| Revision as of 22:40, 12 July 2015 editCebr1979 (talk | contribs)10,843 edits Undid revision 671061578 by Crywalt (talk) Uhmm, you didn't "fix commas" you actually got rid of one that needs to be there.← Previous edit | Revision as of 19:57, 13 July 2015 edit undoCrywalt (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users4,699 edits Undid revision 671168025 by Cebr1979 (talk) Wrong. That's an extraneous comma. Tell me which one of these describes that comma: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/commas.htmNext edit → | ||
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| A concerted operation was underway to hide Jews among the local population, with various underground organizations preparing forged documents for Jews. Arondeus was a member of one such group, ] (Resistance Council), which also included openly lesbian cellist and conductor ] and typographer ], then curator at Amsterdam's ].<ref></ref> Within a short while, the Nazis began to expose the false documents by comparing the names with those in the local population registry. To hinder the Nazis, on March 27, 1943, Arondeus led a group in bombing the Amsterdam Public Records Office. Thousands of files were destroyed, and the attempt to compare forged documents with the registry was hindered. Within a week, Arondeus and the other members of the group were arrested. Twelve, including Arondeus, were executed that July by firing squad.<ref></ref> In his last message before his execution, Arondeus, who had lived openly as a gay man before the war, asked, "Let it be known that homosexuals are not cowards."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History|isbn=0415159830|publisher=Routledge|author=Lutz van Dijk|pages=34–35}}</ref> | A concerted operation was underway to hide Jews among the local population, with various underground organizations preparing forged documents for Jews. Arondeus was a member of one such group, ] (Resistance Council), which also included openly lesbian cellist and conductor ] and typographer ], then curator at Amsterdam's ].<ref></ref> Within a short while, the Nazis began to expose the false documents by comparing the names with those in the local population registry. To hinder the Nazis, on March 27, 1943, Arondeus led a group in bombing the Amsterdam Public Records Office. Thousands of files were destroyed, and the attempt to compare forged documents with the registry was hindered. Within a week, Arondeus and the other members of the group were arrested. Twelve, including Arondeus, were executed that July by firing squad.<ref></ref> In his last message before his execution, Arondeus, who had lived openly as a gay man before the war, asked, "Let it be known that homosexuals are not cowards."<ref>{{Cite book|title=Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History|isbn=0415159830|publisher=Routledge|author=Lutz van Dijk|pages=34–35}}</ref> | ||
| In 1945, after the liberation of the Netherlands, Arondeus was awarded a posthumous medal by the Dutch government and was reburied in ]. In addition, in 1984, he was awarded the ]; the delay in the award is believed to have been due to his sexual orientation. On 19 June 1986 |
In 1945, after the liberation of the Netherlands, Arondeus was awarded a posthumous medal by the Dutch government and was reburied in ]. In addition, in 1984, he was awarded the ]; the delay in the award is believed to have been due to his sexual orientation. On 19 June 1986 ] recognized Arondeus as ].<ref></ref> | ||
| ==Gallery== | ==Gallery== | ||
Revision as of 19:57, 13 July 2015
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| Willem Arondeus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Willem Johan Cornelis Arondeus (1894-08-22)August 22, 1894 Naarden |
| Died | July 1, 1943(1943-07-01) (aged 48) Haarlem |
| Citizenship | Dutch |
| Occupation(s) | Artist, writer |
| Known for | Member of the Dutch Resistance |
| Notable work | Matthijs Maris: de tragiek van den droom ('The Tragedy of the Dream') |
Willem Arondeus (22 August 1894 – 1 July 1943) was a homosexual Dutch artist and author, who joined the anti-Nazi resistance movement during World War II.
Biography
Early life
Willem Arondeus was born in Naarden, as the youngest son of an Amsterdam tradesman in fuels. His parents were Hendrik Cornelis Arondeus and Catharina Wilhelmina de Vries. He started working as an illustrator, designer of posters and tapestries and a painter. In 1923 he was commissioned to paint a large mural for Rotterdam City Hall. During that same period, he illustrated poems by J. H. Leopold, Pieter Cornelis Boutens and Martinus Nijhoff. He admired the older Dutch designer Richard Roland Holst, as can be seen in his work. He didn't attain much glory and lived in straitened circumstances.
About 1935, he gave up visual arts and became an author. The poems and stories he had written in the 1920s went unpublished, but in the year 1938 he published two novels, Het Uilenhuis ('The Owls House') and In de bloeiende Ramenas ('In the Blossoming Winter Radish'), both illustrated with designs by Arondeus himself. 1939 saw the publication of his best work, Matthijs Maris: de tragiek van den droom ('The Tragedy of the Dream'), a biography of the painter Matthijs Maris, who was a brother of the Dutch artists Jacob and Willem Maris. And two years later, Figuren en problemen der monumentale schilderkunst in Nederland ('Figures and Problems of Monumental Painting in the Netherlands') was published, again with designs by the author. At that date, however, Arondeus was already involved with the Dutch resistance movement.
Resistance movement
In the spring of 1941, he started an underground periodical in which he tried to incite his fellow artists to resist the Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. Earlier than others, Arondeus realized that the demand by the Nazi occupiers that all Jews register with the local authorities was not, as the Nazis claimed, for their own safety, but rather so they could be deported to the Westerbork concentration camp and from there to the death camps in occupied Poland. In the spring of 1942, Arondeus founded Brandarisbrief, an illegal periodical in which he expressed the artist’s opposition to the edicts imposed by the Reichskulturkammer (Reich Chamber of Culture), the Nazi's cultural committee. In 1943, Brandarisbrief merged with De Vrije Kunstenaar ("The Free Artist"), where sculptor Gerrit van der Veen was one of the editors. Together with composer Jan van Gilse and a number of other artists and intellectuals, the group called for mass resistance against the German occupation.
A concerted operation was underway to hide Jews among the local population, with various underground organizations preparing forged documents for Jews. Arondeus was a member of one such group, Raad van Verzet (Resistance Council), which also included openly lesbian cellist and conductor Frieda Belinfante and typographer Willem Sandberg, then curator at Amsterdam's Stedelijk Museum. Within a short while, the Nazis began to expose the false documents by comparing the names with those in the local population registry. To hinder the Nazis, on March 27, 1943, Arondeus led a group in bombing the Amsterdam Public Records Office. Thousands of files were destroyed, and the attempt to compare forged documents with the registry was hindered. Within a week, Arondeus and the other members of the group were arrested. Twelve, including Arondeus, were executed that July by firing squad. In his last message before his execution, Arondeus, who had lived openly as a gay man before the war, asked, "Let it be known that homosexuals are not cowards."
In 1945, after the liberation of the Netherlands, Arondeus was awarded a posthumous medal by the Dutch government and was reburied in Erebegraafplaats Bloemendaal. In addition, in 1984, he was awarded the Resistance Memorial Cross; the delay in the award is believed to have been due to his sexual orientation. On 19 June 1986 Yad Vashem recognized Arondeus as Righteous Among the Nations.
Gallery
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Salome, 1916
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Pencil drawing
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Calendar design for September, drawing, 1930-1931
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Calendar design for October, drawing, 1930-1931
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Calendar design for November, drawing, 1930-1931
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Calendar design for December, drawing, 1930-1931
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Design for a stamp, 1938
Biographies
- Dantzig, Rudi van: Het leven van Willem Arondéus 1894-1943: een documentaire. Amsterdam, 2003.
- Entrop, Marco: Onbekwaam in het compromis. Willem Arondéus, kunstenaar en verzetsstrijder. Amsterdam, 1993.
References
- Yad Vashem: The Righteous Among The Nations
- Joods Historisch Museum
- Yad Vashem: The Righteous Among The Nations
- Lutz van Dijk. Who's Who in Gay and Lesbian History. Routledge. pp. 34–35. ISBN 0415159830.
- Yad Vashem: The Righteous Among The Nations
External links
Categories:- 1894 births
- 1943 deaths
- People from Naarden
- 20th-century Dutch writers
- Dutch painters
- Dutch Resistance members
- Dutch Righteous Among the Nations
- Recipients of the Resistance Memorial Cross
- Resistance members killed by Nazi Germany
- Dutch people of World War II
- Gay artists
- Gay writers
- LGBT writers from the Netherlands
- Dutch people executed by firing squad
- People executed by Germany by firing squad
- Dutch people executed by Nazi Germany
- Deaths by firearm in the Netherlands