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| WIKIPEDIA IS OWNED BY AMERICAN GOVERNEMENT,PLEASE TRUST NO ONE, IM FROM UKRAINE WE NEED RUSSIA HELP! UKRAINIAN AND NATO ARE KILLING US, KIDS WOMENS AND MENS WHO DO NOTHING WRONG! HELP! DONT TRUST WESTERN MEDIA! LET RUSSIA HELP US! | |||
| Putin later acknowledged that in early March there were "secret opinion polls" held in Crimea, which, according to him, reported overwhelming popular support for Russian annexation of Crimea.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://itar-tass.com/politika/1111359|title = Путин: Россия не планировала присоединять Крым|date = 10 April 2014|publisher = ]|language = Russian}}</ref> | |||
| On 6 March, the Supreme Council moved the ] date to 16 March and changed its scope to ask a new question: whether Crimea should accede to Russia or restore the 1992 constitution within Ukraine, which the Ukrainian government had previously invalidated. This referendum, unlike one announced earlier, contained no option to maintain the ''status quo'' of governance under the 1998 constitution.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/content/world-ukraine-crisis-referendum/1869197.html|title = Референдум в Крыму: ответ "нет" не предусмотрен|website = ]|language = Russian}} | |||
| </ref> | |||
| On 14 March, the Crimean status referendum was deemed unconstitutional by the ],<ref>{{cite web|url = http://24tv.ua/home/showSingleNews.do?ks_priznal_nekonstitutsionnim_postanovlenie_o_provedenii_referenduma_v_krimu&objectId=420886&lang=ru|title = КС признал неконституционным постановление о проведении референдума в Крыму - Видео}}</ref> and a day later, the ] formally dissolved the Crimean parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/891-18|title = Про дострокове припинення повноважень Верховної Ради Автономної Республіки Крим|language = Ukrainian}}</ref> | |||
| The referendum was held despite the opposition from Kiev. Official results reported about 95% of participating voters in Crimea and Sevastopol were in favor of joining Russia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/16/polls-open-in-crimea-referendum-amid-high-tensions/|title=Crimea referendum Wide condemnation after region votes to split from Ukraine Fox News|publisher=]|date=March 16, 2014}}</ref> The results of referendum are questioned,<ref>{{cite news|last=Halimah|first=Halimah|title=Crimea's vote: Was it legal?|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/17/world/europe/ukraine-vote-legality/|accessdate=March 19, 2014|newspaper=CNN|date=March 17, 2014}}</ref> Another report by Evgeny Bobrov, a member of the Russian President's Human Rights Council, suggested the official results were inflated and only 15% to 30% of Crimeans actually voted for the Russian option.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref> {{Ru icon}}</ref> | |||
| The means by which the referendum was conducted were widely criticized by foreign governments and in the Ukrainian and international press, with reports that anyone holding a Russian passport regardless of residency in Crimea was allowed to vote. However, Russia defended the integrity of the voting process, and a group of ] observers, principally from ] and ] political parties aligned with Putin, said the referendum was conducted in a free and fair manner.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/anton-shekhovtsov/kremlin%E2%80%99s-marriage-of-convenience-with-european-far-right|agency=oDR|title=The Kremlin’s marriage of convenience with the European far right|date=28 April 2014|accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws/buitenland/1.1908165|agency=De Redactie|language=Dutch|title=Extreemrechtse partijen uitgenodigd op referendum Krim|date=13 March 2014|accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dw.de/referendum-day-in-crimeas-simferopol/a-17500378|agency=Deutsche Welle|title=Referendum day in Crimea's Simferopol|date=16 March 2014|accessdate=12 June 2014}}</ref> | |||
| == Breakaway republic == | |||
| {{Infobox Former Country | |||
| |_noautocat= yes | |||
| |p1=Ukraine | |||
| |flag_p1=Flag of Ukraine.svg | |||
| |p2=Autonomous Republic of Crimea | |||
| |flag_p2=Flag of Crimea.svg | |||
| |p3=Sevastopol | |||
| |flag_p3=Flag of Sevastopol.svg | |||
| |s1=Russia | |||
| |flag_s1=Flag of Russia.svg | |||
| |s2=Republic of Crimea | |||
| |flag_s2=Flag of Crimea.svg | |||
| |s3=Sevastopol | |||
| |flag_s3=Flag of Sevastopol.svg | |||
| |year_start=2014 | |||
| |year_end=2014 | |||
| |continent=Europe | |||
| |conventional_long_name=Republic of Crimea | |||
| |native_name=Республика Крым<br/>Къырым Джумхуриети<br/>Республіка Крим | |||
| |common_name=Republic of Crimea | |||
| |government_type=]<ref name="KrimRada">{{cite web|title=Парламент Крыма принял Декларацию о независимости АРК и г. Севастополя|url=http://www.rada.crimea.ua/news/11_03_2014_1|publisher=Государственный Совет Республики Крым|accessdate=March 18, 2014|date=March 11, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| |legislature=] | |||
| |event_start = ] | |||
| |date_start = 11 March | |||
| |event1=] | |||
| |date_event1=16 March 2014 | |||
| |event2=Declared | |||
| |date_event2=17 March 2014<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/03/17/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/|title=Crimea votes to break from Ukraine, join Russia. What happens next?|publisher=CNN|date=March 17, 2014|accessdate=March 17, 2014|author=Marie-Louise Gumuchian|quote=On Monday, lawmakers in Crimea approved a resolution that declared the Black Sea peninsula an independent, sovereign state. They then filed an appeal to join the Russian Federation.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://rt.com/news/crimea-referendum-results-official-250/|title=Crimea votes to join Russian Federation: 96.77% say YES|publisher=RT|quote=Crimea was declared an independent sovereign state, the Republic of Crimea, on Monday, the autonomous Ukrainian regional parliament's website stated. The Supreme Council of Crimea unanimously voted to integrate of the region into Russia.}}</ref> | |||
| |event_end = Annexed | |||
| |date_end = 18 March | |||
| |image_flag=Flag of Crimea.svg | |||
| |flag=Flag of Crimea | |||
| |image_coat=Emblem of Crimea.svg | |||
| |symbol=Coat of arms of Crimea | |||
| |image_map=Crimea_(orthographic_projection).svg | |||
| |image_map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=green|countryprefix=the|country=Republic of Crimea, comprising the former ] and city of ]|region_color=none}} | |||
| |capital=]<br><small>{{Coord|44|57|N|34|06|E}}</small> | |||
| |common_languages = {{plainlist| | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| }} | |||
| |stat_year1 = Total | |||
| |stat_area1 = 26100 | |||
| |stat_year2 = 2007 | |||
| |stat_pop2 = 2352385 | |||
| |stat_area2 = 26100 | |||
| }} | |||
| On 17 March, following the official announcement of the ] results, the ] declared the formal independence of the '''Republic of Crimea''', comprising the territories of both the ] and the city of ], which was granted special status within the breakaway republic.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url = http://www.rada.crimea.ua/act/11748|title = Постановление Верховной Рады Автономной Республики Крым от 17 марта 2014 года № 1745-6/14 "О независимости Крыма"|website = www.rada.crimea.ua|language = Russian}}</ref> The Crimean parliament declared the "partial repeal" of Ukrainian laws and began nationalizing Ukrainian state property located on the Crimean Peninsula, including Ukrainian ]s<ref>{{cite web|url = http://nbnews.com.ua/ru/news/115865/|title = Парламент Крыма национализировал порты полуострова и их имущество|website = nbnews.com.ua|language = Russian|date = 17 March 2014}}</ref> and property of ].<ref>{{cite web|url = http://glavred.info/ekonomika/krym-nacionaliziroval-chernomorneftegaz-274301.html|title = Крым национализировал "Черноморнефтегаз"|website = glavred.info|date = 17 March 2014|language = Russian}}</ref> Parliament also formally requested that the ] admit the breakaway republic into Russia.<ref name="guardian20140317">{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/17/ukraine-crimea-russia-referendum-complain-result|title=Crimea applies to be part of Russian Federation after vote to leave Ukraine|publisher=The Guardian|date=March 17, 2014}}</ref> On same day, the ''de facto'' Supreme Council renamed itself the Crimean State Council,<ref>{{cite web|url = http://ria.ru/world/20140317/999851464.html#ixzz2x3HYXyPo|title = Крым начал процедуру присоединения к РФ, объявив о независимости|publisher = ]|language = Russian|date = 17 March 2014}}</ref> declared the ] an official currency alongside the ],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/economy/723938"|title=Russian ruble announced Crimea’s official currency|publisher=]|date=March 17, 2014}}</ref> and announced that Crimea would switch to ] (]) on 30 March.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://lenta.ru/news/2014/03/17/time/|title = Названа дата перехода Крыма на московское время|website = ]|date = 17 March 2014|language = Russian}}</ref> | |||
| Putin officially recognized the Republic of Crimea by ]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/6884|agency=Kremlin|title=Executive Order on recognising Republic of Crimea|date=March 17, 2014|accessdate=March 17, 2014}}</ref> and approved the admission of Crimea and Sevastopol as ].<ref> at ] {{Ru icon}}</ref> | |||
| == Accession treaty and immediate aftermath == | |||
| {{Main|Republic of Crimea|Crimean Federal District|Political status of Crimea}} | |||
| {{See also|Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin}} | |||
| {{Commons category|Crimean accession March 17 to 21|Formal admission ceremony and Russian legislation, March 17 to 21}} | |||
| {{Wikisourcelang|ru|Договор о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов|Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia}} | |||
| The Treaty on Accession of the Republic of Crimea to Russia was signed between representatives of the Republic of Crimea (including Sevastopol, with which the rest of Crimea briefly unified) and the Russian Federation on March 18, 2014 to lay out terms for the immediate admission of the ] and ] as ] and part of the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kremlin.ru/news/20605 |title=Договор между Российской Федерацией и Республикой Крым о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов |publisher=Kremlin.ru |accessdate=2014-04-10}}</ref><ref>, ], March 18, 2014</ref> It was ratified by the ] by March 21.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://rt.com/news/russia-parliament-crimea-ratification-293/|agency=RT|title=Crimea, Sevastopol officially join Russia as Putin signs final decree|date=22 March 2014|accessdate=9 April 2014}}</ref> | |||
| On 19 March Putin submitted to the State Duma, the lower house of parliament, a treaty of Crimea’s reunification with Russia and a constitutional amendment on setting up two new constituent territories of the Russian Federation.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/724381 |title=Putin submits Treaty on Crimea’s accession, new constitutional amendment to State Duma |publisher=En.itar-tass.com |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> Russian Constitutional Court found that treaty is in compliance with Constitution of Russia. The court sat in an emergency session following a formal request by President Vladimir Putin to assess the constitutionality of the treaty.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/724320 |title=Treaty on Crimea’s accession to Russia corresponds to Russian Constitution |publisher=En.itar-tass.com |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.ria.ru/russia/20140319/188570695/Russian-Constitutional-Court-Backs-Crimea-Reunification.html |title=Russian Constitutional Court Backs Crimea Reunification, RIA NOVOSTI |publisher=En.ria.ru |accessdate=March 19, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| After the Russian Constitutional Court upheld the constitutionality of the treaty, the State Duma ratified it on 20 March.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/724601|title=State Duma ratifies treaty on admission of Crimea into Russia|publisher=]|date=20 March 2014 |accessdate=March 20, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rg.ru/2014/03/20/zakon-krim.html|title=Госдума приняла закон о присоединении Крыма|publisher=]|date=20 March 2014 |accessdate=March 20, 2014}}</ref> The Duma also approved the draft federal constitutional law admitting Crimea and Sevastopol and establishing them as federal subjects.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/85091 |title=Справка о голосовании по вопросу:О проекте федерального конституционного закона № 475944-6 "О принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов - Республики Крым и города федерального значения Севастополя" (первое чтение) |publisher=Vote.duma.gov.ru |accessdate=2014-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vote.duma.gov.ru/vote/85092 |title=Справка о голосовании по вопросу: О проекте федерального конституционного закона № 475944-6 "О принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов - Республики Крым и города федерального значения Севастополя" (в целом) |publisher=Vote.duma.gov.ru |date=2014-03-20 |accessdate=2014-04-10}}</ref> ]'s ] was the only State Duma member to vote against the measures. A day later, the treaty itself and the required amendment to article 65 of the Russian Constitution (which lists the ]) were ratified by the ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/724749|title=Russian Federation Council ratifies treaty on Crimea’s entry to Russia|publisher=]|date=21 March 2014 |accessdate=March 21, 2014}}</ref> and almost immediately signed into law by Putin.<ref> ] {{Ru icon}}</ref> Crimea's admission to the Russian Federation was considered retroactive to 18 March, when Putin and Crimean leaders signed the draft treaty.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://base.garant.ru/70618342/|title = Федеральный конституционный закон от 21 марта 2014 г. N 6-ФКЗ "О принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов - Республики Крым и города федерального значения Севастополя"|quote = Article 1.<...>3. Republic of Crimea shall be considered admitted to the Russian Federation since date of signing of the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on the Accession of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the Formation of New Federal Constituent Entities within the Russian Federation|language = Russian}}</ref> | |||
| On 24 March, Ukraine ordered the full withdrawal of all of its armed forces from Crimea.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/24/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/| date= 24 March 2014| accessdate = March 24, 2014| title = Ukraine orders Crimea troop withdrawal as Russia seizes naval base| publisher =CNN}}</ref> The Ukrainian Ministry of Defense reported about half of Ukraine's troops in Crimea defected to Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://un.ua/eng/article/500186.html |title=Ukranian News - Defense Ministry: 50% Of Ukrainian Troops In Crimea Defect To Russia |publisher=Un.ua |date=2014-03-24 |accessdate=2014-04-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Jonathan Marcus |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26713727 |title=BBC News - Ukrainian forces withdraw from Crimea |publisher=Bbc.com |date=2014-03-24 |accessdate=2014-04-01}}</ref> | |||
| On 27 March, the ] adopted a ] ], which declared the Crimean referendum and subsequent status change invalid, by a vote of 100 to 11, with 58 abstentions and 24 absent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=47443&Cr=Ukraine&Cr1= |title=United Nations News Centre - Backing Ukraine’s territorial integrity, UN Assembly declares Crimea referendum invalid |publisher=Un.org |accessdate=2014-04-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Charbonneau |first=Louis |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/27/us-ukraine-crisis-un-idUSBREA2Q1GA20140327 |title=U.N. General Assembly declares Crimea secession vote invalid |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=2014-04-01}}</ref> | |||
| Crimea and Sevastopol switched to ] at the end of March.<ref name="Crimean time change">{{cite news|title=В 22.00 в Крыму и в Севастополе стрелки часов переведут на два часа вперёд – на московское время|url=http://www.1tv.ru/news/social/255292|accessdate=March 29, 2014|date=March 29, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Time switch">{{cite news|title=Crimea to set clocks to Russia time|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/crimea-to-set-clocks-to-russia-time-114033000014_1.html}}</ref> | |||
| On 2 April, Russia formally ] the ] and ].<ref> ] {{Ru icon}}</ref> Putin cited "the accession of the ] and Sevastopol into Russia" and resulting "practical end of ] relationships" as his reason for the denunciation.<ref>See {{Ru icon}}</ref> On the same day, he signed a decree formally rehabilitating the Crimean Tatars, who were ] in 1944, and the Armenian, German, Greek, and Bulgarian minority communities in the region that ] also ordered removed in the 1940s. | |||
| On 11 April, the Constitution of the Republic of Crimea and City Charter of Sevastopol were adopted,<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2451537|title = Крым и Севастополь ожидают представления свыше|date = 12 March 2014|publisher = ]|language = Russian|last = Nikiforov|first = Vadim|accessdate = 23 April 2014}}</ref> and on same day, the new federal subjects were enumerated in a newly published revision of the Russian Constitution.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.mk.ru/politics/russia/article/2014/04/11/1012747-kryim-propisalsya-v-konstitutsii-rossii.html|title = Крым прописался в конституции России|date = 11 April 2014|website = mk.ru|last = Nezamyatnyj|first = Ivan|language = Russian}}</ref> | |||
| {{multiple image | |||
| | direction = vertical | |||
| | image1 = Federal Law On Ratifying the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on Admitting to the Russian Federation.pdf | |||
| | caption1 = Federal Law On Ratifying the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on Admitting to the Russian Federation the Republic of Crimea and Establishing within the Russian Federation New Constituent Entities. | |||
| | image2 = Federal Constitutional Law On Admitting to the Russian Federation the Republic of Crimea.pdf | |||
| | caption2 = Federal Constitutional Law On Admitting to the Russian Federation the Republic of Crimea and Establishing within the Russian Federation the New Constituent Entities of the Republic of Crimea and the City of Federal Importance Sevastopol. | |||
| }} | |||
| ==Transition and aftermath== | |||
| The number of tourists visiting Crimea in the 2014 season is expected to be lower than in the previous years due to worries about the political situation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.kp.ru/daily/26207.5/3092655/|title=Российские туристы поедут в Крым, если ...смогут туда добраться|newspaper=]|date=July 17, 2013}}</ref> The Crimean government members however hope that Russian tourists will flow in calling it ''the Russian season''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ria56.ru/posts/45547575473754735.htm|title=Крым готовится к референдуму и ожидает Русских сезонов|publisher=РИА Оренбуржье|date=March 17, 2014}}</ref> The Russian government is planning to promote Crimea as a resort and provide subsidized holidays to the peninsula for children and state workers.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.vz.ru/society/2014/3/17/677499.html|title=Снова в "Артек"|publisher=Vzglyad|date=March 17, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| The ] news agency Novinite claims that according to the German newspaper '']'', the annexation of Crimea is economically disadvantageous for the Russian Federation. Russia will have to spend billions of euros a year to pay salaries and pensions. Moreover, Russia will have to undertake costly projects to connect Crimea to the Russian water supply and power system because Crimea has no land connection to Russia and at present gets water, gas and electricity from mainland Ukraine. This will require building ] and a pipeline across the ]. Also, Novinite claims that a Ukrainian expert told ''Die Welt'' that Crimea "will not be able to attract tourists".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.novinite.com/articles/159004/Die+Welt%3A+Crimea's+Accession+Will+Cost+Russia+Billions|title=Die Welt: Crimea's Accession Will Cost Russia Billions|publisher=Novinite|date=March 17, 2014}}</ref> One major reason is that ] for Europeans and North Americans to visit the country, but ]. | |||
| The Russian ] '']'' expresses an opinion that Russia will not acquire anything economically from "accessing" Crimea, which is not very developed industrially, having just a few big factories, and whose yearly gross product is only $4 billion. The newspaper also says that everything from Russia will have to be delivered by sea, higher costs of transportation will result in higher prices for everything, and in order to avoid a decline in living standards Russia will have to subsidize Crimean people for a few months. In total, Kommersant estimates the costs of integrating Crimea into Russia in $30 billion over the next decade, i.e. $3 billion per year.<ref name="kommersant20140207">{{cite news|url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2425287|title=Расходный полуостров|newspaper=]|date=March 7, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| On the other hand western oil experts estimate that Russia's seizing of Crimea, and the associated control of an area of Black Sea more than three times its land area gives it access to oil and gas reserves potentially worth trillions of dollars. It also deprives Ukraine of its chances of energy independence. Most immediately however, analysts say, Moscow's acquisition may alter the route along which the ] pipeline would be built, saving Russia money, time and engineering challenges. It would also allow Russia to avoid building in Turkish territorial waters, which was necessary in the original route in order to avoid Ukrainian territory.<ref name="In taking Crimea, Putin gains a sea of fuel reserves">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519140005/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/In-taking-Crimea-Putin-gains-a-sea-of-fuel-reserves/articleshow/35312595.cms?|title=In taking Crimea, Putin gains a sea of fuel reserves|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=May 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>. ''Counterpunch.org''. May 23–25, 2014.</ref> | |||
| Russian/] businessman ] announced he is ready to invest 12 billion rubles into the construction of a modern sea resort in Crimea, which is expected to create about 1,300 jobs. ], the ], said that other Chechen businessmen are planning to invest into Crimea as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://top.rbc.ru/economics/17/03/2014/911475.shtml |title=Оздоровлением курортов Крыма займется Руслан Байсаров |publisher=Top.rbc.ru |accessdate=2014-03-21}}</ref> | |||
| The ] (Roskomnadzor) warned about a transition period as Russian operators have to change the numbering capacity and subscribers. ] will be replaced from the ] to ]. Codes in Crimea start with ], but in the area of ] the 6 is given to Kazakhstan which shares former Soviet Union +7 with Russia, so city codes have to change. The regulator assigned 869 ] to Sevastopol and the rest of the peninsula received a 365 code.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.1prime.biz/news/telecommunications/_Ctrl_Telegraph_to_set_Russian_tariffs_on_telegrams_in_Crimea_Apr_3/0/%7B49A072BC-07C5-44F4-8296-74340FE93120%7D.uif| title = | |||
| Central Telegraph to set Russian tariffs on telegrams in Crimea Apr 3| work =Prime |date=March 26, 2014 | accessdate = March 230, 2014}}</ref> At the time of the unification with Russia, telephone operators and Internet service providers in Crimea and Sevastopol are connected to the outside world through the territory of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.comnews.ru/node/81207| title =Крымчанам придется поменять номера телефонов и SIM-карты| work =comnews.ru |date=March 19, 2014 | accessdate = March 19, 2014}}</ref> ] of Russia, ] announced on his ] account that ] in Crimea will now have six-figures: to the existing five-digit number the number two will be added at the beginning. For example, the Simferopol postal code 95000 will become 295000.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.comnews.ru/node/81297| title = | |||
| "Почта России" переводит почтовое сообщение с Крымом на российские тарифы| work =comnews.ru |date=March 25, 2014 | accessdate = March 25, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| Regrading Crimea's borders, the head of Russian Federal Agency for the Development of the State Border Facilities (Rosgranitsa) Konstantin Busygin, who was speaking at a meeting led by Russian Deputy Prime Minister ] in ], the capital of Crimea said the ] in the north of Crimea which, according to his claims, now forms part of the ], will be fully equipped with necessary facilities.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/729980| title =Russian state border in north Crimea to be fully equipped in early May| work =]|date=April 29, 2014 | accessdate = April 30, 2014}}</ref> In the area that now forms the border between Crimea and Ukraine mining the salt lake inlets from the sea that constitute the natural borders, and in the spit of land left over stretches of no-man’s-land with wire on either side was created.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://www.forbes.com/sites/melikkaylan/2014/05/30/sneaking-into-crimea-or-maybe-not/| title =Sneaking Into Crimea - Or Maybe Not| work =]|date=May 30, 2014 | accessdate = May 31, 2014}}</ref> On early June that year ] ] signed a ] №961<ref>О пунктах пропуска через государственную границу России в Республике Крым и городе Севастополе</ref> dated June 5, 2014 establishing air, sea, road and railway checkpoints. The adopted decisions create a legal basis for the functioning of a checkpoint system at the ] in the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.<ref>{{cite web| url =http://government.ru/en/docs/12922| title =Government Order On checkpoints at the Russian border in the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol| work =Government of Russia official website|date=7 June 2014 | accessdate = 7 June 2014}}</ref> | |||
| === Human rights situation === | |||
| On May 9, 2014 new ] amendment to the ], passed in December 2013, came into force. New article 280.1 designated incitement of violation of territorial integrity of the Russian Federation<ref name="UKRF280-1"> {{Ru icon}}</ref> (incl. calls for secession of Crimea from the Russia<ref>{{cite web|author=Автор статьи: Мария Макутина |url=http://rbcdaily.ru/politics/562949990932895 |title=За призывы вернуть Крым Украине можно будет лишиться свободы сроком до пяти лет - РБК daily |publisher=Rbcdaily.ru |accessdate=2014-04-01}}</ref>) as a criminal offence in Russia, punishable by a fine of 300 thousand roubles or imprisonment up to 3 years. If such statements are made in public media or the internet, the punishment could be obligatory works up to 480 hours or imprisonment up to five years.<ref name="UKRF280-1" /> | |||
| <section begin=HumanRights />Following the annexation of Crimea, according to report released on the Russian government run President of Russia’s Council on Civil Society and Human Rights website, Tatars who were opposed to Russian rule have been persecuted, Russian law restricting freedom of speech has been imposed, and the new pro-Russian authorities "liquidated" the Kiev Patriarchate Orthodox church on the peninsula.<ref></ref> | |||
| After the annexation, on May 16 the new Russian authorities of Crimea issued a ban on the annual commemorations of the anniversary of the ] by Stalin in 1944, citing "possibility of provocation by extremists" as a reason.<ref></ref> Previously, when Crimea was controlled by Ukraine, these commemorations had taken place every year.<!-- without incident or controversy. - needs a source that it was "without incident", not in reuters link given-->The pro-Russian Crimean authorities also banned ], a human rights activist, Soviet dissent, member of the Ukrainian parliament, and former Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatars from entering Crimea.<ref name="ft">{{cite news | url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/93ded53c-de99-11e3-b46b-00144feabdc0.html#axzz328ZgPvxe | title=Crimean Tatars defy ban on rallies to commemorate deportation | work=Financial Tims | date=May 18, 2014 | accessdate=19 May 2014 | author=Hille, Katherine}}</ref> Additionally, Mejlis reported, that officers of Russia's ] (FSB) raided Tatar homes in the same week, on the pretense of "suspicion of terrorist activity".<ref name="reut">{{cite news | url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/18/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-tatars-idUSBREA4H06S20140518 | title=Crimean Tatars commemorate Soviet deportation despite ban | work=Reuters | date=May 18, 2014 | agency=Reuters | accessdate=19 May 2014 | author=Winning, Alexander}}</ref> The Tatar community eventually did hold commemorative rallies in defiance of the ban.<ref name="ft"/><ref name="reut"/> In response Russian authorities flew helicopters over the rallies in an attempt to disrupt them.<ref name="bbc2">{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27461159 | title=Crimea helicopters try to disrupt Tatar rallies | work=BBC | date=18 May 2014 | agency=BBC | accessdate=19 May 2014}}</ref><section end=HumanRights /> | |||
| == Ukrainian response == | |||
| Immediately after the treaty of accession was signed in March, the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned the Provisional Principal of Russia in Ukraine to present '']'' of protest against Russia's recognition of the Republic of Crimea and its subsequent annexation.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.unn.com.ua/ru/news/1318642-mzs-viklikalo-timchasovogo-povirenogo-u-spravakh-rf-v-ukrayini-dlya-vruchennya-noti-protestu|title = МИД вызвал Временного поверенного в делах РФ в Украине для вручения ноты-протеста|date = 18 March 2014|website = unn.com.ua|language = Russian}}</ref> Two days later, the ] condemned the treaty<ref>{{cite web|url = http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1139-18|title = Декларація "Про боротьбу за звільнення України"|website = ]|language = Ukrainian}}</ref> and called Russia's actions "a gross violation of ]". The Rada called on the international community to avoid recognition of the "so-called Republic of Crimea" or the ] of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia as new federal subjects. | |||
| On 15 April 2014, the Verkhovna Rada declared the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol to be under "provisional ]" by the Russian military.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://iportal.rada.gov.ua/news/Novyny/Povidomlennya/91559.html|title = Верховна Рада України ухвалила Закон "Про забезпечення прав і свобод громадян та правовий режим на тимчасово окупованій території України"|date = 15 April 2014|publisher = ]|language = Ukrainian}}</ref> The territories were also deemed "inalienable parts of Ukraine" subject to Ukrainian law. Among other things, the special law approved by the Rada restricted foreign citizens' movements to and from the Crimean Peninsula and forbade certain types of entrepreneurship.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://rada.gov.ua/ru/news/Novosty/Soobshchenyya/91573.html|title = Верховная Рада Украины приняла Закон "Об обеспечении прав и свобод граждан и правовом режиме на временно оккупированной территории Украины"|date = 15 April 2014|publisher = ]|language = Russian}}</ref> The law also forbade activity of government bodies formed in violation of Ukrainian law and designated their acts as ]. The voting rights of Crimea in national Ukrainian elections were also suspended.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.vz.ru/news/2014/4/15/682175.html|title = Рада приняла закон о защите прав граждан "оккупированного Крыма"|date = 15 April 2014|website = ]|language = Russian}}</ref> The law had little to no actual effect in Crimea itself due to the mutual non-recognition between Kiev and Simferopol. | |||
| ==International response== | |||
| {{Further|Political status of Crimea|International reactions to the 2014 Crimean crisis|United Nations General Assembly Resolution 68/262}} | |||
| === United Nations Resolutions === | |||
| {{multiple image | |||
| | direction = vertical | |||
| | width = 300 | |||
| | image1 = 2014 UN Security Council vote to condemn Crimean referendum.png | |||
| | caption1 = ] vote on a draft resolution condemning the 2014 Crimean referendum. | |||
| {{legend|#287cfe|Voted in favor of the resolution}} | |||
| {{legend|#007f00|Abstained}} | |||
| {{legend|#ff0000|Vetoed the resolution}} | |||
| | image2 = UN Resolution regarding the territorial integrity of Ukraine.svg | |||
| | caption2 = UN General Assembly vote on the resolution condemning the 2014 Crimean referendum. | |||
| {{legend|#74C365|In favor of considering the referendum illegal}} | |||
| {{legend|#ab4e52|Against adopting the resolution}} | |||
| {{legend|#FADA5E|Abstained}} | |||
| {{legend|#89CFF0|Absent when the vote took place}} | |||
| | image3 = Recognition of Crimean Referendum.svg | |||
| | caption3 = | |||
| {{legend|#336733|Countries recognizing Crimea as a part of Russia.}} | |||
| {{legend|black|Crimea}} | |||
| }} | |||
| ==== Security Council Resolution ==== | |||
| On March 15, 2014 a U.S.-sponsored resolution was put forward to vote in the ] ] to reaffirm council's commitment to Ukraine's "sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity." | |||
| A total of 13 council members voted in favour of the resolution, China abstained, while Russia vetoed the U.N. resolution declaring ], on the future of Crimean Peninsula, as illegal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/03/15/russia-vetoes-un-resolution-crimea/6456495/ |title=Russia vetoes U.N. resolution on Crimea's future |author=USA TODAY Research and Ashley M. Williams |date=March 15, 2014 |website=www.usatoday.com |publisher=usatoday |accessdate=March 28, 2014}}</ref> | |||
| The Russian veto to the ] ] resolution was followed by a successful ] was held on March 16, 2014, by the legislature of Crimea as well as by the local government of ]. After the referendum, the ] declared its independence from Ukraine the next day, started seeking ] recognition, and requested to join the Russian Federation.<ref>, ], March 17, 2014</ref> On the same day, Russia recognized Crimea as a sovereign state.<ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite web|last=Vasovic |first=Aleksandar |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/17/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140317 |title=U.S., EU set sanctions as Putin recognizes Crimea sovereignty |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=2014-04-10}}</ref><ref>, ], March 17, 2014</ref> | |||
| ==== General Assembly Resolution ==== | |||
| On March 27, 2014, The ] ] approved a ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2014/ga11493.doc.htm |title=GENERAL ASSEMBLY ADOPTS RESOLUTION CALLING UPON STATES NOT TO RECOGNIZE CHANGES IN STATUS OF CRIMEA REGION |date=27 March 2014 |website=www.un.org |publisher=UN |accessdate=28 March 2014}}</ref> describing the ] leading to annexation of Crimea by Russia as illegal. The draft resolution, which was titled 'Territorial integrity of Ukraine' was co-sponsored by Canada, Costa Rica, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and the US. It affirmed council's commitment to the "sovereignty, political independence, unity and territorial integrity of Ukraine within its internationally recognised borders." The resolution tried to underscored that the March 16 referendum held in Crimea and the city of Sevastopol has no validity and cannot form the basis for any alteration of the status of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea or of the city of Sevastopol. The resolution got 100 votes in its favor, while 11 nations voted against and 58 countries abstained from the vote. The resolution was non-binding and the vote was largely symbolic.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26776416 |title=Ukraine: UN condemns Crimea vote as IMF and US back loans |date=27 March 2014 |website=www.bbc.com |publisher=BBC |accessdate=28 March 2014}}</ref> | |||
| ===Recognition=== | |||
| The vast majority of the international community has not recognized the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol as part of Russia. Most nations located in ], ], ], ], ], as well as non-former-Soviet-Union ] have openly rejected the referendum and the accession, and instead consider Crimea and Sevastopol to be administrative divisions of Ukraine. It is important to note, however, a number of nations from all the aforementioned regions have recognized the referendum. The remainder have largely remained neutral. The vote on ] (supporting the position that Crimea and Sevastopol remain part of Ukraine) was 100 to 11 in favor, with 58 states abstaining and a further 24 of the 193 member states not voting through being absent when the vote took place. The 100 states voting in favor represented about 34% of the world's population, the 11 against represented about 4.5%, the 58 abstentions represented about 58%, and the 24 absents represented about 3.5%. | |||
| Several members of the United Nations have made statements about their recognition of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol as federal subjects of Russia: | |||
| {{col-list|2| | |||
| * {{flag|Afghanistan}}<ref name="NYT">{{cite news| url = http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/28/world/europe/crimea-ukraine.html |title=Gunmen Seize Government Buildings in Crimea|work=The New York Times|date= February 27, 2014|accessdate= March 1, 2014 |quote = Masked men with guns seized government buildings in the capital of Ukraine's Crimea region on Thursday, barricading themselves inside and raising the Russian flag after mysterious overnight raids that appeared to be the work of militant Russian nationalists who want this volatile Black Sea region ruled from Moscow.}}</ref> | |||
| * {{flag|Cuba}}<ref name="moscow-times-497144"></ref> | |||
| * {{flag|Nicaragua}}<ref name="kyiv-post-341102">{{cite web |url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/nicaragua-recognizes-crimea-as-part-of-russia-341102.html |title=Nicaragua recognizes Crimea as part of Russia|publisher=Kyiv Post|date = 27 March 2014}}</ref> | |||
| * {{flag|Russia}}<ref name="itar-tass-724749">. itar-tass.com. 21 March 2014</ref> | |||
| * {{flag|Syria}}<ref name=NYT /> | |||
| * {{flag|Venezuela}}<ref name=NYT /> | |||
| }} | |||
| Position of {{flag|Belarus}} is vague: it includes "Ukraine should remain an integral, indivisible, non-aligned state" and "As for Crimea, I do not like it when the integrity and independence of a country are broken", on the one hand, and "Today Crimea is part of the Russian Federation. No matter whether you recognize it or not, the fact remains." and "Whether Crimea will be recognized as a region of the Russian Federation de-jure does not really matter", on the other hand.<ref>. president.gov.by. 23 March 2014.</ref> | |||
| Three ] recognized the results of the referendum: ], ], and ]. A fourth, ], sent a request on March 18 to join the Russian Federation following the Crimean example and in compliance with the Admission Law provisions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/politics/52743.html |title=Transnistria wants to merge with Russia |publisher=Vestnik Kavkaza |date=March 18, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26627236 |title=Moldova's Trans-Dniester region pleads to join Russia |publisher=Bbc.com |date=March 18, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://en.itar-tass.com/world/724121 |title=Dniester public organizations ask Russia to consider possibility of Transnistria accession |publisher=En.itar-tass.com |date=March 18, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> On April 16, Transnistria urged Russia and the United Nations to recognize its independence.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/transnistria-urges-kremlin-un-recognise-independence-1445126|title=Transnistria Urges Kremlin and UN to Recognise Independence|publisher=''International Business Times''|author=Gianluca Mezzofiore|date=April 16, 2014|accessdate=May 6, 2014}}</ref> Putin is aware of Transnistria's recognition request, according to ].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/peskov-putin-aware-of-transnistrias-request-on-independence-recognition-343896.html|title=Peskov: Putin aware of Transnistria's request on independence recognition|date=April 17, 2014|accessdate= | |||
| May 6, 2014|publisher=''KyivPost''}}</ref> | |||
| The following states have recognized the ].{{failed verification|date=April 2014}} | |||
| <center> | |||
| {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;" | |||
| |- | |||
| ! State !!UN member !! Date !!References | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Russia}}|| {{yes}} || 17 March 2014 ||<ref>. Russian.rt.com. 17 March 2014.</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Venezuela}}|| {{yes}} || 17 March 2014 ||<ref name=r1/><ref name=r2/> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|South Ossetia}}|| {{no}} || 17 March 2014 || <ref name=r3/> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Abkhazia}}|| {{no}} || 17 March 2014 || <ref name=r3>{{cite web |url=http://www.civil.ge/eng/article.php?id=27044 |title=Sokhumi, Tskhinvali Recognize Crimea Vote|publisher=civil.ge|date = 17 March 2014}}</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Kazakhstan}}|| {{yes}} || 18 March 2014 || <ref name=r1/><ref>. qha.com.ua. 19 March 2014</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Armenia}}|| {{yes}} || 19 March 2014 || <ref name=r1/><ref name=r2>. Associated Press via Fox News. 27 March 2014</ref><ref>. asbarez.com. 19 March 2014</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Nagorno-Karabakh Republic|name=Nagorno-Karabakh}} || {{no}} || 19 March 2014 || <ref name=nk>. Asbarez.com. Retrieved on 23 March 2014.</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} || {{yes}} || 20 March 2014 || <ref name=r1/><ref>. ria.ru. 20 March 2014.</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Uganda}} || {{yes}} || 21 March 2014 || <ref>. ria.ru. 20 March 2014</ref><ref>Африка признаёт референдум // Метро.- № 35 (47/2965). 21 March 2014. p. 4</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Afghanistan}} || {{yes}} || 22 March 2014 || <ref name=r1>. rt.com. 22 March 2014</ref><ref>. tolonews.com. 23 March 2014</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|North Korea}} || {{yes}} || 22 March 2014 || <ref name=r1 /><ref name=r2/> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Syria}} || {{yes}} || 22 March 2014 || <ref name=r1 /><ref name=r2/> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Belarus}} || {{yes}} || 23 March 2014|| <ref name=r2/><ref name=b1>. rt.com. 23 March 2014</ref><ref name=b2>. itar-tass.com. 23 March 2014</ref> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Cuba}} || {{yes}} || 27 March 2014|| <ref name=r2/> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Bolivia}} || {{yes}} || 27 March 2014|| <ref name=r2/> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Nicaragua}} || {{yes}} || 27 March 2014|| <ref name=r2/> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Sudan}} || {{yes}} || 27 March 2014|| <ref name=r2/> | |||
| |- | |||
| | {{flag|Zimbabwe}} || {{yes}} || 27 March 2014|| <ref name=r2/> | |||
| |} | |||
| </center> | |||
| === Commentary === | |||
| {{#section:2014 Crimean crisis|CommentaryOnAnnexation}} | |||
| {{#section:2014 Crimean crisis|CommentaryOnAnnexation2}} German Federal Minister of Finance ], Chancellor Angela Merkel and Minister of Foreign Affairs Frank-Walter Steinmeier all stated, that such comparisons are unacceptable.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://top.rbc.ru/politics/04/04/2014/915613.shtml|title = Глава Минфина ФРГ: Я не сравнивал Россию с нацистской Германией|date = 4 April 2014|website = top.]|language = Russian}}</ref> | |||
| {{#section:2014 Crimean crisis|CommentaryOnAnnexation3}} | |||
| U.S. Senator ] said the United States should aim to "drive the ] into the ground."<ref>"". Fox News. May 4, 2014.</ref> ] President ] said: "Even though I understand the interests of Crimea’s Russian-speaking majority, which was annexed to Ukraine by Khrushchev, we have our experience with the 1968 Russian military invasion."<ref>"". Bloomberg. March 3, 2014</ref> | |||
| === Sanctions === | |||
| {{further|List of individuals sanctioned during the 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine}} | |||
| ]” names. I think I’d be wise to keep my distance from them."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/6911 |title=President of Russia |publisher=Eng.kremlin.ru |date=2014-03-21 |accessdate=2014-05-18}}</ref>]] | |||
| Sanctions were imposed to prevent Russian and Crimean officials and politicians to travel to Canada, the United States, and the European Union. | |||
| Japan announced milder sanctions than the US and EU. These include suspension of talks relating to military, space, investment, and visa requirements.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2014/03/18/japan-imposes-sanctions-against-russia-over-crimea-independence/ |title=Japan imposes sanctions against Russia over Crimea independence |publisher=Fox News |date=2014-03-18 |accessdate=2014-04-01}}</ref> | |||
| Lithuanian President ] praised the U.S.'s decision to sanction Russia, saying Obama had set an example.<ref name=CNBC/> | |||
| In response to the sanctions introduced by the U.S. and EU, the ] unanimously passed a resolution asking for all members of the Duma to be included on the sanctions list.<ref name="dumasanctions">{{cite news|url=http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_03_18/All-Russian-MPs-volunteer-to-be-subject-to-US-EU-sanctions-7889/|title=All Russian MPs volunteer to be subject to US, EU sanctions|publisher=2014-03-18|accessdate=2014-03-20}}</ref> Head of the opposition ] party ] said he was proud of being included on the sanctions list, "It is with pride that I have found myself on the black list, this means they have noticed my stance on Crimea."<ref name=dumasanctions/> | |||
| Three days after the lists were published, the ] published a reciprocal sanctions list of US citizens, which consisted of 10 names, including House of Representatives Speaker ], Senator ], and two advisers to President Obama.<ref> '']'' Retrieved on March 20, 2014</ref> Several of those sanctioned responded with pride at their inclusion on the list, including ] who, through his spokesperson Michael Steel, said, “The Speaker is proud to be included on a list of those willing to stand against Putin’s aggression.";<ref name=WaPo>{{cite news|last=Lowery & O'Keefe|first=Wesley & Ed|title=Reacting to sanctions, Russians ban Reid, Boehner and four other lawmakers|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2014/03/20/reacting-to-sanctions-russians-ban-reid-boehner-and-7-other-lawmakers/|newspaper=Washington Post|date=March 20, 2014}}</ref><ref name=NJ>{{cite news|last=Isherwood|first=Darryl|title=Bob Menendez is banned from Russia|url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/03/bob_menendez_is_banned_from_russia.html|newspaper=NJ|date=March 20, 2014}}</ref> ] who tweeted, "I'm proud to be sanctioned by Putin - I'll never cease my efforts & dedication to freedom & independence of Ukraine, which includes Crimea.";<ref name=CNBC>{{cite news|title=Russia sanctions 9 US officials in response to US sanctions on Russian officials|url=http://www.cnbc.com/id/101489046|newspaper=CNBC|date=March 20, 2014}}</ref><ref name=WaPo/><ref name=NJ/> ];<ref name=WaPo/><ref name=NJ/> ];<ref name=CNBC/><ref name=WaPo/><ref name=NJ/><ref name=NJ/><ref name=Slate>{{cite news|last=Weigel|first=David|title=Senators Celebrate Being Sanctioned by Russia|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/weigel/2014/03/20/senators_celebrate_being_sanctioned_by_russia.html|newspaper=Slate|date=March 20, 2014}}</ref> ]<ref name=Slate/> and ].<ref name=Slate/> | |||
| According to the '']'' on Friday, March 21, "As recently as the start of the week, some of Moscow's financial elite were blasé about the prospect of sanctions. But Russia's businessmen were no longer smiling by after expanded US sanctions rippled through financial markets hitting the business interests of some of the country's richest people."<ref name = "FT share prices">{{Cite news |last1 = Farchy |first1 = Jack |last2 = Hume |first2 = Neil |date = 21 March 2014 |title = Russian share prices drop as sanctions bite |url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9ffba124-b0d6-11e3-9f6f-00144feab7de.html |work = ] |accessdate = 21 March 2014 }}</ref> The Americans centered on the heart of Moscow's leadership,<ref name = "FT inner circle">{{Cite news |last = Buckley|first = Neil |date = 21 March 2014 |title = Putin feels the heat as sanctions target president's inner circle |url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c8859528-b11c-11e3-bbd4-00144feab7de.html |work = ] |accessdate = 21 March 2014 }}</ref> though the EU initial list shied from targeting Putin's inner circle.<ref name = "EU trade war">{{Cite news |last = Traynor |first = Ian |date = 21 March 2014 |title = European Union prepares for trade war with Russia over Crimea |url = http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/21/eu-mobilises-trade-war-russia-crimea-ukraine |work = ] |accessdate = 22 March 2014 }}</ref> As ratings agencies ] and ] downgraded Russian credit outlook,<ref name = "Bloomberg downgrade">{{Cite news |last = Tanas |first = Olga |date = 21 March 2014 |title = Russia's Credit Outlook Cut as U.S., EU Widen Sanction Lists |url = http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-20/russia-outlook-cut-to-negative-by-s-p-as-obama-widens-sanctions.html |work = ] |accessdate = 21 March 2014 }}</ref> Novatek, Russian second-largest gas producer, saw $2.5bn in market value wiped out when its shares sank by nearly 10%, rendering Putin's close friend ], who has a 23% stake in the company, $575m poorer.<ref name = "FT share prices"/> "I do hope that there is some serious diplomatic activity going on behind the scenes," said one Russian banker quoted by the newspaper,<ref name = "FT executives">{{Cite news |last1 = Farchy |first1 = Jack |last2 = Hille |first2 = Kathrin |last3 = Weaver |first3 = Courtney |date = 21 March 2014 |title = Russian executives quake as US sanctions rattle markets |url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/3f35068a-b119-11e3-9548-00144feab7de.html |work = ] |accessdate = 21 March 2014 }}</ref> though others were more sanguine on the question of whether the sanctions would have any enduring effect<ref name = "Bloomberg downgrade"/>—"What has been announced so far is really nothing. It's purely cosmetic," said a French banker based in Moscow<ref>{{Cite news |last1 = Matzen |first1 = Eric |last2 = Martin |first2 = Michelle |date = 21 March 2014 |title = Russian sanctions ripple through corporate boardrooms |url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/03/21/uk-europe-sanctions-idUKBREA2K1VD20140321 |agency = ] |accessdate = 21 March 2014 }}</ref>—and Russians, top and bottom, seemed defiant.<ref name = "FT defiant">{{Cite news |last = Hille |first = Kathrin |date = 21 March 2014 |title = Putin boosted by defiant tone at top and among people |url = http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/1dca5172-b122-11e3-9548-00144feab7de.html |work = ] |accessdate = 21 March 2014 }}</ref> The official Russian response was mixed.<ref>{{Cite news |last1 = Alpert |first1 = Lukas I. |last2 = Sonne |first2 = Paul |date = 21 March 2014 |title = Russia Sends Mixed Signals in Response to U.S. Sanctions |url = http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303802104579452751446729822 |work = ] |accessdate = 21 March 2014 }}</ref> | |||
| == Cartographic response == | |||
| * ] stated, that their policy is "to portray current reality" and "Crimea, if it is formally annexed by Russia, would be shaded gray", but also further remarked that this step does not suggest recognizing legitimacy of such annexation.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://press.nationalgeographic.com/2014/03/19/statement-regarding-the-mapping-of-crimea/|title = Statement Regarding the Mapping of Crimea|date = 19 March 2014|publisher = ]}}</ref> As of April 2014 Crimea is still displayed as part of Ukraine.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url = http://hi-tech.mail.ru/news/new-krym-maps.html|title = КРЫМ НА КАРТАХ МИРА: СИТУАЦИЯ ПОМЕНЯЛАСЬ|date = 11 April 2014|website = hi-tech.]|language = Russian}}</ref> | |||
| * ] will paint Crimea as disputed territory for most of visitors.<ref name=":1" /> For Russian and Ukrainian versions of website Crimea will be marked as belonging to corresponding country (Russia or Ukraine respectively).<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|url = http://lenta.ru/news/2014/04/11/googlecrimea/|title = Google сделала Крым российским на картах для рунета|website = ]|date = 11 April 2014|language = Russian}}</ref> Google stated, that it "work with sources to get the best interpretation of the border or claim lines".<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-21/russian-cartographers-add-crimea-to-maps-amid-sanctions.html|title = Russian Cartographers Add Crimea to Maps Amid Sanctions|last = Kyle O’Donnell and Julie Johnsson|date = 22 March 2014|website = ]}}</ref> | |||
| * ] Maps displays Crimea according to official position of user's country. Users, visiting Yandex.ru from Russia, will see Crimea displayed as Russian territory. Users, visiting Yandex.ua or Yandex.ru from Crimea, will see peninsula as belonging to corresponding country (Ukraine or Russia). Users, visiting yandex.ua from Ukraine will see Crimea as Ukrainian and all other users (from other countries) will see Crimea as Russian territory.<ref name=":1" /> According to official statement, the company works with users from different countries and "displays reality, that surrounds them".<ref>{{cite web|url = http://slon.ru/fast/world/yandeks-pokazyvaet-raznye-karty-v-rossii-i-na-ukraine-1074691.xhtml|title = "Яндекс" показывает разные карты в России и на Украине|date = 22 March 2014|website = slon.ru|language = Russian}}</ref> | |||
| * ],<ref>{{cite web|url = http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/725342|title = Parliament challenges mapmakers to mark Crimea Russian territory|date = 26 March 2014|website = ]}}</ref> ] and ] display Crimea as belonging to Ukraine.<ref name=":1" /> In particular, Open Street Map requested its users to refrain from editing borders and administrative relations of subdivisions located in Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol until 31 May 2014.<ref name=":1" /> On June 5, 2014 ] switched to a territorial dispute option, displaying Crimea as a disputed territory belonging to both countries.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.osmfoundation.org/Working_Group_Minutes/DWG_2014-06-05_Special_Crimea|title = Statement by the DWG on edit conflicts in Crimea|publisher = OpenStreetMap Foundation|language = |date = 2014-06-05|quote = In the short-term Crimea shall remain in both the Ukraine and Russia administrative relations, and be indicated as disputed. We recognize that being in two administrative relations is not a good long-term solution, although the region is likely to be indicated as disputed for some time.}}</ref> | |||
| * ] maps display Crimea as part of Russia<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{cite web|url = http://ria.ru/world/20140319/1000202184.html|title = Mail.ru и Yandex изменят карты в связи с присоединением Крыма к России|publisher = ]|date = 19 March 2014|language = Russian}}</ref> | |||
| {{clear}} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Commons category|Annexation of Crimea}} | |||
| * | |||
| {{2014 Crimean crisis}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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Revision as of 22:11, 14 June 2014
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