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'''India Against Corruption''' ('''IAC''') is a term that was used, along with '''Team Anna''', to describe a people's movement that sought to communicate ''the collective expression of the people of India fighting against corruption''. It was particularly prominent during the anti-corruption protests of ] and ], centering about the introduction of a ].


== Origins ==
'''India Against Corruption''' ('''IAC''') was a populist anti-corruption movement in India.{{Clarify|date=March 2014}}

== Rise ==
{{See also |2011 Indian anti-corruption movement|2012 Indian anti-corruption movement}} {{See also |2011 Indian anti-corruption movement|2012 Indian anti-corruption movement}}
The official position of figureheads in the IAC movement was that it had no formal organisation beyond a 24-member core committee.<ref>{{cite news |first=Abantika |last=Ghosh |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/shifting-stir-to-mumbai-a-mistake-iac/893269/0 |title=Shifting stir to Mumbai a mistake: IAC |publisher=Indian Express |date=29 December 2011 |accessdate=20 March 2014}}</ref> In 2011, the mostly middle-class organisers of IAC determined to launch a campaign to mobilise the masses in support of a demand that they hoped would help to bring about a corruption-free India. Their proposal for the creation of a Lokpal (]) who would have had powers to arrest and charge government officials accused of corruption.<ref name="Guha">{{cite book |title=Patriots and Partisans: From Nehru to Hindutva and Beyond |first=Ramachandra |last=Guha |authorlink=Ramachandra Guha |publisher=Penguin UK |year=2013 |isbn=9788184757538 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hCU2Kv3tinkC?PG=PT119 |pages=119-122}}</ref><ref name="Nanda" /> They approached ], a populist ] with millions of supporters among the middle-classes of small-town India, to be the figurehead for this campaign. His connections to the right-wing ] threatened to damage the credibility of what was nominally an apolitical movement. He was soon replaced by ], a veteran ]er with a history of undertaking ] in support of his causes. Hazare, too, brought a large support base with him, comprising mostly middle-class people from urban areas and idealistic youths. The urban sophistication of Hazare, compared to Ramdev's rusticity, attracted high-profile support for the campaign from ] stars, the internet-savvy, and mainstream English-language news media. He, too, struggled to disassociate himself from ] symbolism: hence, support from non-Hindus was less forthcoming.<ref name="Nanda">{{cite book |title=The God Market: How Globalization is Making India More Hindu |first=Meera |last=Nanda |publisher=NYU Press |year=2011 |isbn=9781583673096 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vxVvrSevzQsC&pg=PR22 |pages=xxii-xxiii}}</ref>


India Against Corruption ("IAC") is a people's organisation affiliated to the ] which was founded on 3 October,1924 at Kanpur (United Provinces). IAC's official website declares it is an apolitical, secular, socialist, Republican, conservative, revolutionary, Hindutva movement (an ancient inclusive movement harmoniously accommodating all faiths, religions and beliefs or non-beliefs).<ref>{{cite web|url=/topics/india-against-corruption-61986.html |title=India Against Corruption }}</ref>
Historian and commentator ] has questioned the image that has been portrayed of IAC and of Hazare. Acknowledging that Hazare had previously been successful in campaigns for infrastructure reforms at the local level in his native ] and that the IAC campaign of 2011 had an impact, Guha doubts the claims that the 2011 and 2012 protests overwhelmingly engaged the masses. He notes that liberals were concerned with a perceived anti-democratic rhetoric while socially oppressed communities, such as the ]s and ]es, were worried that the Hindu-led movement would undermine the gains they have made through legislative reforms, such as those resulting from the ]. He considers that the attention given to the protest by 24-hour news channels and internet resources has masked the realities, such as that popular participation at the ] and ] protests in Delhi was a fraction of that evidenced in ] in 1998 when 400,000 marched in an anti-nuclear movement. IAC and Hazare in particular piggy-backed on and gained from discontent surrounding some coincident corruption scandals involving the government. These scandals, such as the ], were high-profile examples of the corruption that is claimed to be endemic in Indian society at all levels but Guha believes the IAC solution&nbsp;— the Lokpal&nbsp;— was a "simplistic" reaction.<ref name="Guha" />


According to the present IAC, which dates itself back to 2006,{{refn|group=note|name="IAC-HRA"|The present "India Against Corruption" is related to the ].<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> According to the present IAC the term "IAC" was dubbed in 1973 by ] as a renaming of "India Against Colonialism", an organisation grounded by the ] in the 1920s. The present IAC was formed in 2006.<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> Permission to use the name "IAC" was obtained from the "Hindustan Republican Army" in 2007.<ref name="IAC-HRA" />}} the name "IAC" came to be used in 2007 for a movement to monitor accounts of the ] of 2010.<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> Between 2007 and 2010 this movement filed a series of coordinated ] requests to gaint information from the Government and Games Organising Committees.<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> According to the IAC website, which dates India Against Corruption back to 1973,{{refn|group=note|name="IAC-HRA"|The present "India Against Corruption" is related to the ].<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> According to the website the term "India Against Corruption" was dubbed in 1973 by ] as a renaming of "India Against Colonialism", an organisation founded by the ] in the 1920s. The present IAC was formed in 2006.<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> Permission to use the name "IAC" was obtained from the "Hindustan Republican Army" in 2007.<ref name="IAC-HRA" />}} the name "India Against Corruption" came to be used again in 2007 for a movement to monitor accounts of the ] of 2010.<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> Between 2007 and 2010 this IAC movement filed a series of coordinated ] requests to obtain information from the Government and Games Organising Committees.<ref name="IAC-HRA" />


According to the HRA-related IAC, in 2010 the name "India Against Corruption" was adopted by the ] of ] for a wider popular movement against the excesses of Congress,<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> but turned into a campaign for a ], which was not supported by the 2006-IAC.<ref name="IAC-HRA" />{{refn| group=note|According to the HRA-related IAC, "The usage of IAC name was only approved to protest and litigate against the Common Wealth Games 2010 scams in 2010, and was withdrawn on 9 Dec. 2010 to (''sic'') Team Arvind."<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> The 2006-IAC objected against the use of the term "IAC" by this popular movement for ''Lokpal Bill andolan'' and to the association of persons like Ramdev, Agnivesh, Kiran Bedi, Aruna Roy and others under its banner.<ref name="IAC-HRA" ></ref> According to iamiac.com, "this movement and its logo have evolved from the movement "India against Colonization",<ref name="IAC-fiasco" /> and are affiliated to "Hindustan Republic Association" originally founded by Sachindranath Sanyal and others in 1923 and revived in 1973 and have office bearers who have exclusive right to the use if its name and logo or to restrict its use."<ref name="IAC-fiasco"></ref>}} According to the IAC website, in 2010 IAC financed the ] to conduct a wider popular campaign against the excesses of Congress, but which PCRF turned into a campaign for a ], which was not supported by the IAC, to raise large funding from some industrialists and business houses like ] and ] who demanded Lokpal.<ref>Mail Today investigation: Arvind Kejriwal's trust receives donations from big business houses "http://m.indiatoday.in//story/iac-arvind-kejriwal-public-cause-research-foundation/1/227585.html"</ref><ref>Big business ammunition fires Kejriwal's guerilla war: Narayana Murthy tops list of India Inc. donors for activist's trust "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2227479/Big-business-ammunition-fires-Kejriwals-guerilla-war-Narayana-Murthy-tops-list-India-Inc-donors-activists-trust.html"</ref><ref name="IAC-HRA" />{{refn| group=note|According to the HRA-related IAC, "The usage of IAC name was only approved to protest and litigate against the Common Wealth Games 2010 scams in 2010, and was withdrawn on 9 Dec. 2010 to (''sic'') Team Arvind."<ref name="IAC-HRA" /> The IAC objected against the use of the term "IAC" by this popular movement for ''Lokpal Bill andolan'' and to the association of persons like Ramdev, Agnivesh, Kiran Bedi, Aruna Roy and others under its banner.<ref name="IAC-HRA" ></ref> According to iamiac.com, "this movement and its logo have evolved from the movement "India against Colonization",<ref name="IAC-fiasco" /> and are affiliated to "Hindustan Republic Association" originally founded by Sachindranath Sanyal and others in 1923 and revived in 1973 and have office bearers who have exclusive right to the use if its name and logo or to restrict its use."<ref name="IAC-fiasco"></ref>}}


== IAC's Jan Lokpal campaigm ==
== Divergence ==
Those at the head of IAC became known as Team Anna.<ref>{{cite book |title=The End of Authority: How a Loss of Legitimacy and Broken Trust Are Endangering Our Future |first=Douglas E. |last=Schoen |authorlink=Douglas Schoen |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2013 |isbn=9781442220324 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bbF8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA185 |pages=185-186}}</ref> In late 2012, there was a split in the IAC movement caused by differences of opinion among the central figures regarding its lack of practical success and how much this might have been due to its unwillingness to be directly engaged in the political system. An IAC survey had suggested that direct involvement in politics was preferable, leading to ] and some others splitting to form the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) in order to cause change from within the system. Hazare rejected the survey findings.<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |location=New Delhi |date=19 September 2012 |title=Anna Hazare tells Arvind Kejriwal not to use his name, photo for votes as they part ways |publisher=India Today |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/team-anna-split-anna-hazare-arvind-kejriwal-part-ways/1/217947.html |accessdate=12 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=So what is the Aam Aadmi Party all about|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/what-is-the-aam-aadmi-party-all-about/1/234564.html|date=24 November 2012|publisher=India Today|location=New Delhi |accessdate=12 June 2013}}</ref>


Both Infosys and Tatas swiftly responded to the Mail Today Investigation into PCRF's finances to clarify that Arvind Kejriwal had requested them in May 2011 for permission to divert the money given for RTI promotion to the Jan Lokpal Bill drafted by him. "Kejriwal sought approval from Murthy to use the money donated to PCRF for RTI for the Jan Lokpal bill. “''As one who believed that the country needed a moderate but effective Lokpal Bill, I agreed to his request,''” Murthy said. ".<ref>Narayana Murthy denies any donations to Arvind Kejriwal "http://www.livemint.com/Politics/r4ygt6CfOAQo5S2Yr6qu8K/Narayana-Murthy-too-denies-any-donations-to-Arvind-Kejriwa.html"</ref>
Hazare had announced that he was disbanding Team Anna in August 2012, around the time that the divisions were coming to a head.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-06/india/33064289_1_team-anna-core-committee-anna-hazare-lokpal-bill |title=Hazare disbands Team Anna, says no talks with govt on Lokpal |publisher=The Times of India |date=6 August 2012 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> In November 2012, after the split, he said that he was forming a new Team Anna, that it would retain the label of India Against Corruption and that its members were discussing other societal issues that they might address.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/after-announcing-team-anna-hazare-to-inaugurate-new-office-in-delhi/305049-3-244.html |title=After announcing team, Anna Hazare to inaugurate new office in Delhi |publisher=IBN Live |date=11 November 2012 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/team-anna-gets-new-people.-but-will-their-gameplan-be-a-game-changer/1/229234.html |title=Team Anna gets new people. But will their gameplan be a game-changer? |publisher=India Today |date=15 November 2012 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref>


In 2011, the PCRF's IAC campaign "to network the collective expression of people of India fighting against corruption".<ref></ref> proposed for the creation of a Lokpal (]) who would have had powers to arrest and charge government officials accused of corruption.<ref name="Guha">{{cite book |title=Patriots and Partisans: From Nehru to Hindutva and Beyond |first=Ramachandra |last=Guha |authorlink=Ramachandra Guha |publisher=Penguin UK |year=2013 |isbn=9788184757538 |url=/books?id=hCU2Kv3tinkC?PG=PT119 |pages=119-122}}</ref><ref name="Nanda">{{cite book |title=The God Market: How Globalization is Making India More Hindu |first=Meera |last=Nanda |publisher=NYU Press |year=2011 |isbn=9781583673096 |url=/books?id=vxVvrSevzQsC&pg=PR22 |pages=xxii-xxiii}}</ref>
The new Team Anna, sometimes referred to as Team Anna 2.0, was preparing to tour the country from 30 January 2013, coinciding with the death anniversary of ].<ref name="ndtv" >{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/team-anna-2-0-announced-will-tour-country-from-january-30-291098 |title=Team Anna 2.0 announced, will tour country from January 30 |publisher=NDTV |date=10 November 2012 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> When that day came, Hazare announced that he had formed Jantantra Morcha, a campaigning group that included the previously-named members of Team Anna 2.0 and which he considered to be a replacement for IAC but with a broader agenda.<ref>{{cite news |title=IAC is now Jantantra Morcha, says Anna |first=Rashi |last=Gaikwad |publisher=The Hindu |date=31 January 2013 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/iac-is-now-jantantra-morcha-says-anna/article4361529.ece |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref>

Those at the head of the Jan Lokpal Bill campaign became known as Team Anna.<ref>{{cite book |title=The End of Authority: How a Loss of Legitimacy and Broken Trust Are Endangering Our Future |first=Douglas E. |last=Schoen |authorlink=Douglas Schoen |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2013 |isbn=9781442220324 |url=/books?id=bbF8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA185 |pages=185-186}}</ref>

== Split in IAC movement ==
In late 2012, there was a split in the IAC movement caused by differences of opinion among the central figures regarding its lack of practical success and how much this might have been due to its unwillingness to be directly engaged in the political system. An IAC survey had suggested that direct involvement in politics was preferable, leading to ] and some others splitting to form the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) in order to cause change from within the system. Hazare rejected the survey findings.<ref>{{cite news |agency=PTI |location=New Delhi |date=19 September 2012 |title=Anna Hazare tells Arvind Kejriwal not to use his name, photo for votes as they part ways |publisher=India Today |url=/story/team-anna-split-anna-hazare-arvind-kejriwal-part-ways/1/217947.html |accessdate=12 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=So what is the Aam Aadmi Party all about|url=/story/what-is-the-aam-aadmi-party-all-about/1/234564.html|date=24 November 2012|publisher=India Today|location=New Delhi |accessdate=12 June 2013}}</ref>

Hazare had announced that he was disbanding Team Anna in August 2012, around the time that the divisions were coming to a head.<ref>{{cite news |url=/2012-08-06/india/33064289_1_team-anna-core-committee-anna-hazare-lokpal-bill |title=Hazare disbands Team Anna, says no talks with govt on Lokpal |publisher=The Times of India |date=6 August 2012 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> In November 2012, after the split, he said that he was forming a new Team Anna, that it would retain the label of India Against Corruption and that its members were discussing other societal issues that they might address.<ref>{{cite news |url=/news/after-announcing-team-anna-hazare-to-inaugurate-new-office-in-delhi/305049-3-244.html |title=After announcing team, Anna Hazare to inaugurate new office in Delhi |publisher=IBN Live |date=11 November 2012 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=/story/team-anna-gets-new-people.-but-will-their-gameplan-be-a-game-changer/1/229234.html |title=Team Anna gets new people. But will their gameplan be a game-changer? |publisher=India Today |date=15 November 2012 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref>

The new Team Anna, sometimes referred to as Team Anna 2.0, was preparing to tour the country from 30 January 2013, coinciding with the death anniversary of ].<ref name="ndtv" >{{cite news |url=/article/india/team-anna-2-0-announced-will-tour-country-from-january-30-291098 |title=Team Anna 2.0 announced, will tour country from January 30 |publisher=NDTV |date=10 November 2012 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> When that day came, Hazare announced that he had formed Jantantra Morcha, a campaigning group that included the previously-named members of Team Anna 2.0 and which he considered to be a replacement for IAC but with a broader agenda.<ref>{{cite news |title=IAC is now Jantantra Morcha, says Anna |first=Rashi |last=Gaikwad |publisher=The Hindu |date=31 January 2013 |url=/news/national/other-states/iac-is-now-jantantra-morcha-says-anna/article4361529.ece |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref>

In September 2013, ] claimed to be the national convenor of IAC, which by now comprised mostly Right to Information (RTI) activists. The membership appears to have abandoned the Lokpal demands, which they no longer considered to be practical but which the AAP was still promoting; IAC aimed to concentrate their efforts on RTI matters.<ref>{{cite news |title=Anti-corruption body abandons Janlokpal |first=Nivedita |last=Khandekar |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=3 September 2013 |url=/india-news/newdelhi/anti-corruption-body-abandons-janlokpal/article1-1116543.aspx |accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref>


== Notable people == == Notable people ==
Notable members of IAC/Team Anna prior to the breakaway of the Aam Aadmi Party were: Some notable persons with IAC prior to the breakaway of the Aam Aadmi Party were:


*]
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
*]
*] *]
*]
*] *]
*] *]
*] *]
*]
*] *]

Following the split with the AAP, notable members were:<ref name="ndtv" />

*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]


== See also == == See also ==
Line 68: Line 62:
== References == == References ==
{{reflist|35em}} {{reflist|35em}}

== Further reading ==
{{commons category}}
*{{cite web |url=http://infochangeindia.org/governance/analysis/converging-agendas-team-anna-and-the-indian-right.html |title=Converging agendas: Team Anna and the Indian Right |first=Rohini |last=Hensman |date=September 2011 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}
*{{cite web |url=http://sacw.net/article2266.html |title=India: The Communal Character of Anna Hazare’s Movement |first=Bhanwar |last=Megwanshi |date=5 September 2011 |accessdate=23 November 2013}}



{{Corruption in India}} {{Corruption in India}}

Revision as of 08:19, 1 April 2014

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India Against Corruption
File:India against corruption .png
TypePeople's Movement
FocusAnti-corruption
Area served India
Key peopleAnna Hazare, Arvind Kejriwal

India Against Corruption (IAC) is a term that was used, along with Team Anna, to describe a people's movement that sought to communicate the collective expression of the people of India fighting against corruption. It was particularly prominent during the anti-corruption protests of 2011 and 2012, centering about the introduction of a Jan Lokpal bill.

Origins

See also: 2011 Indian anti-corruption movement and 2012 Indian anti-corruption movement

India Against Corruption ("IAC") is a people's organisation affiliated to the Hindustan Republican Association which was founded on 3 October,1924 at Kanpur (United Provinces). IAC's official website declares it is an apolitical, secular, socialist, Republican, conservative, revolutionary, Hindutva movement (an ancient inclusive movement harmoniously accommodating all faiths, religions and beliefs or non-beliefs).

According to the IAC website, which dates India Against Corruption back to 1973, the name "India Against Corruption" came to be used again in 2007 for a movement to monitor accounts of the Commonwealth Games of 2010. Between 2007 and 2010 this IAC movement filed a series of coordinated Right to Information (RTI) requests to obtain information from the Government and Games Organising Committees.

According to the IAC website, in 2010 IAC financed the PCRF to conduct a wider popular campaign against the excesses of Congress, but which PCRF turned into a campaign for a JanLokPal (ombudsman) Bill, which was not supported by the IAC, to raise large funding from some industrialists and business houses like Infosys and Tatas who demanded Lokpal.

IAC's Jan Lokpal campaigm

Both Infosys and Tatas swiftly responded to the Mail Today Investigation into PCRF's finances to clarify that Arvind Kejriwal had requested them in May 2011 for permission to divert the money given for RTI promotion to the Jan Lokpal Bill drafted by him. "Kejriwal sought approval from Murthy to use the money donated to PCRF for RTI for the Jan Lokpal bill. “As one who believed that the country needed a moderate but effective Lokpal Bill, I agreed to his request,” Murthy said. ".

In 2011, the PCRF's IAC campaign "to network the collective expression of people of India fighting against corruption". proposed for the creation of a Lokpal (ombudsman) who would have had powers to arrest and charge government officials accused of corruption.

Those at the head of the Jan Lokpal Bill campaign became known as Team Anna.

Split in IAC movement

In late 2012, there was a split in the IAC movement caused by differences of opinion among the central figures regarding its lack of practical success and how much this might have been due to its unwillingness to be directly engaged in the political system. An IAC survey had suggested that direct involvement in politics was preferable, leading to Arvind Kejriwal and some others splitting to form the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) in order to cause change from within the system. Hazare rejected the survey findings.

Hazare had announced that he was disbanding Team Anna in August 2012, around the time that the divisions were coming to a head. In November 2012, after the split, he said that he was forming a new Team Anna, that it would retain the label of India Against Corruption and that its members were discussing other societal issues that they might address.

The new Team Anna, sometimes referred to as Team Anna 2.0, was preparing to tour the country from 30 January 2013, coinciding with the death anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. When that day came, Hazare announced that he had formed Jantantra Morcha, a campaigning group that included the previously-named members of Team Anna 2.0 and which he considered to be a replacement for IAC but with a broader agenda.

In September 2013, Sarbajit Roy claimed to be the national convenor of IAC, which by now comprised mostly Right to Information (RTI) activists. The membership appears to have abandoned the Lokpal demands, which they no longer considered to be practical but which the AAP was still promoting; IAC aimed to concentrate their efforts on RTI matters.

Notable people

Some notable persons with IAC prior to the breakaway of the Aam Aadmi Party were:

See also

Notes

  1. The present "India Against Corruption" is related to the HRA. According to the website the term "India Against Corruption" was dubbed in 1973 by Raj Narain as a renaming of "India Against Colonialism", an organisation founded by the HRSA in the 1920s. The present IAC was formed in 2006. Permission to use the name "IAC" was obtained from the "Hindustan Republican Army" in 2007.
  2. According to the HRA-related IAC, "The usage of IAC name was only approved to protest and litigate against the Common Wealth Games 2010 scams in 2010, and was withdrawn on 9 Dec. 2010 to (sic) Team Arvind." The IAC objected against the use of the term "IAC" by this popular movement for Lokpal Bill andolan and to the association of persons like Ramdev, Agnivesh, Kiran Bedi, Aruna Roy and others under its banner. According to iamiac.com, "this movement and its logo have evolved from the movement "India against Colonization", and are affiliated to "Hindustan Republic Association" originally founded by Sachindranath Sanyal and others in 1923 and revived in 1973 and have office bearers who have exclusive right to the use if its name and logo or to restrict its use."

References

  1. . {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  2. ^ Hindustan Republican Association - India Against Corruption
  3. Mail Today investigation: Arvind Kejriwal's trust receives donations from big business houses "http://m.indiatoday.in//story/iac-arvind-kejriwal-public-cause-research-foundation/1/227585.html"
  4. Big business ammunition fires Kejriwal's guerilla war: Narayana Murthy tops list of India Inc. donors for activist's trust "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2227479/Big-business-ammunition-fires-Kejriwals-guerilla-war-Narayana-Murthy-tops-list-India-Inc-donors-activists-trust.html"
  5. ^ India Against Corruption (Colonization), "I AM IAC (India against Corruption)"
  6. Narayana Murthy denies any donations to Arvind Kejriwal "http://www.livemint.com/Politics/r4ygt6CfOAQo5S2Yr6qu8K/Narayana-Murthy-too-denies-any-donations-to-Arvind-Kejriwa.html"
  7. Guha, Ramachandra (2013). . Penguin UK. pp. 119–122. ISBN 9788184757538. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
  8. Nanda, Meera (2011). . NYU Press. pp. xxii–xxiii. ISBN 9781583673096. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
  9. Schoen, Douglas E. (2013). . Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 185–186. ISBN 9781442220324. {{cite book}}: Check |url= value (help)
  10. . New Delhi: India Today. PTI. 19 September 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2013. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  11. . New Delhi: India Today. 24 November 2012. Retrieved 12 June 2013. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  12. . The Times of India. 6 August 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2013. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  13. . IBN Live. 11 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2013. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  14. . India Today. 15 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2013. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  15. . NDTV. 10 November 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2013. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  16. Gaikwad, Rashi (31 January 2013). . The Hindu. Retrieved 23 November 2013. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  17. Khandekar, Nivedita (3 September 2013). . Hindustan Times. Retrieved 23 November 2013. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)


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