| Revision as of 10:08, 5 August 2014 editMelbourneStar (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers82,992 editsm Reverted edits by Enkhzaya.b (talk) to last version by Orangemike← Previous edit | Revision as of 10:32, 12 August 2014 edit undoEnkhzaya.b (talk | contribs)51 edits Undid revision 619938321 by MelbourneStar (talk) I am the originial source of Mongolian People's Revolutionary party and this section is violating Mr. Enkhbayar by wrong information.Next edit → | ||
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| '''Nambaryn Enkhbayar''' ({{lang-mn|Намбарын Энхбаяр}}; born June 1, 1958) is a ]n political figure. He served as the ] in 2000-2004, the Speaker of the Parliament in 2004-2005 and the President of Mongolia in 2005-2009. He is the first person to have held all of top three positions in Mongolian government. He was the chairman of former communist ] in 1997-2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/711253/Nambaryn-Enkhbayar|title=Nambaryn Enkhbayar|publisher=britannica.com|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> |
'''Nambaryn Enkhbayar''' ({{lang-mn|Намбарын Энхбаяр}}; born June 1, 1958) is a ]n political figure. He served as the ] in 2000-2004, the Speaker of the Parliament in 2004-2005 and the President of Mongolia in 2005-2009. He is the first person to have held all of top three positions in Mongolian government. He was the chairman of former communist ] in 1997-2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/711253/Nambaryn-Enkhbayar|title=Nambaryn Enkhbayar|publisher=britannica.com|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> | ||
| ==Early life and education== | ==Early life and education== | ||
| Nambaryn Enkhbayar was born on 1 June 1958 in ], Mongolia. He finished a secondary school in 1975, and earned an undergraduate degree majoring in literature and language studies from ] in ], ] in 1980. He studied at an English language and literature course<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mongol.undesten.mn/show/name/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%80+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD|title=Enkhbayar, Nambaryn|publisher=Undestnii tsahim ov akademi(National Digital Heritage Academy) (in Mongolian)|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> at ] in the ] in 1985-1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldleaders.columbia.edu/participants/nambaryn-enkhbayar|title=Nambaryn Enkhbayar, President of Mongolia|publisher=] World Leaders Forum|date=24 October 2007|accessdate=22 August 2009}}</ref> Enkhbayar became the chairman of the Association of Mongolian Writers in 1990. He is married to Onongiin Tsolmon in 1987 and they have four children.<ref name="Notable">{{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2007-Co-Lh/Enkhbayar-Nambaryn.html|title=Nambaryn Enkhbayar|publisher=notablebiographies.com|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> | Nambaryn Enkhbayar was born on 1 June 1958 in ], Mongolia. He finished a secondary school in 1975, and earned an undergraduate degree majoring in literature and language studies from ] in ], ] in 1980. He studied at an English language and literature course<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mongol.undesten.mn/show/name/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%80+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD|title=Enkhbayar, Nambaryn|publisher=Undestnii tsahim ov akademi(National Digital Heritage Academy) (in Mongolian)|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> at ] in the ] in 1985-1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldleaders.columbia.edu/participants/nambaryn-enkhbayar|title=Nambaryn Enkhbayar, President of Mongolia|publisher=] World Leaders Forum|date=24 October 2007|accessdate=22 August 2009}}</ref> Enkhbayar became the chairman of the Association of Mongolian Writers in 1990. Enkhbayar holds an English language proficiency certificate from ] and he has translated into Mongolian many works by important Russian and English authors, including ], ], ], and ].He also has released his own eleven-volume book, eight-volume book /2005/, The Great Mongolia /2007/ and The Peoples' support is stronger than position /2012/. He holds honorary doctorate degrees from a number of universities, and is a well-known translator and columnist. He is married to Onongiin Tsolmon in 1987 and they have four children.<ref name="Notable">{{cite web|url=http://www.notablebiographies.com/newsmakers2/2007-Co-Lh/Enkhbayar-Nambaryn.html|title=Nambaryn Enkhbayar|publisher=notablebiographies.com|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> | ||
| ==Legislative career== | ==Legislative career== | ||
| In 1992, as a member of the ](MPRP) Enkhbayar was elected to the ] (Mongolian Parliament). Mongolia voted to retain former communist MPRP during its first venture into democratic elections, and Enkhbayar was appointed to serve as the country's Minister of Culture. He held that post until 1996, when the ] ousted the MPRP in the parliamentary elections that year. In 1996 Enkhbayar became the secretary general of the MPRP and led the opposition MPRP group in the Parliament. In 1997 he was elected as the chairman of the MPRP.<ref name="lenta">{{cite web|url=http://lenta.ru/lib/14189978/|title=Nambaryn Enkhbayar, former President of Mongolia|publisher=lenta.ru (in Russian)|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> | In 1992, as a member of the ](MPRP) Enkhbayar was elected to the ] (Mongolian Parliament). Mongolia voted to retain former communist MPRP during its first venture into democratic elections, and Enkhbayar was appointed to serve as the country's Minister of Culture. He held that post until 1996, when the ] ousted the MPRP in the parliamentary elections that year. In 1996 Enkhbayar became the secretary general of the MPRP and led the opposition MPRP group in the Parliament. In 1997 he was elected as the chairman of the MPRP.<ref name="lenta">{{cite web|url=http://lenta.ru/lib/14189978/|title=Nambaryn Enkhbayar, former President of Mongolia|publisher=lenta.ru (in Russian)|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> In 2000, Enkhbayar held onto his seat in the Mongolian parliament, where he held the title of minority leader, and shepherded the party through a triumphant return to the office in 2000, in a landslide election, winning 72 out of 76 seats. | ||
| Under his leadership, MPRP became a member of the Socialist International, an international Institution of 162 political parties and organisations from all continents. With the MPRP in control of the Great Hural once again, Enkhbayar became the country's Prime Minister.He embarked on an ambitious plan to improve the infrastructure and encourage foreign direct investment. These included the new Millennium Road, the first to traverse Mongolia's 600,000 square-mile territory from east to west, and an agreement with a Canadian group to begin gold mining. The economy had revived through these reforms with GDP increasing by 4% in 2002, and reaching 10% growth rate in 2004. | |||
| He became the President of Mongolia on June 24, 2005 after winning the May 2005 elections. | |||
| He is the first person in the history of Mongolia who has occupied all three seats in the government. Under his 10 years of service, Mongolia had transformed from one of the most underdeveloped countries in central Asia, to one of the fastest growing economies in the world attracting the interest of various investors and companies. He was the one who reformed his party, Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (currently Mongolian People’s Party) and directed it towards a democratic, liberal shift, which secured peacefulness of Mongolia’s transition from communism to capitalism. Enkhbayar was a member and then a leader of the MPRP (Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party) since 1992. He was also supportive of the idea of socially beneficial foreign direct investment, attempting to prevent exploitation of Mongolia’s natural resources and trying to secure a deal which would be beneficial for the Mongolian people. | |||
| During his term as a President, Enkhbayar welcomed the Dalai Lama on August, 2006, when the Dalai Lama visited Mongolia and stayed at Enkhbayar’s residence. | |||
| ==Prime Minister== | ==Prime Minister== | ||
| In 1999, the country was hit by one of its infamous zud spells, when summer draught and cold weather blizzards resulted in severe food shortages and loss of thousands of livestock. The government responded poorly to the disaster and the MPRP received an unexpected boost from the climatological disaster.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fex.ennonline.net/20/famine.aspx|last=Siurua and Swift|first=H. and J.|title=Famine Avoided Despite Drought and ‘Zud’ in Mongolia|publisher=ENN|year=2002|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> Enkhbayar's leading MPRP won 2000 parliamentary elections winning 72 out of 76 seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2219_00.htm|title=Parliamentary Chamber: Ulsyn Ikh Khural. Elections held in 2000|publisher=ipu.org|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> The MPRP controlling the parliament, Enkhbayar became the country's Prime Minister. He initiated an ambitious Millennium Road project to connect Mongolian territory from east to west.<ref name="Notable"/> The road to connect Mongolia to Asian highway was never completed. On Christmas Day of December 25, 2003, |
In 1999, the country was hit by one of its infamous zud spells, when summer draught and cold weather blizzards resulted in severe food shortages and loss of thousands of livestock. The government responded poorly to the disaster and the MPRP received an unexpected boost from the climatological disaster.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fex.ennonline.net/20/famine.aspx|last=Siurua and Swift|first=H. and J.|title=Famine Avoided Despite Drought and ‘Zud’ in Mongolia|publisher=ENN|year=2002|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> Enkhbayar's leading MPRP won 2000 parliamentary elections winning 72 out of 76 seats.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2219_00.htm|title=Parliamentary Chamber: Ulsyn Ikh Khural. Elections held in 2000|publisher=ipu.org|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> The MPRP controlling the parliament, Enkhbayar became the country's Prime Minister. He initiated an ambitious Millennium Road project to connect Mongolian territory from east to west.<ref name="Notable"/> The road to connect Mongolia to Asian highway was never completed. On Christmas Day of December 25, 2003, Robert Friedland, owner of Ivanhoe Mines-Canada based company received a phone call from "Enkhbayar, who was asking for a spare USD50 million by the next day, to pay Mongolia’s debt to the former USSR before the New Year...As a businessman with an eye for a bargain, he was ready to provide the USD50 million within the next 24 hours in exchange for an exploitation license for Oyu Tolgoi."<ref name="Spider web 6">{{cite web|url=http://english.news.mn/content/108702.shtml|title=Spider web-6|publisher=news.mn|accessdate=30 June 2013|date=18 May 2012}}</ref> The secret deal went through and without tender bids Enkhbayar's government gave a 100% exploitation license of Mongolia's Oyu Tolgoi-the biggest copper and gold deposit available in the world-to Ivanhoe Mines company in December 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ivanhoe-mines.com/i/misc/OTFact.pdf|title=Reference Facts: Oyu Tolgoi Project|publisher=Ivanhoe Mines Mongolia|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> The Russian Federation wrote off 97% of former USSR loans to Mongolia, which was estimated to amount to US$ 11.3 billion on December 31, 2003. For the three percent payment "Russians claimed they received USD200 million out of USD250 million... There were a group of corrupt officials on both the Mongolian and Russian sides, who pocketed this money. Then Prime Minister of Russia Kasyanov, dubbed “Misha ten percent”, could not provide a credible explanation for this case, and apparently this was the very foundation from which President Putin started his investigations (in Russia.)"<ref name="Spider web 6" /> This was the first time since the 1920s that Mongolia did not owe debt to its northern neighbor,<ref>{{cite book|title=Mongolia: A Guide to Economic and Political Developments|last=Jeffries|first=Ian|pages=66|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fcgQ9nX0H3gC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=debt+forgiveness+mongolia+russia&source=bl&ots=MHxo5daz6C&sig=4wlCsSsN5gMxupBTP4RHlnuNehU&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cqmaT97BM-jZ4ASsgJHKBw&ved=0CHAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=debt%20forgiveness%20mongolia%20russia&f=false|publisher=Routledge|year=2007|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> while it was controversial debt due to Mongolia being a raw material supplier to Soviet Union<ref>{{cite book|title=Mongolia in the Twentieth Century: Landlocked Cosmpolitan|last=Kotkin and Elleman|first=Stephen and Bruce A.|pages=66|url=http://books.google.mn/books?id=tPMUm0idWw8C&pg=PA282&dq=mongolia+raw+material+supply+to+soviet+union&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dajPUZ3aGuGS4ASYpIHQAw&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=mongolia%20raw%20material%20supply%20to%20soviet%20union&f=false|publisher=M.E.Sharpe Inc.|year=1999|pages=282|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> pricing the materials almost free for former USSR. Thanks to international exposure of Mongolia's vast mineral resources, the economy experienced 10% real ] growth in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mongolia Country Report|url=http://www.gfmag.com/gdp-data-country-reports/218-mongolia-gdp-country-report.html#axzz1tFHOdQQ4|publisher=Global Finance|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> | ||
| ==Speaker of Parliament== | ==Speaker of Parliament== | ||
| Line 61: | Line 66: | ||
| US President Bush visits Mongolia|publisher=Xinhua News Agency|date=21 November 2005|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> Mongolia received US$ 285 million aid from the United States' Millennium Challenge Compact (MCC) which United States President George W.Bush signed with Enkhbayar in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=President Bush and President Enkhbayar of Mongolia Sign the Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact |url=http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/10/20071022-3.html|publisher=whitehouse.gov|date=22 October 2007|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> | US President Bush visits Mongolia|publisher=Xinhua News Agency|date=21 November 2005|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> Mongolia received US$ 285 million aid from the United States' Millennium Challenge Compact (MCC) which United States President George W.Bush signed with Enkhbayar in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=President Bush and President Enkhbayar of Mongolia Sign the Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact |url=http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/10/20071022-3.html|publisher=whitehouse.gov|date=22 October 2007|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> | ||
| In the ], incumbent President Enkhbayar was defeated by ] of ]. Elbegdorj won 51.21% of total votes while Enkhbayar got 47.41%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mongolia Profile|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-15460528|publisher=BBC|accessdate=30 June 2013|date=5 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Enkhbayar, Roland-Holst, Sugiyarto |first=Shagdar, David and Guntur|url=http://are.berkeley.edu/~dwrh/Docs/WP_Mongolia_Resources100920.pdf|title=Mongolia's investment priorities from a national development perspective|publisher=berkeley.edu|date=September 2010|pages=9|accessdate=25 June 2013}}</ref> Thus Enkhbayar became the first Mongolian President to lose re-election.<ref>{{cite web|title=Enkhbayar, Nambaryn|url=http://pronounce.voanews.com/modal.phrasedetail.php?id=2696|publisher=voanews.com|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ==New political party establishment== | ==New political party establishment== | ||
| In 2010 Enkhbayar established a political party and named it ]. The party received approval to use the previous name of the ] from the Supreme Court of Mongolia on 26 June 2011.<ref></ref> Enkhbayar became the chairman of his established party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-mongolia.com/mongolia/tag/n-enkhbayar-chairman-of-new-mprp/|publisher=Business-Mongolia.com|accessdate=30 June 2013|title=Former MPRP is reborn and former President named chairman|date=2 February 2011}}</ref> | In 2010 Enkhbayar established a political party and named it ]. The party received approval to use the previous name of the ] from the Supreme Court of Mongolia on 26 June 2011.<ref></ref> Enkhbayar became the chairman of his established party.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.business-mongolia.com/mongolia/tag/n-enkhbayar-chairman-of-new-mprp/|publisher=Business-Mongolia.com|accessdate=30 June 2013|title=Former MPRP is reborn and former President named chairman|date=2 February 2011}}</ref> | ||
| ==Convicted of corruption== | |||
| The Independent Authority Against Corruption (IAAC) arrested Enkhbayar at the dawn of 13 April 2012. The IAAC stated that it arrested Enkhbayar for questioning in a graft case involving the illegal privatization of a government-owned hotel because he never showed up for questioning eleven times over a year during the investigation, thus it was forced to arrest him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/04/13/mongolian-ex-president-seized-over-corruption/#ixzz2XfaafeG6 |publisher=Foxnews.com|accessdate=30 June 2013|title=Mongolian ex-president seized over corruption|date=13 April 2012}}</ref> | |||
| Over 1000 members of ] and Enkhbayar's supporters participated in ]'s organized demonstration demanding Enkhbayar's release on the same day of his arrest.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tang|first=Danlu|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2012-04/13/c_131525633.htm|publisher=Xinhua News Agency|accessdate=30 June 2013|title= | |||
| Mongolian party stages protest against former president's arrest|date=13 April 2012}}</ref> During his imprisonment, as well as in prison's hospital where Enkhbayar had exclusive four rooms for his sole use, his government cook cooked him his special meals and his state bodyguards protected him.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kh.|first=Namuun-Uyanga|publisher=mnews.mn (in Mongolian)|url=http://mnews.mn/news/1/single/5253|title=N.Enkhbayar comforts in four rooms and government cook cooks his meal|accessdate=30 June 2013}}</ref> On 4 May 2012, Enkhbayar announced a dry hunger strike demanding his release.<ref name="infomongolia">{{cite web|last=B.|first=Chimeg|url=http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/4043|publisher=infomongolia.com|accessdate=30 June 2013|title= | |||
| N.Enkhbayar is released on bail|date=15 May 2012}}</ref> He lost around 12 kilograms in 16 days.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.24tsag.mn/content/11703.shtml|publisher=24tsag.mn (in Mongolian)|accessdate=30 June 2013|title=N.Enkhbayar lost 16 kg in 12 days|date=15 May 2012}}</ref> ] issued a statement demanding the Mongolian authority to respect human rights of Enkhbayar compatible to international standards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.amnesty.mn/en/aim-news/amnesty-international-public-statement|publisher=Amnesty International Mongolia|accessdate=30 June 2013|title= | |||
| Mongolian authorities must respect the human rights of former Mongolian president following his arrest}}</ref> ] ] ] made a phone call to President ] expressing concern over Enkhbayar's health.<ref name="infomongolia">{{cite web|last=B.|first=Chimeg|url=http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/4043|publisher=infomongolia.com|accessdate=30 June 2013|title=N.Enkhbayar is released on bail|date=15 May 2012}}</ref> Enkhbayar was released on bail on 14 May 2012. ] Senator ] expressed to the U.S.Senate her pleasure for Enkhbayar's release on bail and said "For any democracy, due process and the rule of law are essential.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/press-releases?ContentRecord_id=c5da8450-7c23-4002-844f-03e7dae8146c|publisher=feinstein.senate.gov|accessdate=30 June 2013|date=14 May 2012|last=Feinstein|first=Diane|title= | |||
| Feinstein Statement on Former Mongolian President Enkhbayar}}</ref> | |||
| On 8 June 2012 the General Elections Committee (GEC) refused to register Enkhbayar as a candidate for 2012 parliamentary elections in MPRP party list listed as number one. It stated that the official documents sent from the Prosecutor's Office and Sukhbaatar District Court of ] required the rejection of Enkhbayar's application pending the case.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/06/08/mongolia-ex-president-nixed-from-upcoming-election|publisher=foxnews.com|accessdate=30 June 2013|date=8 June 2012|title= | |||
| Mongolia ex-president nixed from upcoming election}}</ref> | |||
| On 2 August 2012, after a three day trial Sukhbaatar District Court convicted Enkhbayar of corruption and sentenced to seven years of imprisonment, three of which was pardoned and then gave four years prison term and fined with over MNT 1.7 billion for misusing state properties and government power.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19107293|publisher=BBC|accessdate=30 June 2013|date=3 August 2012|title=Mongolia ex-leader Nambar Enkhbayar jailed}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/4674|publisher=infomongolia.com|accessdate=30 June 2013|date=3 August 2012|title=Former President of Mongolia N.Enkhbayar is sentenced to 4 years of imprisonment | |||
| }}</ref> Enkhbayar's sentence was reduced to two and a half year prison term without the fine by the ]-the highest court in Mongolia for graft and embezzlement such as misappropriation of government properties and assets such as Sukhbaatar printing factory and an Urgoo hotel to his family, and misuse of his government position.<ref name="news.mn">{{cite web|url=http://www.news.mn/content/143291.shtml|title=Enkhbayar's request to be freed from conviction returned|publisher=news.mn (in Mongolian)|accessdate=30 June 2013|date=7 May 2013}}</ref> | |||
| However, Enkhbayar spent less than a month in prison and spent the rest of his prison term as a patient at the Second General Hospital where high ranking government officials are medically treated. This is thanks to the change of the prisoners' medical treatment rule by health minister ], his ]'s secretary general.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mobile.time.mn/mcontent/20631.shtml?s=society&type=content|publisher=time.mn (in Mongolian)|accessdate=30 June 2013|last=D.|first=Chinguun|title=N.Enkhbayar, a prisoner or an "honorable" patient of health sector?}}</ref> | |||
| On 1 August 2013, President of Mongolia ] issued a decree to pardon Enkhbayar thus releasing him from the rest of his jail term effective on the decree date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.president.mn/mongolian/node/3487|publisher=Office of the President of Mongolia|accessdate=1 August 2013|title=N.Enkhbayar pardoned (in Mongolian)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=J.|first=Erkhes|url=http://www.news.mn/content/152555.shtml|publisher=news.mn|accessdate=1 August 2013|title=N.Enkhbayar released from rest of his jail term(in Mongolian)}}</ref> | |||
| ==Sports== | ==Sports== | ||
Revision as of 10:32, 12 August 2014
Nambaryn Enkhbayar (Template:Lang-mn; born June 1, 1958) is a Mongolian political figure. He served as the Prime Minister in 2000-2004, the Speaker of the Parliament in 2004-2005 and the President of Mongolia in 2005-2009. He is the first person to have held all of top three positions in Mongolian government. He was the chairman of former communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in 1997-2005.
Early life and education
Nambaryn Enkhbayar was born on 1 June 1958 in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. He finished a secondary school in 1975, and earned an undergraduate degree majoring in literature and language studies from Maxim Gorky Literature Institute in Moscow, Russia in 1980. He studied at an English language and literature course at Leeds University in the United Kingdom in 1985-1986. Enkhbayar became the chairman of the Association of Mongolian Writers in 1990. Enkhbayar holds an English language proficiency certificate from Cambridge University and he has translated into Mongolian many works by important Russian and English authors, including Leo Tolstoy, Charles Dickens, Aldous Huxley, and Virginia Woolf.He also has released his own eleven-volume book, eight-volume book /2005/, The Great Mongolia /2007/ and The Peoples' support is stronger than position /2012/. He holds honorary doctorate degrees from a number of universities, and is a well-known translator and columnist. He is married to Onongiin Tsolmon in 1987 and they have four children.
Legislative career
In 1992, as a member of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party(MPRP) Enkhbayar was elected to the State Great Khural (Mongolian Parliament). Mongolia voted to retain former communist MPRP during its first venture into democratic elections, and Enkhbayar was appointed to serve as the country's Minister of Culture. He held that post until 1996, when the Democratic Party ousted the MPRP in the parliamentary elections that year. In 1996 Enkhbayar became the secretary general of the MPRP and led the opposition MPRP group in the Parliament. In 1997 he was elected as the chairman of the MPRP. In 2000, Enkhbayar held onto his seat in the Mongolian parliament, where he held the title of minority leader, and shepherded the party through a triumphant return to the office in 2000, in a landslide election, winning 72 out of 76 seats. Under his leadership, MPRP became a member of the Socialist International, an international Institution of 162 political parties and organisations from all continents. With the MPRP in control of the Great Hural once again, Enkhbayar became the country's Prime Minister.He embarked on an ambitious plan to improve the infrastructure and encourage foreign direct investment. These included the new Millennium Road, the first to traverse Mongolia's 600,000 square-mile territory from east to west, and an agreement with a Canadian group to begin gold mining. The economy had revived through these reforms with GDP increasing by 4% in 2002, and reaching 10% growth rate in 2004. He became the President of Mongolia on June 24, 2005 after winning the May 2005 elections. He is the first person in the history of Mongolia who has occupied all three seats in the government. Under his 10 years of service, Mongolia had transformed from one of the most underdeveloped countries in central Asia, to one of the fastest growing economies in the world attracting the interest of various investors and companies. He was the one who reformed his party, Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (currently Mongolian People’s Party) and directed it towards a democratic, liberal shift, which secured peacefulness of Mongolia’s transition from communism to capitalism. Enkhbayar was a member and then a leader of the MPRP (Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party) since 1992. He was also supportive of the idea of socially beneficial foreign direct investment, attempting to prevent exploitation of Mongolia’s natural resources and trying to secure a deal which would be beneficial for the Mongolian people. During his term as a President, Enkhbayar welcomed the Dalai Lama on August, 2006, when the Dalai Lama visited Mongolia and stayed at Enkhbayar’s residence.
Prime Minister
In 1999, the country was hit by one of its infamous zud spells, when summer draught and cold weather blizzards resulted in severe food shortages and loss of thousands of livestock. The government responded poorly to the disaster and the MPRP received an unexpected boost from the climatological disaster. Enkhbayar's leading MPRP won 2000 parliamentary elections winning 72 out of 76 seats. The MPRP controlling the parliament, Enkhbayar became the country's Prime Minister. He initiated an ambitious Millennium Road project to connect Mongolian territory from east to west. The road to connect Mongolia to Asian highway was never completed. On Christmas Day of December 25, 2003, Robert Friedland, owner of Ivanhoe Mines-Canada based company received a phone call from "Enkhbayar, who was asking for a spare USD50 million by the next day, to pay Mongolia’s debt to the former USSR before the New Year...As a businessman with an eye for a bargain, he was ready to provide the USD50 million within the next 24 hours in exchange for an exploitation license for Oyu Tolgoi." The secret deal went through and without tender bids Enkhbayar's government gave a 100% exploitation license of Mongolia's Oyu Tolgoi-the biggest copper and gold deposit available in the world-to Ivanhoe Mines company in December 2003. The Russian Federation wrote off 97% of former USSR loans to Mongolia, which was estimated to amount to US$ 11.3 billion on December 31, 2003. For the three percent payment "Russians claimed they received USD200 million out of USD250 million... There were a group of corrupt officials on both the Mongolian and Russian sides, who pocketed this money. Then Prime Minister of Russia Kasyanov, dubbed “Misha ten percent”, could not provide a credible explanation for this case, and apparently this was the very foundation from which President Putin started his investigations (in Russia.)" This was the first time since the 1920s that Mongolia did not owe debt to its northern neighbor, while it was controversial debt due to Mongolia being a raw material supplier to Soviet Union pricing the materials almost free for former USSR. Thanks to international exposure of Mongolia's vast mineral resources, the economy experienced 10% real GDP growth in 2004.
Speaker of Parliament
In 2004, MPRP lost to Motherland Democratic Coalition-a coalition of Democratic Party and Motherland Party. Due to election result where none of the coalition and the MPRP became the enough majority to hold the government, grand coalition government was formed and Enkhbayar became the Speaker of the Parliament and served on this post in 2004-2005.
President
He won 2005 presidential election and became the Mongolian President. He welcomed U.S. President George W. Bush who paid an official visit to Mongolia. It was the first U.S president's visit to the country. Mongolia received US$ 285 million aid from the United States' Millennium Challenge Compact (MCC) which United States President George W.Bush signed with Enkhbayar in 2007.
New political party establishment
In 2010 Enkhbayar established a political party and named it Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The party received approval to use the previous name of the Mongolian People's Party from the Supreme Court of Mongolia on 26 June 2011. Enkhbayar became the chairman of his established party.
Sports
Enkhbayar climbed the highest peak in Mongolia, Mt.Khuiten with mountaineers of Mongolian Mountaineering Federation and Nepal Mountaineering Association on 23 June 2011.
Religion
Enkhbayar became a follower of Tibetan Buddhism when Mongolia was still under communist rule. He translated several Buddhist texts into Mongolian language.
Notes
- "Nambaryn Enkhbayar". britannica.com. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- "Enkhbayar, Nambaryn". Undestnii tsahim ov akademi(National Digital Heritage Academy) (in Mongolian). Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- "Nambaryn Enkhbayar, President of Mongolia". Columbia University World Leaders Forum. 24 October 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ^ "Nambaryn Enkhbayar". notablebiographies.com. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- "Nambaryn Enkhbayar, former President of Mongolia". lenta.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- Siurua and Swift, H. and J. (2002). "Famine Avoided Despite Drought and 'Zud' in Mongolia". ENN. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- "Parliamentary Chamber: Ulsyn Ikh Khural. Elections held in 2000". ipu.org. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- ^ "Spider web-6". news.mn. 18 May 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- "Reference Facts: Oyu Tolgoi Project" (PDF). Ivanhoe Mines Mongolia. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- Jeffries, Ian (2007). Mongolia: A Guide to Economic and Political Developments. Routledge. p. 66. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- Kotkin and Elleman, Stephen and Bruce A. (1999). Mongolia in the Twentieth Century: Landlocked Cosmpolitan. M.E.Sharpe Inc. p. 282. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- "Mongolia Country Report". Global Finance. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- "US President Bush visits Mongolia". Xinhua News Agency. 21 November 2005. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- "President Bush and President Enkhbayar of Mongolia Sign the Millennium Challenge Corporation Compact". whitehouse.gov. 22 October 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- Supreme Court of Mongolia
- "Former MPRP is reborn and former President named chairman". Business-Mongolia.com. 2 February 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- Karki, Niraj (October 2011). "From Mt. Everest to Mt. Khuiten". ECS Nepal. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- "Mongolian President Enkhbayar's Spiritual Outlook". buddhistchannel.tv. 17 June 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byBüdragchaagiin Dash-Yondon | General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Party 1996–1997 |
Succeeded byNatsagiin Bagabandi |
| Preceded byNatsagiin Bagabandi | General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Party 1997–2005 |
Succeeded byMiyeegombyn Enkhbold |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded byRinchinnyamyn Amarjargal | Prime Minister of Mongolia 2000–2004 |
Succeeded byTsakhiagiin Elbegdorj |
| Preceded byNatsagiin Bagabandi | President of Mongolia 2005–2009 |
Succeeded byTsakhiagiin Elbegdorj |
| Leaders of the Mongolian People's Party | |
|---|---|
| 1921–1990 | |
| 1990–present | |
| Italics indicate acting officeholders | |
| Prime ministers of Mongolia (List) | |
|---|---|
 Bogd Khanate of Mongolia(1911–1924) | |
 Mongolian People's Republic(1924–1992) | |
 Mongolia(1992–present) | |
| |
| Heads of state of Mongolia (List) | |
|---|---|
| Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924) | |
| Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992) | |
| Mongolia (1992–present) | |
| |
- Alumni of the University of Leeds
- Mongolian Buddhists
- Mongolian expatriates in the Soviet Union
- Mongolian expatriates in the United Kingdom
- Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party politicians
- People from Ulan Bator
- Presidents of Mongolia
- Prime Ministers of Mongolia
- Speakers of the State Great Khural
- 1958 births
- Living people