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| {{Use mdy dates|date=November 2013}} | |||
| {{Infobox sports league | |||
| | current_season = | |||
| | logo = AL logo.png | |||
| | pixels = 150px | |||
| | sport = ] | |||
| | founded = January 28, 1901 | |||
| | teams = 15 | |||
| | champion = ] (3rd) <!-- refers to AL championship, not World Series title --> | |||
| | most_champs = ] (40) <!-- refers to AL championships, not World Series titles --> | |||
| | countries = United States (14 teams)<br>Canada (1 team) | |||
| | president = ] (honorary) | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''American League of Professional Baseball Clubs''', or simply the '''American League''' ('''AL'''), is one of two leagues that make up ] (MLB) in the ] and ]. It developed from the ], a minor league based in the Great Lakes states, which eventually aspired to ] status. It is often called the '''Junior Circuit''' because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season, 25 years after the formation of the ] (the "Senior Circuit"). | |||
| At the end of every season, the American League champion plays in the ] against the ] champion. Through 2013, American League teams have won 63 of the 109 World Series played since 1903, with 27 of those coming from the ] alone. The 2014 American League champions are the ]. The New York Yankees have won 40 American League titles, the most in the league's history, followed by the ] (15) and the ] (13). | |||
| ==History== | |||
| {{Main|History of the American League}} | |||
| ] | |||
| Originally a ] known as the ], the league later developed into a major league after the ] disbanded. In its early history, the Western League struggled until 1894, when ] became the president of the league. Johnson led the Western League into major league status and soon became the president of the newly renamed American League. ], noted as one of the most prolific hitters in Major League Baseball history, spent the majority of his career in the American League. The American League has one notable difference over the ], in that since 1973 it has had the ]. Under the rule, a team may use a ] in its ] who is not in the field defensively, replacing the pitcher in the batting order, compared to the old rule that made it mandatory for the ] to bat.<ref name=league>{{cite web|title=League History|url=http://www.americanwestbl.com/league-history/|publisher=American West Baseball League|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| In 1969, the league, along with the National League, reorganized into two divisions (East and West) and added another round to the playoffs in the form of the League Championship Series, with the first place in each division advancing to the playoffs. | |||
| In 1977, the league expanded to fourteen teams, when the ] and ] were enfranchised. Granting a team to Toronto marked the AL's expansion to Canada, following the National League's expansion to ], and the Mariners were added in an attempt to settle a pending $90 million lawsuit against the league by the city of Seattle over the quick departure of the ] in 1970. | |||
| ] shake hands following the Senators' 1924 championship.]] | |||
| Until the late 1970s, league umpires working behind home plate wore large, balloon-style chest protectors worn outside the shirt or coat, while their brethren in the National League wore chest protectors inside the shirt or coat. In 1977, new umpires (including ]) had to wear the inside chest protector, although those on staff wearing the outside protector could continue to do so. Most umpires made the switch to the inside protector, led by ] in 1975 and ] the next year, although several did not, including ], ], ], and ], who became the last MLB umpire to use the outside protector in 1985. | |||
| In 1994, the league, along with the National League, reorganized again, into three divisions (East, West, and ]) and added a third round to the playoffs in the form of the League Divisional Series, with the best second-place team advancing to the playoffs as a wild-card team, in addition to the three divisional champions. In 1998, the newly franchised ] joined the league, and the ] joined the National League: i.e., each league each added a fifteenth team. An odd number of teams per league meant that at least one team in each league would have to be idle on any given day, or alternatively that odd team out would have had to play an ] against its counterpart in the other league. The initial plan was to have three five-team divisions per league with inter league play year-round—possibly as many as 30 interleague games per team each year. For various reasons, it soon seemed more practical to have an even number of teams in both leagues. So, the ] agreed to change leagues, moving from the AL Central to the NL Central. At the same time, the Detroit Tigers shifted over to the AL Central, making room for the ] in the East. Following the move of the ] to the American League in 2013, both leagues now consist of 15 teams. | |||
| For the first 96 years, American League teams faced their National League counterparts only in exhibition games or in the World Series. Beginning in 1997, interleague games have been played during the regular season and count in the standings. As part of the agreement instituting interleague play, the designated-hitter rule is used only in games where the American League team is the home team. Through the 2014 season, the Yankees have won the most American League pennants (40), followed by the Athletics (15), Red Sox (13), and Tigers (11). Likewise, the Yankees have also won the most World Series (27), with the Athletics second in the American League with nine, the Red Sox third with eight, and the Tigers fourth with four. | |||
| ==Teams== | |||
| ===Charter franchises=== | |||
| There were eight charter teams in 1901, the league's first year as a major league, and | |||
| the next year the original ] moved to St. Louis to become the ]. These franchises constituted the league for 52 seasons, until the Browns moved to Baltimore and took up the name ]. All eight original franchises remain in the American League, although only four remain in the original cities (Detroit, Chicago, Boston, and Cleveland). The eight original teams and their counterparts in the "Classic Eight" were: | |||
| *] (went bankrupt and became defunct after 1902 season),<ref name=baltimore>{{cite web|title=Bankrupt Orioles|url=http://www.sports-reference.com/blog/2014/07/1901-02-orioles-removed-from-yankees-history/|publisher=Baseball-Reference|accessdate=July 20, 2014}}</ref> replaced in 1903 by the ] (became the ] in 1913) | |||
| *] (became the ] in 1908) | |||
| *] (became the ] in 1903) | |||
| *]<ref>Officially "Bluebirds," a form seldom used</ref> (became the ] in 1915) | |||
| *] (name and locale unchanged from 1894 forward) | |||
| *] (became the ] in 1902 and the ] in 1954) | |||
| *] (became the ] in 1955 and the ] in 1968) | |||
| *] (became the ] in 1961)<ref name=chicago>{{cite web|title=American League|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/topic/sports/baseball/american-league-15007001.topic|publisher=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ===Expansion, renaming, and relocation summary=== | |||
| {{see also|Major League Baseball relocation of 1950s-1960s}} | |||
| *1902: ] moved to St. Louis, renamed ] | |||
| *1902: ] players attempted to adopt the nickname ], which failed to catch on | |||
| *1903: ] AL awarded new franchise to New York after original Orioles franchise folded; dubbed "Highlanders" by press after their field, Hilltop Park, and "Yanks" as a shorter form of "Americans" | |||
| *1903: ] officially renamed ] | |||
| *1903: ] renamed ] via newspaper poll, after star ] | |||
| *1905: ] renamed ]; Senators name continued to be used by media | |||
| *1908: ] (informal nickname) formally named ] | |||
| *1913: ] nickname dropped in favor of already-established alternative, ] | |||
| *1915: ] renamed ] | |||
| *1954: ] move to Baltimore, renamed ] | |||
| *1955: ] move to Kansas City | |||
| *1957: ] formally renamed ] | |||
| *1961: ] move to Minneapolis-St. Paul, renamed ] | |||
| *1961: ] and ''new'' ] enfranchised. | |||
| *1965: ] renamed ] in late-season on September 2, 1965. For the following season, the Angels moved within the Los Angeles metropolitan area from the city of Los Angeles to the ] suburb of Anaheim. | |||
| *1968: ] move to Oakland | |||
| *1969: ] and ] enfranchised. | |||
| *1970: ] move to Milwaukee, renamed ]. (Four years earlier, in 1966, the National League's Milwaukee Braves had moved to Atlanta.) | |||
| *1972: ] move to Dallas-Ft. Worth (Arlington), renamed ] | |||
| *1973: ] officially renamed ] | |||
| *1977: ] and ] enfranchised | |||
| *1980: ] officially renamed ] | |||
| *1997: ] renamed ]. The change came more than 30 years after the team's move to Anaheim. | |||
| *1998: ], representing Tampa-St. Petersburg, enfranchised | |||
| *1998: ] transfer from the American League to the National League. (See above.) | |||
| *2005: ] renamed ] | |||
| *2008: ] renamed ] | |||
| *2013: ] transfer from the National League Central to the American League West. | |||
| ===Current teams=== | |||
| ====American League East==== | |||
| *] enfranchised 1901 as the Milwaukee Brewers, moved to St. Louis (1902) and to Baltimore (1954) | |||
| *] enfranchised 1901, nicknamed the Americans<ref>To distinguish them from Boston's National League team, then called the Red Stockings or the Nationals</ref> (adopted name Red Sox in 1908) | |||
| *] enfranchised 1903, nicknamed the Highlanders<ref>After their original home, Hilltop Park</ref> (officially adopted alternate nickname Yanks/Yankees in 1913)<ref>Sources recently have dissociated the 1902-1903 Baltimore Orioles from the Highlanders/Yankees. and sources cited on that page. Retrieved July 23, 2014.</ref> | |||
| *] enfranchised 1998 as the Tampa Bay Devil Rays (team name changed in 2008) | |||
| *] enfranchised 1977 <ref name=mlb>{{cite web|first=Edgarf|title=Baltimore Orioles History – American League East|url=http://mlbbaseballbetting.com/baltimore-orioles-history-american-league-east/|publisher=MLB Baseball Betting|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ====American League Central==== | |||
| *] enfranchised 1894 as the Sioux City Cornhuskers, moved to St. Paul (1895) and to Chicago (1900) | |||
| *] enfranchised 1887 as Blues of American Association, played as minor league franchise in 1900, joined AL in 1901 | |||
| *] enfranchised 1894 | |||
| *] enfranchised 1969 | |||
| *] enfranchised 1894 as the Kansas City Blues, moved to Washington (1901), and to Minneapolis-St. Paul (1961)<ref name=hardball>{{cite web|last=Gleeman|first=Aaron|title=10 Years of the American League Central|url=http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/10years_alcentral/|publisher=The Hardball Times|accessdate=August 25, 2013}}</ref> | |||
| ====American League West==== | |||
| *] enfranchised 1962 in National League as the Houston Colt .45s (team changed name to Astros in 1965), transferred to American League (2013) | |||
| *] enfranchised 1961 as the Los Angeles Angels, moved within the Los Angeles area to Anaheim (1966) | |||
| *] enfranchised 1901* in Philadelphia, moved to Kansas City (1955) and to Oakland (1968) | |||
| *] enfranchised 1977 | |||
| *] enfranchised 1961 as the Washington Senators, moved to Arlington (1972)<ref name="league"/> | |||
| (*)See commentary on ] page. The Indianapolis and Minneapolis teams were replaced by teams in Baltimore and Philadelphia in 1901, but it is unclear and disputed as to which team went where. | |||
| ==American League presidents, 1901–1999== | |||
| {{further|List of American League presidents}} | |||
| ==Other leagues== | |||
| Several other sports have had leagues called "American League," usually with the sport name as a qualifier, such as the "]" (which eventually merged with the ], adopting the latter's name for the combination). The ] is the top minor league in North American professional ]. | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| {{Portal|Baseball}} | |||
| *] | |||
| *] (ALCS) | |||
| *] (ALDS) | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==Sources== | |||
| *''The National League Story'', Lee Allen, Putnam, 1961. | |||
| *''The American League Story'', Lee Allen, Putnam, 1962. | |||
| *''The Baseball Encyclopedia'', published by MacMillan, 1968 and later. | |||
| ==Footnotes== | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| {{American League}} | |||
| {{MLB}} | |||
| {{AL Presidents}} | |||
| {{Professional Baseball}} | |||
| {{National League}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 00:22, 15 January 2015
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