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| The ] system reflects Indian occupational and socio-religiously defined hierarchies. Traditionally, there are four broad categories of castes (varnas), including a category of outcastes, earlier called "]" but now commonly referred to as "]." Within these broad categories there are thousands of castes and subcastes , whose relative status varies from region to region. Despite economic modernization and laws countering discrimination against the lower end of the class structure, the caste system remains an important source of social identification for most Hindus and many non-Hindus as well, thus making it a potent factor in the political life of the country. | The ] system reflects Indian occupational and socio-religiously defined hierarchies. Traditionally, there are four broad categories of castes (varnas), including a category of outcastes, earlier called "]" but now commonly referred to as "]." Within these broad categories there are thousands of castes and subcastes , whose relative status varies from region to region. Despite economic modernization and laws countering discrimination against the lower end of the class structure, the caste system remains an important source of social identification for most Hindus and many non-Hindus as well, thus making it a potent factor in the political life of the country. | ||
| '''Population:''' | |||
| 1,049,700,118 (Jul 2003 Est) | 1,049,700,118 (Jul 2003 Est) | ||
| '''Age structure:''' | |||
| <br> |
<br>''0-14 years:'' | ||
| 32.2% (male 173,973,350; female 163,979,116) | 32.2% (male 173,973,350; female 163,979,116) | ||
| <br> |
<br>''15-64 years:'' | ||
| 63% (male 342,620,712; female 319,259,867) | 63% (male 342,620,712; female 319,259,867) | ||
| <br> |
<br>''65 years and over:'' | ||
| 4.8% (male 25,281,756; female 24,585,317) (2003 est.) | 4.8% (male 25,281,756; female 24,585,317) (2003 est.) | ||
| '''Population growth rate:''' | |||
| 1.47% (2003 est.) | 1.47% (2003 est.) | ||
| '''Birth rate:''' | |||
| 23.28 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 23.28 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) | ||
| '''Death rate:''' | |||
| 8.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | 8.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) | ||
| '''Net migration rate:''' | |||
| -0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | -0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) | ||
| '''Sex ratio:''' | |||
| <br> |
<br>''at birth:'' | ||
| 1.05 male(s)/female | 1.05 male(s)/female | ||
| <br> |
<br>''under 15 years:'' | ||
| 1.06 male(s)/female | 1.06 male(s)/female | ||
| <br> |
<br>''15-64 years:'' | ||
| 1.07 male(s)/female | 1.07 male(s)/female | ||
| <br> |
<br>''65 years and over:'' | ||
| 1.03 male(s)/female | 1.03 male(s)/female | ||
| <br> |
<br>''total population:'' | ||
| 1.07 male(s)/female (2000 est.) | 1.07 male(s)/female (2000 est.) | ||
| '''Infant mortality rate:''' | |||
| total: 59.59 deaths/1,000 live births | total: 59.59 deaths/1,000 live births | ||
| female: 58.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) | female: 58.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) | ||
| male: 60.23 deaths/1,000 live births | male: 60.23 deaths/1,000 live births | ||
| '''] at birth:''' | |||
| <br> |
<br>''total population:'' | ||
| 63.62 years | 63.62 years | ||
| <br> |
<br>''male:'' | ||
| 62.92 years | 62.92 years | ||
| <br> |
<br>''female:'' | ||
| 64.37 years (2003 est.) | 64.37 years (2003 est.) | ||
| '''Total fertility rate:''' | |||
| 2.91 children born/woman (2003 est.) | 2.91 children born/woman (2003 est.) | ||
| '''Nationality:''' | |||
| <br> |
<br>''noun:'' | ||
| Indian(s) | Indian(s) | ||
| <br> |
<br>''adjective:'' | ||
| Indian | Indian | ||
| '''Ethnic groups:''' | |||
| ] 72%, ] 25%, ] and other 3% | ] 72%, ] 25%, ] and other 3% | ||
| '''Religions:''' | |||
| Hindu 80%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, Others 2.5% (2001) | Hindu 80%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, Others 2.5% (2001) | ||
| '''Languages:''' | |||
| ] enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, ] is the primary Official language of the Indian government and primary tongue of 30% of the people. Among the other major languages, ], ], ] and ] all have about 50 million or more speakers ''within'' the boundaries of India (with more living in other countries). There are 22 languages recognised by the Indian Constitution - ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. | ] enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, ] is the primary Official language of the Indian government and primary tongue of 30% of the people. Among the other major languages, ], ], ] and ] all have about 50 million or more speakers ''within'' the boundaries of India (with more living in other countries). There are 22 languages recognised by the Indian Constitution - ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. | ||
Revision as of 19:45, 12 September 2004
Although India occupies only 2.4% of the world's land area, it supports over 15% of the world's population. Only China has a larger population. Almost 40% of Indians are younger than 15 years of age. More than 70% of the people live in more than 550,000 villages, and the remainder in more than 200 towns and cities. Over thousands of years of its history, India has been invaded from the Iranian plateau, Central Asia, Arabia, Afghanistan, and the West; Indian people and culture have absorbed and changed these influences to produce a remarkable racial and cultural synthesis.
Religion, caste, and language are major determinants of social and political organization in India today. The government has recognized 18 languages as official; Hindi is the most widely spoken.
Although 80% of the people are Hindu, India also is the home of more than 120 million Muslims--one of the world's largest Muslim populations. The population also includes Christians, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists, and Parsis.
The caste system reflects Indian occupational and socio-religiously defined hierarchies. Traditionally, there are four broad categories of castes (varnas), including a category of outcastes, earlier called "untouchables" but now commonly referred to as "dalits." Within these broad categories there are thousands of castes and subcastes , whose relative status varies from region to region. Despite economic modernization and laws countering discrimination against the lower end of the class structure, the caste system remains an important source of social identification for most Hindus and many non-Hindus as well, thus making it a potent factor in the political life of the country.
Population: 1,049,700,118 (Jul 2003 Est)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
32.2% (male 173,973,350; female 163,979,116)
15-64 years:
63% (male 342,620,712; female 319,259,867)
65 years and over:
4.8% (male 25,281,756; female 24,585,317) (2003 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.47% (2003 est.)
Birth rate: 23.28 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Death rate: 8.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Net migration rate: -0.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1.07 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
1.03 male(s)/female
total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 59.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 58.93 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) male: 60.23 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
63.62 years
male:
62.92 years
female:
64.37 years (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.91 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Indian(s)
adjective:
Indian
Ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3%
Religions: Hindu 80%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, Others 2.5% (2001)
Languages: English enjoys associate status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication, Hindi is the primary Official language of the Indian government and primary tongue of 30% of the people. Among the other major languages, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi and Tamil all have about 50 million or more speakers within the boundaries of India (with more living in other countries). There are 22 languages recognised by the Indian Constitution - Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.