| Revision as of 19:28, 7 July 2014 editGog the Mild (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, Rollbackers96,814 edits Slight grammar tidy up.← Previous edit | Revision as of 08:46, 13 April 2015 edit undoHebrides (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers105,126 edits fill out references, date range per WP:DATERANGE using AWBNext edit → | ||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
| |partof=the ] | |partof=the ] | ||
| |place=] | |place=] | ||
| |date=20 March |
|date=20 March – 4 May 1995 | ||
| |result=Turkish Victory<ref name="unhcr"/> | |result=Turkish Victory<ref name="unhcr"/> | ||
| |combatant1={{flag|Turkey}} | |combatant1={{flag|Turkey}} | ||
| Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
| |commander2={{flagicon image|Kd pkk1.PNG}} ] | |commander2={{flagicon image|Kd pkk1.PNG}} ] | ||
| |strength1=35,000+<ref name="Kurds in Turkey"/> | |strength1=35,000+<ref name="Kurds in Turkey"/> | ||
| |strength2=2,400-2,800<ref> |
|strength2=2,400-2,800<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The Kurds and the Future of Turkey|author=Gunter, M.M.|date=1997|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9780312172657|url=http://books.google.nl/books?id=dWmd8IS06FgC|page=35|accessdate=2015-04-13}}</ref> | ||
| |casualties1=64 killed<ref name=hurriyet1/><br/> | |casualties1=64 killed<ref name=hurriyet1/><br/> | ||
| 185 wounded<ref name=hurriyet1/><br> | 185 wounded<ref name=hurriyet1/><br> | ||
| (Turkish Claim) | (Turkish Claim) | ||
| ---- | ---- | ||
| 800 killed<ref name="unhcr">http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,TUR,,469f38e91e,0.html</ref><ref name="Kurds in Turkey"></ref><br/> | 800 killed<ref name="unhcr">{{cite web|url=http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,MARP,,TUR,,469f38e91e,0.html|title=Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey|author=United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|publisher=unhcr.org|accessdate=2015-04-13}}</ref><ref name="Kurds in Turkey"></ref><br/> | ||
| (PKK Claim) | (PKK Claim) | ||
| |casualties2=555 killed<ref name=hurriyet1/><br/> | |casualties2=555 killed<ref name=hurriyet1/><br/> | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
| (PKK Claim) | (PKK Claim) | ||
| |casualties3= | |casualties3= | ||
| 200 civilians killed<ref> |
200 civilians killed<ref name="kurdmedia">{{cite web|url=http://www.kurdmedia.com/article.aspx?id=13491|title=KurdishMedia.com: News about Kurds and Kurdistan|publisher=kurdmedia.com|accessdate=2015-04-13}}</ref> | ||
| 15,000 Iraqi Kurdish civilians displaced <ref name="unhcr"/> | 15,000 Iraqi Kurdish civilians displaced <ref name="unhcr"/> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
Revision as of 08:46, 13 April 2015
| Operation Steel Çelik Harekâtı | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Turkey |
 Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Hasan Kundakçı |
Nizamettin Taş | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 35,000+ | 2,400-2,800 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
64 killed 800 killed |
555 killed 60 killed | ||||||
|
200 civilians killed 15,000 Iraqi Kurdish civilians displaced | |||||||
Operation Steel (Template:Lang-tr) was a cross-border operation by the Turkish Armed Forces into northern Iraq between 20 March and 4 May 1995 against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).
The battle
On March 20, 1995, some 35,000 Turkish troops launched an invasion into Northern Iraq. The effect of the attack was however relatively limited, despite high PKK casualties, as the majority of the PKK forces left the region before the offensive begun as they had noticed the military buildup on the border and were anticipating the offensive. By April 25, Turkey pulled out 20,000 of its 35,000 troops. After on May 3, the Kurdistan Democratic Party delegation to Turkey said they would stop PKK activities in Iraqi Kurdistan, Turkey withdrew its remaining forces on May 4. The military operation strained relations between Turkey and the United States and Europe as over 15,000 Iraqi Kurdish civilians were displaced by Turkish forces.
Casualties
More than 35,000 troops took part in the operation. Turkey announced fatalities at a total of 64 personnel made out of 4 commissioned officers, 5 noncommissioned officers and 55 soldiers. Turkey announced the injured at a total of 185 personnel made out of 13 commissioned officers 8 noncommissioned officers and 164 soldiers. Turkey announced the total number of militants neutralized at a total of 568 with 555 being killed and 13 being captured live or injured. The PKK claimed they killed 261 soldiers and only 18 of their fighters were killed during the operation.
See also
References
- ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. "Refworld | Chronology for Kurds in Turkey". unhcr.org. Retrieved 2015-04-13. Cite error: The named reference "unhcr" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Kurds in Turkey (page 18)
- Gunter, M.M. (1997). The Kurds and the Future of Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 35. ISBN 9780312172657. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
- ^ "Çelik harekatı (20 Mart - 2 Mayıs 1994)". Hürriyet. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
- "KurdishMedia.com: News about Kurds and Kurdistan". kurdmedia.com. Retrieved 2015-04-13.
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