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==Meteorological history== ==Meteorological history==
{{storm path|Haiyan 2013 track.png}} {{storm path|Haiyan 2013 track.png}}
On November&nbsp;2, the ] (JTWC) began monitoring a broad ] located about 425&nbsp;km (265&nbsp;mi) east-southeast of ], one of the states in the ]. The system featured broken ] alongside steadily consolidating ]. Environmental conditions ahead of the disturbance favored ] and ] predicted that a well-defined ] would form within 72&nbsp;hours.<ref>{{cite web|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans|date=November 2, 2013|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KpCqHoqW|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|accessdate=November 8, 2013}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The ] is a joint ]&nbsp;– ] task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|title=Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement|year=2011|accessdate=November 8, 2013|url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archivedate=July 26, 2007}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Early on November&nbsp;3, the ] (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.<ref>{{cite web|title=WWJP25 RJTD 030000|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KqkZ1bEo|date=November 3, 2013|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The ] is the official ] for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo&nbsp;– Typhoon Center 2000|date=February&nbsp;2001|accessdate=November 8, 2013|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|page=3|format=PDF}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Owing to a consolidating low-level circulation center with building deep convection, the JTWC also classified the system as a tropical depression, shortly after issuing a ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 31W (Thirty-One) Warning Nr 01|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KsFzVSZM|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 3, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (WTPN22 PGTW 030530)|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KqkMpt9o|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> Subsequent intensification resulted in the JMA upgrading the system to a tropical storm and ] ''Haiyan'' at 0000&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;4.<ref>{{cite web|title=WTPQ21 RJTD 040000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KsFQg1Vp|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> Meanwhile, the JTWC also upgraded it to a tropical storm, when the expansive system was steadily consolidating in an area of weak to moderate vertical ] and tracking westward along the southern periphery of a ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 04|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KsFydcwI|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> By November&nbsp;5, the storm began to undergo ] as a prominent ] with an embedded ] began developed. Owing to the formation of an eye, the JTWC estimated Haiyan to have achieved typhoon status around 0000&nbsp;UTC that day.<ref>{{cite web|title=WTPQ21 RJTD 050000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Ktj0rYlD|date=November 5, 2013|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 08|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KtjQUsLR|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> The JMA followed suit 18&nbsp;hours later,<ref>{{cite web|title=WTPQ21 RJTD 051800 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KvDsNmJ7|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> by which time the JTWC estimated one-minute sustained winds to have reached 195&nbsp;km/h (120&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 5, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 011|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KvEJuY37}}</ref> On November&nbsp;2, the ] (JTWC) began monitoring a broad ] located about 425&nbsp;km (265&nbsp;mi) east-southeast of ], one of the states in the ]. The system featured broken ] alongside steadily consolidating ]. Environmental conditions ahead of the disturbance favored ] and ] predicted that a well-defined ] would form within 72&nbsp;hours.<ref>{{cite web|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans|date=November 2, 2013|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KpCqHoqW|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|accessdate=November 8, 2013}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The ] is a joint ]&nbsp;– ] task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|title=Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement|year=2011|accessdate=November 8, 2013|url=https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070726103400/https://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/menu/JTWC_mission.html|archivedate=July 26, 2007}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Early on November&nbsp;3, the ] (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression.<ref>{{cite web|title=WWJP25 RJTD 030000|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KqkZ1bEo|date=November 3, 2013|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|The ] is the official ] for the western Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|title=Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo&nbsp;– Typhoon Center 2000|date=February&nbsp;2001|accessdate=November 8, 2013|url=http://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/AnnualReport/2000/Text/Text2000.pdf|page=3|format=PDF}}</ref>|group="nb"}} Owing to a consolidating low-level circulation center with building deep convection, the JTWC also classified the system as a tropical depression, shortly after issuing a ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 31W (Thirty-One) Warning Nr 01|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KsFzVSZM|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 3, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (WTPN22 PGTW 030530)|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KqkMpt9o|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> Subsequent intensification resulted in the JMA upgrading the system to a tropical storm and ] ''Haiyan'' at 0000&nbsp;UTC on November&nbsp;4.<ref>{{cite web|title=WTPQ21 RJTD 040000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KsFQg1Vp|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> Meanwhile, the JTWC also upgraded it to a tropical storm, when the expansive system was steadily consolidating in an area of weak to moderate vertical ] and tracking westward along the southern periphery of a ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 04|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KsFydcwI|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 4, 2013|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> By November&nbsp;5, the storm began to undergo ] as a prominent ] with an embedded ] began developing. Owing to the formation of an eye, the JTWC estimated Haiyan to have achieved typhoon status around 0000&nbsp;UTC that day.<ref>{{cite web|title=WTPQ21 RJTD 050000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Ktj0rYlD|date=November 5, 2013|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 08|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KtjQUsLR|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> The JMA followed suit 18&nbsp;hours later,<ref>{{cite web|title=WTPQ21 RJTD 051800 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KvDsNmJ7|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency|accessdate=November 6, 2013|date=November 5, 2013}}</ref> by which time the JTWC estimated one-minute sustained winds to have reached 195&nbsp;km/h (120&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 5, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 011|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KvEJuY37}}</ref>


A small typhoon, with a core roughly 110&nbsp;km (70&nbsp;mi) across, rapid intensification continued through November&nbsp;6 as a 11&nbsp;km (7&nbsp;mi) wide pin-hole eye formed. Upper-level ] favored further strengthening of the system and was further enhanced by a ] to the northeast.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 5, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 11|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KvEfC6IU}}</ref> Intense banding features along the southern periphery of Haiyan wrapped into the system as well. Early on November&nbsp;6, the JTWC estimated the system to have achieved super typhoon status.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 6, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 12|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KvEexek2}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|A super typhoon is defined as a tropical cyclone with one-minute sustained winds of at least 240&nbsp;km/h (150&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|author=Gary Padgett, Kevin Boyle, and Simon Clarke|publisher=Typhoon 2000|date=February 21, 2007|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary – October 2006|url=http://www.typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/oct06sum.txt|format=Report}}</ref>|group="nb"|name="STY"}} That day, the ] assigned the storm the local name ''Yolanda'' as it approached their ].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|date=November 6, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number One|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Kwnw52sm}}</ref> Intensification slowed somewhat during the day, though the JTWC estimated the storm to have attained ] status on the ] around 1200&nbsp;UTC. At this time, Haiyan displayed a 15&nbsp;km (9&nbsp;mi) wide eye surrounded by a ring of deep convection.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 6, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Nr 14|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KwmydkMk}}</ref> Later, the eye of the typhoon passed over the island of ] in ].<ref name="palau"/> A small typhoon, with a core roughly 110&nbsp;km (70&nbsp;mi) across, rapid intensification continued through November&nbsp;6 as a 11&nbsp;km (7&nbsp;mi) wide pin-hole eye formed. Upper-level ] favored further strengthening of the system and was further enhanced by a ] to the northeast.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 5, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 11|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KvEfC6IU}}</ref> Intense banding features along the southern periphery of Haiyan wrapped into the system as well. Early on November&nbsp;6, the JTWC estimated the system to have achieved super typhoon status.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 6, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 12|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KvEexek2}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|A super typhoon is defined as a tropical cyclone with one-minute sustained winds of at least 240&nbsp;km/h (150&nbsp;mph).<ref>{{cite web|author=Gary Padgett, Kevin Boyle, and Simon Clarke|publisher=Typhoon 2000|date=February 21, 2007|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary – October 2006|url=http://www.typhoon2000.ph/garyp_mgtcs/oct06sum.txt|format=Report}}</ref>|group="nb"|name="STY"}} That day, the ] assigned the storm the local name ''Yolanda'' as it approached their ].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|date=November 6, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number One|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6Kwnw52sm}}</ref> Intensification slowed somewhat during the day, though the JTWC estimated the storm to have attained ] status on the ] around 1200&nbsp;UTC. At this time, Haiyan displayed a 15&nbsp;km (9&nbsp;mi) wide eye surrounded by a ring of deep convection.<ref>{{cite web|work=Joint Typhoon Warning Center|publisher=United States Navy|date=November 6, 2013|accessdate=November 8, 2013|title=Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Nr 14|url=http://www.webcitation.org/6KwmydkMk}}</ref> Later, the eye of the typhoon passed over the island of ] in ].<ref name="palau"/>

Revision as of 00:39, 9 November 2013

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This article is about the 2013 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see Typhoon Haiyan.
Haiyan (Yolanda)
Current storm status
Category 4 super typhoon (1-min mean)
Satellite image Forecast map
As of:18:00 UTC November 8
Location:12.4°N 118.2°E
About 170 nmi (310 km; 200 mi) S of Manila, Philippines
Sustained winds:90 (10-min mean)
135 (1-min mean)
gusting to 130
Pressure:940
Movement:W at 22 kn (41 km/h; 25 mph)
See more detailed information.

Typhoon Haiyan (known in the Philippines as Typhoon Yolanda) is a powerful tropical cyclone currently in the South China Sea. Haiyan, which means petrel in Chinese (海燕), is one of the most intense tropical cyclones on record.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key Saffir–Simpson scale   Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown Storm type circle Tropical cyclone square Subtropical cyclone triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On November 2, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began monitoring a broad area of low pressure located about 425 km (265 mi) east-southeast of Pohnpei, one of the states in the Federated States of Micronesia. The system featured broken banding features alongside steadily consolidating convection. Environmental conditions ahead of the disturbance favored tropical cyclogenesis and dynamic weather forecast models predicted that a well-defined tropical cyclone would form within 72 hours. Early on November 3, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the system as a tropical depression. Owing to a consolidating low-level circulation center with building deep convection, the JTWC also classified the system as a tropical depression, shortly after issuing a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. Subsequent intensification resulted in the JMA upgrading the system to a tropical storm and assigning it the name Haiyan at 0000 UTC on November 4. Meanwhile, the JTWC also upgraded it to a tropical storm, when the expansive system was steadily consolidating in an area of weak to moderate vertical wind shear and tracking westward along the southern periphery of a subtropical ridge. By November 5, the storm began to undergo rapid intensification as a prominent central dense overcast with an embedded eye began developing. Owing to the formation of an eye, the JTWC estimated Haiyan to have achieved typhoon status around 0000 UTC that day. The JMA followed suit 18 hours later, by which time the JTWC estimated one-minute sustained winds to have reached 195 km/h (120 mph).

A small typhoon, with a core roughly 110 km (70 mi) across, rapid intensification continued through November 6 as a 11 km (7 mi) wide pin-hole eye formed. Upper-level outflow favored further strengthening of the system and was further enhanced by a Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough to the northeast. Intense banding features along the southern periphery of Haiyan wrapped into the system as well. Early on November 6, the JTWC estimated the system to have achieved super typhoon status. That day, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assigned the storm the local name Yolanda as it approached their area of responsibility. Intensification slowed somewhat during the day, though the JTWC estimated the storm to have attained Category 5-equivalent status on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale around 1200 UTC. At this time, Haiyan displayed a 15 km (9 mi) wide eye surrounded by a ring of deep convection. Later, the eye of the typhoon passed over the island of Kayangel in Palau.

Around 1200 UTC on November 7, Haiyan attained its peak intensity with ten-minute sustained winds of 235 km/h (145 mph) and a barometric pressure of 895 mbar (hPa; 26.43 inHg). Six hours later, the JTWC estimated Haiyan to have attained one-minute sustained winds of 315 km/h (195 mph). This unofficially ranks Haiyan as the fourth-strongest tropical cyclone on record in terms of wind speed, only exceeded by Typhoon Ida (325 km/h) in 1958, Typhoon Violet (335 km/h) in 1961, and Typhoon Nancy (345 km/h) in 1961. However, due to the fact the wind recordings in typhoons were erroneously high during the 1950s and 1960s, Haiyan unofficially ranks as the strongest tropical cyclone on record. The storm displayed some characteristics of an annular tropical cyclone, though a strong convective band remained present along the western side of the system. Satellite estimates at the time, using the Dvorak technique, reached the maximum level on the scale: T#8.0. The storm's structure exceeded the maximum intensity on the scale as, the "Dvorak technique makes no allowance for an eye embedded so deeply in cloud tops as cold as ," as noted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) satellite analysis branch. Some automated models initialized its intensity at T#8.1, exceeding the scale's upper bounds. Through satellite estimates, NOAA also estimated that Haiyan achieved a minimum pressure between 858 mbar (hPa; 25.34 inHg) and 884 mbar (hPa; 26.11 inHg).

Preparations

Animated enhanced infrared satellite loop of Typhoon Haiyan from peak intensity to landfall in the Philippines

Micronesia and Palau

Upon JTWC’s declaration of Tropical Depression 31W on November 3, a tropical storm warning was issued for Chuuk Lagoon, Losap, and Poluwat in the Federated States of Micronesia. Further west, Faraulep, Satawal, and Woleai, were placed under a typhoon watch while Fananu and Ulul were placed under a tropical storm watch. The following day, the tropical storm warning expanded to include Satawal while a typhoon warning was issued for Woleai. Much of Yap State while the islands of Koror and Kayangel in Palau were placed under a typhoon watch later on November 4. The government issued a mandatory evacuation for Kayangel, and although most residents ignored the warning, they all survived the storm. As Haiyan progressed westward, the easternmost advisories were gradually discontinued. As Haiyan intensified into a typhoon on November 5, warnings were raised across Palau and Yap State. Government offices in Melekeok were used an evacuation building for Palau. Despite mandatory evacuation orders, most residents on Kayangel remained on the island and rode out the typhoon.

Philippines

Officials placed police officers in the Bicol region ahead of the storm. In the provinces of Samar and Leyte, classes were canceled, and residents in flood and landslide-prone areas were forced to evacuate. Some of the storm-threatened areas were affected by an earlier earthquake in Bohol. The Philippine President requested the military to deploy planes and helicopters to the region expected to be affected. As Haiyan is moving very fast, PAGASA raised signal warnings to different places on the country. About 60 provinces including its capital Metro Manila hoisted the said warnings.

Impact

Palau and Micronesia

On Kayangel in Palau, a high storm surge damaged several houses, while strong winds downed trees. Despite residents' refusal to evacuate, no fatalities or major injuries took place on the island. Helicopters were flown to the island to survey damage and provide relief supplies. The government planned to evacuate those who were left homeless from the island. Koror, Babeldaob and Kayangel each lost access to water and power. Damage in Koror was minor due to the center of the typhoon passing to the north, although there was flooding that covered a causeway. On the northern end of Babeldaob, Haiyan damaged schools and buildings.

Philippines

Effects of Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in the Philippines
Casualties
(NDRRMC totals)
Region Deaths Injuries Missing
Bicol Region 0 0 0
CALABARZON 0 0 2
Central Visayas 1 0 2
Eastern Visayas 0 0 0
MIMAROPA 0 0 0
Mindanao 0 1 0
SOCCSKSARGEN 2 0 0
Western Visayas 1 6 0
Total 4 7 4
Damage
Amount
Agriculture ₱0
(US$0)
Infrastructure ₱0
(US$0)
Total damages ₱0
(US$0)

Haiyan made its initial landfall at the island of Guiuan, Eastern Samar at 4:45 am (local time) 2045 (UTC) packing wind speed of 196 mph (315 km/h), making the super typhoon the strongest storm ever to make landfall in the world. PAGASA also recorded that Haiyan made landfall on the Visayas region five times. About three deaths were already confirmed by the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (NDRRMC) and seven others were hurt. Storm surge were also recorded in many places. In the island of Leyte and Samar, PAGASA measured 5-6 meter (15-19 ft) waves.

Records

The JMA analyzed that the ten-minute maximum sustained winds of Typhoon Haiyan at 235 km/h (145 mph), making it the second most intense tropical cyclone in the Northwest Pacific Ocean on record along with Bess in 1982 and Megi in 2010, only after Tip in 1979. The JTWC analyzed that Haiyan was the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide since reliable records began, with one-minute maximum sustained winds estimated at 315 km/h (195 mph). Haiyan also made landfall at peak strength making it possibly the strongest tropical cyclone to ever make landfall worldwide. Haiyan’s atmospheric pressure estimated by the JMA was 895 hPa (26.43 inHg), the lowest since Megi in 2010.

See also

Notes

  1. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.
  2. The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.
  3. A super typhoon is defined as a tropical cyclone with one-minute sustained winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph).
  4. Cold dark gray refers to the temperature of cloud tops seen on enhanced infrared satellite imagery and indicates values below −80 °C (−112 °F).
  5. Total damages figure includes agriculture, infrastructure, casualties, etc. damages.

References

  1. ^ Mullen, Jethro (8 November 2013). "Super Typhoon Haiyan, one of strongest storms ever, hits central Philippines". CNN. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  2. ^ Williams, Rob (8 November 2013). "Typhoon Haiyan: Most powerful storm to ever hit land batters Philippines with 200mph winds". The Independent. Retrieved 8 November 2013.
  3. "Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 2, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  4. "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  5. "WWJP25 RJTD 030000". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  6. "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved November 8, 2013. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Depression 31W (Thirty-One) Warning Nr 01". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. November 3, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  8. "Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (WTPN22 PGTW 030530)". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  9. "WTPQ21 RJTD 040000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 4, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  10. "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 04". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. November 4, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  11. "WTPQ21 RJTD 050000 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  12. "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 08". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  13. "WTPQ21 RJTD 051800 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
  14. "Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 011". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  15. "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 11". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. November 5, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  16. "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Warning Nr 12". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  17. Gary Padgett, Kevin Boyle, and Simon Clarke (February 21, 2007). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary – October 2006" (Report). Typhoon 2000. Retrieved November 8, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. "Tropical Cyclone Warning: Typhoon "Yolanda" (Haiyan) Severe Weather Bulletin Number One". Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  19. "Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Nr 14". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. November 6, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  20. ^ "Palau assesses damage after Super Typhoon Haiyan". Australia Network News. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  21. "WTPQ21 RJTD 071200 RSMC Tropical Cyclone Advisory". Japan Meteorological Agency. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  22. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Super Typhoon 31W (Haiyan) Nr 19". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. November 7, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
  23. Jeff Masters (November 7, 2013). "Super Typhoon Haiyan: Strongest Landfalling Tropical Cyclone on Record". Weather Underground. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
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External links

Tropical cyclones of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season
STSSonamu TDBising TSShanshan TDTD TSYagi TDTD TSLeepi TSBebinca STSRumbia VSTYSoulik TSCimaron TDTD STSJebi TSMangkhut VITYUtor TDTD TD13W STSTrami STSPewa TSUnala TD03C STSKong-rey TDTD TDTD TSYutu STSToraji TYMan-yi TD18W VITYUsagi STSPabuk TDTD TDTD TYWutip TSSepat TYFitow VSTYDanas TDTD TDPhailin TYNari VSTYWipha VITYFrancisco TD27W VITYLekima TYKrosa TDWilma VITYHaiyan (history) TSPodul TDTD TDLehar TD33W
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