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Ghazipur गाज़ीपुर غازیپور
City
The Tomb of Lord Cornwallis, Governor-General of British India
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
District	Ghazipur
Government
• Type	Municipal Council
• Body	Ghazipur Municipal Council
• Chairman	Vinod Kumar Agrawal
Area
• Total	20 km (8 sq mi)
Population
• Total	121,136
• Rank	391
• Density	6,056/km (15,680/sq mi)
• Sex ratio	902 ♀/♂
Demonym	Ghazipuri
Languages
• Official	Hindi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN	233001
Telephone code	91-548
Vehicle registration	UP 61
Website	www.ghazipur.nic.in
Famous for Ghats, Opium Factory and Flower Business

Ghazipur (Template:Lang-hi, Template:Lang-ur, previously spelled Ghazeepore, Gauspur, and Ghazipour), is a city and municipal corporation in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Ghazipur city is the administrative headquarters of the Ghazipur district, one of the four districts that form the Varanasi division of Uttar Pradesh. The city of Ghazipur also constitutes one of the five distinct tehsils, or subdivisions, of the Ghazipur district. Hindu tradition associates Ghazipur with a Raja Gaadhi, father of Vishwamitra Maharshi, the great rishi regarded as a Hindu saint, but although the area was an administrative center since the Gupta Empire, Ghazipur probably derives its name from the sayyid Masud, given the title Ghazi, who defeated the local Raja and established a town around 1330 CE. Located by the Ganges, Ghazipur was a strategically important river port during the British rule of India. Ghazipur is well known for its opium factory, established by the British East India Company in 1820.

Ghazipur lies close to the Uttar Pradesh-Bihar border, about 80 kilometres (50 mi) east of the spiritual city of Varanasi and 50 kilometres (31 mi) from Buxar, the entry point to Bihar state. The most commonly spoken language in the city is Bhojpuri.

History

As per the verbal and folk history. Ghazipur was covered with dense forest during the Vedic era and it was a place for ashrams of saints during that period. The place is related to the Ramayana period. Maharshi Jamadagni, the father of Maharshi Parashurama, is said to have resided here. The famous Gautama Maharishi and Chyavana were given teaching and sermon here in ancient period. Lord Buddha gave his first sermon in Sarnath, which is not far from the here. The Aurihar region of Ghazipur became the main centre of teachings of Lord Buddha. Many stupas and pillars are the main evidence of that period. Chinese traveller Hieun Tsang visited this area and has described this place as Chanchu "Kingdom of the Lord of battles."

Its ancient name of Gadhipuri or Gadhipur was renamed to Ghazipur about 1330, after Ghāzī Malik, a Muslim ruler of the Tughluq dynasty, who ruled this area.

The first Scientific Society of India was established first in Ghazipur in 1862 by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan for propagating modern Western knowledge of science, technology and industry. It was a departure from the past in the sense that education made a paradigm shift from traditional humanities and related disciplines to the new field of science and agriculture. Some current institution like Technical Education and Research Institute (TERI), part of post-graduate college PG College Ghazipur in the city.

Demographics

As per provisional data of 2011 census, Ghazipur urban agglomeration had a population of 121,136, out of which males were 63,689 and females were 57,447. Males constituted 52.57% of the population while females constituted 47.43% of the population. The literacy rate of Ghazipur urban agglomeration was 84.97% (higher than the national average of 74.04%) of which male literacy was 90.23% and female literacy was 79.17%.Sex ratio of Ghazipur urban agglomeration was found to be 902. Ghazipur urban agglomeration consist of Ghazipur, Kapoorpur, Mishrolia Madhopur, and Razdepur.

As of 2011 India census, Ghazipur city had a population of 1,10,698, out of which males were 58,126 and females were 52,572. Males constituted 52.5% of the population and females constituted 47.5% of the population. Ghazipur has an average literacy rate of 85.46% (higher than the national average of 74.04%) of which male literacy is 90.61% and female literacy is 79.79%. 11.46% of the population is under 6 years of age and the sex ratio is 904.

Literature

Ghazipur is noted for its literary contribution to India and the world. Well known writers include Raahi Masoom Raza, Kuber Nath Rai, Viveki Rai, Ravi Shankar, Uday Shankar, Zafar, Satara Devi, Nazir Hussain.

Of these, Rahi Masoom Raza is noted as the dialogue writer of the first Mahabharata saga aired on the Doordarshan TV channel. He also authored 'Neem Ka Ped', another serial on DD National.

Gopal Ram Gahmari, born in 1856 in the village of Gahmar, was a well known detective novel author. He also wrote other types of novel such as Chatura Chanchla, Madhvi, Kankara and Bhanumati.

The Ghazipur Opium Factory may have one more claim to fame, for a rather unique problem it has. It is infested with monkeys, but these are too narcotic-addled to be a real problem and workers drag them out of the way by their tails.

Constituencies

Lok Sabha Parliamentary constituencies and the Vidhan Sabha Legislative Assembly constituencies after delimitation. 75-Ghazipur Lok Sabha and 74- Ballia Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha-373 Jakhania, 374 Saidpur (SC), 375 Ghazipur Sadar, 376 Jangipur (SC), 379 Zamania, Mohammadabad and Zahoorabad. The latter two are shifted to Ballia Lok Sabha. Earlier Saidpur, (Ghazipur) Lok sabha seat, Dildarnagar & Sadat seat of vidhan Sabha were also in existence, but they are demolished under new parameters.

Transportation

Ghazipur is the major railhead of the North Eastern Railway Zone, Varanasi Division. Ghazipur City station serves as major railway station of city. Ghazipur Ghat is a halt station situated 7 km from city. Tari Ghat station of ECR, Danapur Division near city approx. 10 km byroad connects Ghazipur to Mughalsarai by a routine passenger train. Dildarnagar ECR on Delhi-Patna-Howrah route and Aunrihar Jn (N.E. Railway) on Varanasi-Ghazipur and Varanasi-Gorakhpur route are important Junctions.

Railway Station--Ghazipur City Railway Station is the most important station in district. Dildarnagar Jn, Zamania and Aunrihar Jn also serves as good stations. Yusufpur, Sadat, Dullahpur, Jakhania and Ghazipur Ghat are others small stations which serves for a mass of population.Saidpur, Karimuddinpur, Gahmar, Nandganj are also some stations connected by routine trains between Varanasi-Ghazipur-Chappra route and Mughalsarai-Patna route. There is no major railway station in the district and mostly people are forced to go to nearby Buxar station. If the government can make the existing stations a bit more modern and major trains start having stoppages in them then it would become quite convenient for the local people. The production of rice, agriculture goods, furniture, leather, footwear, utensils, steel trunk, almirah, khandsari, candles and handlooms are the main small scale industry of the city.

Notable people

• Mangal Pandey
• Abdul Hamid
• Nazir Hussain, pitamah of Bhojpuri cinema
• Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
• Dr. Rahi Masoom Raza, Novelist
• Vinod Rai
• Kuber Nath Rai, Critic
• Viveki Rai, Writer

See also

• List of educational institutes in Ghazipur

References

1. "Ghazipur That is known as Gadhipuri". Ghazipur.nic.in. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
2. Yann Picand, Dominique Dutoit. "Ghazipur : definition of ghazipur and synonym of ghazipur (English)". Dictionary.sensagent.com. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
3. "Sarnath Buddhist Pilgrimage - Ticketed Monument - Archaeological Survey of India". Asi.nic.in. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
4. "Places of Interest of District Ghazipur". Ghazipur.nic.in. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
5. "Sir Syed Ahmad Khan | Books". Sirsyedtoday.org. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
6. "Technical Education & Research Institute". Teripgc.com. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
7. "Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (PDF). Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
8. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
9. Cite error: The named reference Paxman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
10. Cite error: The named reference ghosh was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
11. Bartholomew, Pablo. "Photo Essay on Cultivation of Opium in India". The Indian Economy Overview. {{cite web}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); |chapter= ignored (help); Missing or empty |url= (help)

• Cities and towns in Ghazipur district