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The '''''Overland Limited''''' (also known at various times as the ''Overland Flyer'', ''San Francisco Overland Limited'', ''San Francisco Overland'' and often simply as the ''Overland'') was a named ] which for much of its history was jointly operated by three railroads on the ] between ] and ]. The ] handled the train west of ], the ] between Ogden and ]/], and east of the ] to Chicago it was operated by the ] as well as, for a few years starting in 1905, by the ] (the "Milwaukee Road").

The named service on this route began on the UP as the ''Overland Flyer'' (1887–96), and the SP began its own separate named ''Overland Limited'' train in 1899. The ''Overland'' name disappeared on C&NW's portion of the route on October 30, 1955, from the UP in 1956, and finally ended on the SP's portion as a separate year-round train on July 16, 1962 when that service was consolidated with the ]


== History == == History ==
{{see also|Overland Route (Union Pacific Railroad)}} {{see also|Overland Route (Union Pacific Railroad)}}
]The first transcontinental rail service on the ] between the eastern terminus of the Union Pacific on the Missouri River at ]<ref> (38th Congress, 1st Session SENATE Ex. Doc. No. 27)</ref>/] via ] (]) and ] (]/CPRR) to the San Francisco Bay at the Oakland Wharf was opened in 1869. At that time just one daily passenger express train ran in each direction taking 102 hours to cover that 1,912 mile Pacific Railroad route.<ref>Klink, William L. . University of Illinois, College of Commerce and Business Administration. 1918. p. 19</ref><ref>, June, 1870 pp. 215-16</ref> The fare from Council Bluffs to Sacramento (the end of the Central Pacific Railroad proper) was $131.50. The fare between Chicago and Council Bluffs was another $22.00.<ref>. The Salt Lake ''Daily Telegraph'', May 17, 1869</ref> Round trip first class 30-day excursion fares between Omaha and San Francisco in 1870 ranged from $170 for groups of 20 to 24 to $130 for groups of 50 or more plus $14 for each double sleeping berth over the route.<ref> (June 1870) p. x</ref> During the entire decade of the 1870's and much of the 1880s the schedule was shortened by only 3 hours and service was not improved to any major extent until November 13, 1887 when the''' ''Overland Flyer'' '''was put into service by the UP connecting to SP's ''Pacific Express'' (westbound) and ''Atlantic Express'' (eastbound) at Ogden. Between Chicago and Council Bluffs connecting service was provided by the Chicago and North Western.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=28}}</ref> ]In 1869 service began on the ] between the east end of the Union Pacific on the Missouri River at ]<ref> (38th Congress, 1st Session SENATE Ex. Doc. No. 27)</ref>/] via ] (]) and ] (]/CPRR) to San Francisco Bay.<ref>, June, 1870 pp. 215-16</ref> The fare from Council Bluffs to Sacramento (the end of the Central Pacific Railroad proper) was $131.50. The fare between Chicago and Council Bluffs was another $22.00.<ref>. The Salt Lake ''Daily Telegraph'', May 17, 1869</ref> Round trip first class 30-day excursion fares between Omaha and San Francisco in 1870 ranged from $170 for groups of 20 to 24 to $130 for groups of 50 or more plus $14 for each double sleeping berth over the route.<ref> (June 1870) p. x</ref>


In June 1870 scheduled travel time from Chicago to San Francisco was 131 hours;<ref>, June, 1870 pp. 215-16</ref> in February 1886 Chicago to San Francisco time was down to 110 hr 40 min. On November 13, 1887 the ''Overland Flyer'' (its name on the UP) began, connecting to SP's ''Pacific Express'' (westbound) and ''Atlantic Express'' (eastbound) at Ogden; Chicago to San Francisco time in October 1888 was 96 hours. Around this time a sleeper began running from Chicago to Oakland, transferred from train to train.
⚫ ]The name ''Overland'' had its roots in the West. In 1868, the chronicler of the ], ], had founded a monthly literary magazine based in San Francisco named the '']'' while previously various ] companies such as the '']'' had incorporated "Overland" into their names.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=27}}</ref> The ''Overland'' was the subject of an early train documentary film short in 1901.<ref> and , however cf. John Huntley ''Railways in the cinema'' 1969 p.89 "THE SHORT FILM In addition to films like "Darlington Centenary" and "Night Mail" (see pages 47 and 52) the railways of the world have inspired countless documentary, instructional, factual, poetic, compilation and amateur films. ...Union Pacific Overland Limited (Edison, 1902)"</ref> For a period of a few years in the early Twentieth Century beginning in 1905, the ''Overland'' used the Milwaukee Road between Chicago and Council Bluffs. ] contends that a possible reason for this the Union Pacific always intended to coerce better performance from the Chicago and North Western, and in fact a section of the ''Overland'' continued to use the C&NW during the period.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=31}}</ref> (The C&NW would retain its close partnership with the UP between Chicago and Council Bluffs/Omaha for its various through ''Overland'' and ''City'' trains for another half century until the Milwaukee Road finally took over all that service on October 30, 1955.<ref>. ''The Milwaukee Road Magazine'', Vol. 43, No. 7. October, 1955. pp. 4-6</ref>)


⚫ ]The name ''Overland'' had its roots in the West: ], chronicler of the ], had founded a monthly literary magazine named the '']'' in 1868 while various ] companies had incorporated "Overland" into their names.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=27}}</ref> The ''Overland'' was the subject of an early train documentary film short in 1901.<ref> and , however cf. John Huntley ''Railways in the cinema'' 1969 p.89 "THE SHORT FILM In addition to films like "Darlington Centenary" and "Night Mail" (see pages 47 and 52) the railways of the world have inspired countless documentary, instructional, factual, poetic, compilation and amateur films. ...Union Pacific Overland Limited (Edison, 1902)"</ref> For a few years starting around 1904 the Milwaukee Road ran an Overland Limited from Chicago to Council Bluffs, carrying a sleeper that continued west from Omaha with cars that had come from Chicago on the C&NW.
⚫ The introduction of the then five-times-a-month dieselized streamliner '']'' in 1936 began the relegation the ''Overland'' to secondary status on the Overland Route.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=50}}</ref> By January, 1955 the train was a shell of its former self carrying only two Chicago–Oakland through cars and ceased operation on the C&NW altogether on October 30, 1955.<ref>''The Milwaukee Road Magazine'', October, 1955, pp. 4-6</ref> While the UP the name from its service in 1956, the SP held out for another six years retaining the name ''San Francisco Overland'' for trains 27 and 28 between San Francisco and Ogden until that last vestige of the line's original 1899 ''Overland Limited'' as a separate named train providing year-round daily service<ref>, May, 1962, 94th year, No. 12, p. 658</ref> ended on July 16, 1962.<ref name="Signor 1985 p. 276">Signor 1985 p. 276</ref><ref>Beebe 1963 p. 51</ref><ref>Solomon 2001 p. 71</ref> On that date the ] recent order (Docket #21946) approving of its discontinuation and consolidation with the ''City of San Francisco'' went into effect and new ''Overland Route'' schedules were instituted.<ref>ICC Financial Docket No. 21946 (Filed February 5, 1962, decided July 6, 1962, served July 16, 1962)</ref><ref>), July 16, 1962</ref> The ''Overland'' continued only as titular seasonal summer and holiday service consolidated with the ''City of San Francisco'' except when run as an occasional second section if heavy seasonal traffic warranted until January 2, 1964 after which the ''Overland'' name disappeared forever from the route.<ref>, October 28, 1962, p. 6, Table 17</ref><ref>, October, 1962, 95th year, No. 5, p. 654</ref> The SP declined to revive the train's name in 1964 amid some controversy.<ref name="dij19640722" /><ref> Public Utilities Commission of the State of California, Case #7955 (Filed July 21, 1964), Decision #70568 and Order, April 12, 1966</ref>

⚫ After the five-times-a-month '']'' began in June 1936 the ''Overland'' was just the top ''daily'' train on the route, until the City went daily in 1947.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=50}}</ref> It became an Oakland-Omaha train in 1955 and was cut back to Oakland-Ogden in 1956.<ref>, May, 1962, 94th year, No. 12, p. 658</ref><ref>Signor 1985 p. 276</ref><ref>Beebe 1963 p. 51</ref><ref>Solomon 2001 p. 71</ref> On 16 July 1962 the ] recent order (Docket #21946) approving the Overland's consolidation with the ''City of San Francisco'' went into effect.<ref>ICC Financial Docket No. 21946 (Filed February 5, 1962, decided July 6, 1962, served July 16, 1962)</ref><ref>), July 16, 1962</ref> From then until it ended in 1963-64 it was just a seasonal second section of the ].<ref>, October 28, 1962, p. 6, Table 17</ref><ref>, October, 1962, 95th year, No. 5, p. 654</ref><ref>The Overland continued to have its own schedule (15 minutes behind the City of SF) in SP employee timetables until October 1963, presumably for the dispatcher's convenience.</ref> The SP declined to revive the train in 1964 amid some controversy.<ref name="dij19640722" /><ref>Public Utilities Commission of the State of California, Case #7955, Decision #70568, April 12, 1966</ref>
] ]


== "Limited" Name == == Name ==


]The ''Overland Limited'' 's formal name varied during its long career although it was generally referred to colloquially as the ''Overland'' regardless of whatever other nouns might be attached.<ref>Solomon 2000 p. 74</ref> The Union Pacific introduced the ''Overland Flyer'' on November 13, 1887 and renamed it the ''Overland Limited'' on November 17, 1895.<ref>Beebe 1963 p. 13</ref><ref> New York: National Railway Publication Co. 21st year, No. 8. January, 1889. p. 355</ref> On December 5, 1888 the SP joined with the UP to introduce its first deluxe transcontinental service, the weekly ''Golden Gate Special'', between San Francisco/Oakland via Ogden to Council Bluffs where passengers connected with the C&NW's trains 1 and 2 to and from Chicago although that extravagant extra-fare train was dropped after just five months.<ref> January, 1889. p. 328</ref><ref>"The Golden Gate Special to be discontinued after the 12th of May", The Sacramento ''Daily Union'', Volume 61, Number 56, April 29, 1889, p. 1</ref><ref> Union Pacific Railway, Passenger Department (1888)</ref> The cost for travel between San Francisco and Council Bluffs on this train was $60 for the First Class passage and $40 in extra fare for sleeping accommodations and meals in the dining car.<ref>, UP 8-panel folding brochure, December, 1888</ref> ]The ''Overland Limited'' was generally referred to as the ''Overland'' whatever other nouns were attached.<ref>Solomon 2000 p. 74</ref> The Union Pacific introduced the ''Overland Flyer'' on November 13,1887 and renamed it ''Overland Limited'' on November 17, 1895. <ref>Beebe 1963 p. 13</ref><ref> New York: National Railway Publication Co. 21st year, No. 8. January, 1889. p. 355</ref> On December 5, 1888 the first deluxe train, the weekly ''Golden Gate Special'' began running between San Francisco/Oakland and Council Bluffs where passengers connected with C&NW trains for Chicago. That extra-fare train was dropped after five months.<ref> January, 1889. p. 328</ref><ref>"The Golden Gate Special to be discontinued after the 12th of May", The Sacramento ''Daily Union'', Volume 61, Number 56, April 29, 1889, p. 1</ref><ref> Union Pacific Railway, Passenger Department (1888)</ref> The fare between San Francisco and Council Bluffs on this train was $60 for First Class passage and $40 for sleeping accommodations and meals in the dining car.<ref>, UP 8-panel folding brochure, December, 1888</ref>


For the next decade the ''Overland's'' connection at Ogden to and from San Francisco was with the eastbound ''Atlantic Express'' and westbound ''Pacific Express'' until October 15, 1899 when the SP inaugurated its own new ''Overland Limited'' (TR1&2) which became the UP's identically named Ogden to Omaha/Council Bluffs train providing 71-hour through service. The SP described its new first class train as "An Elegant Solid Vestibuled Train of Composite Car, with library, Smoking Parlor, Buffet, etc. Luxurious Double Drawing-room Sleeping Cars, Dining Car. The Fastest Overland service in the history of transcontinental railroading."<ref> The San Francisco ''Call'', November, 1899</ref> On January 1, 1913 the ''Overland Limited'' became an extra-fare ($10) train when it further cut its running time from 68 to 64 hours and added amenities such as a barber, manicurist, stenographer, bath, etc.<ref>The ''Straits Times'', November 19, 1912, p. 9</ref> Known variously as both the ''Overland Limited'' and ''San Francisco Overland Limited'' for the next 32 years, on May 31, 1931 the service again became the ''San Francisco Overland Limited'' when its train numbers changed from "1 and 2" to "27 and 28", and on July 10, 1947 the designation "Limited" was dropped from the name altogether.<ref name="Signor 1985 p. 276"/> The ''Overland's'' connection at Ogden was with SP's eastbound ''Atlantic Express'' and westbound ''Pacific Express'' until October 15, 1899 when a new ''Overland Limited'' began running under that name between Oakland and Chicago in about 72 hours. The SP described it as "An Elegant Solid Vestibuled Train of Composite Car, with library, Smoking Parlor, Buffet, etc. Luxurious Double Drawing-room Sleeping Cars, Dining Car. The Fastest Overland service in the history of transcontinental railroading."<ref> The San Francisco ''Call'', November, 1899</ref> The name alternated between ''Overland Limited'' and ''San Francisco Overland Limited'' until 1946-47 when "Limited" was dropped.


In 1913 the ''Overland Limited'' became an extra-fare ($10) train with a 65-hour schedule and a barber, manicurist, stenographer, bath, etc.<ref>The ''Straits Times'', November 19, 1912, p. 9</ref> The extra fare was dropped in 1918 when the schedule reverted to 72 hours. In November 1926 the schedule dropped to 63 hours each way with $10 extra fare that ended in 1931.
⚫ == Equipment ==
⚫ ]]
With the ] raging, the previously all-Pullman ''Overland'' began to carry chair cars in 1931, a service which lasted through much of the rest of that decade.<ref name="Signor 1985 p. 276"/> In 1941–42 the ] Company built two groups (60 "6-6-4" and 18 "4-1-4") of streamlined light-weight sleeping cars for the UP (54), SP (13) and C&NW (11) and three groups totaling 70 similar style head-end and chair cars for the UP for use on all their trains servicing their ''Overland Routes'' to the west coast from Los Angeles to Seattle.<ref>Wayner 1972 pp. 156-7</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Welsh|2008|p=85}}</ref>


⚫ == Equipment ==
⚫ To meet the 366% increase by mid-1943 from pre-war levels in WWII related military and civilian passenger traffic,<ref>Holtgren, Thor ''Our Economy at War, Paper No. 15'', February, 1944. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc., Table 7, p. 17</ref> the consists on the again all-Pullman ''San Francisco Overland Limited'' ballooned to as many as 20 cars with service that also often ran in multiple daily sections.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=138}}</ref><ref> September 15, 1945</ref> Chair car service returned to the ''Overland'' in 1946 and the consist became all lightweight streamlined cars by 1951. A dome-lounge car was also added by the SP on the train west of Ogden by 1955.<ref> #14 (June 2, 1946); #15 (February 1, 1955)</ref><ref>Solomon 2007 p. 67</ref> In March 1952, toward the end of its existence as an independent through train, the ''San Francisco Overland'' carried Chicago–San Francisco sleepers, a New York–San Francisco sleeper conveyed on alternating days by the ]'s '']'' and the ]'s ''Pennsylvania Limited'', and a summer-only sleeper for ] conveyed to the ''Idahoan'' at ].<ref>{{harvnb|Maiken|1989|p=339}}</ref>
⚫ ]]
⚫ The previously all-Pullman ''Overland'' carried chair cars from 1931-37.<ref>Signor 1985 p. 276</ref> In 1941–42 the ] Company built sixty 6-6-4 and eighteen 4-4-2 streamlined sleeping cars for the Overland and other trains.<ref>Wayner 1972 pp. 156-7</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Welsh|2008|p=85}}</ref> During World War II the again all-Pullman ''San Francisco Overland Limited'' ballooned to as many as 20 cars and often ran in sections with sleepers for Portland and Los Angeles as well as Oakland.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=138}}</ref><ref> September 15, 1945</ref> (Union Pacific system-wide passenger-miles in 1945 were more than five times the 1939 total.) Chair cars returned in 1946.<ref> #14 (June 2, 1946); #15 (February 1, 1955)</ref><ref>Solomon 2007 p. 67</ref> In March 1952, toward the end of its existence as a through train, the ''San Francisco Overland'' carried Chicago–San Francisco sleepers, a New York–San Francisco sleeper carried on alternate days by the ]'s '']'' and the ]'s ''Pennsylvania Limited'', and a summer-only sleeper for ] conveyed to the ''Idahoan'' at ].<ref>{{harvnb|Maiken|1989|p=339}}</ref> Starting in 1955 an SP low-profile dome ran between Oakland and Ogden.


The Southern Pacific introduced a "Hamburger Grill" car between Oakland and Ogden on October 24, 1954. The SP was bullish, saying the burgers were among "the finest meat products of Southern Pacific territory."<ref name="nsj19541024" /> ] was unimpressed, noting the car, and the coffee-shop car which replaced it, as part of the decline of the train.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=51}}</ref> The Southern Pacific introduced a "Hamburger Grill" car between Oakland and Ogden on October 24, 1954. The SP said the burgers were among "the finest meat products of Southern Pacific territory"<ref name="nsj19541024" /> but ] said the car, and the coffee-shop car that replaced it, were signs of the decline of the train.<ref>{{harvnb|Beebe|1963|p=51}}</ref>


==Route diagrams== ==Route diagrams==

Revision as of 17:43, 9 April 2015

  • Overland Limited
  • Overland Flyer
The Overland Limited leaving 16th Street Station, Oakland, in 1906
Overview
First serviceNovember 13, 1887 (1887-11-13)
Last service1963 (1963)
Former operator(s)

History

See also: Overland Route (Union Pacific Railroad)
CPRR/UPRR "The Great American Over-land Route" Time Table cover (1881)

In 1869 service began on the Overland Route between the east end of the Union Pacific on the Missouri River at Council Bluffs, Iowa/Omaha, Nebraska via Ogden, Utah (CPRR) and Sacramento (WPRR/CPRR) to San Francisco Bay. The fare from Council Bluffs to Sacramento (the end of the Central Pacific Railroad proper) was $131.50. The fare between Chicago and Council Bluffs was another $22.00. Round trip first class 30-day excursion fares between Omaha and San Francisco in 1870 ranged from $170 for groups of 20 to 24 to $130 for groups of 50 or more plus $14 for each double sleeping berth over the route.

In June 1870 scheduled travel time from Chicago to San Francisco was 131 hours; in February 1886 Chicago to San Francisco time was down to 110 hr 40 min. On November 13, 1887 the Overland Flyer (its name on the UP) began, connecting to SP's Pacific Express (westbound) and Atlantic Express (eastbound) at Ogden; Chicago to San Francisco time in October 1888 was 96 hours. Around this time a sleeper began running from Chicago to Oakland, transferred from train to train.

Monthly Overland 1869

The name Overland had its roots in the West: Bret Harte, chronicler of the California Gold Rush, had founded a monthly literary magazine named the Overland Monthly in 1868 while various stagecoach companies had incorporated "Overland" into their names. The Overland was the subject of an early train documentary film short in 1901. For a few years starting around 1904 the Milwaukee Road ran an Overland Limited from Chicago to Council Bluffs, carrying a sleeper that continued west from Omaha with cars that had come from Chicago on the C&NW.

After the five-times-a-month City of San Francisco began in June 1936 the Overland was just the top daily train on the route, until the City went daily in 1947. It became an Oakland-Omaha train in 1955 and was cut back to Oakland-Ogden in 1956. On 16 July 1962 the ICC's recent order (Docket #21946) approving the Overland's consolidation with the City of San Francisco went into effect. From then until it ended in 1963-64 it was just a seasonal second section of the City of San Francisco. The SP declined to revive the train in 1964 amid some controversy.

City of San Francisco and San Francisco Overland consolidated consist (effective July 16, 1962)

Name

CPRR/UPRR "The Great American Over-land Route" Time Table cover (1881)

The Overland Limited was generally referred to as the Overland whatever other nouns were attached. The Union Pacific introduced the Overland Flyer on November 13,1887 and renamed it Overland Limited on November 17, 1895. On December 5, 1888 the first deluxe train, the weekly Golden Gate Special began running between San Francisco/Oakland and Council Bluffs where passengers connected with C&NW trains for Chicago. That extra-fare train was dropped after five months. The fare between San Francisco and Council Bluffs on this train was $60 for First Class passage and $40 for sleeping accommodations and meals in the dining car.

The Overland's connection at Ogden was with SP's eastbound Atlantic Express and westbound Pacific Express until October 15, 1899 when a new Overland Limited began running under that name between Oakland and Chicago in about 72 hours. The SP described it as "An Elegant Solid Vestibuled Train of Composite Car, with library, Smoking Parlor, Buffet, etc. Luxurious Double Drawing-room Sleeping Cars, Dining Car. The Fastest Overland service in the history of transcontinental railroading." The name alternated between Overland Limited and San Francisco Overland Limited until 1946-47 when "Limited" was dropped.

In 1913 the Overland Limited became an extra-fare ($10) train with a 65-hour schedule and a barber, manicurist, stenographer, bath, etc. The extra fare was dropped in 1918 when the schedule reverted to 72 hours. In November 1926 the schedule dropped to 63 hours each way with $10 extra fare that ended in 1931.

Equipment

Overland Limited (1901)
The buffet-library car circa 1913

The previously all-Pullman Overland carried chair cars from 1931-37. In 1941–42 the Pullman-Standard Company built sixty 6-6-4 and eighteen 4-4-2 streamlined sleeping cars for the Overland and other trains. During World War II the again all-Pullman San Francisco Overland Limited ballooned to as many as 20 cars and often ran in sections with sleepers for Portland and Los Angeles as well as Oakland. (Union Pacific system-wide passenger-miles in 1945 were more than five times the 1939 total.) Chair cars returned in 1946. In March 1952, toward the end of its existence as a through train, the San Francisco Overland carried Chicago–San Francisco sleepers, a New York–San Francisco sleeper carried on alternate days by the New York Central Railroad's Wolverine and the Pennsylvania Railroad's Pennsylvania Limited, and a summer-only sleeper for Yellowstone Park conveyed to the Idahoan at Green River, Wyoming. Starting in 1955 an SP low-profile dome ran between Oakland and Ogden.

The Southern Pacific introduced a "Hamburger Grill" car between Oakland and Ogden on October 24, 1954. The SP said the burgers were among "the finest meat products of Southern Pacific territory" but Lucius Beebe said the car, and the coffee-shop car that replaced it, were signs of the decline of the train.

Route diagrams

Original "Profile of the CPRR/UPRR "Over-Land Route" of the Pacific Railroad" (1867 engraving)
"The Overland Route to the Road of a Thousand Wonders: The Route of the Union Pacific & Southern Pacific from Omaha to San Francisco - A Journey of Eighteen Hundred Miles Where Once the Bison & the Indian Reigned"Union and Southern Pacific Railroad Passenger Departments, 1908.
Route diagram with connections of the San Francisco Overland Limited (1943)

See also

Notes

  1. Executive Order of Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, Fixing the Point of Commencement of the Pacific Railroad at Council Bluffs, Iowa. dated March 7, 1864. (38th Congress, 1st Session SENATE Ex. Doc. No. 27)
  2. Travellers' Official Guide of Railways an Steam Navigation Lines in the United States and Canada, June, 1870 pp. 215-16
  3. Central Pacific Railroad & Union Pacific Railroad display advertisements. The Salt Lake Daily Telegraph, May 17, 1869
  4. Travellers' Official Guide (June 1870) p. x
  5. "Travellers' Official Guide of Railways an Steam Navigation Lines in the United States and Canada", June, 1870 pp. 215-16
  6. Beebe 1963, p. 27
  7. IMDB has "1901" and another short 1901, however cf. John Huntley Railways in the cinema 1969 p.89 "THE SHORT FILM In addition to films like "Darlington Centenary" and "Night Mail" (see pages 47 and 52) the railways of the world have inspired countless documentary, instructional, factual, poetic, compilation and amateur films. ...Union Pacific Overland Limited (Edison, 1902)"
  8. Beebe 1963, p. 50
  9. THE OFFICIAL GUIDE of RAILWAYS of the UNITED STATES, May, 1962, 94th year, No. 12, p. 658
  10. Signor 1985 p. 276
  11. Beebe 1963 p. 51
  12. Solomon 2001 p. 71
  13. ICC Financial Docket No. 21946 (Filed February 5, 1962, decided July 6, 1962, served July 16, 1962)
  14. Southern Pacific Overland Route Time Tables (Form 4), July 16, 1962
  15. Southern Pacific Passenger Train Schedules, October 28, 1962, p. 6, Table 17
  16. THE OFFICIAL GUIDE of RAILWAYS of the UNITED STATES, October, 1962, 95th year, No. 5, p. 654
  17. The Overland continued to have its own schedule (15 minutes behind the City of SF) in SP employee timetables until October 1963, presumably for the dispatcher's convenience.
  18. "Railroad Dispute". Daily Independent Journal. July 22, 1964. p. 2. Retrieved August 30, 2014 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  19. Public Utilities Commission of the State of California, Case #7955, Decision #70568, April 12, 1966
  20. Solomon 2000 p. 74
  21. Beebe 1963 p. 13
  22. THE OFFICIAL GUIDE of the RAILWAY and STEAM NAVIGATION LINES of the UNITED STATES and CANADA New York: National Railway Publication Co. 21st year, No. 8. January, 1889. p. 355
  23. THE OFFICIAL GUIDE January, 1889. p. 328
  24. "The Golden Gate Special to be discontinued after the 12th of May", The Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 61, Number 56, April 29, 1889, p. 1
  25. "The Finest Train in the World: The Golden Gate Special." Union Pacific Railway, Passenger Department (1888)
  26. "The Golden Gate Special", UP 8-panel folding brochure, December, 1888
  27. SP Overland Limited Advertisement The San Francisco Call, November, 1899
  28. The Straits Times, November 19, 1912, p. 9
  29. Signor 1985 p. 276
  30. Wayner 1972 pp. 156-7
  31. Welsh 2008, p. 85
  32. Beebe 1963, p. 138
  33. San Francisco Overland Limited Consists September 15, 1945
  34. "Southern Pacific Equipment Registers" #14 (June 2, 1946); #15 (February 1, 1955)
  35. Solomon 2007 p. 67
  36. Maiken 1989, p. 339
  37. "S.P. Glorifying Hamburger With New-Style Car". Nevada State Journal. October 24, 1954. p. 9. Retrieved August 30, 2014 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  38. Beebe 1963, p. 51

References

Passenger trains of the Union Pacific Railroad
 
Metra (commuter rail)
Early articulated streamliners
City fleet
Others
Rolling stock
Amtrak
Midwest
California
See also
 
Passenger trains of the Southern Pacific
Named trains
Daylights
Overland Route
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