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| {{redirect|Chitrali Language}} | {{redirect|Chitrali Language}} | ||
| {{cleanup|reason=This article is filled with original research and unverified information|date=October 2013}} | |||
| {{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| |name=Chitrali Language | |name=Chitrali Language | ||
| |nativename= | |nativename= | ||
| |states=], ], | |states=],] ], | ||
| |region= | |region= | ||
| |speakers={{sigfig|242,000|2}} | |speakers={{sigfig|242,000|2}} | ||
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| |fam4=] | |fam4=] | ||
| |fam5=Chitrali | |fam5=Chitrali | ||
| |script= |
|script= | ||
| |nation= | |nation= | ||
| |iso3=ch | |iso3= ch | ||
| |lingua=59-AAB-aa | |lingua=59-AAB-aa | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Chitrali''' is an ] of the ] branch, spoken by 258,000 people in ] have also migrated heavily to Pakistan's major urban centres with ], ] and ], having sizeable populations. It is spoken as a second language in the rest of ] and ]. There are believed to be small numbers of |
'''Chitrali''' is an ] of the ] branch, spoken by 258,000 people in ] have also migrated heavily to Pakistan's major urban centres with ], ] and ], having sizeable populations. It is spoken as a second language in the rest of ] and ]. There are believed to be small numbers of Chitrali speakers in ], ] and ]. | ||
| Chitrali has been influenced by ] to a greater degree than other Dardic languages, and less by Sanskrit than other languages. | Chitrali has been influenced by ] to a greater degree than other Dardic languages, and less by Sanskrit than other languages. | ||
Revision as of 09:12, 6 May 2014
"Chitrali Language" redirects here. For other uses, see Chitrali Language (disambiguation).| Chitrali Language | |
|---|---|
| | |
| Native to | Pakistan,India China, |
| Native speakers | (240,000 cited 1992–2000) |
| Language family | Indo-European
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ch |
| ELP | Khowar |
| Linguasphere | 59-AAB-aa |
Chitrali is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic branch, spoken by 258,000 people in Chitral have also migrated heavily to Pakistan's major urban centres with Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi, having sizeable populations. It is spoken as a second language in the rest of Gilgit and Hunza. There are believed to be small numbers of Chitrali speakers in China, Tajikistan and India.
Chitrali has been influenced by Iranian languages to a greater degree than other Dardic languages, and less by Sanskrit than other languages.
The Norwegian Linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest linguistic diversity in the world. Although Khowar is the predominant language of Chitral, more than ten other languages are spoken here. These include Kalasha-mondr, Palula, Dameli, Since many of these languages have no written form, letters are usually written in Urdu, Pakistan's national language.
Chitrali is designated as one of 14 regional languages of Chitral, Pakistan.
Phonology
Chitrali Language has a variety of dialects which may vary phonemically.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
Chitrali may also have nasalized vowels and a series of long vowels /aː/, /eː/, /iː/, /oː/, and /uː/. Sources are inconsistent on whether length is phonemic, with one author stating "vowel-length is observed mainly as a substitute one.
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Post-velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| colspan | ||||||||