| Revision as of 16:43, 18 May 2014 editClueBot NG (talk | contribs)Bots, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers6,438,662 editsm Reverting possible vandalism by 197.160.93.232 to version by Gogo Dodo. False positive? Report it. Thanks, ClueBot NG. (1842472) (Bot)← Previous edit | Revision as of 16:58, 18 May 2014 edit undoThe 197.160.93.232 (talk | contribs)11 edits ←Replaced content with '{{db-banned|Bahooka}} {{checkedsockpuppet|1=General Motors Corporation|2=Ford Motor Company}} {{troll}} {{attack}} {{subst:copyvio}}'Tag: blankingNext edit → | ||
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| {{Infobox automobile | |||
| {{checkedsockpuppet|1=General Motors Corporation|2=Ford Motor Company}} | |||
| |name = Cadillac Fleetwood | |||
| {{troll}} | |||
| |image = 1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood -- 11-20-2011.jpg | |||
| {{attack}} | |||
| |manufacturer = ] | |||
| <!-- Please do not remove or change this Copyvio message until the issue is settled --> | |||
| |production = 1984–1996 | |||
| {{Nobots}} | |||
| 1998–1999 | |||
| {{Copyviocore | |||
| |class = ] ] | |||
| |url= | |||
| }} | |||
| |month = May | |||
| The '''Cadillac Fleetwood''' is a model of ] manufactured by the ] corporation from the mid 1950s through the 1996 model years. From 1927 onwards it can also refer to various Cadillac models with Fleetwood bodies. | |||
| |day = 18 | |||
| |year = 2014 | |||
| == Early history == | |||
| |time = 16:58 | |||
| ] | |||
| |timestamp = 20140518165815}} | |||
| Lawrence P. Fisher was the Fisher brother most closely involved with ] in its early years. In 1916 he joined the ] Company which had been formed by two of his brothers in 1908.<ref name="cadillacdatabase.net">{{cite web|url=http://www.cadillacdatabase.net/Dbas_txt/Factd-g.htm |title=Cadillac Terms and Definitions D - G |publisher=Cadillacdatabase.net |date= |accessdate=2011-12-31}}</ref> Larry (as people knew him) was one of four of the seven Fisher brothers who brought Fisher Body Corporation under the ] umbrella in 1919.<ref name="cadillacdatabase.net"/> In May, 1925 ], then the head of General Motors, appointed Fisher as Cadillac General Manager, an office he retained through 1934.<ref name="cadillacdatabase.net"/> Fisher immediately went to work adding exclusive, custom bodies to the Cadillac range. Thus he oversaw the purchase of the ] Company by the Fisher Body Corporation in September, 1925.<ref name="cadillacdatabase.net"/> | |||
| <!-- Do not use the "Copyviocore" template directly; the above line is generated by "subst:Copyvio|url" --> | |||
| The Fleetwood Body Company of ], was founded by Harry Urich in the nineteenth century.<ref name="cadillacdatabase.net"/> It began as a small community of craftsmen founded by Henry Fleetwood, Esq. of ], near ] (the Fleetwood family flourished in ] in the 17th and 18th centuries).<ref name="cadillacdatabase.net"/> The rich traditions of 300 years of coach-building that the Fleetwood Body Company applied to its work on cars secured for it a high reputation in automobile circles worldwide by the 1920s.<ref name="cadillacdatabase.net"/> Coachwork was built by Fleetwood for a variety of luxury makes through 1924. However, after the Fisher Body Corporation purchased the Fleetwood Body Company in 1925, Fleetwood bodies were reserved exclusively for Cadillac.<ref name="cadillacdatabase.net"/> By 1929 GM had purchased the remaining stock holdings of the Fisher Body Corporation and thus became sole owner of both the Fisher and Fleetwood companies.<ref name="cadillacdatabase.net"/><ref name="Kimes 1996">{{cite book|last=Kimes|first=Beverly|title=Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942|year=1996|publisher=Krause publications|isbn=0-87341-428-4}}</ref> | |||
| From 1927 through 1934 all Cadillac series offered Fleetwood bodies as an option.<ref name="Kimes 1996"/><ref name="Gunnell 2005">{{cite book|last=Gunnell|first=John|title=Standard Catalog of Cadillac 1903-2005|year=2005|publisher=Krause publications|isbn=0873492897}}</ref> Thereafter Cadillac became more selective in offering Fleetwood bodies on its series and by 1938 the only way to obtain a Fleetwood bodied car was by buying a ] or ], as even the ] had a Fisher body in its inaugural year.<ref name="Kimes 1996"/><ref name="Gunnell 2005"/> The Fleetwood script and crest would not appear on the exterior of any Cadillac until the 1947 model year when it appeared on the rear deck lid of the ].<ref name="Gunnell 2005"/><ref name="Kowalke 1997">{{cite book|last=Kowalke|first=Ron|title=Standard Catalog of American Cars 1946-1975|year=1997|publisher=Krause publications|isbn=0-87341-521-3}}</ref> By 1952 it also appeared on the rear deck lid of the Series 75.<ref name="Gunnell 2005"/> In 1957 the ] ] ] joined the Sixty Special and the Series 75 as the only Cadillac models with Fleetwood bodies although Fleetwood script or crests did not appear anywhere on the exterior of the car.<ref name="Bonsal2003"/><ref name="SIA1970">{{cite journal|journal=Special Interest Autos|issue=#2 Nov.–Dec. 1970|title=Mark II Meets Eldorado Brougham}}</ref> This marked the first time in 20 years that a Fleetwood bodied car was paired with the Brougham name.<ref name="Kimes 1996"/><ref name="Gunnell 2005"/><ref name="Kowalke 1997"/> Ironically, when production of the Eldorado Brougham was shifted in 1959 from the Cadillac Fleetwood plant in ] to ] in ], only then did it acquire Fleetwood wheel discs<ref>{{cite web|url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1957-1960-cadillac-eldorado-brougham5.htm |title=1957-1960 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham - page 5 |publisher=auto.howstuffworks.com |date= |accessdate=2012-03-26}}</ref> and doorsill moldings,<ref name="1957-1960Cadillac EldoradoPage6">{{cite web|url=http://auto.howstuffworks.com/1957-1960-cadillac-eldorado-brougham6.htm |title=1957-1960 Cadillac Eldorado Brougham - page 6 |publisher=auto.howstuffworks.com |date= |accessdate=2012-03-26}}</ref> presumably because the design work<ref name="1957-1960Cadillac EldoradoPage6"/> and final touches<ref name="Bonsal2003"/> were still being done by Fleetwood. Production of the Eldorado Brougham ceased in 1961 but in 1963 the Eldorado Biarritz also became Fleetwood bodied and immediately acquired Fleetwood crests on its rear quarters<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cadillacdatabase.net/Dbas_txt/Phocad63.htm |title=Cadillac photos - 1963 |publisher=Cadillacdatabase.net |date= |accessdate=2011-12-31}}</ref> and Fleetwood rocker panel moldings.<ref name="Bonsal2003">{{cite book|last=Bonsall|first=Thomas|title=The Cadillac Story|year=2003|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=0-8047-4942-6}}</ref> Interestingly the 1963 Eldorado Biarritz was also the first Fleetwood bodied convertible since the Cadillac Series 75 stopped offering 4-door and 2-door convertible body styles and production of the Cadillac Series 90 ceased in 1941.<ref name="Kimes 1996"/><ref name="Gunnell 2005"/><ref name="Kowalke 1997"/> | |||
| In 1965 the Eldorado, Sixty Special and Series 75 models were designated as Fleetwood “subseries” but this would only last through the 1972 model year and during this period there never was a separate Fleetwood series per se.<ref name="Gunnell 2005"/><ref name="Kowalke 1997"/> Fleetwood became a much more integral part of a Cadillac series name in 1977 with the introduction of the ] and the Cadillac Fleetwood Limousine, which replaced the Fleetwood Sixty Special Brougham and the Fleetwood 75 respectively.<ref name="Gunnell 2005"/><ref name="Flammang 1999">{{cite book|last=Flammang|first=James|title=Standard Catalog of American Cars 1976-1999|year=1999|publisher=Krause publications|isbn=0-87341-755-0}}</ref> In 1985 Fleetwood finally became a separate series in its own right.<ref name="Gunnell 2005"/><ref name="Flammang 1999"/> | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| == 1985–1992 == | |||
| {{see also|Cadillac_de_Ville_series#1985.E2.80.931993|l1=Sixth Generation Cadillac de Ville}} | |||
| ] | |||
| {{Infobox automobile | |||
| |name = First generation | |||
| |image = 89-92 Cadillac Fleetwood sedan.jpg | |||
| |model_years = 1985–1992 | |||
| |assembly = ], USA | |||
| |layout = ] | |||
| |platform = ] | |||
| |related = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>] | |||
| |body_style = 4-door ]<br>2-door ] | |||
| |wheelbase = 1985–88: {{convert|110.8|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1989–92 2-doors: {{convert|110.8|in}}<br>1989–92 4-doors:{{convert|113.8|in}} | |||
| |engine = 4.3 L '']'' ] ]<br>4.1 L '']'' ]<br>4.5 L '']'' ]<br>4.9 L '']'' ] | |||
| |transmission = 4-speed ] ]<br>4-speed ] ]<br>4-speed ] ] | |||
| |length =1985–86: {{convert|195.0|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1987–88: {{convert|196.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1989 2-door: {{convert|202.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1989 4-door: {{convert|205.3|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1990 2-door: {{convert|202.7|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1991–92 2-door: {{convert|202.6|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1990–92 4-door: {{convert|205.6|in|mm|abbr=on}} | |||
| |width =1985–88: {{convert|71.7|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1989: {{convert|72.5|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1990: {{convert|71.7|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1991–92: {{convert|73.4|in|mm|abbr=on}} | |||
| |height =1985–89: {{convert|55.0|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1990–92 2-door: {{convert|54.9|in|mm|abbr=on}}<br>1990–92 4-door: {{convert|55.2|in|mm|abbr=on}} | |||
| |weight = {{convert|3500|-|3900|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | |||
| |designer = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| ] | |||
| A new ] ] platform was introduced in 1985. The Fleetwood shared the same {{convert|110.8|in}} wheelbase as the other C-body cars, the ], ], and ]. The ] continued to use the RWD platform, (which was redesignated as "]" for 1985) through 1986. | |||
| There were little more than trim differences between the Fleetwood and the de Ville. The d'Elegance package which had previously been available on the de Ville instead became a Fleetwood option. For 1986, Fleetwood was an option package on the de Ville and technically not a separate model. It returned to separate model status in 1987 (as "Fleetwood d'Elegance") but the coupe version was discontinued until 1989. | |||
| The 1987 and 1988 ] used a stretched {{convert|115.8|in}} version of the new C-body, while the 1985 through 1987 Series 75 used a {{convert|134.4|in}} stretched version of the same basic platform. | |||
| The aluminum 4.1 L '']'' ] was replaced by the 4.5 L '']'' for 1988. The engine was upped to 4.9 L for 1991's '']''. | |||
| Starting in 1989 the Fleetwood ] remained on the old {{convert|110.8|in|abbr=on}} wheelbase, while the ] saw its wheelbase increased to 113.8 in (2891 mm). The ]30,000+ sticker price was a bargain compared to the large German luxury cars of the time, but '']'' felt that there was no comparison. They felt that the ride was "harsh", surprising when combined with a "feeble" .67 g of cornering grip. And the {{convert|155|hp|abbr=on}} V8 could only manage 10.9 s to {{convert|60|mph|abbr=on}} for the {{convert|3615|lb|abbr=on}} car. | |||
| Power jumped to {{convert|180|hp|abbr=on}} from the same 4.5 L engine for 1990 through the use of a ] and other changes. It was replaced by the {{convert|200|hp|abbr=on}} 4.9 L '']'' for 1991. | |||
| The Fleetwood departed the front-drive lineup for 1993 (as the Fleetwood name went on the new rear-drive replacement for the 1992 Brougham). Sixty Special continued in its front-wheel drive form, as it had since it was reintroduced in 1987, but this would be the last year. To visually differentiate the 1989–1993 De Ville from the upper-rung Fleetwood and Sixty-Special models, the front-drive Fleetwoods and Sixty Specials use fender-mounted "spats" or skirts over the rear wheels, while De Ville had full rear-wheel openings. For its final-year, there were 5,292 Sixty Specials built in 1993, including 688 with the optional "Ultra" Package that featured 22-way adjustable front seats, designed in Italy by Giorgio Guigiaro. This distinctive seating package had been standard on the Sixty Special since 1989, but in 1993, it became a $3,550.00 option. While it was based upon the deVille, the Sixty Special included eleven items as standard equipment, while those eleven items were optional at extra cost on De Villes, and in addition there were options for the Sixty Special, that were ''not'' available on the deVille, such as "Memory Seat" for driver with two recall settings, an "Exit" button" when pushed automatically powered the driver seat all the way rearward, and dual front seat power recliners. On the exterior the rear wheels were partially covered with the fender skirts, giving the car a longer and more "formal" look than the deVille. | |||
| Both the Fleetwood and De Ville were coded as C-bodies in the fourth digit of the ]. The fifth digit coded the De Ville as "D" (with the later Touring Sedan becoming "T"), the Fleetwood as "B", and the Fleetwood Sixty Special as "S". The Sixty Special became the "G" code for 1991, and switched back to "B" for its 1993 run. | |||
| '''Transmissions''': | |||
| * 1985–1986 THM440 T4 | |||
| * 1987–1989 4T60 | |||
| * 1990–1992 4T60E | |||
| {| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-left:1em;" | |||
| |+ Engines | |||
| ! style="background:#e8f4f8;" | Displacement | |||
| ! style="background:#e8f4f8;" | Power | |||
| ! style="background:#e8f4f8;" | Torque | |||
| |- | |||
| |{{convert|263|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} '']'' ] || {{convert|85|hp|kW|abbr=on}} || | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{convert|250|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} '']'' ] || {{convert|135|hp|kW|abbr=on}} || {{convert|190|lbft|Nm||abbr=on}} | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{convert|273|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} '']'' ] || {{convert|155|hp|kW|abbr=on}} || | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{convert|273|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} '']'' ] || {{convert|180|hp|kW|abbr=on}} || | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{convert|300|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} '']'' ] || {{convert|200|hp|kW|abbr=on}} || {{convert|275|lbft|Nm||abbr=on}} | |||
| |} | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| == 1993–1996 == | |||
| {{Infobox automobile | |||
| |name = Second generation | |||
| |image = 93-96 Cadillac Fleetwood.jpg | |||
| |production = 1993–1996 | |||
| |predecessor = ] | |||
| |aka = | |||
| |layout = ] | |||
| |assembly = ], ] | |||
| |platform = ] | |||
| |body_style = 4-door ] | |||
| |engine = 5.7 L '']'' ]<br>5.7 L '']'' ]<ref name = "Specific Information"/> | |||
| |transmission = 4-speed ] ]<br>4-speed ] ] | |||
| |wheelbase = {{Convert|121.5|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} | |||
| |length = {{convert|225.0|in|mm|abbr=on}} | |||
| |width = {{convert|78.0|in|mm|abbr=on}} | |||
| |height = {{convert|57.1|in|mm|abbr=on}} | |||
| |weight = {{convert|4600|-|4700|lb|kg|abbr=on}} | |||
| |related = ]<br>]<br>]<br>] | |||
| |designer = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| For 1993, the '''Fleetwood''' name was switched from the Deville's ] C-body to the newly revised ] ]; that the ] had used previously. It was one of the first American front-wheel drive vehicles to be returned to rear-wheel drive. At {{Convert|225|in|mm}} overall, the Fleetwood was the longest production car made in the United States until production ceased on December 13, 1996.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://consumerguideauto.howstuffworks.com/1993-to-1996-cadillac-fleetwood-6.htm |title=http://consumerguideauto.howstuffworks.com/ 1993-1996 Cadillac Fleetwood: Full Review |publisher=Consumerguideauto.howstuffworks.com |date=2006-10-04 |accessdate=2011-06-24}}</ref> All Fleetwoods had standard antilock brakes, traction control and dual front airbags. | |||
| In 1994, Cadillac used the ]-derived ]<ref name = " FLEETWOOD BROUGHAM">{{cite web | url = http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9550.html| title = 1996 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham| work = the auto channel | publisher = The Auto Channel| accessdate = 2010-10-21}}</ref> {{convert|350|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} engine to make {{convert|260|hp|kW}} along with the new 4L60E ].<ref name = "Specific Information">{{cite web | last = Haukap| first = Anthony| url = http://myweb.accessus.net/~090/cfb.html#spec| title = 1993-96 Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham| publisher = | accessdate = 2010-10-23}}</ref> Between 1993 and 1996, the Fleetwood Commercial chassis was used in lieu of the DeVille for funeral coaches and limousines. The DeVille was used again in 1997. | |||
| The Cadillac Fleetwood was retired by General Motors in August 1996 to make way for Chevrolet ] and ] production. Another reason was that Cadillac already had two large sedans in its lineup — the ] and the ], so no direct replacement was needed.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} | |||
| ===Packages=== | |||
| The '''Brougham''' option package included a full vinyl top, sail panel badging, specific seat design with six-way driver's seat memory and heated and three-position lumbar front seats, instrument panel badging and rear seat storage armrest. | |||
| The {{convert|7000|lb|abbr=on}} trailer towing package was made available 1993, something not seen in a production sedan since the 1971–1976 ] {{Citation needed|date=July 2007}}. The ] V4P package included heavy duty cooling (RPO V08, which consisted of a seven-blade mechanical fan and an extra capacity radiator), RPO FE2 Suspension System Ride Handling, HD 4L60 transmission, RPO KC4 Cooling System Engine Oil, RPO KD1 Cooling System Transmission Oil, RPO KG9 140 amp alternator, and RPO GT4 3.73 gears with an 8.5-inch ring gear. In 1994–1996, the V4P package was revised with RPO GU6 3.42 gears with the new more powerful RPO LT1 {{convert|260|hp|kW}} V8, and HD 4L60E transmission with unique accumulators to shift smoother with the shorter rear axle gearing. | |||
| '''Transmissions''': | |||
| * 1993 4L60 | |||
| * 1994–1996 4L60E | |||
| {| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-left:1em;" | |||
| |+ Engines | |||
| ! style="background:#e8f4f8;" | Displacement | |||
| ! style="background:#e8f4f8;" | Power | |||
| ! style="background:#e8f4f8;" | Torque | |||
| |- | |||
| |{{convert|350|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} '']'' ] || {{convert|185|hp|kW|abbr=on}} || {{convert|304|lbft|Nm||abbr=on}} | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{convert|350|cuin|L|1|abbr=on}} '']'' ] || {{convert|260|hp|kW|abbr=on}} || {{convert|330|lbft|Nm||abbr=on}} | |||
| |} | |||
| {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto;" | |||
| |+'''Production Figures<ref>The Encyclopedia of American Cars, 2006 Edition</ref>''' | |||
| |- | |||
| ! style="background:silver;"| Year | |||
| ! style="background:silver;"| Units | |||
| |- | |||
| ! align="centered"| 1993 || 31,773 | |||
| |- | |||
| ! align="centered"| 1994 || 27,473 | |||
| |- | |||
| ! align="centered"| 1995 || 16,180 | |||
| |- | |||
| ! align="centered"| 1996 || 15,109 | |||
| |- | |||
| ! colspan="2" style="background:silver;"| Total Production = 90,535 | |||
| |} | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| == 1998–1999 == | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| The 1998/99 Cadillac Fleetwood Limited was built by the ] (Accubuilt) in Lima, Ohio. Superior took a regular production 1998/99 Cadillac De Ville and stretched the length. Exactly 314 were produced in 1998 and 467 were produced in 1999 for a total of 781. | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| {{refbegin}} | |||
| *{{cite journal | author=Arthur St. Antoine | title=Cadillac Fleetwood Road Test | journal=Car and Driver |date=April 1989 | volume=34 | issue=10 | pages=55–61 }} | |||
| {{refend}} | |||
| == External links == | |||
| {{Commons category|Cadillac Fleetwood}} | |||
| {{Cadillac timeline}} | |||
| {{Cadillac}} | |||
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