Khowar: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 09:27, 6 May 2014

"Chitrali" redirects here. For other uses, see Chitrali (disambiguation).

Chitrali
‎‏
Native to	Pakistan,India China,
Native speakers	(240,000 cited 1992–2000)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Dardic Chitrali
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`ch`
ELP	Khowar
Linguasphere	`59-AAB-aa`

Offical Language

Chitrali is an Indo-Aryan language of the Dardic branch, spoken by 258,000 people in Chitral have major urban centres with Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi, having sizeable populations. It is spoken in Gilgit. There are believed to be small numbers of Chitrali speakers in China, Tajikistan and India.

History

Chitrali has been influenced by Iranian languages to a greater degree than other Dardic languages, and less by Sanskrit than other languages.

The Norwegian Linguist Georg Morgenstierne wrote that Chitral is the area of the greatest linguistic diversity in the world. Although Khowar is the predominant language of Chitral, more than ten other languages are spoken here. These include Kalasha-mondr, Palula, Dameli, Since many of these languages have no written form, letters are usually written in Urdu, Pakistan's national language.

Chitrali is designated as one of 14 regional languages of Chitral, Pakistan.

Phonology

Chitrali Language has a variety of dialects which may vary phonemically.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

Chitrali may also have nasalized vowels and a series of long vowels /aː/, /eː/, /iː/, /oː/, and /uː/. Sources are inconsistent on whether length is phonemic, with one author stating "vowel-length is observed mainly as a substitute one.

Consonants

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