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'''Sidney John Alexander Churchill''' {{post-nominals|MVO}} (1862{{ndash}}1921) {{mdash}}referred to as '''Sidney J. A. Churchill'''{{mdash}} was a British diplomat, art connoisseur, and author.<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /> '''Sidney John Alexander Churchill''' {{post-nominals|MVO}} (1862{{snd}}11 January 1921){{snd}}often referred to as '''Sidney J. A. Churchill'''{{snd}}was a British diplomat, art connoisseur and author.<ref name="Obituary in The Times" />


==Early life == == Life ==
Sidney was the son of ] (1828–1886) who was an archaeologist and British diplomat. Two of his brothers, ] (1860–1924) and ] (1865–1947), were also diplomats. He was the son of ] (1828{{ndash}}86), who was an archaeologist and British diplomat. Two of Sidney's brothers, ] (1860{{ndash}}1924) and ] (1865{{ndash}}1947), were also diplomats.


He married Stella Myers, who qualified as a doctor at ] and went on to become a writer and lecturer on health questions, a strong supporter of the ], and was also a local councillor in S.E. Southwark.<ref></ref> He married Stella Myers, who qualified as a doctor at ], and went on to become a writer and lecturer on health questions, a strong supporter of the ]. She was also a local councillor who represented South East ] on the ].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.levantineheritage.com/news.htm#1 |title=Obituary of Dr Stella Churchill |newspaper=The Times |date=20 September 1954 }}</ref>


They had a son, George (1910 – ?), and a daughter, Ruth (1912–1988) an architect who studied church architecture in pre-war ] and then travelled extensively in ] and documented her 20-year research in the local churches in ''Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia''.<ref> </ref> They had a son, George (born 1910), and a daughter, Ruth (1912{{ndash}}88). She was an architect who studied church architecture in pre-war ] and then travelled extensively in ]. She documented her 20-year research in the local churches in ''Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia''.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7890426 |title=Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia |first=Ruth |last=Plant |publisher=Ravens Educational and Development Services |year=1985 |isbn=978-0947895006 }}</ref>


In 1880, at the age of 18, he joined the Persian Telegraph Department of the ], where he gained an extensive knowledge of the Persian language and of Persia (modern-day ]).<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /> He then served as British ] in Persia (1886{{ndash}}94), and was in attendance on the ] of Persia ] during his visit to England in 1889,<ref name=IBD>{{cite wikisource |wslink=Page:The_Indian_Biographical_Dictionary.djvu/132 |title=Indian Biographical Dictionary |startpage=92 |date=1915 }}</ref> then Consul in ] and ] (1894),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26527 |startpage=3734 |date=2 June 1894 }}</ref> ] (1898{{ndash}}1909),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26982 |startpage=3917 |date=10 May 1898 }}</ref> and ] (1909{{ndash}}12),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28229 |startpage=1657 |date=1 February 1909 }}</ref> then Consul-General in Naples (1912{{ndash}}18),<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=28588 |startpage=1745 |date=8 March 1912 }}</ref> and ] (1918{{ndash}}21).<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30544 |startpage=2483 |date=26 February 1918}}</ref> In 1901, he was entrusted with the last message from ] to ].<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /><ref name=" Levantine Testimony">{{cite web |url=http://www.levantineheritage.com/testi58.htm |title=Levantine Heritage }}</ref> He died aged 59 on 11 January 1921, in Paris on his way to England.<ref name="Obituary in The Times" />
== Career ==
In 1880 at the age of 18 he entered service of Government of India in the Persian Telegraph Dept where he gained extensive knowledge of the Persian language and of Persia;<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /> he then served as British Consul in ] (1886–1894) and was in attendance on the Shah of Persia ] during his visit to England in 1889,<ref name="The Indian Biographical Dictionary ">]</ref> then Consul in ] and ] (1894),<ref name=" The London Gazette - 2 June 1894 "></ref> ] (1898–1909),<ref name="The London Gazette - 10 May 1898"></ref> and ] (1909–1912)<ref name=" The London Gazette - 1 February 1909 "></ref> then Consul-General in Naples (1912–1918),<ref name=" The London Gazette - 1 January 1918"></ref> and ] 1918<ref name=" The London Gazette - 28 January 1918 "></ref> and died in office aged 59.<ref name="Obituary in The Times" />


== Artistic interests ==
In 1901 he was entrusted with the last message from ] to the ].<ref name="Obituary in The Times" /><ref name=" Levantine Testimony"></ref>
⚫ He was a collector of ] and ] manuscripts, and of jewels, bronzes, pictures and other antiques while in Persia and Italy.<ref name="Obituary in The Times">{{cite news |url=http://levantineheritage.com/news.htm#1 |newspaper=The Times |date=4 February 1921 |title=Obituary of Mr Sidney Churchill }}</ref><ref name=IBD/><ref name="Levantine Testimony"/> After his death his extensive personal collections were auctioned at Sotheby's, who advertised ''The extensive and interestesting {{sic}} collection of continental & Near Eastern works of art, textiles & embroideries, Italian and Sicilian objects of vertu, knives, forks, spoons, silver and enamels and the valuable and well-known collection of peasant jewellery, the property of the late Sidney J. A. Churchill, Esq.''<ref>{{cite book
|url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/catalogue-of-the-extensive-and-interestesting-collection-of-continental-near-eastern-works-of-art-textiles-embroideries-italian-and-sicilian-objects-of-vertu-knives-forks-spoons-silver-and-enamels-and-the-valuable-and-well-known-collection-of-peasant-jewellery-the-property-of-the-late-sidney-ja-churchill-esq-sold-by-order-of-mrs-stella-churchill-which-will-be-sold-by-auction-by-messrs-sotheby-co-thursday-the-1st-of-november-1934/oclc/010131982 |title=Catalogue of the extensive and interestesting collection ... of the late Sidney J.A. Churchill, esq |year=1934
|publisher=] |location=London }}</ref>


⚫ From 1880{{ndash}}94, he collected Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Hebrew manuscripts for the ] (Vol. IV of their Persian Catalogue of Manuscripts is almost entirely devoted to the 'Churchill Manuscripts'); collected art objects in Persia for the ] under Gen. Sir R. M. Smith, RE, KCMG, and also researched the history of gold and silver work in Italy, especially the ].<ref name=IBD />
==Other Interests ==
⚫ He was a collector of ] and ] manuscripts, and jewels, bronzes, pictures, and other antiques while in Persia and Italy.<ref name="Obituary in The Times"></ref><ref name="The Indian Biographical Dictionary" /><ref name="Levantine Testimony"/> After his death his extensive personal collections were auctioned at Sotheby's, who listed: ''The extensive and interestesting collection of continental & Near Eastern works of art, textiles & embroideries, Italian and Sicilian objects of vertu, knives, forks, spoons, silver and enamels and the valuable and well-known collection of peasant jewellery, the property of the late Sidney J.A. Churchill, esq''.<ref></ref>


⚫ He wrote many books, particularly on Italian goldsmiths, in both English and Italian. He also had letters relating to artistic matters published in '']''.
⚫ From 1880–94 he collected Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Hebrew manuscripts for the British Museum (Vol. iv. of their Persian Catalogue of Manuscripts is almost entirely devoted to the Churchill manuscripts); collected art objects in Persia for the ] under Gen. Sir R. M. Smith, R.E., K.C.M.G., and also researched the history of gold and silver work in Italy, especially the ].<ref name="The Indian Biographical Dictionary" />


== Selected works ==
⚫ He wrote many books, particularly on Italian goldsmiths, in both English and Italian, one of them co-authored by goldsmith and artist ].
* {{cite book |title=Oriental Carpets |last1=Clarke |first1=Caspar Purdon |authorlink1=Caspar Purdon Clarke |last2=Stoeckel |first2=J. M. |last3=Bode |first3=Wilhelm von |authorlink3=Wilhelm von Bode |last4=Robinson |first4=Vincent Joseph |last5=Gerspach |first5=E. |last6=Churchill |first6=Sidney J. A. |last7=Birdwood |first7=George C. M. |authorlink7=George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood |last8=Riegl |first8=Alois |authorlink8=Alois Riegl |last9=Scala |first9=Arthur von |publisher=KuK Österreichisches Handelsmuseum |location=Vienna |year=1892 }}<ref name=worldcat />

* {{cite book |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |title=Bibliografia Celliniana |language=Italian |publisher=] |location=] |year=1907 }}<ref name=worldcat>{{cite |url=http://www.worldcat.org/wcidentities/lccn-n79-22218 |website=worldcat.org |title=Churchill, Sidney John Alexander 1862{{ndash}}1921 }}</ref> A bibliography of ].
== Bibliography==
* {{cite journal |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |title=The Goldsmiths of Rome Under the Papal Authority; Their Statutes Hitherto Discovered, and a Bibliography |journal=Papers of the ] |year=1907 |volume=4 |pages=162{{ndash}}226 |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=8444992&fileId=S0068246200005122 |format=PDF }}<ref name=worldcat />
*''Bibliografia Celliniana'' (Language: Italian) Olschki, Firenze, 1907.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill"></ref>
* {{cite book |last=Cellini |first=Benvenuto |editor-last1=Cust |editor-first1=Robert Henry Hobart |editor-last2=Churchill |editor-first2=Sidney J. A. |title=The Life of Benvenuto Cellini |publisher=] |location=London |year=1910 }}<ref name=worldcat />

* {{cite book |title=Bibliografia Vasariana |language=Italian |last1=Churchill |first1=Sidney J. A. |location=Firenze |year=1912 |url=https://archive.org/details/bibliografiavasa00chur |website=archive.org |accessdate=11 January 2015 }}<ref name=worldcat /> A bibliography of ].
*''The goldsmiths of Rome under the Papal Authority; their statues hitherto discovered, and a bibliography'' London 1907.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />
* {{cite book |title=Peasant Art in Italy |last1=Holme |first1=Charles |authorlink1=Charles Holme |last2=Churchill |first2=Sidney J. A. |last3=Balzano |first3=Vicenzo |last4=Ricci |first4=Elisa |publisher=], Ltd |location=London, Paris, New York |year=1913 |url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924020575407 |website=archive.org |accessdate=11 January 2015 }}<ref name=worldcat />

* {{cite book |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A.|title=], orafo abruzzese del secolo XIV-XV |language=Italian |location=] |year=1919 }}<ref name=worldcat />
*''The life of Benvenuto Cellini'' G. Bell and Sons, London 1910.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />
* {{cite book |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |title=Nicola di Guardiagrele, orefice abruzzese. Notizie con una bibliografia |language=Italian |location=] |year=1924 }}<ref name=worldcat />

* {{cite book |title=The Goldsmiths of Italy |last1=Churchill |first1=Sidney J. A. |last2=Bunt |first2=Cyril G. E. |publisher=Martin Hopkinson |location=London |year=1926 }}
*''Cellini collection''<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />
* {{cite web |url=http://primo.getty.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=GRI&afterPDS=true&institution=01GRI&docId=GETTY_ALMA21119447110001551 |website=getty.edu |title=Sidney John Alexander Churchill collection of broadsides, 1608{{ndash}}1797, Italy |accessdate=11 January 2015 }} In the collection of the ].<ref>{{cite web

|url=http://primo.getty.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vl%28freeText0%29=Churchill%2c+Sidney+John+Alexander%2c+1862-1921.&vl%2821781791UI0%29=creator&vl%2865062710UI1%29=all_items&vl%281UIStartWith0%29=exact&fn=search&tab=all_gri&mode=Basic&vid=GRI&scp.scps=scope%3a%28GETTY_ROSETTA%29%2cscope%3a%28GETTY_ALMA%29 |title=Churchill, Sidney John Alexander, 1862{{ndash}}1921 |accessdate=11 January 2015 }}</ref>
*''Bibliografia Vasariana'' (Language: Italian) Firenze 1912.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />
* {{cite web |last=Churchill |first=Sidney J. A. |url=http://primo.getty.edu/primo_library/libweb/action/dlDisplay.do?vid=GRI&afterPDS=true&institution=01GRI&docId=GETTY_ALMA21119562700001551 |title=Bibliografia Vasariana and Related Papers, {{ca.}}1910{{ndash}}15 |website=getty.edu |accessdate=11 January 2015 }} In the collection of the Getty Research Institute.

*''Peasant Art in Italy'' Sidney John Alexander Churchill, Vincenzo Balzano, and Elisa Ricci; The Studio Ltd. London and New York 1913.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''Nicola da Guardiagrele, orafo abruzzese del secolo XIV-XV ...'' (Language: Italian) Empoli 1919.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''Nicola di Guardiagrele, orefice abruzzese. Notizie con una bibliografia'' (Language: Italian) Roma, 1924.<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''Oriental carpets''. Published by the Imperial and Royal Austrian commercial museum, Vienna 1892–<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*''The goldsmiths of Italy Some accounts of their guilds, statutes, and work.'' Compiled from the published papers, notes, and other material collected by the late S. J. A. Churchill ... by Cyril G. E. Bunt (1926).<ref name="List of Publications by Sidney John Alexander Churchill" />

*Papers, prints and drawings acquired or generated by Churchill for his study of Italian decorative arts.<ref name="SJAC papers"></ref>

*''Collection of broadsides, 1608–1797'', Italy.<ref name="SJAC papers" />

*''Bibliografia Vasariana and related papers, ca. 1910–1915.'<ref name="SJAC papers" />

*''The present condition of the Persian Carpet Industry. The Great Oriental Carpet Book'', published by the Austrian Ministry of Commerce and Public Instruction.<ref name="The Indian Biographical Dictionary "/>


==References== ==References==
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| NAME = Churchill, Sidney J. A. | NAME = Churchill, Sidney J. A.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British art historian | SHORT DESCRIPTION = British diplomat and art historian
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1862 | DATE OF BIRTH = 1862
| PLACE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 1921 | DATE OF DEATH = 11 January 1921
| PLACE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = Paris
}} }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Churchill, Sidney J. A.}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Churchill, Sidney J. A.}}
] ]
]
]
] ]
] ]

Revision as of 22:57, 11 January 2015

Sidney John Alexander Churchill MVO (1862 – 11 January 1921) – often referred to as Sidney J. A. Churchill – was a British diplomat, art connoisseur and author.

Life

He was the son of Henry Adrian Churchill (1828–86), who was an archaeologist and British diplomat. Two of Sidney's brothers, Harry Lionel (1860–1924) and William Algernon (1865–1947), were also diplomats.

He married Stella Myers, who qualified as a doctor at Girton College, Cambridge, and went on to become a writer and lecturer on health questions, a strong supporter of the Save the Children Fund. She was also a local councillor who represented South East Southwark on the London County Council.

They had a son, George (born 1910), and a daughter, Ruth (1912–88). She was an architect who studied church architecture in pre-war Romania and then travelled extensively in Ethiopia. She documented her 20-year research in the local churches in Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia.

In 1880, at the age of 18, he joined the Persian Telegraph Department of the Indian Civil Service, where he gained an extensive knowledge of the Persian language and of Persia (modern-day Iran). He then served as British Consul in Persia (1886–94), and was in attendance on the Shah of Persia Naser ed-Din Shah during his visit to England in 1889, then Consul in Surinam and French Guiana (1894), Palermo (1898–1909), and Naples (1909–12), then Consul-General in Naples (1912–18), and Lisbon (1918–21). In 1901, he was entrusted with the last message from Queen Victoria to Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans. He died aged 59 on 11 January 1921, in Paris on his way to England.

Artistic interests

He was a collector of Renaissance and Oriental manuscripts, and of jewels, bronzes, pictures and other antiques while in Persia and Italy. After his death his extensive personal collections were auctioned at Sotheby's, who advertised The extensive and interestesting [sic] collection of continental & Near Eastern works of art, textiles & embroideries, Italian and Sicilian objects of vertu, knives, forks, spoons, silver and enamels and the valuable and well-known collection of peasant jewellery, the property of the late Sidney J. A. Churchill, Esq.

From 1880–94, he collected Persian, Arabic, Turkish and Hebrew manuscripts for the British Museum (Vol. IV of their Persian Catalogue of Manuscripts is almost entirely devoted to the 'Churchill Manuscripts'); collected art objects in Persia for the Victoria and Albert Museum under Gen. Sir R. M. Smith, RE, KCMG, and also researched the history of gold and silver work in Italy, especially the Two Sicilies.

He wrote many books, particularly on Italian goldsmiths, in both English and Italian. He also had letters relating to artistic matters published in The Burlington Magazine.

Selected works

References

  1. ^ "Obituary of Mr Sidney Churchill". The Times. 4 February 1921.
  2. "Obituary of Dr Stella Churchill". The Times. 20 September 1954.
  3. Plant, Ruth (1985). Architecture of the Tigre, Ethiopia. Ravens Educational and Development Services. ISBN 978-0947895006.
  4. ^ Indian Biographical Dictionary . 1915 – via Wikisource. {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |startpage= ignored (help)
  5. "No. 26527". The London Gazette. 2 June 1894.
  6. "No. 26982". The London Gazette. 10 May 1898.
  7. "No. 28229". The London Gazette. 1 February 1909.
  8. "No. 28588". The London Gazette. 8 March 1912.
  9. "No. 30544". The London Gazette. 26 February 1918.
  10. ^ "Levantine Heritage".
  11. Catalogue of the extensive and interestesting [sic] collection ... of the late Sidney J.A. Churchill, esq. London: Sotheby & Co. 1934.
  12. ^ "Churchill, Sidney John Alexander 1862–1921", worldcat.org
  13. "Churchill, Sidney John Alexander, 1862–1921". Retrieved 11 January 2015.

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