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Revision as of 17:13, 5 October 2004
The Ilinden Uprising (Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising) of August 1903 was an organised revolt of the Bulgarians living in Macedonia against the Ottoman Empire prepared by the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation (IMARO).
The uprising took place in the Bitola vilayet and the northeastern part of Adrianople vilayet. The rebellion in the Bitola vilayet was proclaimed on August 2, 1903, St. Elijah's Day (Ilinden in Bulgarian), almost two weeks ahead of schedule. The Adrianople vilayet joined the uprising on August 19, 1903, Lord’s Transfiguration Day (Preobrazhenie in Bulgarian).
The rebellion in Macedonia affected most of the central and southwestern parts of the Bitola Vilayet receiving the support of the peasant Bulgarian and Vlach population of the region. Provisional governments were established in four localities, all of them Vlach mountain villages in the southwestern part of the Bitola Vilayet, as well as in Kruševo (near Prilep) where the so called 'Krushevo Republic' under the presidency of Bulgarian school teacher Nikola Karev was proclaimed.
The rebellion in the Adrianople Vilayet led to the liberation of a vast area in Mount Strandzha and to the creation of a provisional government in Tsarevo (Vasiliko). Though the rebellion in both regions initially was successful, the intervention of Turkish regular army led to the dissolution of the rebels' detachments. The suppression of the uprising entailed some 5,000 victims and over 30,000 refugees to neighbouring Bulgaria.
By the time the rebellion had started, many of its most promising potential leaders, including Goce Delčev, had already been killed in skirmishes with the Ottomans, and the effort was quashed within eleven days. The survivors managed to maintain a semi-successful guerilla campaign against the Turks for the next few years, but its greater effect was that it persuaded the European powers to attempt to convince the Ottoman sultan that he must take a more concilliatory note toward his Christian subjects in Europe.
This led to the Murzsteg Program, by which the various powers appointed observers in Macedonia. Though little came of this, in was a motivating factor in the ensuing Balkan Wars, which brought Macedonia under Serbian, and later Yugoslav control.
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