Timetable of South Asia/Indian Sub-continent
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Timeline and cultural period
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Westcoast
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Northwestern Sub-continent (West Punjab-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
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Indo-Gangetic Plain
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Central India Deccan Plateau
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Southern India
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Western Gangetic Plain (Kurukshetra)
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Northern India (Central Gangetic Plain)
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Northeastern India (Bengal)
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South Asian Stone Age (until c. 3300 BCE)
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South Asian Stone Age (until c. 1100 BCE)
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Culture
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Paleolithicum (until c. 10,000 BCE)
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70,000 - 10,000 BCE
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Sanghao Caves
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Bhimbetka rock shelters (30,000-15,000 BCE)
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Culture
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Mesolithicum (c. 10,000-7,000 BCE)
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Mesolithicum (c. 10,000-3,000 BCE)
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c. 10,000-7,000 BCE
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Culture
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Neolithicum (c. 7000-3300 BCE)
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Mesolithicum (c. 10,000-3000 BCE)
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c. 7,000-3,300 BCE
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Mehrgarh
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BRONZE AGE (c. 3300-1100 BCE)
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NEOLITHIC (c. 3000-1400 BCE)
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Culture
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Early Harappan
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3300-2600 BCE
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Early Harappan
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Culture
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Integration Era
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2600-1900 BCE
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Indus Valley Civilization
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Indus Valley Civilization
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Indus Valley Civilization
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Culture
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Localisation Era/Late Harappan OCP/Cemetery H
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1900-1500 BCE
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Earliest known rice cultivation
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Culture
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Localisation Era/Late Harappan OCP/Cemetery H Early Vedic period Gandhara grave culture
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Megalithic (c. 1400-1100 BCE)
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1500-1300 BCE
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Indo-Aryan migration
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1300-1100 BCE
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Wandering Vedic Aryans
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IRON AGE (c. 1100-300 BCE)
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Culture
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Middle Vedic Period
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Gandhara grave culture
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Black and red ware culture
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1100-800 BCE
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Vedic settlements Gandhara
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Vedic settlements Kuru
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Culture
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Late Vedic Period
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Gandhara grave culture
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(Brahmin ideology) early Upanishads Painted Grey Ware culture
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(Kshatriya/Shramanic culture) Northern Black Polished Ware
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800-600 BCE
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Gandhara
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Kuru-Pancala
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Kosala-Videha
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Culture
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Late Vedic Period Mahajanapada
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Gandhara grave culture
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(Brahmin ideology) early Upanishads Painted Grey Ware culture
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(Kshatriya/Shramanic culture) Northern Black Polished Ware
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6th century BCE
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Gandhara
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Kuru-Panchala
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Kosala Magadha Anga
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Adivasi (tribes)
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Culture
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Persian-Greek influences
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"Second Urbanisation"
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Later Upanishads
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Rise of Shramana movements Jainism - Buddhism - Ājīvika - Yoga Later Upanishads
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5th century BCE
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(Persian rule)
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Shishunaga dynasty
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Adivasi (tribes)
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4th century BCE
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(Greek conquests)
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Nanda empire
Kalinga
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HISTORICAL AGE (after 300 BCE)
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Culture
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Spread of Buddhism
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Pre-history
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Sangam period (300 BCE – 200 CE)
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3rd century BCE
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Maurya Empire
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Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Satavahana dynasty Cheras
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Culture
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Preclassical Hinduism - "Hindu Synthesis" (c. 200 BCE-300 CE) Epics - Puranas - Ramayana - Mahabharata - Bhagavad Gita - Brahma Sutras - Smarta Tradition Mahayana Buddhism
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Sangam period (continued) (300 BCE – 200 CE)
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2nd century BCE
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Indo-Greek Kingdom
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Sunga Empire
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Adivasi (tribes)
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Early Cholas Early Pandyan Kingdom Satavahana dynasty Cheras
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1st century BCE
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Yona
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Maha-Meghavahana Dynasty
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1st century CE
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Indo-Scythians Indo-Parthians
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Kuninda Kingdom
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2nd century
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Pahlava
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Varman dynasty
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3rd century
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Kushan Empire
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Western Satraps
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Kamarupa kingdom
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Kalabhras dynasty
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Culture
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"Golden Age of Hinduism"(c. 320-650 CE) Puranas Co-existence of Hinduism and Buddhism
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4th century
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Gupta Empire
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Kadamba Dynasty Western Ganga Dynasty
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5th century
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Vishnukundina
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6th century
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Maitraka
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Adivasi (tribes)
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Culture
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Late-Classical Hinduism (c. 650-1100 CE) Advaita Vedanta - Tantra Decline of Buddhism in India
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7th century
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Maitraka
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Indo-Sassanids
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Vakataka dynasty, Harsha
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Mlechchha dynasty
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Adivasi (tribes)
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Pallava
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8th century
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Kidarite Kingdom
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Kalachuri
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9th century
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Indo-Hephthalites (Huna)
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Gurjara-Pratihara
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Chalukya
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10th century
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Pala dynasty Kamboja-Pala dynasty
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Rashtrakuta
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Culture
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Islamic rule and "Sects of Hinduism" (c. 1100-1850 CE) - Medieval and Late Puranic Period (500–1500 CE)
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11th century
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Western Chalukyas
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(Islamic conquests) Kabul Shahi (Islamic Empire)
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Rajputs
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Pala Empire Paramara dynasty Solanki Eastern Ganga dynasty
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Sena dynasty
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Adivasi (tribes)
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Chola Empire Yadava dynasty Western Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Kakatiya dynasty Hoysala Empire
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12th century
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Western Chalukyas
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Rajputs
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Paramara dynasty Solanki Eastern Ganga dynasty
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Chola Empire Yadava dynasty Western Chalukyas Eastern Chalukyas Kakatiya dynasty Hoysala Empire
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13th century
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Delhi Sultanate
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Chola Empire
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14th century
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Delhi Sultanate
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Vijayanagara Empire
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15th century
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Delhi Sultanate
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16th century
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Mughal Empire
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17th century
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Mughal Empire
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Maratha Empire
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Culture
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Maratha Empire and British Colonisation - Company rule in India'
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18th century
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Maratha Empire
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Maratha Empire
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British
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Maratha Empire/British
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Culture
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British Colonisation - British Raj
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19th century
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Sikh Empire
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Culture
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British Raj - Independence struggle - Pakistan - India - Bangladesh'
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20th century
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21st century
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References and sources for table
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References
- Samuel (2010) p.49
- Samuel
- Samuel
- Samuel
- Samuel
- Michaels (2004) p.39
- Hiltebeitel (2002)
- Michaels (2004) p.39
- Hiltebeitel (2002)
- Micheals (2004) p.40
- Michaels (2004) p.41
- Michaels (2004) p.43
- Flood (1996) p.21-22
Sources
- Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
- Hiltebeitel, Alf (2002), Hinduism. In: Joseph Kitagawa, "The Religious Traditions of Asia: Religion, History, and Culture", Routledge
- Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press
- Samuel, Geoffrey (2010), The Origins of Yoga and Tantra. Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century, Cambridge University Press
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