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| {{Infobox royalty | |||
| | name = Archduke Franz Ferdinand | |||
| | succession = ] | |||
| | reign = 1875–1914 | |||
| | reign-type = Pretendence | |||
| | predecessor = ] | |||
| | successor = ] | |||
| | image = Franz ferdinand.jpg | |||
| | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1863|12|18}} | |||
| | birth_place = ], ] | |||
| | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1914|6|28|1863|12|18}} | |||
| | death_place = ], ] | |||
| | spouse = ] | |||
| | issue = ]<br>]<br>] | |||
| | house = ] | |||
| | father = ] | |||
| | mother = ] | |||
| | religion = ] | |||
| | signature = Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Signature.svg | |||
| }} | |||
| ] | |||
| '''Franz Ferdinand''' (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was an ] of ], Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of ] and of ], and from 1889 until his death, ] to the ] throne.<ref> | |||
| {{cite book | |||
| |title = Royal Sunset: The European Dynasties and the Great War | |||
| |last = Brook-Shepherd, Gordon | |||
| |publisher = Doubleday | |||
| |year = 1987 | |||
| |page = 139 | |||
| |isbn = 978-0-385-19849-3 | |||
| }} | |||
| </ref> | |||
| His ] in ] precipitated Austria-Hungary's ] against ]. This caused the ] (including ] and Austria-Hungary) and the ] (countries allied with Serbia or Serbia's allies) to declare war on each other, starting ].<ref> | |||
| {{cite book | |||
| |title =World War I | |||
| |publisher =Mariner Books | |||
| |first =S.L.A. | |||
| |last =Marshall | |||
| |authorlink=S.L.A. Marshall | |||
| |isbn =0-618-05686-6|year=2001 | |||
| |page =1 | |||
| }}</ref><ref> | |||
| {{cite book | |||
| |title =The First World War | |||
| |publisher =Vintage | |||
| |isbn =0-375-70045-5 | |||
| |year =2000 | |||
| |last =Keegan, John |authorlink=John Keegan | |||
| |page =48 | |||
| }}</ref><ref name="johnson"> | |||
| {{cite book | |||
| |title =Introducing Austria: A Short History (Studies in Austrian Literature, Culture, and Thought) | |||
| |last =Johnson, Lonnie | |||
| |publisher =Ariadne Press | |||
| |year =1989 | |||
| |isbn =0-929497-03-1 | |||
| |pages =52–54 | |||
| }}</ref> | |||
| ==Early life== | |||
| He was born in ], Austria, the eldest son of ] (younger brother of ] and ]) and of his second wife, ]. When he was only eleven years old, his cousin ] died, naming Franz Ferdinand his heir on condition that he add the name Este to his own. Franz Ferdinand thus became one of the wealthiest men in Austria. | |||
| ==Heir presumptive== | |||
| In 1889, Franz Ferdinand's life changed dramatically. His cousin ] committed suicide at his hunting lodge in ].<ref name="brook"> | |||
| {{cite book | |||
| |title=The Austrians: A Thousand-Years Odyssey | |||
| |last=Brook-Shepherd, Gordon | |||
| |year=1997 | |||
| |publisher=Carroll & Graf | |||
| |isbn=0-7867-0520-5 | |||
| |pages=107, 125–126 | |||
| }} | |||
| </ref> This left Franz Ferdinand's father, Karl Ludwig, as first in line to the throne. Karl Ludwig renounced the throne in favor of Franz Ferdinand almost immediately, and died of typhoid fever in 1896.<ref> | |||
| {{cite news | |||
| |title =The Crown Prince’s Successor | |||
| |publisher =The New York Times | |||
| |date = 2 February 1889 | |||
| | url =http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F04E0D9153AE033A25751C0A9649C94689FD7CF | |||
| }} Accessed 22 May 2009.</ref> Henceforth, Franz Ferdinand was groomed to succeed to the throne. Despite this burden, he did manage to find time for travel and personal pursuits, such as the time he spent hunting ]s and ]s in Australia in 1893,<ref> | |||
| {{cite news | |||
| |title=The Archduke Franz Ferdinand | |||
| |publisher=] | |||
| |date = 23 May 1895 | |||
| |url = http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/8554706?searchTerm=Franz+Ferdinand | |||
| }} Accessed 28 June 2010</ref> on to New Zealand, Nouméa, New Hebrides, Solomon Islands, New Guinea, Sarawak, Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan,<ref>; Retrieved 2 September 2013</ref> and the return trip to Austria sailing across the Pacific on the ] from ] to ].<ref>. (in ] and in ]) p. 8. Exhibition by the Austrian Mint, 17 August - 3 February 2006. ''Münze Österreich'' (Austrian Mint). Accessed 22 May 2009.</ref> | |||
| ==Military career== | |||
| Franz Ferdinand, like most males in the ruling ] line, entered the ] at a young age. He was frequently and rapidly promoted, given the rank of ] at age fourteen, ] at twenty-two, ] at twenty-seven, and ] at thirty-one.<ref name="Rothenburg, G. 1976. p 141">Rothenburg, G. ''The Army of Francis Joseph''. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1976. p 141.</ref> While never receiving formal staff training, he was considered eligible for command and at one point briefly led the primarily Hungarian 9th ] Regiment.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=120}} In 1898 he was given a commission "at the special disposition of His Majesty" to make inquiries into all aspects of the military services and military agencies were commanded to share their papers with him.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=141}} | |||
| He exerted influence on the armed forces even when he did not hold a specific command through a military ] that produced and received documents and papers on military affairs. This was headed by ] and eventually employed a staff of sixteen.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=141}}. | |||
| Franz in 1913, as heir-presumptive to the elderly emperor, had been appointed inspector general of all the armed forces of Austria-Hungary (''Generalinspektor der gesamten bewaffneten Macht''), a position superior to that previously held by ] and including presumed command in wartime.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=170}} | |||
| ==Marriage and family== | |||
| In 1894 Franz Ferdinand met Countess ] at a ball in ]. To be eligible to marry a member of the Imperial ], one had to be a member of one of the reigning or formerly reigning dynasties of Europe. The Choteks were not one of these families, although they did include among their ancestors, in the female line, princes of ], ], and ]. One of Sophie's direct ancestors was ]; she was descended from Elisabeth of Habsburg, a sister of King ]. Franz Ferdinand was a descendant of King Rudolph I. Sophie was a ] to ], wife of ]. Franz Ferdinand began to visit Archduke Friedrich's villa in Pressburg (now ]). Sophie wrote to Franz Ferdinand during his convalescence from ] on the island of ] in the ]. They kept their relationship a secret for more than two years.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} | |||
| Deeply in love, Franz Ferdinand refused to consider marrying anyone else. ], Tsar ], and the ] all made representations on his behalf to Emperor ], arguing that the disagreement between Franz Joseph and Franz Ferdinand was undermining the stability of the monarchy.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} | |||
| Finally, in 1899, Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to permit Franz Ferdinand to marry Sophie, on condition that the marriage would be ] and that their descendants would not have succession rights to the throne.<ref name="brook"/><!-- pg. 126 --> Sophie would not share her husband's rank, title, ], or privileges; as such, she would not normally appear in public beside him. She would not be allowed to ride in the royal carriage or sit in the royal box in theaters.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} | |||
| The wedding took place on 1 July 1900, at Reichstadt (now ]) in ]; Franz Joseph did not attend the affair, nor did any archduke including Franz Ferdinand's brothers.<ref name="brook"/><!-- pg. 126 --> The only members of the imperial family who were present were Franz Ferdinand's stepmother, ], and her two daughters. Upon the marriage, Sophie was given the title "Princess of Hohenberg" (''Fürstin von Hohenberg'') with the style "Her Serene Highness" (''Ihre Durchlaucht''). In 1909, she was given the more senior title "Duchess of Hohenberg" (''Herzogin von Hohenberg'') with the style "Her Highness" (''Ihre Hoheit''). This raised her status considerably, but she still yielded precedence at court to all the archduchesses. Whenever a function required the couple to assemble with the other members of the imperial family, Sophie was forced to stand far down the line, separated from her husband.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} | |||
| Franz Ferdinand's children were: | |||
| * ] (1901–1990), married Count Friedrich von Nostitz-Rieneck (1891–1973) | |||
| * ] (1902–1962), married Countess Elisabeth von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee (1904–1993) | |||
| * ] (1904–1954), married Marie-Therese Wood (1910–1985) | |||
| * Stillborn son (1908), buried in ], near his parents<ref>Schwarz, Otto. ''Hinter den Fassaden der Ringstrasse: Geschichte, Menschen, Geheimnisse''. Amalthea, Vienna, 2007, ISBN 9783850025898, p. 26 {{de icon}}</ref><ref>, Artstetten Castle.</ref> | |||
| ==Character== | |||
| The German historian Michael Freund described Franz Ferdinand as "a man of uninspired energy, dark in appearance and emotion, who radiated an aura of strangeness and cast a shadow of violence and recklessness ... a true personality amidst the amiable inanity that characterized Austrian society at this time."<ref>Freund, Michael: Deutsche Geschichte. Die Große Bertelsmann Lexikon-Bibliothek, Bd. 7. C. Bertelsmann Verlag, 1961. p.901</ref> As his sometime admirer ] put it, "he was not one who would greet you ... he felt no compulsion to reach out for the unexplored region which the Viennese call their heart."<ref>''Die Fackel''. Issue July 10, 1914</ref> His relations with Emperor Franz Joseph were tense; the emperor's personal servant recalled in his memoirs that "thunder and lightning always raged when they had their discussions."<ref>Ketterl, Eugen. ''Der alte Kaiser wie nur einer ihn sah''. Cissy Klastersky (ed.), Gerold & Co., Vienna 1929</ref> The commentaries and orders which the heir to the throne wrote as margin notes to the documents of the Imperial central commission for architectural conservation (where he was Protector) reveal what can be described as "choleric conservativism."<ref>Brückler, Theodor: ''Franz Ferdinand als Denkmalpfleger''. Die "Kunstakten" der Militärkanzlei im Österreichischen Staatsarchiv. Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 2009. ISBN 978-3-205-78306-0</ref> The Italian historian Leo Valiani provided the following description. | |||
| {{quote|Francis Ferdinand was a prince of absolutist inclinations, but he had certain intellectual gifts and undoubted moral earnestness. One of his projects--though because of his impatient, suspicious, almost hysterical temperament, his commitment to it, and the methods by which he proposed to bring it about, often changed--was to consolidate the structure of the state and the authority and popularity of the Crown, on which he saw clearly that the fate of the dynasty depended, by abolishing, if not the dominance of the German Austrians, which he wished to maintain for military reasons, though he wanted to diminish it in the civil administration, certainly the far more burdensome sway of the Magyars over the Slav and Romanian nationalities which in 1848-49 had saved the dynasty in armed combat with the Hungarian revolution. Baron Margutti, Francis Joseph's aide-de-camp, was told by Francis Ferdinand in 1895 and--with a remarkable consistency in view of the changes that took place in the intervening years--again in 1913, that the introduction of the dual system in 1867 had been disastrous and that, when he ascended the throne, he intended to re-establish strong central government: this objective, he believed, could be attained only by the simultaneous granting of far-reaching administrative autonomy to all the nationalities of the monarchy. In a letter of February 1, 1913, to Berchtold, the Foreign Minister, in which he gave his reasons for not wanting war with Serbia, the Archduke said that "irredentism in our country ... will cease immediately if our Slavs are given a comfortable, fair and good life" instead of being trampled on (as they were being trampled on by the Hungarians). It must have been this which caused Berchtold, in a character sketch of Francis Ferdinand written ten years after his death, to say that, if he had succeeded to the throne, he would have tried to replace the dual system by a supranational federation.<ref>Valiani, Leo, ''The End of Austria-Hungary'', Alfred A. Knopf, New York (1973) pp. 9-10 </ref>}} | |||
| Franz Ferdinand had a fondness for ] that was excessive even by the standards of European nobility of this time.<ref>Wladimir Aichelburg, ''Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand von Österreich-Este und Artstetten'', Vienna: Lehner, 2000, ISBN 978-3-901749-18-6, p. 31 {{de icon}}: "Tatsächlich war Franz Ferdinand ein außergewöhnlich leidenschaftlicher Jäger" - "It is a fact that Franz Ferdinand was an unusually passionate hunter."</ref> In his diaries he kept track of an estimated 300,000 game kills, 5,000 of which were ]. Approximately 100,000 trophies were on exhibit at his Bohemian castle at ]<ref>], ed. Friedrich Weissensteiner, ''75 Jahre aus bewegter Zeit: Lebenserinnerungen eines österreichischen Staatsmannes'', Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für neuere Geschichte Österreichs 64, Vienna: Böhlau, 1978, ISBN 978-3-205-08565-2, p. 367 {{de icon}}: ''"Konopischt ... das einst dem Erzherzoge Franz Ferdinand gehört hatte. Das Schloß ist voller Jagdtrophäen"'' - "Konopiště ... which once belonged to Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The castle is full of hunting trophies."</ref><ref>Neil Wilson and Mark Baker, ''Prague: City Guide'', Lonely Planet City Guide, 9th ed. Footscray, Victoria / Oakland, California / London: Lonely Planet, 2010, ISBN 978-1-74179-668-1, .</ref> which he also stuffed with various antiquities, his other great passion.<ref>Thomas Veszelits, ''Prag'', HB-Bildatlas 248, Ostfildern: HB, 2003, ISBN 978-3-616-06152-8, p. 106. {{de icon}}: ''"Jagdtrophäen, Waffen aus drei Jahrhunderten und Kunstschätze füllten die Räume"'' - "Hunting trophies, weapons dating to three centuries, and art treasures filled the rooms."</ref> | |||
| ==Political views== | |||
| ] planned by Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the member states with separate governments]] | |||
| Historians have disagreed on how to characterize the political philosophies of Franz Ferdinand, some attributing generally liberal views on the empire's nationalities while others have emphasized his dynastic centralism, Catholic conservatism, and tendency to clash with other leaders.<ref name="Rothenburg, G. 1976. p 141"/> He advocated granting greater autonomy to ethnic groups within the Empire and addressing their grievances, especially the Czechs in ] and the south Slavic peoples in ] and ], who had been left out of the Austro-Hungarian compromise of 1867.<ref> | |||
| {{cite book | |||
| |title = Thunder at Twilight: Vienna 1913/1914 | |||
| |last = Morton, Frederick | |||
| |year = 1989 | |||
| |publisher = Scribner | |||
| |page = 191 | |||
| |ISBN = 978-0-684-19143-0 | |||
| }}</ref> Yet his feelings towards the Hungarians were less generous, often described as antipathy. For example, in 1904 he wrote that "''The Hungarians are all rabble, regardless of whether they are minister or duke, cardinal or burgher, peasant, hussar, domestic servant, or revolutionary''" and he regarded even ] as a revolutionary and "''patented traitor''".<ref name="Köpeczi">{{cite book | last1 = Köpeczi | first1 = Béla (General Editor) | last2 = Szász | first2 = Zoltán (Editor) | title = History of Transylvania | publisher = Akadémiai Kiadó | year = 1994 | location = Budapest | url = http://mek.oszk.hu/03400/03407/html/413.html| doi = | isbn = 963-05-6703-2}}</ref> He regarded ] as a revolutionary threat to the Habsburg dynasty and reportedly became angry when officers of the 9th Hussars Regiment (which he commanded) spoke Hungarian in his presence - despite the fact that it was the official regimental language.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=120}} He further regarded the Hungarian branch of the Dual Monarchy’s army, the ], as an unreliable and potentially threatening force within the empire, complaining at the Hungarians' failure to provide funds for the joint army{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=147}} and opposing the formation of artillery units within the Hungarian forces.{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=133}} | |||
| He also advocated a careful approach towards ] - repeatedly locking horns with ], Vienna's hard-line Chief of the General Staff, warning that harsh treatment of Serbia would bring Austria-Hungary into open conflict with ], to the ruin of both Empires. | |||
| He was disappointed when Austria-Hungary failed to act as a Great Power, such as during the ], in 1900. Other nations, including, in his description, "dwarf states like Belgium and Portugal",{{sfn|Rothenburg|1976|p=136}} had soldiers stationed in China, but Austria-Hungary did not. However, Austria-Hungary did participate in the ] to suppress the Boxers, and sent soldiers as part of the "international relief force". | |||
| Franz Ferdinand was a prominent and influential supporter of the ] in a time when sea power was not a priority in Austrian foreign policy and the Navy was relatively little known and supported by the public. After his assassination in 1914, the Navy honoured Franz Ferdinand and his wife with a ] aboard ]. | |||
| ==Assassination== | |||
| {{Main|Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria}} | |||
| ] | |||
| <div style="float:left;clear:left;"> | |||
| ] ''Bois de Boulogne'' tourer in which Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were riding at the time of their assassination is now located in the ] in Vienna]] | |||
| ] | |||
| </div> | |||
| {{multiple image | |||
| |align = right | |||
| |direction = vertical | |||
| |width = 200 | |||
| | image1 = Sarajevo princip bruecke.jpg | |||
| | alt1 = Latin bridge (prev. Princip bridge) in Sarajevo. Across the bridge is a street of several grayish houses not more than four stories high. | |||
| | caption1 = The Latin Bridge near the assassination site | |||
| | image2 = Franzferdinand40hel1917.jpg | |||
| | alt2 = The bluish-tinted stamp shows Sophia, duchess of Hohenberg on the left, and Franz Ferdinand on the right. The stamp is titled "Militärpost" ("Military Mail") at the top, and the date of the couple's deaths at the bottom. | |||
| | caption2 = Austria-Hungary commemorative postage stamp | |||
| }} | |||
| On Sunday, 28 June 1914, at approximately 10:45 am, Franz Ferdinand and his wife were killed in ], the capital of the Austro-Hungarian province of ], by ], 19 at the time, a member of ] and one of a group of assassins organized by the ].<ref name="johnson"/> The event led to a chain of events that eventually triggered ]. | |||
| Earlier in the day the couple had been attacked by a Nedeljko Čabrinović, who had thrown a grenade at their car. However, the bomb detonated behind them, hurting the occupants in the following car. On arriving at the Governor's residence Franz angrily shouted, "So this is how you welcome your guests - with bombs?!"<ref name="beyer146">Beyer, Rick, ''The Greatest Stories Never Told'', A&E Television Networks / The History Channel, ISBN 0-06-001401-6. p. 146-147</ref> | |||
| After a short rest at the Governor's residence the royal couple insisted on seeing all those who had been injured by the bomb at the local hospital. Unfortunately, no one told the drivers that the itinerary had been changed. When the error was discovered the drivers had to turn around. As the cars backed down the street and onto a side street, the line of cars stalled. At this same time Princip was sitting at a cafe across the street. He instantly seized his opportunity and walked across the street and shot the royal couple. <ref name="beyer146"/> He first shot Sophie in the abdomen and then Franz Ferdinand shot in the neck. Franz leaned over his wife crying. He was still alive when witnesses arrived to render aid.<ref name="johnson"/> His dying words to Sophie were, 'Don't die darling, live for our children.'<ref name="beyer146"/> Princip's weapon was the ] cartridge,<ref>{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Melvin Maynard|title=Automatic arms: their history, development and use|year=1941|publisher=W. Marrow and co|coauthors=Charles Tower Haven|page=46}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Weir|first=William R|title=Turning points in military history|year=2005|publisher=Citadel|isbn=978-0-8065-2627-0|page=142|quote=The spark was supplied by a .32 caliber pistol}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Miller|first=David|title=The History of Browning Firearms: Fortifications Around the World|year=2006|publisher=The Lyons Press|isbn=978-1-59228-910-3|page=128}}</ref> a relatively low-power round, and a pocket-sized ] pistol.<ref> | |||
| {{cite book | |||
| |last = Belfield, Richard | |||
| |title = The Assassination Business: A History of State-Sponsored Murder | |||
| |publisher = Carroll & Graf | |||
| |ISBN = 978-0-7867-1343-1 | |||
| }}</ref> The archduke's aides attempted to undo his coat but realized they needed scissors to cut it open. It was too late; he died within minutes. Sophie also died en route to the hospital.<ref> | |||
| {{cite book | |||
| |title = The Last Kaiser: The Life of Wilhelm II | |||
| |page = 351 | |||
| |last = MacDonogh, Giles | |||
| |publisher = St. Martin's Griffin | |||
| |year = 2003 | |||
| |isbn = 978-0-312-30557-4 | |||
| }}</ref> | |||
| A detailed account of the shooting can be found in ''Sarajevo'' by Joachim Remak:<ref>{{cite book | |||
| |last = Remak, Joachim | |||
| |year = 1959 | |||
| |title = Sarajevo: The Story of a Political Murder | |||
| |publisher = Criterion | |||
| |pages = 137–142 | |||
| |asin = B001L4NB5U}}(] B001L4NB5U)</ref> | |||
| <blockquote>One bullet pierced Franz Ferdinand's neck while the other pierced Sophie's abdomen. ... As the car was reversing (to go back to the Governor's residence because the entourage thought the Imperial couple were unhurt) a thin streak of blood shot from the Archduke's mouth onto Count Harrach's right cheek (he was standing on the car's running board). Harrach drew out a handkerchief to still the gushing blood. The Duchess, seeing this, called: "For Heaven's sake! What happened to you?" and sank from her seat, her face falling between her husband's knees.</blockquote> | |||
| <blockquote> | |||
| Harrach and Potoriek ... thought she had fainted ... only her husband seemed to have an instinct for what was happening. Turning to his wife despite the bullet in his neck, Franz Ferdinand pleaded: "''Sopherl! Sopherl! Sterbe nicht! Bleibe am Leben für unsere Kinder!'' - Sophie dear! Don't die! Stay alive for our children!" Having said this, he seemed to sag down himself. His plumed hat ... fell off; many of its green feathers were found all over the car floor. Count Harrach seized the Archduke by the uniform collar to hold him up. He asked "''Leiden Eure Kaiserliche Hoheit sehr?'' - Is Your Imperial Highness suffering very badly?" "Es ist nichts - It is nothing" said the Archduke in a weak but audible voice. He seemed to be losing consciousness during his last few minutes, but, his voice growing steadily weaker, he repeated the phrase perhaps six or seven times more.</blockquote> | |||
| <blockquote> | |||
| A ] began to issue from his throat, which subsided as the car drew in front of the Konak bersibin (Town Hall). | |||
| Despite several doctors' efforts, the Archduke died shortly after being carried into the building while his beloved wife was almost certainly dead from internal bleeding before the motorcade reached the Konak. | |||
| </blockquote> | |||
| The assassinations, along with the ], ], ], ], and the alliance system all contributed to the ], which began a month after Franz Ferdinand's death, with Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia.<ref>Johnson. p. 56</ref> The assassination of Ferdinand is considered the most immediate cause of World War I.<ref>John McCannon, PhD. - ''AP World History'' - Copyright 2010, 2008, Barron's Educational Series, Inc. - page 9.</ref> | |||
| Franz Ferdinand is interred with his wife Sophie in ], Austria. | |||
| == Commemorations== | |||
| ] | |||
| ]]] | |||
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his ] were selected as a main motif for the Austrian 10 euro ], minted on 13 October 2004. The reverse shows the entrance to the crypt of the Hohenberg family. There are two portraits below, showing Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg.<ref>. Austriancoins.com (2002-10-09). Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref> | |||
| The British band ] named themselves after him.<ref>. FeelNumb.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-16.</ref> | |||
| {{-}} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==Ancestry== | |||
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| ==References== | |||
| ===Notes=== | |||
| {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Commons category}} | |||
| {{wikiquote}} | |||
| * (in ]) | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| *{{Cite EB1922|Francis Ferdinand|author=Alfred Francis Pribram}} | |||
| {{S-start}} | |||
| {{s-hou|]|18 December|1863|28 June|1914|]}} | |||
| {{s-roy|}} | |||
| {{Succession box|before=]|title=]|years=1875–1914|after=]}} | |||
| {{s-pre|}} | |||
| {{s-bef|before=]}} | |||
| {{s-tul|title=]|years=1875–1914|reason=}} | |||
| {{s-aft|after=]}} | |||
| {{end}} | |||
| {{Austrian archdukes}} | |||
| {{Persondata | |||
| | NAME = Franz Ferdinand Of Austria, Archduke | |||
| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | |||
| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | |||
| | DATE OF BIRTH = 18 December 1863 | |||
| | PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ] | |||
| | DATE OF DEATH = 28 June 1914 | |||
| | PLACE OF DEATH = ], ] | |||
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Franz Ferdinand Of Austria, Archduke}} | |||
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Revision as of 18:09, 5 November 2013
Basically he was a nob jockey :)