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Template:Infobox French region

Île-de-France (French pronunciation: [ildəfʁɑ̃s] ) (literally "Island of France"; see the Etymology section) is the wealthiest and most populated of the twenty-seven administrative regions of France. Created as the "District of the Paris Region" in 1961, it was renamed after the historic province of Île-de-France in 1976 when its administrative status was aligned with the other French administrative regions created in 1972. Despite the name change, Île-de-France is still popularly referred to by French people as the Région Parisienne ("Paris Region" in English) or RP. It is almost completely covered by the Paris metropolitan area. The region is made up of eight administrative departments: Paris, Essonne, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, Seine-et-Marne, Val-de-Marne, Val-d'Oise and Yvelines.

With 12 million inhabitants, increasingly referred to as "Franciliens", an administrative word created in the 1980s, Île-de-France is not only the most populated region of France, but also has more residents than Austria, Belgium, Finland, Greece, Portugal, Norway, or Sweden, with a population comparable to that of the U.S. state of Ohio or to that of the Canadian province of Ontario. It is the fourth most populous country subdivision in the European Union, after England, North Rhine-Westphalia, and Bavaria.

Economically, Île-de-France is the world's fourth-largest and Europe's wealthiest and largest regional economy: in 2012, its total GDP as calculated by INSEE was €612 billion (US$788 billion at market exchange rates). If it were a country, it would rank as the eighteenth-largest economy in the world, larger than the Dutch economy and nearly the same size as the Turkish economy. Île-de-France is also the world's second most important location for Fortune Global 500 companies' headquarters (after the Kantō region).

Etymology

Although the modern name "Île-de-France" clearly means "Island of France", the etymology is in fact unclear. The "island" may refer to the land between the rivers Oise, Marne and Seine, or it may also have been a reference to the Île de la Cité, in which case "Island of France" was originally a pars pro toto or perhaps a metonym.

Yet another possibility is that the term is a corruption of a hypothesized Frankish language term "Liddle Franke" meaning "Little France" or "little Frankish land", so the modern reference to an "island" may be coincidental. However, this theory might be anachronistic, since the name "L'Île-de-France" (including the definite article) is not documented prior to 1387.

History

The province, also known as Isle of France (as it was once written, as sometimes in English, especially in old publications), is a historical province of France, and the one at the centre of power during most of French history. The historical province is centred on Paris, the seat of the Crown of France, but it corresponds to the present-day région Île-de-France. The area around Paris was the original personal domain of the king of France, as opposed to areas ruled by feudal lords of whom he was the suzerain. This is reflected by divisions such as the Véxin Français and the Véxin Normand, the former being within the King of France's domain, the latter being within the Duke of Normandy's fief.

The old provinces were abolished during the French Revolution in the late 18th century. The region was reconstituted in 1976 and increased administrative and political powers devolved in the process of regionalisation in the 1980s and 1990s.

Geography

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2008)

Île-de-France has a land area of 12,011 km (4,637 sq mi). It is composed of eight departments centered around its innermost department and capital, Paris. Around the department of Paris, urbanization fills a first concentric ring of three departments commonly known as the petite couronne ("small ring"), and extends into a second outer ring of four departments known as the grande couronne ("large ring"). The former department of Seine, abolished in 1968, included the city proper and parts of the petite couronne.

The petite couronne consists of the departments of Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis, and Val-de-Marne, and the grande couronne of those of Seine-et-Marne, Yvelines, Essonne, and Val-d'Oise.

The river Seine also runs through the region. The Seine has many tributaries which include the rivers Oise and Aube. The river Seine has its mouth in the English channel and has its source in the 'Massif central'. It is France's second largest river after the Loire. The region is in an area of lowland called the Paris basin. South of the region lie the Massif-central, an area of highlands that are higher than normal, but far lower than the Alps.

The climate of the region is quite similar to those of England and western Germany, except that it has warmer summers and milder winters than England, and receives less rain than England does.

Economy

The GDP of the Île-de-France is the largest of NUTS-1 Regions in the European Union and is third per Capita after Luxembourg and Brussels. Paris with 100 inhabitants with a GDP per Capita of €75,000.

Politics

The Regional Council is the legislative body of the region. Its seat is in Paris, at 33 rue Barbet-de-Jouy in the 7th arrondissement. Since 1998, it is presided by the Socialist Jean-Paul Huchon.

Holders of the executive office

• Delegates General for the District of the Paris Region
  • 1961–1969: Paul Delouvrier (civil servant) – Very influential term. Responsible for the creation of the RER express subway network in the Île-de-France and beyond.
  • 1969–1975: Maurice Doublet (civil servant)
  • 1975–1976: Lucien Lanier (civil servant)
• Presidents of the Regional Council of Île-de-France
  • 1976–1988: Michel Giraud (RPR politician) – (1st time)
  • 1988–1992: Pierre-Charles Krieg (RPR politician)
  • 1992–1998: Michel Giraud (RPR politician) – (2nd time)
  • since 1998: Jean-Paul Huchon (PS politician)

Demographics

Paris's demographic development, represented by the Paris Metropolitan Area, fills most of the Île-de-France: its central built-up area, or pôle urbain ("urban cluster") extends beyond the Île-de-France's inner three petite couronne departments, and this is surrounded by a commuter belt "rim" that extends beyond the Region's four outer grande couronne departments in places.

Departments of Île-de-France and their populations (INSEE 2011 census)

concentric area	department	population (Jan. 2011 estimate)	area	population density	annual pop. growth 2006–2011
the centre	Paris (75)	2,249,975	105 km²	21,428/km²	+0.62%
the inner ring (petite couronne)	Hauts-de-Seine (92)	1,581,628	176 km²	8,987/km²	+0.59%
	Seine-Saint-Denis (93)	1,529,928	236 km²	6,483/km²	+0.50%
	Val-de-Marne (94)	1,333,702	245 km²	5,444/km²	+0.54%
subtotal for the inner ring		4,445,258	657 km²	6,766/km²	+0.54%
the outer ring (grande couronne)	Seine-et-Marne (77)	1,338,427	5,915 km²	226/km²	+1.00%
	Yvelines (78)	1,413,635	2,284 km²	619/km²	+0.25%
	Essonne (91)	1,225,191	1,804 km²	679/km²	+0.45%
	Val-d'Oise (95)	1,180,365	1,246 km²	947/km²	+0.40%
subtotal for the outer ring		5,157,618	11,249 km²	458/km²	+0.52%
Total		11,852,851	12,011 km²	987/km²	+0.55%

Petite Couronne

The Petite Couronne (Little Crown, i.e. Inner Ring) is the hub of the urban agglomeration of Paris. It is formed by the 3 departments of Île-de-France bordering with the French capital and forming a geographical crown around it. The departments, until 1968 part of the disbanded Seine department, are Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne. The most populated towns of the Petite Couronne are Boulogne-Billancourt, Montreuil, Saint-Denis, Nanterre and Créteil.

The table below shows some statistical information about the area including Paris:

Grande Couronne

The Grande Couronne (Greater Crown, i.e. Outer Ring) includes the towns of the metropolitan area part of the other 4 departments of Île-de-France not bordering with Paris. They are Seine-et-Marne (77), Yvelines (78), Essonne (91) and Val-d'Oise (95). The latter three departments formed the Seine-et-Oise department until this was disbanded in 1968. The city of Versailles is part of this area.

Historical population

Immigration

2019 Census Paris Region
(Île-de-France)
Country/territory of birth Population Metropolitan France 9,215,134 Algeria 330,935 Morocco 253,518 Portugal 234,399 Tunisia 127,827 Guadeloupe 81,269 Martinique 75,959 China 71,500 Turkey 67,982 Mali 66,085 Côte d'Ivoire 63,810 Senegal 60,124 Italy 58,141 Romania 53,848 Democratic Republic of Congo 52,449 Spain 45,828 Sri Lanka 45,786 Cameroon 45,370
Other countries/territories Republic of the Congo 38,651 Haiti 36,685 Poland 35,871 Vietnam 35,251 Cambodia 30,321   Réunion 30,077 India 29,623 Serbia 25,632 Lebanon 21,066 Madagascar 21,002 Germany 20,523 Pakistan 20,178 Russia 19,019 Mauritius 18,840 Guinea 18,709 Brazil 17,887 United Kingdom 17,789 United States 17,583 Other countries and territories 857,720

Paris and the Île-de-France region is a magnet for immigrants, hosting one of the largest concentrations of immigrants in Europe. As of 2006, about 35% of people (4 million) living in the region were either immigrant (17%) or born to at least one immigrant parent (18%).

At the 2010 census, 23.0% of the total population in the Île-de-France region were born outside of Metropolitan France, up from 19.7% at the 1999 census.

International relations

Twin regions

Île-de-France is twinned with:

• Comunidad de Madrid in Spain (since 2000)
• Yerevan in Armenia (since 2011)

Notes and references

1. "English verion of the regional council's Economic Development Agency website". Retrieved 22 March 2014.
2. "English verion of the regional tourist office website". Retrieved 22 March 2014.
3. Cite error: The named reference pop was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
4. Cite error: The named reference GDP was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
5. World Bank. "Gross domestic product 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 4 March 2014.
6. Global 500 by Country Fortune
7. The flag is the France Moderne coat of arms (a simplified version of the France Ancien reduced the number of fleurs-de-lis to three), emblem of the French Monarchy, symbole of Île-de-France's prominence
8. Template:Fr icon Paris Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Contribution des CCI de Paris – Île-de-France à la révision du SDRIF, page 110. "TEM Paris – La Défense – QCA" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2007. Retrieved 1 September 2007.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
9. Template:Fr GDP per capita of french departments in 2005 ranks second in Europe after
10. INSEE - Definitions and Methods - Pôle Urbain
11. INSEE - Definitions and Methods - Couronne
12. ^ Template:Fr icon INSEE. "Estimation de population au 1er janvier, par département, sexe et grande classe d'âge – Année 2011". Retrieved 20 February 2014.
13. Template:Fr icon CIG "Petite Couronne" website (Centre Interdépartemental de Gestion)
14. Template:Fr icon CIG "Grande Couronne" website (Centre Interdépartemental de Gestion)
15. INSEE. "Individus localisés à la région en 2019 - Recensement de la population - Fichiers détail" (in French). Retrieved 15 February 2023.
16. INSEE. "IMG1B - Population immigrée par sexe, âge et pays de naissance en 2019 - Région d'Île-de-France (11)" (in French). Retrieved 15 February 2023.
17. Les descendants d'immigrés vivant en Île-de-France, IAU Idf, Note rapide Société, n° 531
18. Template:Fr icon "Fichier Données harmonisées des recensements de la population de 1968 à 2010". INSEE. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
19. "Yerevan - Partner Cities". Yerevan Municipality Official Website. © 2005—2013 www.yerevan.am. Retrieved 4 November 2013.

External links

• Econovista, The interactive economic map of Paris Region
• Regional Council of Île-de-France Template:Fr icon
• Template:Dmoz

v t e Historical provinces of France
General governments	Alsace Angoumois Anjou Artois Aunis Auvergne Béarn Berry Bourbonnais Brittany Burgundy Champagne Corsica Dauphiné Flanders Foix Franche-Comté Gascony Guyenne Hainaut Île-de-France Languedoc Limousin Lorraine and Barrois Lyonnais Maine Marche Lower Navarre Nivernais Normandy Orléanais Perche Picardy Poitou Provence Roussillon Saintonge Touraine Trois-Évêchés
Minor provinces and regions	Agenais Armagnac Beaujolais Bigorre Bresse Bugey Cambrésis Cévennes Comminges Couserans Dombes Forez Gâtinais Gévaudan Gex Labourd Nébouzan Périgord Ponthieu Quercy Rouergue Soule Valromey Velay Vermandois Vivarais
Foreign territories in 1789	Créhange Dabo Menton and Roquebrune Montbéliard Mulhouse Nice Salm-Salm Sarrewerden Savoy Tende [fr] Comtat Venaissin

48°30′N 2°30′E / 48.500°N 2.500°E / 48.500; 2.500

• Use dmy dates from July 2013
• Île-de-France
• Regions of France
• NUTS 1 statistical regions of the European Union
• NUTS 2 statistical regions of the European Union