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{{Hatnote|This article is part of a broader issue of ].}} {{Hatnote|This article is part of a broader issue of ].}}


'''Open defecation''' is the practice of defecating outside and in public, in and around your local community, as a result of no access to toilets, latrines or any kind of improved sanitation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opendefecation.org|title=OpenDefecation.org|date=2014-05-28 |accessdate=2014-05-28}}</ref> It currently affects one billion people in the developing world, or 15% of the global population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/sanitation.shtml |title=Sanitation &#124; International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015 |publisher=Un.org |date=2013-07-24 |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref> It is a practice widely considered to be at the heart of issues around ] worldwide. '''Open defecation''' is the practice of defecating outside and in public, in and around your local community, as a result of ingrained cultural patterns or having no access to toilets, latrines or any kind of improved sanitation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opendefecation.org|title=OpenDefecation.org|date=2014-05-28 |accessdate=2014-05-28}}</ref> It currently affects one billion people in the developing world, or 15% of the global population.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/sanitation.shtml |title=Sanitation &#124; International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015 |publisher=Un.org |date=2013-07-24 |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref> It is a practice widely considered to be at the heart of issues around ] worldwide.


==Practice== ==Practice==
Open defecation is a widespread problem in the developing world. India constitutes almost 60% of the practice,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/19/world-toilet-day-india_n_4302900.html |title=On World Toilet Day, World Bank Warns Over 600 Million Indians Defecate In The Open |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date=2013-11-19 |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref> with countries throughout Asia and Africa also contributing to the issue. China in particular is very tolerant of open defecation by children, even on indoor spaces. The practice is almost exclusively associated with areas of extreme ]. Open defecation is a widespread problem in the developing world. India constitutes almost 60% of the practice,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/19/world-toilet-day-india_n_4302900.html |title=On World Toilet Day, World Bank Warns Over 600 Million Indians Defecate In The Open |publisher=Huffingtonpost.com |date=2013-11-19 |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref> with countries throughout Asia and Africa also contributing to the issue. China in particular is very tolerant of open defecation{{dubious}} by children, even on indoor spaces. The practice is almost exclusively associated with areas of extreme ].


==Health impact== ==Health impact==
A single gram of human faeces contains as much as 10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000 bacteria, 1,000 parasite cysts and 100 parasite eggs.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://newint.org/features/2008/08/01/toilets-facts/ |title=Toilets - The Facts - New Internationalist |publisher=Newint.org |date= |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref> When ingested it can therefore lead to ], ], ], ], ], fatal worm infestation, ], stunted physical development and impaired cognitive function.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0073784 |title=Open Defecation and Childhood Stunting in India: An Ecological Analysis of New Data from 112 Districts |publisher=Plos One |date= |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref> A single gram of human faeces contains as much as 10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000 bacteria, 1,000 parasite cysts and 100 parasite eggs.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://newint.org/features/2008/08/01/toilets-facts/ |title=Toilets - The Facts - New Internationalist |publisher=Newint.org |date= |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref> When ingested it can therefore lead to ], ], ], ], ], fatal worm infestation, ], stunted physical development and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0073784 |title=Open Defecation and Childhood Stunting in India: An Ecological Analysis of New Data from 112 Districts |publisher=Plos One |date= |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref>
It makes open defecation a lead cause of diarrheal death; 2,000 children under the age of five die every day, one every 40 seconds, from ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/ |title=WHO &#124; Diarrhoeal disease |publisher=Who.int |date= |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref> It makes open defecation a lead cause of diarrheal death; 2,000 children under the age of five die every day, one every 40 seconds, from ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/ |title=WHO &#124; Diarrhoeal disease |publisher=Who.int |date= |accessdate=2014-03-10}}</ref>


Revision as of 04:21, 18 July 2014

This article is part of a broader issue of Sanitation.

Open defecation is the practice of defecating outside and in public, in and around your local community, as a result of ingrained cultural patterns or having no access to toilets, latrines or any kind of improved sanitation. It currently affects one billion people in the developing world, or 15% of the global population. It is a practice widely considered to be at the heart of issues around sanitation worldwide.

Practice

Open defecation is a widespread problem in the developing world. India constitutes almost 60% of the practice, with countries throughout Asia and Africa also contributing to the issue. China in particular is very tolerant of open defecation by children, even on indoor spaces. The practice is almost exclusively associated with areas of extreme poverty.

Health impact

A single gram of human faeces contains as much as 10,000,000 viruses, 1,000,000 bacteria, 1,000 parasite cysts and 100 parasite eggs. When ingested it can therefore lead to typhoid, cholera, hepatitis, polio, pneumonia, fatal worm infestation, trachoma, stunted physical development and impaired cognitive function. It makes open defecation a lead cause of diarrheal death; 2,000 children under the age of five die every day, one every 40 seconds, from diarrhea.

See also

References

  1. "OpenDefecation.org". 2014-05-28. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
  2. "Sanitation | International Decade for Action 'Water for Life' 2005-2015". Un.org. 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
  3. "On World Toilet Day, World Bank Warns Over 600 Million Indians Defecate In The Open". Huffingtonpost.com. 2013-11-19. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
  4. "Toilets - The Facts - New Internationalist". Newint.org. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
  5. "Open Defecation and Childhood Stunting in India: An Ecological Analysis of New Data from 112 Districts". Plos One. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
  6. "WHO | Diarrhoeal disease". Who.int. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
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