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Revision as of 20:30, 14 December 2013 editEtienneDolet (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers27,553 edits →Republic of Turkey (1923–present): there is no source besides wikipedia that characterizes this as a massacre← Previous edit Revision as of 22:35, 20 December 2013 edit undo88.238.182.68 (talk) ←Replaced content with '{{Expand list|date=May 2011}}'Tag: blankingNext edit →
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{{Expand list|date=May 2011}} {{Expand list|date=May 2011}}

The following is a list of ] that have occurred in ] and the ] (numbers may be approximate, as estimates vary greatly):

==Ottoman Empire (before 1914)==
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Name
! style="width:65px;"|Date
! style="width:120px;"|Location
! style="width:100px;"|Deaths
! style="width:75px;"|Responsible Party
! style="width:75px;"|Victims
!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| ]
| 1821
| ]
| unknown
| Ottoman government
| ]
| Greek Orthodox Patriarch ] and other notables were executed.
|-
| ]
| 1840
| ]
| 10,000<ref Name=gaunt32>{{Harvnb|Gaunt|Beṯ-Şawoce |2006|p=32}}</ref>
| ] Emirs of Buhtan, ] and Nurullah
| ]
| Many who were not killed were sold into slavery.
|-
| ]
| 1894–1896
| Eastern ]
| 100,000–300,000<ref>]. ''A Shameful Act: The Armenian Genocide and the Question of Turkish Responsibility''. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2006, p. 42. ISBN 0-8050-7932-7.</ref>
| ]<br />]<br />Kurdish irregulars
| ] and Assyrians
| See also ]
|-
| ]
| April 1909
| ]
| 15,000–30,000<ref name=ShamefulAct>Akcam, Taner. ''A Shameful Act''. 2006, page 69–70: "fifteen to twenty thousand Armenians were killed"</ref><ref>Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views By Samuel. Totten, William S. Parsons, Israel W. Charny</ref>
| ] government
| Armenians
|
|-
|}

==World War I (1914-1918)==
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Name
! style="width:65px;"|Date
! style="width:120px;"|Location
! style="width:100px;"|Deaths
! style="width:75px;"|Responsible Party
! style="width:75px;"|Victims
!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| ]<ref>{{citation | publisher = International Association of Genocide Scholars | format = PDF | url = http://genocidescholars.org/images/Resolution_on_genocides_committed_by_the_Ottoman_Empire.pdf| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080428051032/http://genocidescholars.org/images/Resolution_on_genocides_committed_by_the_Ottoman_Empire.pdf| archivedate = 2008-04-28| title = IAGS Resolution on Genocides committed by the Ottoman Empire retrieved via the Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.am/eng/news/16644.html |title=Genocide Resolution approved by Swedish Parliament — full text containing the IAGS resolution and the Swedish Parliament resolution from |publisher=news.am |date= |accessdate=2013-06-24}}</ref><ref>Gaunt, David. ''''. Piscataway, New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2006.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/14623520801950820 | last1 = Schaller | first1 = Dominik J | last2 = Zimmerer | first2 = Jürgen | year = 2008 | title = Late Ottoman genocides: the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and Young Turkish population and extermination policies&nbsp;– introduction | url = | journal = Journal of Genocide Research | volume = 10 | issue = 1| pages = 7–14 }}</ref>
| 1914–1923
| ]
| 500,000–900,000
| ] government
| ]
| Reports detail systematic massacres, deportations, individual killings, rapes, burning of entire Greek villages, destruction of Greek Orthodox churches and monasteries, drafts for "Labor Brigades", looting, terrorism and other atrocities<ref name=NYTarchives> Advanced search engine for article and headline archives (subscription necessary for viewing article content).</ref><ref name=AIHG-NYT>Alexander Westwood and Darren O'Brien, , , 2006 <!--Retrieved 2008-10-14--></ref>
|-
| ]<ref>Travis, Hannibal. "'Native Christians Massacred': The Ottoman Genocide of the Assyrians During World War I." Genocide Studies and Prevention, Vol. 1, No. 3, December 2006, pp. 327–371. Retrieved 2012-10-28.</ref>
| 1914–1925
| Ottoman Empire
| 270,000–750,000
| Young Turk government
| ]
| Denied by the Turkish government
|-
| ]
| 1915–1923
| Ottoman Empire
| 600,000–1,800,000
| Young Turk government
| ]
| The Armenians of the eastern regions of the empire were systematically massacred. The Turkish government currently denies the genocide. Considered the first modern genocide by scholars.<ref name= "24.04.1998">{{cite web | url = http://www.armenian-genocide.org/Affirmation.153/current_category.7/affirmation_detail.html |title= Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution |publisher=Armenian genocide | accessdate= 25 March 2013}}</ref><ref name = "Ferguson">{{Cite book | authorlink = Niall Ferguson | last = Ferguson | first = Niall | title = The War of the World: Twentieth-Century Conflict and the Descent of the West | place = New York | publisher = Penguin Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 1-59420-100-5 | page = 177}}</ref><ref name = "IAGS">{{Cite journal | publisher = Genocide Watch | url = http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/Turkey-_13Jun05ErdoganletterAmericanHistoricalAssociation.pdf | format = PDF | title = A Letter from The International Association of Genocide Scholars | date = 13 June 2005}}</ref> It is the second most studied case of genocide after the ].<ref name="nazi">{{Citation | last = Rummel | first = RJ | title = The Holocaust in Comparative and Historical Perspective | journal = The Journal of Social Issues | volume = 3 | number = 2 | date = 1 April 1998}}</ref>
|-
| Massacres in the ] valley <!-- <br /><small>(partly in the ])</small> -->
| 1915–1916{{?}}
|
| 45,000<ref name="google176">{{cite book|last1=Gerwarth|first1=Robert|last2=Horne|first2=John|title=War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the Great War|year=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|ISBN=9780199654918|page=176|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Ap94gZsbu6QC&pg=PA176&dq=These+operations+took+the+lives+of+approximately+45,000+civilians+in+the+valley+of+the+Chorukh+river+in+the+South-West+Caucasus&hl=nl&sa=X&ei=eUG0Uau4B4SZ0QWmhIDoDg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=These%20operations%20took%20the%20lives%20of%20approximately%2045%2C000%20civilians%20in%20the%20valley%20of%20the%20Chorukh%20river%20in%20the%20South-West%20Caucasus&f=false}}</ref>
| ], ] regiments, Armenian paramilitaries
| ] and ]
| During WWI the Russian army with Armenian paramilitaries launched a scorched earth policy against Muslim settlements in the ] river valley, Muslim villages were destroyed.<ref name="google176"/>
|-
|}

==Post-World War I (1919–1923)==
{{Also|List of massacres during the Greco-Turkish War (1919–22)}}
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Name
! style="width:100px;"|Date
! style="width:120px;"|Location
! style="width:100px;"|Deaths
! style="width:75px;"|Responsible Party
! style="width:75px;"|Victims
!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| ], ], ]
| 1919-1923
| Mainly Smyrna, Pontus, Asia Minor regions
| 453,000
| Turks
| Greeks
| Estimated betweeen 340,000 to 611,000. Includes ].<ref name="turk killers" /> Approx. 353,000 deaths from ] region.<ref>], Dictionary of Genocide: A-L, p. 337</ref>
|-
| ], ], ]
| 1919-1923
| Mainly Kars, Alexandropol, Cilicia regions
| 440,000
| Turks (mainly), Kurds, Azeris
| Armenians
| Estimated between 325,000 to 545,000.<ref name="turk killers">Death by Government, ], 1994.</ref>
|-
| Asia Minor
| 1919-1922
| Asia Minor
| 15,000<ref name="turk killers" />
| Greeks
| Turks
|
|-
|}

==Republic of Turkey (1923–present)==
{|class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="width:140px;"|Name
! style="width:65px;"|Date
! style="width:120px;"|Location
! style="width:100px;"|Deaths
! style="width:75px;"|Responsible Party
! style="width:75px;"|Victims
!class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
| ]
| July 1930
| ]
| 4,500-47,000<ref>M. Kalman, ''Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926-1930'', Pêrî Yayınları, İstanbul, 1997, ISBN 978-975-8245-01-7, p. 105. {{Tr icon}}</ref>
| Turkish security forces
| ] ]
| 5,000 women, children, and the elderly were reportedly killed<ref name="Kahraman207-208">Ahmet Kahraman, ''ibid'', pp. 207-208. {{Tr icon}}</ref>
|-
|]
|Summer 1937-Spring 1938
|]
|13,806-70,000<ref>{{cite news|title=Dersim massacre monument to open next month|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-296283-dersim-massacre-monument-to-open-next-month.html|accessdate=June 6, 2013|newspaper=Today's Zaman|date=24 October 2012}}</ref>
|Turkish security forces
|] ]
|The killings have been condemned by some as an ethnocide or genocide<ref> Excerpts from: Martin van Bruinessen, "Genocide in Kurdistan? The suppression of the Dersim rebellion in Turkey (1937-38) and the chemical war against the Iraqi Kurds (1988)", in: George J. Andreopoulos (ed), Conceptual and historical dimensions of genocide. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1994, pp. 141-170.</ref><ref>İsmail Besikçi, ''Tunceli Kanunu (1935) ve Dersim Jenosidi'', Belge Yayınları, 1990.</ref>
|-
|]
|6–7 September 1955
|], ]
|13-30<ref name=Libitsouni29>{{cite web|last=Λιμπιτσιούνη|first=Ανθή Γ.|title=Το πλέγμα των ελληνοτουρκικών σχέσεων και η ελληνική μειονότητα στην Τουρκία, οι Έλληνες της Κωνσταντινούπολης της Ίμβρου και της Τενέδου|url=http://invenio.lib.auth.gr/record/113326/files/LIBITSIOUNI.pdf?version=1|publisher=University of Thessaloniki|page=29}}</ref>
|Turkish government<ref>{{cite book|last=Mills|first=Amy|title=Streets of memory : landscape, tolerance, and national identity in Istanbul|year=2010|publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens|isbn=9780820335735|page=119|url=http://books.google.gr/books?id=IHyA1DCtsnUC&pg=PA119&dq=1955+istanbul+riots+greek&hl=el&sa=X&ei=mHraUa2EGoKJtQbs0ICwBw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22the%20state-led%20local%20violence%20that%20shattered%20neighborhoods%20across%20Istanbul%20in%201955%22&f=false|quote=...the state-led local violence that shattered neighborhoods across Istanbul in 1955 made ethnic-religious difference visible and divisive as Greeks and other minorities in the city were targeted and their property violated.}}</ref>
|primarily ], as well as ]
|The killings are identified as genocidal by ].<ref name=alfredbkp>Alfred de Zayas publication about the Istanbul Pogrom http://utpjournals.metapress.com/content/865v4835x83m3757/</ref> Many of the minorities, mostly Greek Christians, forced to leave Turkey. Several churches are demolished by explosives.
|-
|]
|May 1, 1977
|] in ]
|34<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bianet.org/bianet/kategori/bianet/78385/1977-1-mayis-katliami-aydinlatilsin <!-- used to be http://www.bianet.org/2006/04/28/78385.htm -->|work=bianet|first=Emine|last=Özcan|date=2006-04-28|title=1977 1 Mayıs Katliamı Aydınlatılsın|language=Turkish}}</ref>-42<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=220085|author=Mavioglu, Ertugrul|coauthors=Sanyer, Ruhi|title=30 yıl sonra kanlı 1 Mayıs (4)|date=2007-05-02|language=Turkish|work=]}}</ref>
|Unknown
|] demonstrators
|
|-
| ]
| March 16, 1978
| ]
| 7 university students killed, 41 injured ,
| ], ], ]
| ] university students
| Cemil Sönmez, Baki Ekiz, Hatice Özen, Abdullah Şimşek, Murat Kurt, Hamdi Akıl and Turan Ören were killed and 41 others were injured by a bomb that was followed by gunfire March 16, 1978.
|-
| ]
| October 9, 1978
| ]
| 7<ref>{{cite book|title=Reis: Gladio’nun Türk Tetikçisi|author=Yalçın, Soner|coauthors=Yurdakul, Doğan|url=http://www.timdrayton.com/sy.html#7|chapter=The Bahcelievler Massacre|publisher=Su Yayinlari|year=1997}}</ref>
| ]
| ] students
|
|-
| ]
| December 19–26, 1978
| ]
| 109<ref name=david>A modern history of the Kurds, By David McDowall, page 415, at </ref>
| ]<ref name=david/>
| ] Turks and Kurds
|
|-
| ]
| May–July, 1980
| ]
| 57<ref>Cüneyt Arcayürek: Darbeler ve Gizli Servisler, (Sayfa.221)</ref>
| ]
| ] ]
|
|-
| ]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/9331717.asp |accessdate=2013-06-06 |title=Turkey commemorates 15th anniversary of Sivas massacre |date=2008-07-02 |work=]}}</ref>
| July 2, 1993
| ]
| 37
| ]
| ] intellectuals
|
|-
| ]
| July 5, 1993
| ], near ]
| 33
| ]
| Turkish civilians
|
|-
| Yavi massacre{{cn|date=August 2013}}
| October 25, 1993
| ], ]
| 38
| ]
| Turkish civilians
|
|-
| ]
| March 15, 1995
| ] and ]
| 23<ref name="sg">{{cite news |url=http://www.stargazete.com/politika/diger-haberler-111243.htm |newspaper=Star Gazete |title=Ergenekon zanlısı, Gazi mahallesi provokatörü çıktı -|date=2008-07-04 |language=Turkish |accessdate=2012-02-18 }}</ref>
| Anonymous
| ] ]
| More than 400 injured<ref name="sg"/>
|-
| ]
| May 4, 2009
| ], ]
| 44<ref name=reuters> Reuters. Retrieved 4 May 2009</ref>
| Civilians of Kurdish origin
| Civilians of Kurdish origin
| ] said it was "one of the worst attacks involving civilians in Turkey's modern history", declaring that the scale of the attack had shocked the nation.<ref name="Blood feuds, gun violence plague Turkey's southeast">{{cite web|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE5443G520090505|title=Blood feuds, gun violence plague Turkey's southeast|date=2009-05-05|accessdate=2009-05-05|publisher=Reuters}}</ref>
|-
| ]
| December 28, 2011
| ], ]
| 34<ref name=zaman1>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-268332-concerns-raised-about-obscuring-evidence-in-uludere-killings.html |title=Concerns raised about obscuring evidence in Uludere killings |publisher=Todayszaman.com |date=2012-01-11 |accessdate=2013-06-24}}</ref>
| Turkish forces
| Civilians of Kurdish origin
| Warplanes mistakenly killed villagers who had been involved in regular smuggling in the area, during an operation meant to target Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) terrorists. The government quickly acknowledged that the victims were smugglers, not terrorists.<ref name=zaman1>{{cite web|url=http://www.todayszaman.com/news-268332-concerns-raised-about-obscuring-evidence-in-uludere-killings.html |title=Concerns raised about obscuring evidence in Uludere killings |publisher=Todayszaman.com |date=2012-01-11 |accessdate=2013-06-24}}</ref>
|}

==Gallery==
<center>
<gallery perrow="6" widths="140px" heights="140px">
File:1895erzurum-victims.jpg|Aftermath of the massacres at Erzurum (1895)
Image:Adanamass.PNG|An Armenian town left pillaged and destroyed, during the Adana massacre
Image:Smyrna-massacre greeks-killed line.jpg|Photo taken after the Smyrna fire. The text inside indicates that the photo had been taken by representatives of the ] in Smyrna
Image:Dead_Armenian_girl_in_Aleppo_desert.jpg|Armenian woman kneeling beside dead child in field "within sight of help and safety at Aleppo"
Image:Turkish men massacred by Armenians in Eastern Anatolia.jpg|Turkish men and boys massacred by Armenians in Eastern Anatolia in 1918.
</gallery></center>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{massacres}}

]
]
]

Revision as of 22:35, 20 December 2013

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (May 2011)