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Revision as of 03:44, 26 August 2014

This list contains all known stars and brown dwarfs at a distance of up to 5 parsecs (16.3 light-years) from the Solar System, ordered by increasing distance. In addition to the Solar System, there are another 54 stellar systems currently known lying within this distance. These systems contain a total of 56 hydrogen-fusing stars (of which 46 are red dwarfs), 14 brown dwarfs, and 4 white dwarfs. Despite the relative proximity of these objects to the Earth, only nine of them have an apparent magnitude less than 6.5, which means only about 12% of these objects can be observed with the naked eye. Besides the Sun, only three are first-magnitude stars: Alpha Centauri, Sirius, and Procyon. All of these objects are located in the Local Bubble, a region within the Orion–Cygnus Arm of the Milky Way Galaxy.

List

Stars visible to the unaided eye have their magnitude shown in light blue below. The classes of the stars and brown dwarfs are shown in the color of their spectral types (these colors are derived from conventional names for the spectral types and do not represent the star's observed color). Many brown dwarfs are not listed by visual magnitude but are listed by near-IR J band magnitude. Some of the parallax and distance results are preliminary measurements.

Maps of nearby stars

Future and past

Ross 248, currently at a distance of 10.3 light-years, has a radial velocity of −81 km/s. In about 31,000 years it may be the closest star to the Sun for several millennia, with a minimum distance of 0.927 parsecs (3.02 light-years) in 36,000 years. Gliese 445, currently at a distance of 17.6 light-years, has a radial velocity of −119 km/s. In about 40,000 years it will be the closest star for a period of several thousand years.

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See also

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• Interstellar travel
• List of brightest stars
• List of nearest bright stars
• List of nearest exoplanets
• List of nearest galaxies
• Lists of stars
• Nearby Stars Database
• Stars and planetary systems in fiction
• The Magnificent Seven

• Star
• Astronomy
• Solar System
• Space

References

1. Weaver, Harold F. (1947). "The Visibility of Stars Without Optical Aid". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 59 (350): 232–243. Bibcode:1947PASP...59..232W. doi:10.1086/125956.
2. ^ Research Consortium on Nearby Stars, GSU (2007-09-17). "The One Hundred Nearest Star Systems". RECONS. Retrieved 2007-11-06. {{cite journal}}: Check |first= value (help); External link in |journal= (help)
3. ^ From parallax.
4. ^ Parallaxes given by RECONS are a weighted mean of values in the sources given, as well as measurements by the RECONS program.
5. Before 1900: earliest certain recorded observation. 1900–1930: first catalogued. After 1930: earliest trigonometric or spectroscopic parallax.
6. ^ General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes.
7. ^ Hipparcos Catalogue.
8. Burgasser et al. 2000
9. ^ Visual binary orbits and masses post Hipparcos, Staffan Söderhjelm, Astronomy and Astrophysics 341 (January 1999), pp. 121–140.
10. "The exoplanet next door: Earth-sized world discovered in nearby α Centauri star system". Eric Hand, Nature, October 16, 2012. Accessed October 16, 2012.
11. Barnard, E. E. (1916). "A small star with large proper motion". Astronomical Journal. 29 (695): 181. Bibcode:1916AJ.....29..181B. doi:10.1086/104156.
12. ^ Luhman, K. L. "Discovery of a Binary Brown Dwarf at 2 Parsecs from the Sun" (PDF). Astrophysical Journal Letters (to be published).
13. http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.1303
14. Luhman, K. L. (21 April 2014). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 786 (2): L18. arXiv:1404.6501. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18.
15. Janson, M.; et al. (September 2008), "A comprehensive examination of the ε Eridani system. Verification of a 4 micron narrow-band high-contrast imaging approach for planet searches", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 488 (2): 771–780, arXiv:0807.0301, Bibcode:2008A&A...488..771J, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809984
16. ^ Template:Rr/2012arXiv1211.6977M
17. Bessel, F. W. (1839). "Bestimmung der Entfernung des 61sten Sterns des Schwans. Von Herrn Geheimen - Rath und Ritter Bessel". Astronomische Nachrichten (in German). 16 (5–6): 65. Bibcode:1839AN.....16...65B. doi:10.1002/asna.18390160502. (page 92) Ich bin daher der Meinung, daß nur die jährliche Parallaxe = 0"3136 als das Resultat der bisherigen Beobachtungen zu betrachten ist A parallax of 313.6 mas yields a distance of 10.4 light years
18. "The NASA-UC-UH Eta-Earth Program: IV. A Low-mass Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf 3.6 PC from Earth". Andrew W. Howard, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Debra A. Fischer, Howard Isaacson, Philip S. Muirhead, Gregory W. Henry, Tabetha S. Boyajian, Kaspar von Braun, Juliette C. Becker, Jason T. Wright, John Asher Johnson. Accessed August 26, 2014.
19. Zechmeister, M.; Kürster, M; Endl, M.; Lo Curto, G.; Hartman, H.; Nilsson, H.; Henning, T.; Hatzes, A.; Cochran, W. D. (April 2013). "The planet search programme at the ESO CES and HARPS. IV. The search for Jupiter analogues around solar-like stars". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 552: pp62. arXiv:1211.7263. Bibcode:2013A&A...552A..78Z. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201116551. {{cite journal}}: |pages= has extra text (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help); Invalid |display-authors=9 (help)
20. ^ Chris Gelino, Davy Kirkpatrick, Adam Burgasser. "DwarfArchives.org: Photometry, spectroscopy, and astrometry of M, L, and T dwarfs". caltech.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (main page)
21. ^ Systems with their first accurate trigonometric parallaxes measured by RECONS
22. The solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest star, Todd J. Henry, Philip A. Ianna, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Hartmut Jahreiss, The Astronomical Journal 114, #1 (July 1997), pp. 388–395. doi:10.1086/118482
23. ^ The Solar Neighborhood. XVII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program: 20 New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample, Todd J. Henry, Wei-Chun Jao, John P. Subasavage, Thomas D. Beaulieu, Philip A. Ianna, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 132, #6 (December 2006), pp. 2360–2371. doi:10.1086/508233
24. ^ Kirkpatrick, J. Davy (2012). "Further Defining Spectral Type "Y" and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf mass Function". arXiv:1205.2122 . {{cite arXiv}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |version= ignored (help)
25. Barnes, J. R.; et al. (2012). "ROPS: A New Search for Habitable Earths in the Southern Sky". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 424 (1): 591–604. arXiv:1204.6283. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.424..591B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21236.x. {{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
26. The very nearby M/T dwarf binary SCR 1845-6357, Markus Kasper, Beth A. Biller, Adam Burrows, Wolfgang Brandner, Jano Budaj, and Laird M. Close, Astronomy and Astrophysics 471, #2 (August 2007), pp. 655–659. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077881
27. Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Pamela Arriagada, Mikko Tuomi, Mathias Zechmeister, James S. Jenkins, Aviv Ofir, Stefan Dreizler, Enrico Gerlach, Chris J. Marvin, Ansgar Reiners, Sandra V. Jeffers, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Pedro J. Amado, Cristina Rodríguez-López, Zaira M. Berdiñas, Julian Morin, Jeff D. Crane, Stephen A. Shectman, Ian B. Thompson, Matías Díaz, Eugenio Rivera, Luis F. Sarmiento, Hugh R.A. Jones (2014). "Two planets around Kapteyn's star : a cold and a temperate super-Earth orbiting the nearest halo red-dwarf". arXiv:1406.0818 . {{cite arXiv}}: Unknown parameter |accessdate= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
28. The Solar Neighborhood. XIII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 Meter Program: Stars with μ >= 1.0" yr (Motion sample), Wei-Chun Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, Jennifer L. Bartlett, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 129, #4 (April 2005), pp. 1954–1967. doi:10.1086/428489
29. ^ The Solar Neighborhood. XIV. Parallaxes from the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax Investigation—First Results from the 1.5 m Telescope Program, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, W.-C. Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, and Jennifer Bartlett, The Astronomical Journal 130, #1 (July 2005), pp. 337–349. doi:10.1086/430473
30. Lucas; Tinney; Ben Burningham; Leggett; Pinfield; Richard Smart; Jones; Federico Marocco; Barber (2010). "The discovery of a very cool, very nearby brown dwarf in the Galactic plane". arXiv:1004.0317v2 .
31. Lucas, Philip W. (2010). "Discovery of a very cool brown dwarf amongst the ten nearest stars to the Solar System". arXiv:1004.0317 . {{cite arXiv}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |version= ignored (help)
32. http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.5439
33. The Lick–Carnegie exoplanet survey: Gliese 687 b: A Neptune-mass planet orbiting a nearby red dwarf
34. http://exoplanet.eu/star.php?st=GJ+674
35. Rivera, Eugenio J.; et al. (July 2010). "The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration". The Astrophysical Journal. 719 (1): 890–899. arXiv:1006.4244. Bibcode:2010ApJ...719..890R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/719/1/890.
36. Bailey, Jeremy; et al. (2008). "A Jupiter-like Planet Orbiting the Nearby M Dwarf GJ832". The Astrophysical Journal. 690 (1): 743–747. arXiv:0809.0172. Bibcode:2009ApJ...690..743B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/743. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)
37. http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.5587
38. ^ The Close Approach of Stars in the Solar Neighborhood

External links

• "The 100 nearest star systems", Research Consortium on Nearby Stars

• "NStars database". Northern Arizona University. Retrieved 2005-10-24.
• "Map of the 25 nearest star systems". NASA. Retrieved 2005-10-24.
• "Notable Nearby Stars". SolStation. Retrieved 2005-10-24.
• "Cool stars in the solar Neighbourhood". D. Montes, UCM. Retrieved 2005-11-14.
• The dynamics of the closest stars
• Takeda, G.; E. B. Ford; A. Sills; F. A. Rasio; D. A. Fischer; J. A. Valenti (2006). "Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets II. Physical Properties of ~ 1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog". California & Carnegie Planet Search. Retrieved 2006-10-13.
• Nearest Stars 3D View
• Table 4 "The Census of Stars and Brown Dwarfs within 8 Parsecs of the Sun" in Kirkpatrick et al. (2012) Further Defining Spectral Type “Y” and Exploring the Low-mass End of the Field Brown Dwarf Mass Function, http://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.2122v1.pdf

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• Lists of stars
• Orion–Cygnus Arm
• Lists of superlatives in astronomy