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| ==Astronomers and astrophysicists== | ==Astronomers and astrophysicists== | ||
| * ] (Ali KUŞÇU 1403 - 1474) | * ] (Ali KUŞÇU 1403 - 1474) Persian | ||
| * ] (d. 777 CE) | * ] (d. 777 CE) Persian | ||
| * ] (died 796 or 806) | * ] (died 796 or 806) Persian | ||
| * ], mathematician (c. 780 – c. 850) | * ], mathematician (c. 780 – c. 850) Persian | ||
| * ] (Albumasar) (787 - 886 CE) | * ] (Albumasar) (787 - 886 CE) Persian | ||
| * ] (mid-9th century) | * ] (mid-9th century) Persian | ||
| * ] (Ben ..Mousa) (9th century) | * ] (Ben ..Mousa) (9th century) Persian | ||
| * ] (d. 1008 or 1007 CE) | * ] (d. 1008 or 1007 CE) Spanish | ||
| * ] (c. 858 – 929) (Albatenius) | * ] (c. 858 – 929) (Albatenius) Kurdish | ||
| * ] (c. 872 – c. 950), (Abunaser) | * ] (c. 872 – c. 950), (Abunaser) Persian | ||
| * ] (903 - 986) | * ] (903 - 986) Persian | ||
| * ] (9th century) | * ] (9th century) Persian | ||
| * ] (971 - 1029) | * ] (971 - 1029) Persian | ||
| * ] (900 - 971) | * ] (900 - 971) Persian | ||
| * ] (9th century) | * ] (9th century) Persian | ||
| * ] (9th century) | * ] (9th century) Persian | ||
| * ] (865 - 922) | * ] (865 - 922) Persian | ||
| * ] (4th century) | * ] (4th century) Persian | ||
| * ] (9th century) | * ] (9th century) Persian | ||
| * ] (970 - 1036) | * ] (970 - 1036) Persian | ||
| * ] (10th century) (Kuhi) | * ] (10th century) (Kuhi) Persian | ||
| * ] (940 - 1000) | * ] (940 - 1000) Persian | ||
| * ] (940 - 998) | * ] (940 - 998) Persian | ||
| * ] (950 - 1009) | * ] (950 - 1009) Egyptian | ||
| * ] (965 - 140) (Alhacen) | * ] (965 - 140) (Alhacen) Arab | ||
| * ] (973 - 1048) | * ] (973 - 1048) Persian | ||
| * ] (980 - 1037) (Ibn Sīnā) | * ] (980 - 1037) (Ibn Sīnā) Persian | ||
| * ] (1029-1087) (Arzachel) | * ] (1029-1087) (Arzachel) Spanish | ||
| * ] (1048 - 1131) | * ] (1048 - 1131) Persian | ||
| * ] (1115 - 1130) | * ] (1115 - 1130) Greek | ||
| * ] (1095 - 1138) (Avempace) | * ] (1095 - 1138) (Avempace) Spanish | ||
| * ] (1105 - 1185) (Abubacer) | * ] (1105 - 1185) (Abubacer) Spanish | ||
| * ] (12th century - 1204) (Alpetragius) | * ] (12th century - 1204) (Alpetragius) Spanish | ||
| * ] (1126 - 1198) | * ] (1126 - 1198) Spanish | ||
| * ] (1136 - 1206) | * ] (1136 - 1206) Kurdish | ||
| * ] (died 1213/4) | * ] (died 1213/4) Persian | ||
| * ] (1126-1189) | * ] (1126-1189) Persian | ||
| * ] (died 1266) | * ] (died 1266) Arab | ||
| * ] (1201 - 1274) | * ] (1201 - 1274) Persian | ||
| * ] (1236 - 1311) | * ] (1236 - 1311) Persian | ||
| * ] (1304 - 1375) | * ] (1304 - 1375) Arab | ||
| * ] (1250 - 1310) | * ] (1250 - 1310) Persian | ||
| * ] (1380 - 1429) | * ] (1380 - 1429) Persian | ||
| * ] (1394 - 1449), |
* ] (1394 - 1449), Moghol mathematician | ||
| * ] (1526 - 1585), Ottoman astronomer | * ] (1526 - 1585), Ottoman astronomer | ||
| * ] (8th and 9th centuries) | * ] (8th and 9th centuries) Persian | ||
| * ] (10th and 11th century) | * ] (10th and 11th century) Arab | ||
| * ] (10th century) | * ] (10th century) Persian | ||
| == Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists == | == Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists == | ||
| {{Further|Islamic psychological thought}} | {{Further|Islamic psychological thought}} | ||
| * ] (654–728), author of work on ]s and ]<ref name=Amber-375>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 .</ref> | * ] (654–728), author of work on ]s and ]<ref name=Amber-375>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 .</ref> Arab | ||
| * ] (Alkindus), pioneer of ] and ]<ref name=Saoud>{{cite web |url=http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/Music2.pdf |title=The Arab Contribution to the Music of the Western World |accessdate=2007-01-12 |format=PDF |author= Saoud, R}}</ref> | * ] (Alkindus), pioneer of ] and ]<ref name=Saoud>{{cite web |url=http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/Music2.pdf |title=The Arab Contribution to the Music of the Western World |accessdate=2007-01-12 |format=PDF |author= Saoud, R}}</ref> Arab | ||
| * ], pioneer of ], ] and ]<ref name=Amber>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 </ref> | * ], pioneer of ], ] and ]<ref name=Amber>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 </ref> Persian | ||
| * ], pioneer of ],<ref name=Talib>Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", ''The International Medical Journal'' '''4''' (2), p. 76-79.</ref> ], ], ], ] and ]<ref>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 </ref> | * ], pioneer of ],<ref name=Talib>Nurdeen Deuraseh and Mansor Abu Talib (2005), "Mental health in Islamic medical tradition", ''The International Medical Journal'' '''4''' (2), p. 76-79.</ref> ], ], ], ] and ]<ref>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 </ref> Persian | ||
| * ] (Alpharabius), pioneer of ] and ] studies<ref name=Amber-363>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 .</ref> | * ] (Alpharabius), pioneer of ] and ] studies<ref name=Amber-363>Amber Haque (2004), "Psychology from Islamic Perspective: Contributions of Early Muslim Scholars and Challenges to Contemporary Muslim Psychologists", ''Journal of Religion and Health'' '''43''' (4): 357-377 .</ref>Persian | ||
| * ] (Haly Abbas), pioneer of ], ] and ]<ref name=Amber-363/> | * ] (Haly Abbas), pioneer of ], ] and ]<ref name=Amber-363/> Persian | ||
| * ] (Abulcasis), pioneer of ]<ref name=Martinez>Martin-Araguz, A.; Bustamante-Martinez, C.; Fernandez-Armayor, Ajo V.; Moreno-Martinez, J. M. (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", ''Revista de neurología'' '''34''' (9), p. 877-892.</ref> | * ] (Abulcasis), pioneer of ]<ref name=Martinez>Martin-Araguz, A.; Bustamante-Martinez, C.; Fernandez-Armayor, Ajo V.; Moreno-Martinez, J. M. (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", ''Revista de neurología'' '''34''' (9), p. 877-892.</ref> Spanish | ||
| * ] (Alhazen), founder of ], ], ] and ]<ref name=Khaleefa>Omar Khaleefa (Summer 1999). "Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?", ''American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences'' '''16''' (2).</ref> | * ] (Alhazen), founder of ], ], ] and ]<ref name=Khaleefa>Omar Khaleefa (Summer 1999). "Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?", ''American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences'' '''16''' (2).</ref> Arab | ||
| * ], pioneer of ]<ref>], '']'', "The Spirit of Muslim Culture"</ref> | * ], pioneer of ]<ref>], '']'', "The Spirit of Muslim Culture"</ref> Persian | ||
| * ] (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of ],<ref>S Safavi-Abbasi, LBC Brasiliense, RK Workman (2007), "The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire", ''Neurosurgical Focus'' '''23''' (1), E13, p. 3.</ref> ], ] and ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Nasr|first=Seyyed Hossein|authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr|author2=] |title=History of Islamic Philosophy|pages=315 & 1022–1023|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=0-415-13159-6}}</ref> | * ] (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of ],<ref>S Safavi-Abbasi, LBC Brasiliense, RK Workman (2007), "The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire", ''Neurosurgical Focus'' '''23''' (1), E13, p. 3.</ref> ], ] and ]<ref>{{cite book|last=Nasr|first=Seyyed Hossein|authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr|author2=] |title=History of Islamic Philosophy|pages=315 & 1022–1023|publisher=Routledge|year=1996|isbn=0-415-13159-6}}</ref> Persian | ||
| * ] (Avenzoar), pioneer of ] and ]<ref name=Martinez/> | * ] (Avenzoar), pioneer of ] and ]<ref name=Martinez/> Spanish | ||
| * ], pioneer of ]<ref name=Martinez/> | * ], pioneer of ]<ref name=Martinez/> Spanish | ||
| * ], pioneer of ] and ]<ref name=Russell>G. A. Russell (1994), ''The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-Century England'', pp. 224-262, ], ISBN 90-04-09459-8.</ref> | * ], pioneer of ] and ]<ref name=Russell>G. A. Russell (1994), ''The 'Arabick' Interest of the Natural Philosophers in Seventeenth-Century England'', pp. 224-262, ], ISBN 90-04-09459-8.</ref> Spanish | ||
| * ], a theorist,<ref name=LifespanMcGraw>Theories on Death and Dying, Lines-2,3, in Additional Lifespan Development Topics, page-4, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,Retrieved from http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078883601/680442/Additional_Lifespan_Development_Topics.pdf</ref> author and one of the few Muslim scientists<ref>Md Zakaria Siddique, Reviewing the Phenomenon of Death—A Scientific Effort from the Islamic World, page-1, Death Studies, 2009. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07481180802602824?journalCode=udst20#.Ux1bGKw-bBI</ref> in the field of ] research.<ref name=LifespanMcGraw>Additional Lifespan Development Topics, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., pages 4,5. Retrieved from http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078883601/680442/Additional_Lifespan_Development_Topics.pdf</ref><ref name=MeyersGoldenPeterson>Karen Meyers, Robert N. Golden, Fred Peterson. Infobase Publishing, 2009, 106 page. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=V-wan_XhkzcC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=Mohammad+Samir+Hossain</ref> | * ], a theorist,<ref name=LifespanMcGraw>Theories on Death and Dying, Lines-2,3, in Additional Lifespan Development Topics, page-4, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.,Retrieved from http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078883601/680442/Additional_Lifespan_Development_Topics.pdf</ref> author and one of the few Muslim scientists<ref>Md Zakaria Siddique, Reviewing the Phenomenon of Death—A Scientific Effort from the Islamic World, page-1, Death Studies, 2009. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07481180802602824?journalCode=udst20#.Ux1bGKw-bBI</ref> in the field of ] research.<ref name=LifespanMcGraw>Additional Lifespan Development Topics, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., pages 4,5. Retrieved from http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078883601/680442/Additional_Lifespan_Development_Topics.pdf</ref><ref name=MeyersGoldenPeterson>Karen Meyers, Robert N. Golden, Fred Peterson. Infobase Publishing, 2009, 106 page. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=V-wan_XhkzcC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=Mohammad+Samir+Hossain</ref> Bengali | ||
| == Chemists and alchemists == | == Chemists and alchemists == | ||
| {{Further|Alchemy (Islam)}} | {{Further|Alchemy (Islam)}} | ||
| * ] (died 704) (Calid) | * ] (died 704) (Calid) Arab | ||
| * ] (702 - 765) | * ] (702 - 765) Arab | ||
| * ] (721 - 815) (Geber), father of ]<ref>John Warren (2005). "War and the Cultural Heritage of Iraq: a sadly mismanaged affair", ''Third World Quarterly'', Volume 26, Issue 4 & 5, p. 815-830.</ref><ref>Dr. A. Zahoor (1997). . ].</ref><ref name="Vallely">Paul Vallely. , '']''</ref> | * ] (721 - 815) (Geber), father of ]<ref>John Warren (2005). "War and the Cultural Heritage of Iraq: a sadly mismanaged affair", ''Third World Quarterly'', Volume 26, Issue 4 & 5, p. 815-830.</ref><ref>Dr. A. Zahoor (1997). . ].</ref><ref name="Vallely">Paul Vallely. , '']''</ref> Persian | ||
| * ] (810 - 887) (Armen Firman) | * ] (810 - 887) (Armen Firman) Spanish | ||
| * ] (801-873) (Alkindus) | * ] (801-873) (Alkindus) Arab | ||
| * ] (1008 - 1007) | * ] (1008 - 1007) Spanish | ||
| * ] (932 - 1030) | * ] (932 - 1030) Persian | ||
| * ] (973 - 1048) | * ] (973 - 1048) Persian | ||
| * ] (980 - 1037) | * ] (980 - 1037) Persian | ||
| * ] (115 - 1130) | * ] (115 - 1130) Persian | ||
| * ] (1201 - 1274) | * ] (1201 - 1274) Persian | ||
| * ] (1332 - 1406) | * ] (1332 - 1406) Arab | ||
| * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1897 - 1994) | * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1897 - 1994) Pakistani | ||
| * ] (780 - 850), ], (]) | * ] (780 - 850), ], (]) Persian | ||
| * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1946 - ), ], 1999<ref>, ]</ref> | * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1946 - ), ], 1999<ref>, ]</ref> Egyptian | ||
| * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1933 - ) | * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1933 - ) Egyptian | ||
| * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1936 - ), Nuclear Scientist - Uranium Enrichment Technologist - Centrifuge Method Expert | * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1936 - ), Nuclear Scientist - Uranium Enrichment Technologist - Centrifuge Method Expert Pakistani | ||
| * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}}, leading scholar in the field of Natural Product Chemistry | * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}}, leading scholar in the field of Natural Product Chemistry Pakistani | ||
| * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1965 - ) Professor at the University of California, Berkeley | * ]{{Citation needed|date=August 2014}} (1965 - ) Professor at the University of California, Berkeley Arab | ||
| ==Economists and social scientists== | ==Economists and social scientists== | ||
| Line 98: | Line 98: | ||
| {{See also|List of Muslim historians|Historiography of early Islam}} | {{See also|List of Muslim historians|Historiography of early Islam}} | ||
| *] (699-767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar | *] (699-767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar Persian | ||
| *] (731-798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar | *] (731-798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar Arab | ||
| *] (d. 990), one of the earliest ]<ref>] (1950). "Al-Asturlabi and as-Samaw'al on Scientific Progress", ''Osiris'' '''9''', p. 555-564 .</ref> | *] (d. 990), one of the earliest ]<ref>] (1950). "Al-Asturlabi and as-Samaw'al on Scientific Progress", ''Osiris'' '''9''', p. 555-564 .</ref> Persian | ||
| *] (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist | *] (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist Persian | ||
| *] (973-1048), considered the "first ]"<ref name=Ahmed>Akbar S. Ahmed (1984). "Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist", ''RAIN'' '''60''', p. 9-10.</ref> and father of ]<ref name=Khan>Zafarul-Islam Khan, , ''The Milli Gazette''.</ref> | *] (973-1048), considered the "first ]"<ref name=Ahmed>Akbar S. Ahmed (1984). "Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist", ''RAIN'' '''60''', p. 9-10.</ref> and father of ]<ref name=Khan>Zafarul-Islam Khan, , ''The Milli Gazette''.</ref> Persian | ||
| *] (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist | *] (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist Persian | ||
| *] (b. 1030), economist | *] (b. 1030), economist Persian | ||
| *] (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist | *] (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist Persian | ||
| *] (1075–1158), economist | *] (1075–1158), economist | ||
| *] (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist | *] (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist | ||
Revision as of 19:12, 1 October 2014
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This is a list of Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to science and civilization.
Astronomers and astrophysicists
- Ali Qushji (Ali KUŞÇU 1403 - 1474) Persian
- Ibrahim al-Fazari (d. 777 CE) Persian
- Muhammad al-Fazari (died 796 or 806) Persian
- Al-Khwarizmi, mathematician (c. 780 – c. 850) Persian
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar) (787 - 886 CE) Persian
- Al-Farghani (mid-9th century) Persian
- Banū Mūsā (Ben ..Mousa) (9th century) Persian
- Al-Majriti (d. 1008 or 1007 CE) Spanish
- Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (c. 858 – 929) (Albatenius) Kurdish
- Al-Farabi (c. 872 – c. 950), (Abunaser) Persian
- Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (903 - 986) Persian
- Abu Sa'id Gorgani (9th century) Persian
- Kushyar ibn Labban (971 - 1029) Persian
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900 - 971) Persian
- Al-Mahani (9th century) Persian
- Al-Marwazi (9th century) Persian
- Al-Nayrizi (865 - 922) Persian
- Al-Saghani (4th century) Persian
- Al-Farghani (9th century) Persian
- Abu Nasr Mansur (970 - 1036) Persian
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (10th century) (Kuhi) Persian
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi (940 - 1000) Persian
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī (940 - 998) Persian
- Ibn Yunus (950 - 1009) Egyptian
- Ibn al-Haytham (965 - 140) (Alhacen) Arab
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973 - 1048) Persian
- Avicenna (980 - 1037) (Ibn Sīnā) Persian
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (1029-1087) (Arzachel) Spanish
- Omar Khayyám (1048 - 1131) Persian
- Al-Khazini (1115 - 1130) Greek
- Ibn Bajjah (1095 - 1138) (Avempace) Spanish
- Ibn Tufail (1105 - 1185) (Abubacer) Spanish
- Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (12th century - 1204) (Alpetragius) Spanish
- Averroes (1126 - 1198) Spanish
- Al-Jazari (1136 - 1206) Kurdish
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī (died 1213/4) Persian
- Anvari (1126-1189) Persian
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi (died 1266) Arab
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201 - 1274) Persian
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236 - 1311) Persian
- Ibn al-Shatir (1304 - 1375) Arab
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (1250 - 1310) Persian
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī (1380 - 1429) Persian
- Ulugh Beg (1394 - 1449), Moghol mathematician
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526 - 1585), Ottoman astronomer
- Ahmad Nahavandi (8th and 9th centuries) Persian
- Haly Abenragel (10th and 11th century) Arab
- Abolfadl Harawi (10th century) Persian
Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists
Further information: Islamic psychological thought- Ibn Sirin (654–728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation Arab
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy Arab
- Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology Persian
- Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health, medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine Persian
- Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studiesPersian
- Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas), pioneer of neuroanatomy, neurobiology and neurophysiology Persian
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery Spanish
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception Arab
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, pioneer of reaction time Persian
- Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of neuropsychiatry, thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness Persian
- Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology Spanish
- Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease Spanish
- Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture Spanish
- Mohammad Samir Hossain, a theorist, author and one of the few Muslim scientists in the field of Death anxiety (psychology) research. Bengali
Chemists and alchemists
Further information: Alchemy (Islam)- Khalid ibn Yazid (died 704) (Calid) Arab
- Jafar al-Sadiq (702 - 765) Arab
- Jābir ibn Hayyān (721 - 815) (Geber), father of chemistry Persian
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (810 - 887) (Armen Firman) Spanish
- Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus) Arab
- Al-Majriti (1008 - 1007) Spanish
- Ibn Miskawayh (932 - 1030) Persian
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973 - 1048) Persian
- Avicenna (980 - 1037) Persian
- Al-Khazini (115 - 1130) Persian
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201 - 1274) Persian
- Ibn Khaldun (1332 - 1406) Arab
- Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (1897 - 1994) Pakistani
- Al-Khwārizmī (780 - 850), Algebra, (Mathematics) Persian
- Ahmed H. Zewail (1946 - ), Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1999 Egyptian
- Mostafa El-Sayed (1933 - ) Egyptian
- Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936 - ), Nuclear Scientist - Uranium Enrichment Technologist - Centrifuge Method Expert Pakistani
- Atta ur Rahman, leading scholar in the field of Natural Product Chemistry Pakistani
- Omar M. Yaghi (1965 - ) Professor at the University of California, Berkeley Arab
Economists and social scientists
Further information: Islamic economics in the world See also: List of Muslim historians and Historiography of early Islam- Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699-767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar Persian
- Abu Yusuf (731-798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar Arab
- Al-Saghani (d. 990), one of the earliest historians of science Persian
- Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist Persian
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048), considered the "first anthropologist" and father of Indology Persian
- Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist Persian
- Ibn Miskawayh (b. 1030), economist Persian
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist Persian
- Al-Mawardi (1075–1158), economist
- Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist
- Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), sociologist
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), economist
- Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), forerunner of social sciences such as demography, cultural history, historiography, philosophy of history, sociology and economics
- Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), economist
- Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani social scientist; pioneer of microcredit
- Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Prize winner Bangladeshi economist; pioneer of microfinance
- Shah Abdul Hannan, Pioneer of Islamic Banking in South Asia
- Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistani economist; developer of Human Development Index and founder of Human Development Report
Geographers and earth scientists
Further information: Muslim Agricultural Revolution- Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography
- Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science
- Ibn Al-Jazzar
- Al-Tamimi
- Al-Masihi
- Ali ibn Ridwan
- Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
- Ahmad ibn Fadlan
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy, considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist"
- Avicenna
- Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
- Averroes
- Ibn al-Nafis
- Ibn Jubayr
- Ibn Battuta
- Ibn Khaldun
- Piri Reis
- Evliya Çelebi
Mathematicians
- Further information: Islamic mathematics: Biographies
- Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda 1926 Tokyo - 2003 Ankara
- Cahit Arf 1910 Selanik (Thessaloniki) - 1997 Istanbul, Turkey
- Ali Qushji Ali KUŞÇU
- Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar
- Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
- Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (Algorismi) - father of algebra and algorithms
- 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk
- Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī (1412–1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra
- Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam
- Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
- Al-Khwarizmi
- Al-Mahani
- Ahmed ibn Yusuf
- Al-Majriti
- Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
- Al-Khalili
- Al-Nayrizi
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
- Brethren of Purity
- Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
- Al-Saghani
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
- Ibn Sahl
- Al-Sijzi
- Ibn Yunus
- Abu Nasr Mansur
- Kushyar ibn Labban
- Al-Karaji
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
- Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
- Al-Nasawi
- Al-Jayyani
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)
- Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
- Omar Khayyám
- Al-Khazini
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
- Al-Marrakushi
- Al-Samawal
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
- Ibn Seena (Avicenna)
- Hunayn ibn Ishaq
- Ibn al-Banna'
- Ibn al-Shatir
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
- Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
- Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, 13th century Persian mathematician and philosopher
- Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
- Ulugh Beg
- Cumrun Vafa
Physicians and surgeons
Main article: Muslim doctorsPhysicists and engineers
Further information: Islamic physics- Mimar Sinan, (1489/1588 Also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ)
- Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
- Al-Saghani, 10th century
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century
- Ibn Sahl, 10th century
- Ibn Yunus, 10th century
- Al-Karaji, 10th century
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqi scientist, father of optics, pioneer of scientific method and experimental physics, considered the "first scientist"
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics
- Ibn Sīnā/Seena (Avicenna), 11th century
- Al-Khazini, 12th century
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
- Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century
- Ibn Rushd/Rooshd (Averroes), 12th century Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
- Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer, father of robotics,
- Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century
- Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, 16th century
- Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, 17th century
- Lagari Hasan Çelebi, 17th century
- Sake Dean Mahomet, 18th century
- Abdus Salam, 20th century Pakistani physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in 1979
- Fazlur Khan, 20th century Bangladeshi mechanician
- Mahmoud Hessaby, 20th century Iranian physicist
- Ali Javan, 20th century Iranian physicist
- Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 20th century Indonesian aerospace engineer and president
- Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer and nuclear scientist
- Mehran Kardar, Iranian theoretical physicist
- Munir Nayfeh Palestinian-American particle physicist
- Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani metallurgist and nuclear scientist
- Riazuddin, Pakistani theoretical physicist
- Samar Mubarakmand, Pakistani nuclear scientist known for his research in gamma spectroscopy and experimental development of the linear accelerator
- Shahid Hussain Bokhari, Pakistani researcher in the field of parallel and distributed computing
- Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood, Pakistani nuclear engineer and nuclear physicist
- Ali Musharafa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Munir Ahmad Khan, Father of Pakistan's nuclear program
- Kerim Kerimov, a founder of Soviet space program, a lead architect behind first human spaceflight (Vostok 1), and the lead architect of the first space stations (Salyut and Mir)
- Farouk El-Baz, a NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program
Political scientists
- Taqiuddin_al-Nabhani
- Syed Qutb
- Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr
- Abul Ala Maududi
- Hasan al-Turabi
- Hassan al-Banna
- Mohamed Hassanein Heikal
- M. A. Muqtedar Khan
- Rashid al-Ghannushi
- Ṣalāḥ ad-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb
- Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
Other scientists and inventors
References
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