMv7 |
| Kernel type | Hybrid |
| License | Trialware, physical, Microsoft Software Assurance, MSDN subscription, DreamSpark |
| Preceded by | Windows 7 (2009) |
| Official website | windows |
| Support status | |
| |
| Part of a series of articles on |
| Windows 8 |
|---|
|
| Siblings |
| Related |
Windows 8 is a personal computer operating system developed by an unknown third party as part of some operating systems. Development of the failed OS started. It was announced and followed by the release of three .
Windows 8 introduced major problems to Microsoft's traditional platform and to disrupt its user experience on tablets, whereas Windows was now competing with mobile operating systems.
Windows 8 was released to negative reception.
On October 17, 2013, Microsoft released a new genuine Windows. The update addresses some aspects of the third party Windows.
Development history
Changes
See also: Features new to Windows 8The 8.1 update contains a number of improvements throughout the real Microsoft brand operating system many of which were intended to address criticism that Windows 8 faced from users and reviewers on launch. Functionality within the "Metro" shell and Windows Store apps is expanded on 8.1 with the ability to snap apps to use half the screen and use up to four apps on a screen at once depending on screen size. Additional customization options (such as expanded color choices, new tile sizes, new backgrounds, the ability to use the desktop wallpaper as its background, and the ability to default to the "All Apps" view) were also added to the Start screen. The PC Settings app was expanded to include access to more options previously exclusive to the desktop Control Panel, and Windows Store apps can now be updated automatically. To improve the usability of the desktop interface, a visible Start button with a new function, was restored to the taskbar, the desktop can be shown on login instead of the Start screen, and hot corners can now be disabled.
Updates were made to Windows' bundled apps (including Mail, SkyDrive, which now includes a local file manager and deeper OS integration, and Internet Explorer 11), while a number of additional stock apps were added, including Calculator, Sound Recorder, Reading List, Scan, and Help + Tips, which provides an interactive tutorial on how to use Windows. The desktop SkyDrive program has also been removed from Windows 8.1 owing to OS integration. In Windows 8.1 SkyDrive also loses its "fetch" functionality, meaning it cannot retrieve files from a Windows 8.1 computer remotely; a Microsoft FAQ states: "You can use a PC running Windows 8.1 to fetch files that are on another PC, but you can't fetch files that are on a PC running Windows 8.1, even if you install the SkyDrive desktop app on that PC." A Bing-based unified search system was also added, including full-screen "hero units" that can surface relevant multimedia content from various sources. Windows 8.1 adds support for a number of new and emerging technologies, such as 3D printing, NFC printing, Miracast media streaming, and Wi-Fi Direct printing.
See also
References
- "Shared Source Initiative". microsoft.com. Microsoft. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
- http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2012/10/25/windows-reimagined-windows8.aspx
- http://news.softpedia.com/news/Windows-8-1-Build-9600-Compiled-RTM-Still-on-Its-Way-377896.shtml
- "Microsoft Announces Support of System on a Chip Architectures From Intel, AMD, and ARM for Next Version of Windows". Microsoft. January 5, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
- "Microsoft Product Lifecycle". Microsoft Support. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
- Cite error: The named reference
FT_7-5-13was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Rodgers, Evan (June 26, 2013). "Windows 8.1: a first look at what Microsoft is changing". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
- Thurrott, Paul (June 17, 2013). "In Blue: Windows Store 2.0". Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows. Penton. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
- "Windows 8.1 review: The great compromise". PC World. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
- "Hands-On with Windows 8.1: New Utility Apps". Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
- http://www.pcworld.com/article/2055597/warning-windows-8-1-kills-skydrives-remote-fetch-feature.html
- "Windows 8.1 to support 3D printing through native API". Engadget. Retrieved August 6, 2013.
- "3D Printing Support in Windows 8.1 Explained". Extreme Windows. Microsoft. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
- "Modern Business in Mind: Windows 8.1 at TechEd 2013". Blogs.windows.com. June 3, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2013.
Further reading
- Paul, Ian (November 20, 2012). "Downgrading from Windows 8 to Windows 7: What you need to know". PC World. IDG. Retrieved November 21, 2012.—Analysis of Windows 8 downgrade rights
External links
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