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A '''limited-access road''' or '''controlled-access road''' is a ] to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way.
A '''limited-access road''' or '''controlled-access road''' is a ] to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way. It can mean anything from a city street to which the maintaining authority limits ] access<ref>: "Limited access road for the purposes of this Strategy (section 5.6.3) is a local road occupied by a district/city council, where the number of accesses onto that road from properties is limited, due to road safety and visibility reasons."</ref><ref>: "'Controlled access highway' means every highway, street or roadway in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting lands and other persons have no legal right of access except at such points only and in such manner as may be determined by the public authority having jurisdiction over such highway, street or roadway."</ref> to a ].<ref>: "Limited Access - Roadways with access limited to specific points (interchanges) with arterial or other limited access roadways."</ref><ref>], : "]—a divided highway with partial control of access." and "Freeway—a divided highway with full control of access."</ref> The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.
The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.


At lower speeds, it can mean a city street to which the maintaining authority limits ] access.<ref>: "Limited access road for the purposes of this Strategy (section 5.6.3) is a local road occupied by a district/city council, where the number of accesses onto that road from properties is limited, due to road safety and visibility reasons."</ref>

At higher speeds, it may include ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, or ]s.
==History== ==History==
⚫ The concept of limited-access roadways started with the ] system in the state of ], circa ]<ref>http://www.nycroads.com/roads/bronx-river/</ref>. The ] was a series of high speed (30 Mph) four-lane roads that were created to provide a scenic way in to, out from, and around ]. These highways allowed no driveway cuts, but did have intersections for most of the streets they crossed. They also provided ]s along the way that offered fuel and ]. The road ways were typically divided by a wide landscaped median.
{{original research}}
⚫ The concept of limited-access roadways started with the ] system in the state of ], circa ].{{fact}} The ] was a series of high speed (30 MPH) 4 lane roads that were created to provide a scenic way out of and around ]. These highways allowed no driveway cuts but did have intersections for most of the streets they crossed. They also provided ]s along the way that offered fuel and ]. The road ways were typically divided by a wide landscaped median.


The concept evolved into uninterrupted ]s<ref>: "Limited Access - Roadways with access limited to specific points (interchanges) with arterial or other limited access roadways."</ref> that are commonly known as ]s<ref name=MUTCD>], : "]—a divided highway with partial control of access." and "]—a divided highway with full control of access."</ref>, but can be called ]s<ref name=MUTCD/>, ]s, or ]s, among other names both in the US and other countries.
The concept evolved into what today is commonly called in the ] a ], but can be called ]s, ]s, ]s, ], among other names both in the US and other countries.{{fact}}


==Variants== == Variants ==
A '''controlled-access highway'''<ref>: "'Controlled access highway' means every highway, street or roadway in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting lands and other persons have no legal right of access except at such points only and in such manner as may be determined by the public authority having jurisdiction over such highway, street or roadway."</ref><ref></ref> is usually a step up from a '''limited-access highway''. These usually feature ] ] and ]s with ramp access.
{{accuracy}}
{{original research}}
A '''controlled-access highway''' is usually{{fact}} a step up from a limited-access highway.{{fact}} These usually feature grade-separated crossings and ramp access.{{fact}}


When ]s are placed along the road, they are called ]s, ]s, or ]s, among other names both in the US and other countries. When ]s are placed along the road, they are called ]s, ]s, or ]s, among other names both in the US and other countries.


]s (or divided highways) with long intervals between ]s and no private access may also meet the criteria of being "controlled-access".{{fact}} Such roads may also be called ]s.<ref name=MUTCD/> ]s (or divided highways) with long intervals between ]s and no private access may also meet the criteria of being "controlled-access."<ref></ref><ref> Class A projects, which are also designed to 110 km/h standard, but generally signposted at 100 km/h. These are designed as controlled access roads, with direct access from local roads at limited locations, and interchanges with major roads where traffic demand justifies the cost.</ref> Such roads may also be called ]s<ref name=MUTCD/>.


One such example is the "] Bypass" on ] in the ].{{fact}} The bypass is a freeway in terms of signage although it has traffic lights at the junctions.{{fact}}{{or}} One such example is the "] ]" on ] in the ]. The bypass is a expressway in terms of signage, although it has traffic lights at the junctions.<ref> The route is a partially-limited access expressway, with access only at select crossroads.</ref>

== See also ==
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]
*]


==References== ==References==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div> <references/>


] ]

{{road-stub}}

Revision as of 05:57, 19 July 2006

A limited-access road or controlled-access road is a road to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way. The precise definition of these terms varies by jurisdiction.

At lower speeds, it can mean a city street to which the maintaining authority limits driveway access.

At higher speeds, it may include expressways, freeways, highways, motorways, or superhighways.

History

The concept of limited-access roadways started with the parkway system in the state of New York, circa 1907. The New York State Parkway System was a series of high speed (30 Mph) four-lane roads that were created to provide a scenic way in to, out from, and around New York City. These highways allowed no driveway cuts, but did have intersections for most of the streets they crossed. They also provided rest areas along the way that offered fuel and restrooms. The road ways were typically divided by a wide landscaped median.

The concept evolved into uninterrupted arterial roads that are commonly known as expressways, but can be called freeways, motorways, or parkways, among other names both in the US and other countries.

Variants

A controlled-access highway' is usually a step up from a limited-access highway. These usually feature grade-separated interchanges and frontage roads with ramp access.

When toll booths are placed along the road, they are called toll roads, tollways, or turnpikes, among other names both in the US and other countries.

Dual carriageways (or divided highways) with long intervals between at-grade intersections and no private access may also meet the criteria of being "controlled-access." Such roads may also be called expressways.

One such example is the "Marquette Bypass" on U.S. Route 41 in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The bypass is a expressway in terms of signage, although it has traffic lights at the junctions.

See also

References

  1. Environment Waikato Regional Council, Definition of Terms: "Limited access road for the purposes of this Strategy (section 5.6.3) is a local road occupied by a district/city council, where the number of accesses onto that road from properties is limited, due to road safety and visibility reasons."
  2. http://www.nycroads.com/roads/bronx-river/
  3. Jacksonville Transportation Authority - Rapid Transit Studies - Glossary: "Limited Access - Roadways with access limited to specific points (interchanges) with arterial or other limited access roadways."
  4. ^ Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, Section 1A.13 Definitions of Words and Phrases in This Manual: "Expressway—a divided highway with partial control of access." and "Freeway—a divided highway with full control of access."
  5. Elko Traffic Code: "'Controlled access highway' means every highway, street or roadway in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting lands and other persons have no legal right of access except at such points only and in such manner as may be determined by the public authority having jurisdiction over such highway, street or roadway."
  6. Public Transportation and Highway Improvement Act; R.S.O. 1990, CHAPTER P.50
  7. A8 Dual Carriageway
  8. Upgrading the Pacific Highway, Route Options Development Report Class A projects, which are also designed to 110 km/h standard, but generally signposted at 100 km/h. These are designed as controlled access roads, with direct access from local roads at limited locations, and interchanges with major roads where traffic demand justifies the cost.
  9. Michigan Highways 40 through 49 The route is a partially-limited access expressway, with access only at select crossroads.
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