List of political conspiracies: Difference between revisions

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			] of 1605, by ].]]
	{{refimprove\|date=December 2006}}

	In a political sense, '''conspiracy''' refers to a group of people united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power. Typically, the final goal is to gain power through a revolutionary ] or through ].
			A '''political conspiracy''' is an agreement among two or more people to effect a political goal through some harmful or illegal act against a political leader, a sector of the populace, or a country's laws. The term is used variously within that general description.

			A conspiracy often involves secrecy, but there are major exceptions. In any case, secrecy is relative and not strictly necessary in the legal definition.<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/conspiracy\|title = Conspiracy - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary\|date = \|accessdate = February 4, 2015\|website = Merriam-Webster Dictionary\|publisher = Merriam-Webster, Incorporated\|last = \|first = }}</ref> The ], for example, was considered a "conspiracy" by the British, who were certainly aware of its existence though not of all details.<ref name=Gruber>{{cite journal\|last1=Gruber\|first1=Ira\|title=The American Revolution as a Conspiracy: The British View\|journal=The William and Mary Quarterly\|date=July 1969\|volume=26\|issue=3\|page=360\|pages=13\|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1918575\|accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref>

			As a term, political conspiracy has been used to describe plots by employees of the government (as in the ] or the ]), by people not so employed (as in the ]), or by a combination (as in ]). The word "conspiracy" has been applied to plots between the heads (or agents) of multiple nations to harm or embarrass some other nation not present (such as ]), but not usually to plots to declare conventional war on another country (as with the ]) or to conduct low level espionage (of which there have been uncountable instances). Provoking war by deception or trickery is often termed a conspiracy, as in the cases of the ] and the ].

			A conspiracy may be illegal but not harmful (as with ] and the ]), or harmful but not illegal (as with the ] and ]). A conspiracy may be committed by the government against the people or a sector of the population (as with ], ], and the ]).

			As with ], conspiracy does not require all conspirators to know all others in the same conspiracy -- in politics, numbers alone might make knowledge of all others impossible. Some conspiracies (such as the ] and the ]) deliberately limit the information available to any individual so that the damage is limited if the conspiracy is breached.

	A conspiracy is to be contrasted with a ]. The two are similar but have quite different connotations; in contrast to a cabal, a conspiracy usually looks to overthrow a fixed power instead of usurping it from within.		A conspiracy is to be contrasted with a ]. The two are similar but have quite different connotations; in contrast to a cabal, a conspiracy usually looks to overthrow a fixed power instead of usurping it from within.

			For each event listed here, scholarly sources are provided on the individual page to which the event name is linked. As with many Wiki lists, the purpose of this page is to provide a general reference rather than to substantiate or explain each incident in detail.

			The events listed here are selected for the following criteria:
			# Each is generally recognized to be true rather than speculative or controversial
			# Each meets the definition of political conspiracy given above
			# Each has been described in some detail elsewhere in the Misplaced Pages with scholarly references

	==Notable political conspiracies==		==Notable political conspiracies==
	{{dynamic list}}		{{dynamic list}}
			Dates are according to standard Christian dating system. A negative number in the '''Date''' column indicates BC. An asterisk indicates the activity is still ongoing. The "Auth" column is for noting primary (not necessarily all) sources that define the incident as a conspiracy. The "Name" column gives the name by which the incident is commonly known, linked to the Misplaced Pages page that details the event.]
	* 1st century BC - ] conspiracies<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Catilinarian Conspiracy\|url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/conspiracyofcatiline/ss/63-62-B-C-Cato-Cicero-And-The-Conspiracy-Of-Catiline.htm\|website=ancienthistory.about.com}}</ref>
			{\| class="wikitable sortable" font-size: 85%; width: auto; table-layout: fixed; line-height:100% "
	* 44 BC - ] plot ] to restore ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=The assassination of Julius Caesar, 44 BC\|url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/caesar2.htm\|website=eyewitnesstohistory.com\|date = 2004}}</ref>
			\|-
	* AD 65 - ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Pisonian Conspiracy\|url=http://www.nazoreans.com/pisonian_conspiracy.html\|website=nazoreans.com}}</ref>
			! Date
	* Late 15th century (1478) ], which included the Pope<ref>{{cite web \|title=The pazzi conspiracy\|url=http://www.palazzo-medici.it/mediateca/en/Scheda_Congiura_dei_Pazzi\|website=palazzo-medici.it}}</ref>
			!Auth!! Name \|\| Geography !! Leaders \|\| Action \|\| Alleged Objective \|\| Outcome
	* 1506 - ] against the life of the brothers ] and Cardinal ], coordinated by their half brother ] and full brother Ferrante d'Este<ref>{{cite web \|title=The year of Lucretia d'Este, Duchess of Ferrara\|url=http://www.mmdtkw.org/VLucretiad'Este.html\|website=mmdtkw.org}}</ref>
			\|-
	* 1570 - ] against ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Plots against Elizabeth I\|url=http://www.elizabethfiles.com/plots-against-elizabeth-i/3509/\|website=elizabethfiles.com\|date = 29 January 2010}}</ref>
			\|<nowiki>-336</nowiki>
	* 1583 - ] to murder Elizabeth and replace her with her cousin ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Queen Elisabeth I\|url=http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/eliz4.html\|website=englishhistory.net}}</ref>
			\|'''<ref>Dr. Laurence T. Stevens, "The Assassin Who Launched The Hellenistic Age" in Jane Trent (ed.) "Is History Made By Accident?"</ref>'''
	* 1586 - ], second major plot against Elizabeth, that led most directly to execution of Mary, Queen of Scots<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Babington Plot\|url=http://www.history-magazine.com/babington.html\|website=history-magazine.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Anthony Babington and the Babington Plot\|url=http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/babington.htm\|website=luminarium.org}}</ref>
			\|'''Assassination of ]'''
	* 1603 - ] to remove ] and enthrone ]
			\|]
	:— ], leads to the execution of ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Conspiracy\|url=http://www.alienscientist.com/conspiracy.html\|website=alienscientist.com}}</ref>
			\|] and friends, possibly encouraged by Philip's wife ] or son ]
	*1605 - ] to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament as prelude to a popular revolt in the Midlands, during which James's nine-year-old daughter, Princess Elizabeth, was to be installed as the Catholic head of state; often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot; origin of ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Gunpowder plot of 1605\|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/gunpowder_plot_of_1605.htm\|website=historylearningsite.co.uk}}</ref>
			\|Stabbed ] at the wedding of his daughter, ]
	* 1788 - ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Anjala Manor\|url=http://www.spottinghistory.com/view/181/anjala-manor/\|website=spottinghistory.com}}</ref>
			\|Personal vengeance for death of a friend and for making war against the ]
	* 1865 - ] plot, to include assassination of cabinet members<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Death of President Lincoln, 1865\|url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/lincoln.htm\|website=eyewitnesstohistory.com}}</ref>
			\|Success; ] died; assassin ] was killed by the King's bodyguards
	* 1898 - The ], a coordinated attempt to falsely accuse ] of treason<ref>{{cite web \|title=Emile Zola writes to Alfred Dreyfus at the height of the Dreyfus affair\|url=http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?emile-zola-dreyfus-affair\|website=shapell.org}}</ref>
			\|-
	* 1903 - '']'', presented as authentic text by the Tsar's secret police efforts to foment anti-Semitism<ref>{{cite web \| year = 2004 \| url = http://www.hoover.org/hila/judaica3.htm \| title = Jews and Politics in the Twentieth Century: From the Bund to the Rise of the Nazis \| work = Judaica in the Collections of the Hoover Institution Archives \| publisher = Hoover Institution, Stanford University \| accessdate = 2006-04-28 \|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060613200335/http://www.hoover.org/hila/judaica3.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> \|archivedate = 2006-06-13}}
			\| -70, -62
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Catilinarian Conspiracy\|url=http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/conspiracyofcatiline/ss/63-62-B-C-Cato-Cicero-And-The-Conspiracy-Of-Catiline.htm\|journal=http://ancienthistory.about.com}}</ref>'''
			\|]''' conspiracies'''
			\|]
			\|] with many friends and supporters
			\|Assassination, armed revolt against the Republic
			\|For some, to install Catiline as dictator of Rome
			\|Failure; ] defeated and killed in 62 BC
			\|-
			\| -33
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The assassination of Julius Caesar, 44 BC\|url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/caesar2.htm\|journal=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com\|date = 2004}}</ref>'''\|\|]\|\| ]\|\| ], ], ], 60 other senators ("Liberatores")\|\| Assassination of ] in the ]\|\|Restore the ] \|\| Failure; death of ], civil war; ] became an empire rather than a republic
			\|-
			\|33
			\|'''<ref>Eddy & Boyd (2007) ''The Jesus Legend: A Case for the Historical Reliability of the Synoptic Jesus Tradition'' Baker Academic, ISBN 0-8010-3114-1 page 127 states that it is now "firmly established" that there is non-Christian confirmation of the crucifixion of Jesus.</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Pontius Pilate; Judas Iscariot, Chief Priest __, scribes, Pharisees, Sadducees of the Sanhedrin
			\|Removal of ] from public scene in ]
			\|Avert ] retaliation; preserve hegemony of the ]
			\|Backfire; ] spread throughout ] area; Rome destroyed Jerusalem within a century
			\|-
			\| 65
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Pisonian Conspiracy\|url=http://www.nazoreans.com/pisonian_conspiracy.html\|journal=http://www.nazoreans.com}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ], Sulpicius Asper
			\|Assassination of ]
			\|In part, to install ] as emperor
			\|Failure; Piso killed
			\|-
			\|1455, 1487
			\|'''<ref>{{cite web\|title=War of the Roses\|url=http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/wars-of-the-roses\|website=History.com\|publisher=A&E Television Networks, LLC.}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Members of the ] and ] (two branches of ] family) and their supporters
			\|Every ] on the sitting king or his forces (see ]) was by definition, seditious conspiracy
			\|Capture (or recapture) the throne of ]
			\|Success; ] crowned after ], married ], uniting the ] family branches
			\|-
			\| 1478
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The pazzi conspiracy\|url=http://www.palazzo-medici.it/mediateca/en/Scheda_Congiura_dei_Pazzi\|journal=http://www.palazzo-medici.it}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|] (Italy)
			\|Members of the Pazzi family and supporters
			\|Attack on the Medici brothers during ] at the ] before a crowd of 10,000
			\|Displace the ]
			\|Failure and death of the conspirators
			\|-
			\|1485
			\|'''<ref>{{Cite web\|url = https://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/War_of_Roses.html\|title = The War of the Roses\|date = \|accessdate = February 6, 2015\|website = Dr. Wheeler's Website\|publisher = Carson-Newman College\|last = Wheeler\|first = L. Kip}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|title = Richard III and the Death of Chivalry\|last = Hipshon\|first = David\|publisher = The History Press\|year = 2009\|isbn = 978-0750950749\|location = Gloucestershire, England\|pages = 2}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ], ], ], and their followers, whom ] was relying upon as allies against ]
			\|In battle with ] forces, ] withheld his troops from the charge while ] and ] attacked and killed the ].
			\|Put the ] on the throne of ] (see ])
			\|Success; ] became ] of England; the ] were rewarded generously; ] was briefly imprisoned, then released and reinstated
			\|-
			\|1500, 1910
			\|'''<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Bell-Fialkoff\|first1=Andrew\|title=A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing\|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/48961/andrew-bell-fialkoff/a-brief-history-of-ethnic-cleansing\|website=foreignaffairs.com\|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations, Inc.\|accessdate=6 February 2015}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Predominantly ] people
			\|] peoples were exterminated first in incidental massacres, then as collision of cultures/races contesting land, finally as a quasi-government policy
			\|Presumably, possess the land without contest
			\|Success; ] cleansed of natives with the exception of ] ] and small ]

			\|-
			\|1506
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The year of Lucretia d'Este, Duchess of Ferrara\|url=http://www.mmdtkw.org/VLucretiad'Este.html\|journal=http://www.mmdtkw.org}}</ref>'''
			\|]''' ]'''
			\|](Italy)
			\|Half-brother ] and full brother Ferrante d'Este <ref>{{cite journal \|title=The year of Lucretia d'Este, Duchess of Ferrara\|url=http://www.mmdtkw.org/VLucretiad'Este.html\|journal=http://www.mmdtkw.org}}</ref>
			\|Death to ] and Cardinal ] (brothers)
			\|Vengeance, with one of the brothers taking the ] seat
			\|Failure, imprisonment of the conspiring brothers, death to the other conspirators
			\|-
			\|1526, 1865
			\|'''<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/\|title = Africans in America\|date = 1999\|accessdate = February 6, 2015\|website = Africans in America\|publisher = Public Broadcasting\|last = \|first = }}</ref>'''
			\|]]
			\|]]
			\|] people
			\|"Fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity"<ref> Telegraph. Retrieved September 21, 2011.</ref>
			\|Labor without pay
			\|Success until the ] abolished slavery throughout the ]
			\|-
			\|1526, 1840
			\|<ref>]</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Organized, unorganized, preplanned, and spontaneous illegal rebellions against owners
			\|Individual liberty
			\|Success in some, death and execution in others
			\|-
			\|1570
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Plots against Elizabeth I\|url=http://www.elizabethfiles.com/plots-against-elizabeth-i/3509/\|journal=http://www.elizabethfiles.com\|date = 29 January 2010}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] and]
			\|Revolt, assassinate ], replace her with ]
			\|Restore ] in ]
			\|Discovery and failure
			\|-
			\|1583
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Queen Elisabeth I\|url=http://englishhistory.net/tudor/monarchs/eliz4.html\|journal=http://englishhistory.net}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Sir ] and other ]
			\|Assassinate Queen Elizabeth, replace her with ]
			\|Restore ] in ]
			\|Failure
			\|-
			\|1586
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Babington Plot\|url=http://www.history-magazine.com/babington.html\|journal=http://www.history-magazine.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|title=Anthony Babington and the Babington Plot\|url=http://www.luminarium.org/encyclopedia/babington.htm\|journal=http://www.luminarium.org}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ], ], ], and ]
			\|Assassinate Queen Elizabeth, replace her with ]
			\|Restore ] in ]
			\|Failure, trial and execution of ]
			\|-
			\|1603
			\|<ref>Fiona Bengtsen, ''Sir William Waad, Lieutenant of the Tower, and the Gunpowder Plot'' (2005), p. 27; .
	</ref>		</ref>
			\|]
	* 1914 - The ], a secret society controlled by Serbian Military Intelligence, coordinates the ], thus causing ].
			\|]
	* 1932 to 1972 - ], to study natural progression of untreated syphilis in black men who thought they were receiving free health care<ref>{{cite web \|title=Final report of the Tuskegee Syphilis study legacy committee\|url=http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/badblood/report/\|website=exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu}}</ref>
			\|], ], ], and the ] government
	* 1936 to 1950 - Presumed ]<ref>Hodapp, Christopher L. and VonKannon, Alice, ''Conspiracy Theories & Secret Societies For Dummies,'' Wiley, 2008, ISBN 978-0-470-18408-0, p. 334</ref>
			\|Dethrone ] and replace him with ]
	*1938 - Presumed ], ] case in Moscow involving some 70 arrests and 40 executions of teenagers and adults, later found to be baseless<ref>Hans Schafranek, Natalia Musienko, in: Barry McLoughlin, Kevin McDermott (Eds.), ''Stalin's Terror: High Politics and Mass Repression in the Soviet Union''. Palgrave MacMillan (2003), p. 208ff. ISBN 1-4039-0119-8. Retrieved November 24, 2011</ref>
			\|Enthrone ], restore ]
	* 1939 - ] and its ], "]" ] by ] as pretext for ]
			\|Failure and imprisonment of conspirators
	:— ], "]" ] by ] as pretext for ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Operation Himmler\|url=http://911review.com/precedent/century/himmler.html\|website=911review.com}}</ref>
			\|-
	* 1943 - ], an attempt on ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Valkyrie Conspiracy\|url=http://valkyrie-plot.com/1943.html\|website=valkyrie-plot.com}}</ref>
			\|1603
	* 1941 - British wartime plan PR4 to invade and to occupy neutral Norway also code-named "'''Stratford'''"
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Conspiracy\|url=http://www.alienscientist.com/conspiracy.html\|journal=http://www.alienscientist.com}}</ref>'''
	* 1941 - Bombing of Pearl Harbour, Hawaii by the Japanese<ref>{{cite web \|title=1941: Japanese planes bomb Pearl Harbor\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/7/newsid_3494000/3494108.stm\|website=news.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Attack on Pearl Harbor\|url=http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/Attack-Pearl-Harbor.htm\|website=history1900s.about.com}}</ref>
			\|]
	* 1944 - ], attempt to assassinate Hitler with suitcase bomb, and then use ] to grab power<ref>{{cite web \|title=The 20 July bomb plot - a summary\|url=http://www.historyinanhour.com/2010/07/20/the-20-july-bomb-plot-summary/\|website=historyinanhour.com\|date = 20 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=The July bomb plot\|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/july_bomb_plot.htm\|website=historylearningsite.co.uk}}</ref>
			\|]
	* 1948- to 1976 - ], until then CIA director ] prohibited paid media recruiting<ref>{{cite web \|title=Operation Mockingbird\|url=http://www.mindinvasions.com/operation-mockingbird.html\|website=mindinvasions.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Operation Mockingbird exposed: congressional hearing proves the CIA controls mainstream media\|url=http://consciouslifenews.com/operation-mockingbird-exposed-congressional-hearing-proves-cia-controls-mainstream-media/#\|website=consciouslifenews.com}}</ref>
			\|] priests and ]
	* 1942 - ], related to ] of 3rd Reich Nazis<ref>{{cite web \|title=Wannsee Conference and the "Final Solution"\|url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005477\|website=ushmm.org}}</ref>
			\|Kidnap ]
	* 1945 - ], extraction of top Nazi scientists (incl. SS Nazi Party members)<ref>{{cite web \|title=Operation Paperclip by Annie Jacobsen\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/books/review/operation-paperclip-by-annie-jacobsen.html?_r=0\|website=nytimes.com\|date = 28 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=Operation Paperclip Casefile\|url=http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/project_paperclip.htm\|website=conspiracyarchive.com\|date = 8 August 1997}}</ref>
			\|Restore ], ]
	* 1948 to early 1980s ] CIA-NATO 'stay-behind' preparations<ref>{{cite web \|title=Operation Gladio\|url=http://www.thejohnfleming.com/gladio.html\|website=thejohnfleming.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Operation Gladio\|url=https://campusdiaries.com/stories/operation-gladio\|website=campusdiaries.com\|date = 14 May 2013}}</ref>
			\|Failure, execution of Sir ]
	* 1953 to ? - ] ] program<ref>{{cite web \|title="On this day" 1953: U.S. begins project MK- Ultra mind control experiments\|url=http://morallowground.com/2011/04/13/on-this-day-1953-u-s-begins-project-mk-ultra-mind-control-experiments/\|website=morallowground.com\|date = 13 April 2011}}</ref>
			\|-
	* 1953 - ] Anglo-American conspiracy under the names of 'Operation Ajax' (] ) and 'Operation Boot' (MI6)<ref>{{cite web \|title=Operation Ajax: CIA, Muhammad Mossadeq, and the Shah of Iran\|url=http://www.coldwar.org/articles/50s/OperationAjax.asp\|website=coldwar.org}}</ref>
			\|1605
	* 1954 - ] Operation Susannah, "]" ] by ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Israel Military Intelligence: The Lavon Affair\|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/lavon.html\|website=jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Gunpowder plot of 1605\|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/gunpowder_plot_of_1605.htm\|journal=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk}}</ref>'''
	* 1960s - ] allusion to attempts to assassinate ], called Project CHERRY
			\|]
	* 1962 - ] - A rejected proposal for the CIA to commit acts of terrorism in U.S. cities and elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Operation NorthWoods\|url=http://whatreallyhappened.com/WRHARTICLES/northwoods.html\|website=whatreallyhappened.com}}</ref>
			\|]
	* 1968 - The ], French Secret Service ] plot destabilise future president ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Pompidou dans la tourmente\|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/justice/pompidou-dans-la-tourmente_476094.html\|website=lexpress.fr\|date = 26 July 2007}}</ref>
			\|], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], others
	* 1969 to 1972 ], and ] in Cambodia, concealed from ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=The history place\|url=http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1969.html\|website=historyplace.com}}</ref>
			\|Blow up the ] during the State ], assassinate ]
	* 1972 - ], burglary and cover-up scandals<ref>{{cite web \|title=What was the Watergate Scandal?\|url=http://uspolitics.about.com/od/presidenc1/a/what_watergate.htm\|website=uspolitics.about.com}}</ref>
			\|Crown ], restore ]
	* 1982 Brighton Bombings<ref>{{cite web \|title=Hunger strikes and the Brighton bomb\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/northern_ireland/history/68779.stm\|website=news.bbc.co.uk\|date = 18 March 1999}}</ref>
			\|Failure, execution of conspirators
	* 1982 - ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=The fighting solidarity organization\|url=http://www.sw.org.pl/wizytowka-en.html\|website=sw.org.pl}}</ref>
			\|-
	* ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=A strange but true tale of voter fraud and bioterrorism\|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/a-strange-but-true-tale-of-voter-fraud-and-bioterrorism/372445/\|website=theatlantic.com\|date = 10 June 2014}}</ref>
			\|1610, *
	* 1987 - ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=The Iran Contra Affair 1986-1987\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/iran.htm\|website=washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Iran contra affair\|url=http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/iran-contra-affair.html\|website=infoplease.com}}</ref>
			\|<ref name=everything2>{{cite web\|url=http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node=Black%20Chamber \|title=Black Chamber \|publisher=Everything2 \|date=2001-01-14 \|accessdate=2012-12-24}}</ref>
	:— Various ] involvements in overseas ]
			\|]''' (see also ])'''
	* 1991 - ] to rally U.S. public support to launch the Gulf War<ref>{{cite web \|title=How PR sold the war in the persian gulf\|url=http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html\|website=prwatch.org}}</ref>
			\|]
	* 1967 to 1974 - ] theory in re series of incidents in Italy<ref>{{cite web \|title= The strategy of tension: A tactic to divide, manipulate and control people\|url=http://www.intrepidreport.com/archives/9860\|website=intrepidreport.com\|date = 16 June 2013}}</ref>
			\|Various ] government bureaux
	* 2000s - Operation Merlini<ref>{{cite web \|title=Le crime en héritage\|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/magazine/grand-angle/le-crime-en-heritage-06-03-2014-3648901.php\|website=leparisien.fr\|date = 6 March 2014}}</ref>
			\|Letters of targets were opened and read by public officials, then resealed and forwarded to recipients. Done in secret so the recipients were unaware
	* 2002 - ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Downing Street Memos - What are they? What do they mean?\|url=http://usliberals.about.com/od/homelandsecurit1/p/DowningStreet1.htm\|website=usliberals.about.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=The secret way to war\|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2005/jun/09/the-secret-way-to-war/\|website=nybooks.com\|date = 9 June 2005}}</ref>
			\|''Not articulated or not known''
	* 2001 successful conspiracy by ] to ]
			\|Success, denounced occasionally but never actually outlawed
	* 2002 ] to justify Iraq invasion
			\|-
	:— ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Spinning out of control\|url=http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article3942.htm\|website=informationclearinghouse.info}}</ref>
			\|1690, 1860
	* 2003 - ] pretext for ]<ref>{{cite web \|title=Spinning out of control\|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2003/06/wmd-j21.html\|website=wsws.org\|date= 21 June 2003}}</ref>
			\|<ref name="afroamhistory">Vox, Lisa, , ''African-American History'', About.com, Retrieved July 17, 2011.</ref>
			\|]
			\|]]]
			\|], many anonymous
			\|Illegally assist ] to various refuges through a network of ] and secret routes
			\|Florida before 1776, ], free states, territories, ]
			\|Success, with allegedly more than 30,000 escapees
			\|-
			\|1765, 1783
			\|<ref>A Look Back ... Intelligence and the Committee of Secret Correspondence. CIA May 19, 12. https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2011-featured-story-archive/intelligence-and-the-committee-of-secret-correspondence.html</ref><ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Gruber\|first1=Ira\|title=The American Revolution as a Conspiracy: The British View\|journal=The William and Mary Quarterly\|date=July 1969\|volume=26\|issue=3\|page=360\|pages=13\|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1918575\|accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|France; signatories to the 1776 ]; ] and ]; thousands of others
			\|Pamphlets, speeches, demonstrations such as the ]; though much activity was public, ]
			\|Independence from ]
			\|Success
			\|-
			\|1783
			\|<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Kohn\|first1=Richard\|title=Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783-1802\|date=1975\|publisher=Free Press\|isbn=978-0029175514\|page=17\|pages=23\|edition=First\|url=http://www.amazon.com/Eagle-Sword-Federalists-Establishment-1783-1802/dp/0029175518/ref=sr_1_1\|accessdate=27 February 2015}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]]
			\|], officers of the ]
			\|Not disband on peace with Britain, and possibly desert ] command if not paid
			\|Insist on back pay and pension as promised
			\|Conciliation with General ], faith in ] restored
			\|-
			\|1788
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Anjala Manor\|url=http://www.spottinghistory.com/view/181/anjala-manor/\|journal=http://www.spottinghistory.com}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Group of ] military officers
			\|Secretly negotiate peace with ] of ]
			\|End ]'s ]<nowiki/>with Russia, secession of ]
			\|Failure, execution of conspirators, division of ] from ]
			\|-
			\|1859
			\|<ref>{{cite book\|last=Taylor\|first=Marian\|title=Harriet Tubman: Antislavery Activist\|year=2004\|edition=New\|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers\|isbn=978-0-7910-8340-6\|pages=68–69}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], 21 others
			\|Raided ], captured weapons
			\|Inspire slave uprising throughout the ]
			\|Short term failure, ] captured, ] was hung; Long term] became icon of ]
			\|-
			\|1865
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Death of President Lincoln, 1865\|url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/lincoln.htm\|journal=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ], ], and ]
			\|] ] ], ] ], and ]]
			\|Revive ] cause
			\|Death of ], otherwise failure
			\|-
			\|1865
			\|<ref name=SPLC_History>{{cite book\|author1=Klanwatch Project\|title=Ku Klux Klan: a History of Racism and Violence\|date=2011\|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center\|location=Montgomery, Alabama\|page=15\|edition=Sixth\|url=http://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publication/Ku-Klux-Klan-A-History-of-Racism.pdf\|accessdate=16 December 2014\|ref=SPLC_History\|format=Pamphlet}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Many thousands
			\|Violence against African Americans and sympthizers; secret membership
			\|Prevention of racial and social mixing of races
			\|Failure, prosecution of many; disbanded in 1869, reborn 1920, presently reborn and decentralized
			\|-
			\| 1898
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Emile Zola writes to Alfred Dreyfus at the height of the Dreyfus affair\|url=http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?emile-zola-dreyfus-affair\|journal=http://www.shapell.org}}</ref>'''
			\| ]
			\| ]
			\| ]
			\|Falsely prosecute Captain ] for treason with ] \|\| Conceal ]'s treason \|\| Prison for ], but eventual vindication, Esterhazy eventually exposed
			\|-
			\|1900, *
			\|<ref name=Brodeur>{{cite book\|author=Paul Brodeur\|title=Outrageous Misconduct: The Asbestos Industry on Trial\|edition=1st\|publisher=Pantheon Books\|year=1985\|isbn=0-394-53320-8}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|All industrial nations incl. ]
			\|Multiple governments, industrial corporations, trade groups, and ] companies
			\|] hazards were long known but hidden from workers; regulation was blocked, ] claims denied
			\|Utility and profits of cheap ] materials
			\|] continues, thousands of victim deaths per year, regulation blocked, ] still in use
			\|-
			\|1900, *
			\|<ref>, by Rachel Rubin, Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture, 8(2) (2001) 145–148</ref>
			\|]
			\|], ]
			\|], ], ], ], and others
			\|The activities of ] become political when the individuals contribute money to ] and use Israel's ] to ]
			\|The profits of crime without prosecution
			\|Success
			\|-
			\|1903
			\|'''<ref>{{cite web \| year = 2004 \| url = http://www.hoover.org/hila/judaica3.htm \| title = Jews and Politics in the Twentieth Century: From the Bund to the Rise of the Nazis \| work = Judaica in the Collections of the Hoover Institution Archives \| publisher = Hoover Institution, Stanford University \| accessdate = 2006-04-28 \|archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060613200335/http://www.hoover.org/hila/judaica3.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> \|archivedate = 2006-06-13}}
			</ref>'''
			\| ]
			\| ]\|\| The Russian Secret Police (alleged) \|\|Publish book falsely purporting to be manual of ] conspiracy \|\| Foment ]\|\| Established a perpetual rumor/legend of ] against ]
			\|-
			\|1913, 2005
			\|<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Durney\|first1=James\|title=The Volunteer: Uniforms, Weapons and History of the Irish Republican Army 1913-1997\|date=2004\|publisher=Gaul House\|isbn=9780954918071}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Various, as many as 14,500 people, including agents working for British Army, Special Branch, and MI5<ref>{{Cite web\|title = UK agents 'worked with NI paramilitary killers' - BBC News\|url = http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-32887445\|accessdate = 2015-05-28\|website = BBC News\|date = 28 May 2015\|publisher = ]}}</ref>
			\|Assassinations, murders, bombs, maimings, other violence
			\|Unite the whole of ] in a single nation independent of ]
			\|Failure, d] in 1921 after ]; ] 1922-1969; reformed as ]
			\|-
			\| 1914
			\|<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Albertini\|first1=Luigi\|title=Origins of the War of 1914 II\|date=1953\|publisher=Oxford University Press\|location=Cambridge, MA\|isbn=OCLC 16871\|pages=27–28; 79}}</ref>
			\| ]\|\| ]\|\| The ], a secret society controlled by ]\|\|Assassinate the ] \|\| Unite the territories with majority ] people \|\| Death of the ] and ]
			\|-
			\|1915, 1919
			\|<ref>{{Citation\|first1=Hans-Lukas\|last1=Kieser\|first2=Dominik J.\|last2=Schaller\|language=German\|title=Der Völkermord an den Armeniern und die Shoah\|trans_title=The Armenian genocide and the Shoah\|publisher=Chronos\|year=2002\|isbn=3-0340-0561-X\|page=114}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Massacre, starve, rape, work victims to death, inject with disease
			\|Eradicate unwanted people including ], ], ethnic Christians
			\|Success; 1 to 1.5 million killed
			\|-
			\|1917
			\|<ref>]. '''' ], 2007 ISBN 1-4000-4005-1 </ref>
			\|'''Murder of ], his wife, and all their children'''
			\|]
			\|], Communist soldiers, local Bolsheviks
			\|Abduct, assassinate, and bury the bodies in an unmarked grave
			\|Solidify ]
			\|Success
			\|-
			\|1917, 1933
			\|<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=oabtAAAAMAAJ&q=Shane+O'Rourke&dq=Shane+O'Rourke&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VN9sT_aZAYPg0QH2r7DaBg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAA \|title=The Cossacks - Shane O'Rourke - Google Books \|publisher=Books.google.com \|date= \|accessdate=2014-03-01}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] government
			\|Extermination of the ], either as an ethnic group or social class
			\|(Presumed) homogenization of ] society
			\|Success
			\|-
			\|1926, 1928
			\|<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Swire\|first1=Joseph\|title=Bulgarian conspiracy\|date=1938\|publisher=R. Hale\|pages=356}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ], ],
			\|Assassination of a ] official Velimir Prelić
			\|Freedom for ]
			\|Successful assassination, ] not freed
			\|-
			\|1932, 1972
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Final report of the Tuskegee Syphilis study legacy committee\|url=http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu/badblood/report/\|journal=http://exhibits.hsl.virginia.edu}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|], ]
			\|Many employees of the ] and ] knew or participated
			\|Hundreds of ] ] denied diagnosis and treatment for ], left to suffer and die miserably
			\|Study of the progress of untreated ]
			\|Success for 40 years; upon general exposure, termination of the ], multiple reforms of laws and agencies
			\|-
			\|1933
			\|<ref>{{Cite book\|title = The Corporate State and the Broker State: The Du Ponts and American National Politics, 1925–1940.\|last = Burk\|first = Robert F.\|publisher = Harvard University Press\|year = 1990\|isbn = 0-674-17272-8\|location = \|pages = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Heads of ], ], ], ], ], Senator ]
			\|Recruit ] to overthrow government of President ]
			\|Install ] dictatorship over the ]
			\|Failure; no action was taken and no one was prosecuted
			\|-
			\|1933, 1945
			\|<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Hoffmann\|first1=Peter\|title="The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945"\|date=1996\|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press\|location=Montreal, Canada\|isbn=0-7735-1531-3\|page=xiii}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Multiple small, isolated groups, generally leaderless
			\|Some actively plotted or attempted to assassinate ], some to thwart the roundups for the camps, some to stop the war
			\|Overthrow the ] regime, end the atrocities, end the war
			\|Failure
			\|-
			\|1939
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Operation Himmler\|url=http://911review.com/precedent/century/himmler.html\|journal=http://911review.com}}</ref>'''
			\|'''1939 Shelling of ]'''
			\|]
			\|] and the ]
			\|] (Russia) ] shelled the Russian village of ] pretending to be attacked by ]
			\|] pretext for ] against ]
			\|Success; public support for the ]
			\|-
			\|1939
			\|<ref name="Himmler">], ], ''Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career'', Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2007, ISBN 1-60239-178-5, </ref>
			\|]''' and the ]'''
			\|]
			\|], ], and ] military
			\|Simulate an attack by ] military, with ] and uniforms
			\|Provide pretext for ] to invade ]
			\|Success, though not hidden from history
			\|-
			\|1939, 1945
			\|<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Moran\|first1=Daniel\|last2=Waldron\|first2=Arthur\|title=The People in Arms: Military Myth and National Mobilization since the French Revolution\|date=2009\|publisher=Cambridge University Press\|location=Cambridge, UK\|isbn=978-0-521-81432-4\|page=239}}</ref>
			\|]''' / French Underground'''
			\|]
			\|Multiple isolated groups and small cells
			\|] attacks on the ] and ] collaborators, ], spy for the ], help isolated ] soldiers and airmen
			\|Liberate ] from ] occupation
			\|Success; considered to be of significant assistance to the ] in winning the ] against the ]
			\|-
			\|1940
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Valkyrie Conspiracy\|url=http://valkyrie-plot.com/1943.html\|journal=http://valkyrie-plot.com}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], Major General ] and an ], the ''Schwarze Kapelle'' ("black band")
			\|Assassinate ] by means of a bomb on his aircraft
			\|Overthrow the ] regime, end the war
			\|Discovery and failure
			\|-
			\|1941, 1944
			\|<ref>{{Cite book\|title = Inside Hitler's Greece: The Experience of Occupation, 1941-44\|last = Mazower\|first = Mark\|publisher = Yale University Press\|year = 2001\|isbn = 978-0-300-08923-3.\|location = United States\|pages = 137}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ], ], and other strongly armed groups.
			\|] attacks, ]
			\|Liberation of ] from the ] occupation forces.
			\|Failure; internecine ] between the groups even while occupied by ]; enmity with ] troops;
			\|-
			\|1942
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Wannsee Conference and the "Final Solution"\|url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005477\|journal=http://www.ushmm.org}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Senior officials of ] ]
			\|Exterminate the "inferior" people of the ] and occupied countries, including ], ], and ]
			\|Cleanse the body politic of unwanted elements and the race through ]
			\|Partial success
			\|-
			\|1942
			\|<ref>{{cite book\|last1=McNab\|first1=Chris\|title=The SS: 1923–1945\|date=2009\|publisher=Amber Books\|location=London\|isbn=978-1-906626-48-8\|pages=41, 158-161}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], local agents and ]
			\|Assassinate ''General der Polizei'' ]
			\|Confer legitimacy on ] government-in-exile in ]
			\|Success
			\|-
			\|1944
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The July bomb plot\|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/july_bomb_plot.htm\|journal=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Dissidents of the ] and others
			\|Assassinate ] with suitcase bomb inside the ] field headquarters
			\|] to grab power and negotiate peace with the ]
			\|Failure, arrest of 7,000 conspirators, execution of 4,980
			\|-
			\|1945
			\|'''<ref name=":0">{{cite journal \|title=Operation Paperclip Casefile\|url=http://www.conspiracyarchive.com/NWO/project_paperclip.htm\|journal=http://www.conspiracyarchive.com\|date = 8 August 1997}}</ref>'''
			\|]''' /'''
			'''(])'''
			\|], ], ]
			\|] (JIOA)
			\|Forge documents, expunge national records; evade ] orders
			\|Hide desired ], ] ] from ] and ]; deny recovery to native countries
			\|Success; 1500 ] and many ] hidden from prosecution, many immigrated
			\|-
			\|1945, *
			\|<ref name=NSA-SSC1976-04-23>{{citation \| author = Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities \| title = Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence activities and the Rights of Americans: National Security Agency Surveillance Affecting Americans \| date = April 23, 1976 \| url = http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/churchfinalreportIIIj.htm}}</ref><ref name = "Hersh1974"/>
			\|]'''
			\|]
			\|], ], ], ] (AFSA) (later named ] NSA), ], ], ], ] (BNDD), ] (DoD)
			\|Intercept, copy incoming, outgoing, and transiting telegrams for thousands of targets without warrant or court order
			\|''Not articulated or not known''
			\|Success until investigated by the ] and passage of ]; reborn with ]
			\|-
			\|1946, *
			\|<ref>{{cite book\|last1=Hamilton-Merritt\|first1=Jane\|title=Tragic Mountains\|date=1999\|publisher=Indiana University Press\|location=Indiana\|isbn=9780253207562\|pages=337-460\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWIj5Q8l08wC&lpg=PP1&dq=Jane%20Hamilton-Merritt&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=Jane%20Hamilton-Merritt&f=false\|accessdate=4 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\| url=http://www.unpo.org/article/5095\| author=Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization\| accessdate=20 April 2011\|title=WGIP: Side event on the Hmong Lao, at the United Nations}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ] army
			\|Attack, rape, massacre, bomb, destroy means of life
			\|Vengeance, ethnic cleansing
			\|Success, more than 100,000 killed<ref name="Statistics of Democide"> Rudolph Rummel</ref>
			\|-
			\|1948, 1982
			\|<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Operation Gladio\|url=http://www.thejohnfleming.com/gladio.html\|journal=http://www.thejohnfleming.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|title=Operation Gladio\|url=https://campusdiaries.com/stories/operation-gladio\|journal=https://campusdiaries.com\|date = 14 May 2013}}</ref>
			\|]''', Stay-behind preparations'''
			\|]
			\|], ], ] (CCWU)
			\|Leave covert ] agents and forces in neutral and ] countries after the ]
			\|Prepare for invasion from Warsaw Pact; see ]
			\|Success; undetected for decades
			\|-
			\|1948, *
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Operation Mockingbird\|url=http://www.mindinvasions.com/operation-mockingbird.html\|journal=http://www.mindinvasions.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|title=Operation Mockingbird exposed: congressional hearing proves the CIA controls mainstream media\|url=http://consciouslifenews.com/operation-mockingbird-exposed-congressional-hearing-proves-cia-controls-mainstream-media/#\|journal=http://consciouslifenews.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book\|title = The Mighty Wurlitzer\|last = Wilford\|first = Hugh\|publisher = Harvard University Press\|year = 2009\|isbn = 978-0674032569\|location = \|pages = complete}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|], elsewhere
			\|] (CIA) employees ], ], ] and many others
			\|Plant agents on news staff; shape news through blackmail, bribes, and "dirty tricks;" plant pre-written articles; fund groups and publications
			\|Manipulate national and foreign policy, hide ] illegal activities
			\|Success; exposed by ''] ''in 1966'', ''some books, ], but not terminated; possibly still active
			\|-
			\|1950, 1977
			\|<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/29/oscar-lopez-rivera-protest-puerto-rico_n_3354462.html</ref>
			\|]
			\|], Continental ]
			\|]''', '''], ], ], and many others
			\|] against the ], firing on ] from the gallery, demonstrations
			\|] independence from ]
			\|Failure, prison for the conspirators
			\|-
			\|1952, 1973
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/434/937/1416946/\|title = Avery v. United States, 434 F. Supp. 937 (D. Conn 1977) - Justia\|date = June 15, 1977\|accessdate = 19 March 2015\|website = Justia US Law\|publisher = Justia Company\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]''' / SRPOINTER'''
			\|]
			\|] (CIA)
			\|Intercept and open mail for targeted individuals such as ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
			\|Originally, collect names from mail to/from ], ]; later record content
			\|Unknown
			\|-
			\|1953, *
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title="On this day" 1953: U.S. begins project MK- Ultra mind control experiments\|url=http://morallowground.com/2011/04/13/on-this-day-1953-u-s-begins-project-mk-ultra-mind-control-experiments/\|journal=http://morallowground.com\|date = 13 April 2011}}</ref><ref name = "Hersh1974"/>'''
			\|]''' ] program'''
			\|]
			\|], ],
			cooperating psychiatrists, and others
			\|Illegally and secretly perform ] experiments on human subjects, usually without consent
			\|Develop ] drugs and methods for ] and ]
			\|Unknown
			\|-
			\|1953
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Operation Ajax: CIA, Muhammad Mossadeq, and the Shah of Iran\|url=http://www.coldwar.org/articles/50s/OperationAjax.asp\|journal=http://www.coldwar.org}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://rt.com/usa/iran-coup-cia-operation-647/\|title = CIA finally admits it masterminded Iran’s 1953 coup\|date = August 19, 2013\|accessdate = 16 April 2015\|website = RT News\|publisher = TV-Novosti\|last = \|first = }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book\|title = Conspiracy Theories in the United States and the Middle East: A Comparative Approach\|last = Butter\|first = Michael\|publisher = Walter de Gruyter\|year = 2014\|isbn = 9783110338270\|location = \|pages = \|page = 26\|last2 = Reinkowski\|first2 = Maurus\|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Yt3mBQAAQBAJ&lpg=PA68&ots=R3zH2N6i8Z&dq=Operation%20Ajax%20conspiracy&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q=Operation%20Ajax%20conspiracy&f=false}}</ref>
			\|]''' / Operation Boot / 28 Mordad coup / ] '''/ '''''TPAJAX'' Project'''
			\|]
			\|] ], ] ]
			\|Bribe Iranian politicians, security and army high-ranking officials; promote coup with propaganda; promote riots with bribes to gangsters; put CIA soldiers on the ground to control the city; arm and direct rebel forces
			\|Overthrow ] democratically elected ] ] and install puppet ] (the "]") to provide ] with unrestricted access to Iran's oil reserves
			\|Success for 26 years
			\|-
			\|1954
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Israel Military Intelligence: The Lavon Affair\|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/lavon.html\|journal=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>'''
			\|]''', Operation Susannah'''
			\|]
			\|Colonel ], but he blamed ] Defense Minister ], who was probably innocent but was forced to resign
			\|Bomb Egyptian, American, and British-owned civilian targets, cinemas, libraries and educational centers (not persons); other acts of sabotage under a ]
			\|Implicate ], ] ], "malcontents," prevent British troop withdrawal from ] zone
			\|Failure; imprisonment, death for bombers, long term discredit to ], upset in ] government
			\|-
			\|1954, 1996
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB4/\|title = CIA and Assassinations: The Guatemala 1954 Documents\|date = 2011\|accessdate = 29 April 2015\|website = National Security Archive\|publisher = National Security Archive, The George Washington University\|last = Doyle\|first = Kate\|last2 = Kornbluh\|first2 = Peter}}</ref>
			\|]''' / ''']
			\|]
			\|] (CIA)
			\|]
			\|Monopolize agriculture under ], military control of ]
			\|Success; brutal dictatorship installed; genocide of ] people
			\|-
			\|1956, 1971?
			\|<ref>"The Black Panther Toll is Now 28," ''New York Times'', ''The Week in Review,'' 7 Dec 1969, p.E4</ref><ref>Brown, Elaine. ''A Taste of Power: A Black Woman’s Story.'' (New York: Doubleday, 1992, pp204-06</ref> <ref></ref> <ref name = "Hersh1974"/>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] (FBI)
			\|"Survey, expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, neutralize, or ... eliminate" domestic target groups and their leaders
			\|Steer ] national policy, subvert or eliminate political opposition
			\|Success
			\|-
			\|1958, *
			\|<ref>]</ref>
			\|''']'''
			\|]
			\|Perpetrators mostly unknown
			\|Almost ceaseless attacks by paramilitary non-governmental groups: ]; ]; ]; ]; ]; ];
			\|Pro-], anti-Muslim, pro-], anti-], etc. (Violence by Israel not included here because legal under Israeli law)
			\|Failure; no one wins, everyone loses, and it never ends
			\|-
			\|1959
			\|<ref name="Sparticus">{{cite web\|last1=Simkin\|first1=John\|title=Operation 40\|url=http://spartacus-educational.com/JFKoperation40.htm\|website=Spartacus Educational\|publisher=Spartacus Educational Publishers Ltd.\|accessdate=29 April 2015}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]]
			\|], ], ], ], ], ], 80+ more
			\|] to organize, train, and equip ] refugees as a ] force; sabotage, attacks bombs
			\|Overthrow ]'s ] ] government
			\|Failure; reborn as ]
			\|-
			\|1960, 1961
			\|<ref name="ac">], '']'', 1999, Mariner Books, ISBN 0-618-00190-5, ISBN 978-0-618-00190-3.</ref><ref name="dw">], ''The Assassination of Lumumba'', Trans. by Ann Wright and Renée Fenby, 2002 (Orig. 2001), London; New York: Verso, ISBN 1-85984-410-3.</ref> <ref>{{cite news \|title=Belgium Confronts Its Heart of Darkness\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/21/arts/belgium-confronts-its-heart-darkness-unsavory-colonial-behavior-congo-will-be.html?pagewanted=1\|agency=NYT \|newspaper=New York Times \|date=21 September 2002\|page=9}}</ref><ref name="blum">{{cite book\|last1=Blum\|first1=William\|title=Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Intervention Since World War II\|date=1995\|publisher=Zed Books Ltd.\|location=London\|isbn=1-84277-369-0\|pages=156-162}}</ref>
			\|'''Assassination of ]'''
			\|]
			\|], ] (]), ] (]), according to the ]<ref name="blum"/>
			\|Assassinate Lumumba, first democratically elected prime minister of the Congo
			\|Obstruct ]
			\|Success
			\|-
			\|1961
			\|<ref name="Sparticus"/>
			\|]''' / Operation Zapata / ]'''
			\|]
			\|] (CIA), Cuban exiles, ], ]
			\|Invade ], overthrow ] government of ]
			\|Reverse the ] of 1959 and its effects
			\|Failure, embarrassment of ] and ]
			\|-
			\|1961, 1983
			\|'''<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.reocities.com/larryjodaniel/17.html\|title = CIA Rogue Operation Cherry\|date = \|accessdate = January 29, 2015\|website = Larry Jo Daniels\|publisher = Golden Coast Publishing\|last = Daniels\|first = Larry}}</ref>'''
			\|'''Project CHERRY'''
			\|]
			\|], using ] ] soldiers for ], who were in turn using soldiers from the ] ] Movement.
			\|Assassinate Prince (later King) ], and other terror operations
			\|Destabilize ] society
			\|Failure
			\|-
			\|1962
			\|'''<ref>Jim Wolf, ''Reuters'', 18 November 1997.</ref><ref name=feinsilber1>Mike Feinsilber, ''Associated Press'' (''AP''), 18 November 1997; also available .</ref> <ref name=weiner>Tim Weiner, '']'', 19 November 1997; appeared on the same date and by the same author in the ''New York Times'' itself as '''</ref>
			\|]''' / Mongoose / Bingo'''
			\|]
			\|] (DoD) and the ] (JCS)
			\|Acts of ] in US cities and elsewhere, including shooting down a US airliner, to be blamed on the new ] (]) government of ] (] operations)
			\|Described in memo ''Justification for U.S. Military Intervention in Cuba'', includes sequence of "reprisals" of ]
			\|Failure; ] disapproved the plot and nothing was done; Kennedy removed ] as ] Chairman
			\|-
			\|1962
			\|<ref name=feinsilber1>Mike Feinsilber, ''Associated Press'' (''AP''), 18 November 1997; also available .</ref><ref name=weiner>Tim Weiner, '']'', 19 November 1997; appeared on the same date and by the same author in the ''New York Times'' itself as late edition—final, section A, pg. 25, column 1.</ref>
			\|]''' / ]'''
			\|]
			\|Brig. Gen. William H. Craig, Brig. ]
			\|If the 1962 space flight Mercury (carrying ]) crashed, ] (]) would be blamed
			\|Invade ] with ] popular support
			\|Failure; ] disapproved, and the plot was done; ]'s mission did not crash
			\|-
			\|1963
			\|<ref>{{cite web\|last1=U.S House of Representatives\|first1=Select Committee on Assassinations\|title=Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives\|url=http://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/\|website=National Archives\|publisher=US Government\|accessdate=5 March 2015}}</ref>
			\|''']'''
			\|]
			\|I.A. Lee Harvey Oswald, other or others unknown
			\|Assassination of the sitting president of the ]
			\|''Not articulated or not known''
			\|Success
			\|-
			\|1963, 1970
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://vigile.net/archives/01-1/flq-citizen.html\|title = Trudeau exaggerated FLQ crisis\|date = 6 January 2001\|accessdate = 30 April 2015\|website = Vigile.Québec (The Ottawa Citizen)\|publisher = Vigile.Québec\|last = Wallace\|first = Bruce}}</ref>
			\|'''] / FLQ'''
			\|]
			\|], Robert Hudon, ], Cyr Delisle, ], Marcel Tardif, François Schirm, Edmond Guenette, and others unknown
			\|Kidnapped ], assassinated Labour Minister ], killed 8 others with bombs, injured many; bombed ]
			\|]; force ] to separate from ]
			\|Failure, imprisonment for some
			\|-
			\|1964
			\|<ref>{{Cite journal\|url = http://www.usni.org/magazines/navalhistory/2008-02/truth-about-tonkin\|title = The Truth About Tonkin\|last = Paterson\|first = Pat\|date = February 2008\|journal = Naval History Magazine\|access-date = 30 April 2015\|publisher = U.S. Naval Institute\|volume = 22\|issue = 1}}</ref>
			\|]''' / USS Maddox Incident'''
			\|], ]
			\|President ], ], others
			\|Turned a false report of ] attack on ] ship in the ] into authorization for war against ], did not issue public retraction or stand down when report was proved to be false
			\|] to prevent ] expansion
			\|Success; ] waged until 1973 with 58,000 ] deaths and $111 billion expended ($686 billion in 2008 dollars)
			\|-
			\|1966, 2015
			\|<ref name = "Hersh1974"/><ref>{{Cite news\|url = http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-nsa-data-collecting-20150507-story.html\|title = Appeals court rules NSA phone dragnet is illegal\|last = Lauter\|first = David\|date = 7 May 2015\|access-date = 7 May 2015\|last2 = Cloud\|first2 = David S.\|publisher = Los Angeles Times\|quote = The National Security Agency does not have legal authority to collect and store data on all U.S. telephone calls, ‎a federal appeals court has ruled.\|newspaper = Los Angeles Times}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|Global
			\|], ], ], ], ] ("]")
			\|"... a global system for the interception of private and commercial communications."
			\|Interception and content inspection of telephone calls, fax, e-mail
			\|Success; never terminated, ever expanding operation as revealed by. ]'s documents
			\|-
			\|1967
			\|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web\|url = http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/israel-attacks-uss-ilibertyi\|title = Israel attacks USS Liberty--History.com This Day in History -- 6/8/1967\|date = \|accessdate = 26 February 2015\|website = History.com\|publisher = A&E Television Networks, LLC.\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]'s ]
			\|], ], ] officers, Secretary of Defense ]
			\|Aerial bombing, then torpedo attack on USS Liberty in international waters near Egypt
			\|Prevent detection of Israel's military plans<ref name=":1" />
			\|Success; 34 Americans killed and 171 wounded in the two-hour attack
			\|-
			\|1967, ?
			\|<ref name=":2">{{Cite web\|url = http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/reports/book3/pdf/ChurchB3_9_CHAOS.pdf\|title = Church Committee: Book III: Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans / CIA Intelligence Collection about Americans: Chaos and the Office of Security\|date = 1975-6\|accessdate = 30 April 2015\|website = Assassination Archives\|publisher = House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA)\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]]
			\|] (NSA)
			\|Domestic surveillance on anti-] groups and other political groups, and the infrastructure of targeted communities
			\|Circumvent ], control US public information and opinions
			\|Apparent success; never officially admitted to exist, and never officially closed down
			\|-
			\|1967, 1973
			\|<ref name = "Hersh1974"/>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] (NSA) and Britain's ] (GCHQ)
			\|Disseminate info captured by the ] to other government and intelligence organizations
			\|Circumvent ], control ] public information and opinions
			\|Success; exposed by ] (1975), limited and regulated by ] (FISA, 1978)
			\|-
			\|1967, 1974
			\|<ref name=":2" />
			\|]''' / Operation MHCHAOS'''
			\|]
			\|], ]. ], ], Richard Obe, and may others
			\|Domestic ] of ] residents without warrant, probable cause, or legal rights
			\|"Unmask possible foreign influences on the student antiwar movement."
			\|Success; exposed and officially closed in 1973
			\|-
			\|1965, 1980
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title= The strategy of tension: A tactic to divide, manipulate and control people\|url=http://www.intrepidreport.com/archives/9860\|journal=http://www.intrepidreport.com\|date = 16 June 2013}}</ref>'''
			\|]''' / ]'''
			\|], ], ]
			\|] groups (backed by various ] governments) in ] operations
			\|Campaign of fear, propaganda, disinformation, psychological warfare, agents provocateurs, terrorist acts, and assassinations
			\|Frighten the people into demanding strong ] ] governments
			\|Success in provoking revolutions in ], ]. No success in Italy
			\|-
			\|1965, 1983
			\|<ref>{{cite web\|last1=Bauer\|first1=Shane\|title=This Man Is Serving 75 Years for "Seditious Conspiracy." Is He a Danger to Society?\|url=http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/05/oscar-lopez-rivera-75-years-seditious-conspiracy\|website=Mother Jones\|publisher=Mother Jones and the Foundation for National Progress\|accessdate=4 May 2015}}</ref>
			\|'''] / ]'''
			\|]
			\|Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, ],
			\|More than 120 bomb attacks in the ]
			\|] independence and ]
			\|Failure; 12 members arrested 1980, tried and convicted; 16 members pardoned by ] in 1999
			\|-
			\|1967, 1973
			\|'''<ref name=":2" />'''
			\|]
			\|]]
			\|] (CIA) Office of Security
			\|Local police, college staff, other informants spy on "groups of the ]] that might threaten ] facilities and personnel," such as those opposed to ]
			\|Along with ], reported to ]
			\|Success until terminated
			\|-
			\|1968
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Pompidou dans la tourmente\|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/justice/pompidou-dans-la-tourmente_476094.html\|journal=http://www.lexpress.fr\|date = 26 July 2007}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Ex-head of police Luicien Aimé-Blanc, Aleksandar Markovic, brother of dead bodyguard, others
			\|Publish (apparently faked) embarrassing photos of ]''', ''']'s wife
			\|Vengeance; embarrass ], possibly defeating his re-election
			\|Failure
			\|-
			\|1968
			\|<ref>{{cite web\|last1=U.S House of Representatives\|first1=Select Committee on Assassinations\|title=Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations of the U.S. House of Representatives\|url=http://www.archives.gov/research/jfk/select-committee-report/\|website=National Archives\|publisher=US Government\|accessdate=5 March 2015}}</ref>
			\|''']'''
			\|]
			\|
			\|Kill Martin Luther King
			\|''Not articulated or not known''
			\|Success in the killing, failed to stop racial integration
			\|-
			\|1968, 1970
			\|
			\|]
			\|]
			\|]; ]
			\|Operate network of native spies, torturing and killing at least one for compromising a mission
			\|Covert intelligence collection operations in ].
			\|Failure; tens of thousands of Laotian deaths, ] investigation
			\|-
			\|1969
			\|<ref>{{Cite news\|url = http://www.newsmax.com/Hirsen/Redford-Terrorism-Company-Ayers/2013/04/23/id/500904/\|title = Redford Movie Rationalizes Terrorism\|last = Hirsen\|first = James\|date = 23 Apr 2013\|work = Newsmax\|access-date = 16 May 2016}}</ref>
			\|] '''/ Weatherman'''
			\|]
			\|Bill Ayers, Bernardine Dohrn, Jeff Jones, students in Ann Arbor campus of University of Michigan
			\| Bombing banks and government buildings
			\|Overthrow the US government; U.S. imperialism and achieve a classless world: world communism
			\|Failure; bomb detonated during assembly killing three members; disbanded; convictions
			\|-
			\|1969, 1972
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The history place\|url=http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index-1969.html\|journal=http://www.historyplace.com}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Bomb targets and ] troops in support of the ] Royal Military's ], concealed from ] oversight
			\|Prevent Communist takeover of ]
			\|Failure; 500,000 ] deaths, evaded US ] oversight until 1973 and public outrage
			\|-
			\|1969, 1973
			\|
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] (SAC)
			\|Bombing campaign in Eastern ] and ] from 18 March 1969 until 26 May 1970
			\|Prevent Communist takeover of ]
			\|Success; 500,000 ] deaths, evaded ] oversight until 1973 and public outrage
			\|-
			\|1970, 1973
			\|<ref name = "Hersh1974">{{cite news \|first=Seymour \|last=Hersh \|authorlink=Seymour Hersh \|title=Huge C.I.A. operation reported in U.S. against antiwar forces, other dissidents in Nixon years \|publisher=] \|page= 1\|date=1974-12-22 \|accessdate=2007-06-22}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Tom Huston, ], ], ], ], Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), ]
			\|Burgle, surveille targeted "radicals;" open mail, detain anti-war protesters in camps in Western states
			\|Remove opposition to agenda of ]
			\|Some success; exposed during ], ]
			\|-
			\|1972
			\|
			\|]
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Take hostage 9 Israeli Olympic team members and German policeman,
			\|Freedom for 234 ] and other prisoners in Israel
			\|Failure; most hostages and kidnappers died during the rescue attempt
			\|-
			\|1972, 1974
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=What was the Watergate Scandal?\|url=http://uspolitics.about.com/od/presidenc1/a/what_watergate.htm\|journal=http://uspolitics.about.com}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite book\|title = Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations\|last = Trahair\|first = Richard C. S.\|publisher = Enigma Books\|year = 2013\|isbn = 9781936274253\|location = \|pages = 166\|last2 = Mille\|first2 = Robert L.}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Committee for the Re-Election of the President (CRP), ], ], ], ], ], Virgilio González, ], James McCord, ], ]
			\|] designed a program of extensive illegal activities against the ], including ] of a ] office in the ] and ] phone lines
			\|Reelect ] as ]
			\|Failure; burglary detected and the plot unraveled; ] reelected in 1972, but forced by the ] to resign in 1974 after ] a ] investigation
			\|-
			\|1975, 1991
			\|1991
			\|]
			\|], ], ].
			\|Bank directors, with co-conspirators ], ], ], ], ], prominent Americans
			\|Laundering, hiding money to finance illegal, terrorist activities
			\|Wealth of shareholders, investors, directors
			\|Failure; investigated started 1985, bankruptcy, closure in 1991; 60 personal prosecutions and some prison sentences<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/may/17/files-close-bcci-banking-scandal\|title = Files close on BCCI banking scandal\|date = 7 May 2012\|accessdate = February 2, 2015\|website = The Guardian\|publisher = Guardian News and Media Limited\|last = Bowers\|first = Simon}}</ref>
			\|-
			\|1978
			\|<ref>'']'' (2012) (''Romanzo di una strage'') directed by ]</ref>
			\|]
			\|Italy
			\|], the Second ]
			\| Release of political prisoners from the ]
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			\|1978, 1994
			\|1994
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ], ] ], ] ], ], ], ], ],
			\|Variety of illegal activities including civil fraud stemming from a real estate development and misuse of state funds
			\|Local: ] convicted of fraud; national: efforts to prosecute ] and his ]
			\|Failure; nine were convicted, some of conspiracy, ] not prosecuted,
			\|-
			\|1983, 1984
			\|<ref name="ADL-Lane">{{cite news \| url=http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/lane.asp?LEARN_Cat=Extremism&LEARN_SubCat=Extremism_in_America&xpicked=2&item=lane \| title=Extremism in America: David Lane \| publisher = ] \| year= 2007 \| accessdate = 2007-07-18}}</ref>
			\|]''' / ]'''
			\|]]
			\|Robert Jay Mathews,
			\|Violent crime, robbery, murder, charged with seditious intent to overthrow the ] government
			\|Paramilitary, fomenting revolution against the "]"<ref>{{cite news \| quote = Canadian White Nationalists use this term as well. \| first = Wayne \| last = King \| title = Links of Anti-semitic Band Provoke 6-state Parley \| work = The New York Times \| page = 7 \| date = 1984-12-27 \| accessdate = 2007-04-09 }}</ref>
			\|Failure; 75 members tried and convicted, though none for sedition
			\|-
			\|1984, 1986
			\|
			\|] / Cellules Communistes Combattantes (CCC)
			\|]
			\|], Bertrand Sassoye, Pascale Vandegeerde, Didier Chevolet
			\|Bombing attacks on properties of ], ], international businesses, ]
			\|Destroy enemies of Communist ideology and capitalist symbols<ref>{{cite web\|title=Cellules Communistes Combattantes\|url=http://www.start.umd.edu/tops/terrorist_organization_profile.asp?id=299\|website=Terrorist Organization Profiles\|publisher=National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism\|accessdate=2 May 2015}}</ref>
			\|Failure; two deaths, arrest and prison for conspirators
			\|-
			\|1982, 1990
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The fighting solidarity organization\|url=http://www.sw.org.pl/wizytowka-en.html\|journal=http://www.sw.org.pl}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] and many supporters
			\|Publish many anti-] books and newspapers throughout Poland, erode dominance of the ]
			\|Free Poland from dominance by ]
			\|Success; triumphed in ] first democratic elections since ]. 1990: ]'s ] won presidency heralding collapse of communist regimes across Europe.
			\|-
			\|1984
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Hunger strikes and the Brighton bomb\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/northern_ireland/history/68779.stm\|journal=http://news.bbc.co.uk\|date = 18 March 1999}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Provisional ] (IRA) member ]
			\|Assassinate ] and her ] with a bomb in the hotel during a ] conference
			\|Free ] from ] and reunite it with ]
			\|Failure; ] not injured, 5 people killed, 31 injured; ] and four others tried and imprisoned
			\|-
			\|1984
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=A strange but true tale of voter fraud and bioterrorism\|url=http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/a-strange-but-true-tale-of-voter-fraud-and-bioterrorism/372445/\|journal=http://www.theatlantic.com\|date = 10 June 2014}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Followers of ]
			\|Deliberately ] salad bars at ten local restaurants with ]
			\|Enable ] candidates to win ] elections
			\|Failure; plot was suspected by the electorate which responded by a full turnout at the polls.
			\|-
			\|1985, 1987
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=The Iran Contra Affair 1986-1987\|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/frenzy/iran.htm\|journal=http://www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|title=Iran contra affair\|url=http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/iran-contra-affair.html\|journal=http://www.infoplease.com}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|], ], ], ]
			\|] Administration: ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], Royster, ], ], ], ]
			\|Sell sophisticated US weapons to Iran (despite blockade), aid the ] ] (despite prohibition by the ])
			\|Win freedom for 7 hostages held in ]; overthrow the ] government of ]
			\|Success; plot exposed and stopped; conspirators prosecuted, pardoned; ] (favored by ]) won ] election; ] later released
			\|-
			\|1991
			\|'''<ref name=csmon>{{cite web \|last=Regan \|first=Tom \|title=When contemplating war, beware of babies in incubators \|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0906/p25s02-cogn.html \|accessdate=October 31, 2013}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Nayirah ], ], ]
			\|Nayirah testified in tears to the ] about invented ] ] in occupied ]
			\|Rally ] public support to launch the ]
			\|Success: ] rallied allies throughout ] and launched the hugely expensive, destructive ] against ]
			\|-
			\|1992, 1993
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/05/us/1993-world-trade-center-bombing-fast-facts/\|title = 1993 World Trade Center Bombing Fast Facts\|date = April 5, 2014\|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = CNN\|publisher = Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] (Abdul Basit Mahmoud Abdul Karim), ], ], ], ] ] ]
			\|Detonate a truck bomb in under the ], cause North Tower to fall, toppling South Tower
			\|End ] aid to ], end US diplomatic ties with ], end US influence in ]
			\|Failure; bomb detonated under the North Tower, but tower did not fall. Conspirators captured, convicted of ]
			\|-
			\|1994, 1996
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://archive.adl.org/mwd/freemen.html\|title = Every Man a King: The Rise and Fall of the Montana Freemen\|date = May 6, 1996\|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = The Militia Watchdog\|publisher = Anti-Defamation League\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|].
			\|LeRoy M. Schweitzer, Emmett Clark, Richard Clark, James Hance, Lavon T. Hanson, Dana Dudley Landers
			\|Filed liens on officials, counterfeit checks, money orders
			\|Secede from US authority
			\|Failure; 6 were convicted of multiple offenses including conspiracy; secession was not a charge
			\|-
			\|1990, *
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-18188085\|title = Chechnya profile\|date = 9 December 2014\|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = BBC\|publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], Akhmed Zakayev
			\|Armed rebellion, raids, insurgency, kidnapping
			\|Secession from ]
			\|Failure; with assistance from USA, Russia killed ] rebel leaders in 1996; hostilities mostly stopped in 1999
			\|-
			\|1995
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.nbcnews.com/id/4371384/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/was-oklahoma-city-bombing-wider-conspiracy/#.VNVwMfnF8us\|title = Was Oklahoma City bombing wider conspiracy?\|date = 2/25/2004\|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = NBC News Digital\|publisher = NBC News\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ], ], ], ]
			\|Detonated a truck full of explosive in front of Alfred P. Murray Building, killing 168 people including 19 children
			\|Response to ] incident and ]
			\|Success in the bombing; ] executed, others imprisoned
			\|-
			\|1995, *
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.theverge.com/2013/7/17/4517480/nsa-spying-prism-surveillance-cheat-sheet\|title = Everything you need to know about PRISM\|date = July 17, 2013\|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = The Verge\|publisher = Vox Media, Inc.\|last = Sottek\|first = T.C.\|last2 = Kopstein\|first2 = Joshua}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] (NSA)
			\|Archive email and cell phone data on the general population without search warrant for later indexing and searching in future investigations
			\|''Not articulated or not known''
			\|Success; long rumored among computer professionals, came to public attention through the ] documents
			\|-
			\|2000, 2001
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks\|title = 9/11 ATTACKS\|date = \|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = History\|publisher = A&E Television Networks, LLC\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] and 19 co-conspirator suicide pilots, ] government of ] (implicitly, though not formally charged)
			\|Hijacked four domestic airliners, crashed two into the ], one into the ], and one into a farmer's field
			\|1. Vengeance for US policies, 2. provoke war against ] to provoke ] to counter-attack
			\|Success; ] immediately passed ] and other laws restricting freedom of American residents; US launched ] on multiple nations in ]
			\|-
			\|2000
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Spy-data-system-a-boondoggle-After-6-years-2505694.php\|title = Spy data system a 'boondoggle' / After 6 years and $1.2 billion, NSA still hasn't set up Trailblazer\|date = January 29, 2006\|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = SFGate\|publisher = San Francisco Chronicle (republished from Baltimore Sun)\|last = Gorman\|first = Siobhan}}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] (CIA)
			\|Develop internet data analysis, cell phone and email tracking capabilities; prosecute whistleblowers,such as ]
			\|''Not articulated or not known''
			\|Success
			\|-
			\|2001, *
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = https://www.eff.org/nsa-spying\|title = NSA Spying on Americans\|date = \|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = Electronic Frontier Foundation\|publisher = Electronic Frontier Foundation\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] (NSA)
			\|] authorized the ] (NSA) to spy on telephone calls without warrant, bypassing ]
			\|''Not articulated or not known''
			\|Success; bypass of ] without ] warrant instituted in ]
			\|-
			\|2002
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Downing Street Memos – What are they? What do they mean?\|url=http://usliberals.about.com/od/homelandsecurit1/p/DowningStreet1.htm\|journal=http://usliberals.about.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|title=The secret way to war\|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/2005/jun/09/the-secret-way-to-war/\|journal=http://www.nybooks.com\|date = 9 June 2005}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|], ]
			\|] military/] memo reveals that ] (with advisers) was shaping the facts about ] to serve plans already developed to attack on ]
			\|Full scale attack and long term occupation of ]
			\|Success; ] public terrified by "];" ] war but did not ]; Bush ordered attack on ]; ongoing war and ]
			\|-
			\|2002
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-13371751\|title = Iraq inquiry: Campbell dossier evidence questioned\|date = 12 May 2011\|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = BBC\|publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]''' / Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)'''
			\|]
			\|Ruling parties of ] and ]
			\|Publish '']'', an official memo to reinforce ] credibility on ]
			\|To help ] justify attack and long term military occupation of ]
			\|Success; ] was believed by the greater ] and ] populace; subsequently the official ] proved all allegations in the memo were false
			\|-
			\|2002
			\|'''<ref>{{cite journal \|title=Spinning out of control\|url=http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article3942.htm\|journal=http://www.informationclearinghouse.info}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|] ]
			\|Forge documents to show that ] (]) tried to buy ] from ]
			\|Provide basis for accusation that ] had ]; justify full scale attack and war
			\|Success for the duration needed to authorize attack
			\|-
			\|2003, *
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-16875921\|title = Anonymous gain access to FBI and Scotland Yard hacking call\|date = 3 February 2012\|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = BBC\|publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|Global
			\|] ]''', '''Ryan Cleary, Gregg Housh, Mustafa Al-Bassam, many others
			\|Pranks, masked demonstrations, computer attacks ("hactivism")
			\|Loosely defined program
			\|Mixed; dozens of arrests in ], ], ], ], ], ]
			\|-
			\|2006, 2011
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://timelines.latimes.com/bell/\|title = Bell: ‘Corruption on Steroids’\|date = 16 Apr. 2014\|accessdate = 6 Feb. 2015\|website = The Los Angeles Times\|publisher = The Los Angeles Times\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Mayor ], city council members, a number of city officials, and the accounting firm of ]
			\|Election fraud, high taxes, inflated paychecks, and other schemes to plunder the City coffers
			\|Personal enrichment of the conspirators
			\|Mixed; trials and some convictions (ongoing)
			\|-
			\|2007
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/11/magazine/11pao-t.html?pagewanted=all\|title = Gen. Vang Pao’s Last War\|date = 11 May 2008\|accessdate = 6 Feb. 2015\|website = The New York Times\|publisher = The New York Times Company\|last = Weiner\|first = Tim}}</ref>
			\|]''' / Operation Tarnished Eagle'''
			\|]
			\|], Lo Cha Thao, Youa True Vang, Hue Vang, Chong Vang Thao, Seng Vue, Chu Lo, and Lo Thao two more
			\|With a collection of heavy military weapons, attack the ] government of ]
			\|Free the ] people of the abusive government
			\|Failure; conspiracy was discovered by the Operation Tarnished Eagle investigation, conspirators were charged, but charges were dropped without prosecution
			\|-
			\|2008, *
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.nctc.gov/site/groups/greek.html\|title = Greek Domestic Terrorism\|date = \|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = Counterterrorism 2014 Calendar\|publisher = Office of the Director of National Intelligence\|last = Clapper\|first = James}}</ref>
			\|]''' (SPF)'''
			\|]
			\|Unknown
			\|Bombings, arson, terrorist acts
			\|]
			\|Ongoing
			\|-
			\|2011
			\|<ref>{{Cite web\|url = http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-27579765\|title = LulzSec hacker helps FBI stop over 300 cyber attacks\|date = 26 May 2014\|accessdate = 6 February 2015\|website = British Broadcasting Corporation\|publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation\|last = \|first = }}</ref>
			\|]
			\|], Ireland, USA, Netherlands
			\|] Sven Slootweg, Donncha O'Cearbhaill, Darren Martyn, others
			\|Computer sabotage, data theft, disruption, attacks on government computers to influence policy
			\|''Not articulated or not known''
			\|Failure; arrest and conviction of ten members
			\|-
			\|2013
			\|'''<ref>{{cite web\|title=Boston Marathon Bombings\|url=http://www.history.com/topics/boston-marathon-bombings\|website=History.com\|publisher=A&E Television Networks, LLC\|accessdate=6 February 2015}}</ref>'''
			\|]
			\|]
			\|]
			\|Two bombs detonated near finish line at ] footrace
			\|Defend ] from the ].
			\|Success of bombs, 3 deaths, many injuries, one conspirator killed, one arrested
			\|}

			This list includes, by reference only, the hundreds of entries in the University of Maryland's .

	==See also==		==See also==
	*]		*]
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	==References==		==References==
	{{Reflist\|2}}		{{Reflist\|3}}


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	{{commonscat\|Conspiracies}}		{{commonscat\|Conspiracies}}

	{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of ~~Conspiracies (~~Political)}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Political Conspiracies}}
	]		]
	]		]

Revision as of 07:12, 29 July 2015

A political conspiracy is an agreement among two or more people to effect a political goal through some harmful or illegal act against a political leader, a sector of the populace, or a country's laws. The term is used variously within that general description.

A conspiracy often involves secrecy, but there are major exceptions. In any case, secrecy is relative and not strictly necessary in the legal definition. The American Revolutionary War, for example, was considered a "conspiracy" by the British, who were certainly aware of its existence though not of all details.

As a term, political conspiracy has been used to describe plots by employees of the government (as in the Watergate scandal or the Iran-Contra scandal), by people not so employed (as in the 1993 WTC bombing), or by a combination (as in Project MKULTRA). The word "conspiracy" has been applied to plots between the heads (or agents) of multiple nations to harm or embarrass some other nation not present (such as Operation Gladio), but not usually to plots to declare conventional war on another country (as with the Bombing of Pearl Harbor) or to conduct low level espionage (of which there have been uncountable instances). Provoking war by deception or trickery is often termed a conspiracy, as in the cases of the Yellowcake Forgery and the September Dossier.

A conspiracy may be illegal but not harmful (as with Fighting Solidarity and the Slave Rebellions in North America), or harmful but not illegal (as with the Native American Holocaust and Slavery in North America). A conspiracy may be committed by the government against the people or a sector of the population (as with Project Mockingbird, Wannsee Conference, and the Armenian Genocide).

As with the legal US definition, conspiracy does not require all conspirators to know all others in the same conspiracy -- in politics, numbers alone might make knowledge of all others impossible. Some conspiracies (such as the Underground Railroad and the French Resistance) deliberately limit the information available to any individual so that the damage is limited if the conspiracy is breached.

A conspiracy is to be contrasted with a cabal. The two are similar but have quite different connotations; in contrast to a cabal, a conspiracy usually looks to overthrow a fixed power instead of usurping it from within.

For each event listed here, scholarly sources are provided on the individual page to which the event name is linked. As with many Wiki lists, the purpose of this page is to provide a general reference rather than to substantiate or explain each incident in detail.

The events listed here are selected for the following criteria:

Each is generally recognized to be true rather than speculative or controversial
Each meets the definition of political conspiracy given above
Each has been described in some detail elsewhere in the Misplaced Pages with scholarly references

Notable political conspiracies

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Dates are according to standard Christian dating system. A negative number in the Date column indicates BC. An asterisk indicates the activity is still ongoing. The "Auth" column is for noting primary (not necessarily all) sources that define the incident as a conspiracy. The "Name" column gives the name by which the incident is commonly known, linked to the Misplaced Pages page that details the event.

Date	Auth	Name	Geography	Leaders	Action	Alleged Objective	Outcome
-336		Assassination of Philip II of Macedon	Macedon	Pausanias of Orestis and friends, possibly encouraged by Philip's wife Olympias or son Alexander	Stabbed King Philip at the wedding of his daughter, Cleopatra	Personal vengeance for death of a friend and for making war against the Illyrians	Success; King Philip died; assassin Pausanias was killed by the King's bodyguards
-70, -62		Catiline conspiracies	Republic of Rome	Lucius Sergius Catilina with many friends and supporters	Assassination, armed revolt against the Republic	For some, to install Catiline as dictator of Rome	Failure; Cataline's defeated and killed in 62 BC
-33		Assassination of Julius Caesar	Republic of Rome	Brutus Albinus, Servilius Casca, Tillius Cimber, 60 other senators ("Liberatores")	Assassination of Caesar in the Roman Senate	Restore the Republic	Failure; death of Caesar, civil war; Rome became an empire rather than a republic
33		Crucifixion of Jesus	Palestine	Pontius Pilate; Judas Iscariot, Chief Priest __, scribes, Pharisees, Sadducees of the Sanhedrin	Removal of Jesus from public scene in Jerusalem	Avert Roman retaliation; preserve hegemony of the Jewish Temple	Backfire; Christianity spread throughout Mediterranean area; Rome destroyed Jerusalem within a century
65		Pisonian conspiracy	Republic of Rome	Gaius Calpurnius Piso, Subrius Flavus, Sulpicius Asper	Assassination of Emperor Nero	In part, to install Piso as emperor	Failure; Piso killed
1455, 1487		War of the Roses	England	Members of the Houses of York and Lancaster (two branches of Plantagenet family) and their supporters	Every coordinated attack on the sitting king or his forces (see list) was by definition, seditious conspiracy	Capture (or recapture) the throne of England	Success; Henry VII crowned after Bosworth, married Elizabeth of York, uniting the Plantagenet family branches
1478		Pazzi conspiracy	Republic of Florence (Italy)	Members of the Pazzi family and supporters	Attack on the Medici brothers during High Mass at the Duomo before a crowd of 10,000	Displace the de' Medici family	Failure and death of the conspirators
1485		Bosworth Field Conspiracy	England	Buckingham, Thomas Lord Stanley, William Stanley, Henry Percy, and their followers, whom King Richard III was relying upon as allies against Henry Tudor	In battle with Tudor forces, Northumberland withheld his troops from the charge while Thomas Lord Stanley and Sir William Stanley attacked and killed the King.	Put the House of Lancaster on the throne of England (see War of Roses)	Success; Henry Tudor became King Henry VII of England; the Stanleys were rewarded generously; Northumberland was briefly imprisoned, then released and reinstated
1500, 1910		Ethnic Cleansing of North America	North America	Predominantly Caucasian people	Native American peoples were exterminated first in incidental massacres, then as collision of cultures/races contesting land, finally as a quasi-government policy	Presumably, possess the land without contest	Success; North America cleansed of natives with the exception of Southwest Hispanics and small reservations
1506		Conspiracy against Duke of Ferrara	Ferrara (Italy)	Half-brother Giulio d'Este and full brother Ferrante d'Este	Death to Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara and Cardinal Ippolito d'Este (brothers)	Vengeance, with one of the brothers taking the Duke's seat	Failure, imprisonment of the conspiring brothers, death to the other conspirators
1526, 1865		Slavery in North America	North America	Caucasian people	"Fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity"	Labor without pay	Success until the Civil War abolished slavery throughout the US
1526, 1840		Slave Rebellions in North America	North America	African American slaves	Organized, unorganized, preplanned, and spontaneous illegal rebellions against owners	Individual liberty	Success in some, death and execution in others
1570		Ridolfi plot	England	Roberto di Ridolfi and others	Revolt, assassinate Queen Elizabeth I, replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots	Restore Catholicism in England	Discovery and failure
1583		Throckmorton Plot	England	Sir Francis Throckmorton and other Catholics	Assassinate Queen Elizabeth, replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots	Restore Catholicism in England	Failure
1586		Babington Plot	England	Sir Anthony Babington, John Ballard, Robert Poley, Gilbert Gifford, and Thomas Phelippes	Assassinate Queen Elizabeth, replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots	Restore Catholicism in England	Failure, trial and execution of Mary, Queen of Scots
1603		Main Plot	England	Henry Brooke, Lord Cobham, Sir Walter Raleigh, and the Spanish government	Dethrone King James I and replace him with Arbella Stuart	Enthrone Arbella Stuart, restore Catholicism	Failure and imprisonment of conspirators
1603		Bye Plot	England	Roman Catholic priests and Puritans	Kidnap King James I	Restore Catholicism, religious tolerance	Failure, execution of Sir George Brooke
1605		Gunpowder Plot	England	Robert Catesby, John Wright, Thomas Wintour, Thomas Percy, Guy Fawkes, Robert Keyes, Thomas Bates, Robert Wintour, others	Blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament, assassinate King James I	Crown Princess Elizabeth, restore Catholicism	Failure, execution of conspirators
1610, *		Cabinet Noir (see also Black Room)	France	Various French government bureaux	Letters of targets were opened and read by public officials, then resealed and forwarded to recipients. Done in secret so the recipients were unaware	Not articulated or not known	Success, denounced occasionally but never actually outlawed
1690, 1860		Underground Railroad	North America	Abolitionists, many anonymous	Illegally assist slaves to various refuges through a network of safe houses and secret routes	Florida before 1776, Canada, free states, territories, Mexico	Success, with allegedly more than 30,000 escapees
1765, 1783		American Revolutionary War	13 Colonies of America	France; signatories to the 1776 Declaration of Independence; First and Second Contental Congress; thousands of others	Pamphlets, speeches, demonstrations such as the Boston Tea Party; though much activity was public, much was also secret	Independence from British Rule	Success
1783		Newburgh Conspiracy	13 Colonies of America	John Armstrong, Jr., officers of the Continental Army	Not disband on peace with Britain, and possibly desert Washington's command if not paid	Insist on back pay and pension as promised	Conciliation with General Washington, faith in Congress restored
1788		Anjala conspiracy	Sweden	Group of Swedish military officers	Secretly negotiate peace with Catherine the Great of Russia	End Gustav III's War with Russia, secession of Finland	Failure, execution of conspirators, division of Finland from Sweden
1859		John Brown's Raid	Harpers Ferry, West Virginia	John Brown, 21 others	Raided Harper's Ferry Armory, captured weapons	Inspire slave uprising throughout the South	Short term failure, conspirators captured, Brown was hung; Long term Brown became icon of Abolition
1865		Abraham Lincoln Assassination Plot	Washington, D.C.	John Wilkes Booth, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt	Assassinate President Lincoln, VP Johnson, and Secretary Seward	Revive Confederate cause	Death of Lincoln, otherwise failure
1865		Klu Klux Klan	USA	Many thousands	Violence against African Americans and sympthizers; secret membership	Prevention of racial and social mixing of races	Failure, prosecution of many; disbanded in 1869, reborn 1920, presently reborn and decentralized
1898		The Dreyfus Affair	France	Charles Esterhazy	Falsely prosecute Captain Alfred Dreyfus for treason with Germany	Conceal Esterhazy's treason	Prison for Dreyfus, but eventual vindication, Esterhazy eventually exposed
1900, *		Asbestos Conspiracy	All industrial nations incl. USA	Multiple governments, industrial corporations, trade groups, and insurance companies	Asbestos hazards were long known but hidden from workers; regulation was blocked, insurance claims denied	Utility and profits of cheap asbestos materials	Liability litigation continues, thousands of victim deaths per year, regulation blocked, asbestos still in use
1900, *		Jewish-American organized crime	USA, Israel	Bugsy Siegel, Monk Eastman, Arnold Rothstein, Joseph "Doc" Stacher, and others	The activities of Jewish American mobsters become political when the individuals contribute money to Israel and use Israel's Right of Return to escape US prosecution	The profits of crime without prosecution	Success
1903		The Protocols of the Elders of Zion	Russia	The Russian Secret Police (alleged)	Publish book falsely purporting to be manual of Jewish conspiracy	Foment antisemitism	Established a perpetual rumor/legend of Jewish conspiracy against Gentiles
1913, 2005		Irish Republican Army	Ireland	Various, as many as 14,500 people, including agents working for British Army, Special Branch, and MI5	Assassinations, murders, bombs, maimings, other violence	Unite the whole of Ireland in a single nation independent of England	Failure, disbanded in 1921 after treaty; reformed 1922-1969; reformed as Provisional Irish Republican Army
1914		Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand	Serbia	The Black Hand, a secret society controlled by Serbian Military Intelligence	Assassinate the Archduke	Unite the territories with majority South Slavic people	Death of the archduke and World War I
1915, 1919		Armenian Genocide	Turkey	Ottoman Empire	Massacre, starve, rape, work victims to death, inject with disease	Eradicate unwanted people including Greeks, Armenians, ethnic Christians	Success; 1 to 1.5 million killed
1917		Murder of Emperor Nicholas II, his wife, and all their children	Russia	Yakov Yurovsky, Communist soldiers, local Bolsheviks	Abduct, assassinate, and bury the bodies in an unmarked grave	Solidify Bolshevik Revolution	Success
1917, 1933		Decossackization	Russia	Soviet government	Extermination of the Cossacks, either as an ethnic group or social class	(Presumed) homogenization of Soviet society	Success
1926, 1928		Assassination of Velimir Prelić	Macedonia	Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, Ivan Mihaylov, Mara Buneva,	Assassination of a Serbian official Velimir Prelić	Freedom for Macedonia	Successful assassination, Macedonia not freed
1932, 1972		Tuskegee syphilis experiment	Alabama, Washington, D.C.	Many employees of the US Public Health Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention knew or participated	Hundreds of black sharecroppers denied diagnosis and treatment for syphilis, left to suffer and die miserably	Study of the progress of untreated syphilis	Success for 40 years; upon general exposure, termination of the Experiment, multiple reforms of laws and agencies
1933		Business Plot	US	Heads of Chase Bank, General Motors, Goodyear, Standard Oil, DuPont family, Senator Prescott Bush	Recruit Marine Corps Major General Smedley Butler to overthrow government of President Roseveldt	Install fascist dictatorship over the United States	Failure; no action was taken and no one was prosecuted
1933, 1945		Anti-Nazi Conspiracy	Germany	Multiple small, isolated groups, generally leaderless	Some actively plotted or attempted to assassinate Hitler, some to thwart the roundups for the camps, some to stop the war	Overthrow the Nazi regime, end the atrocities, end the war	Failure
1939		1939 Shelling of Mainila	Russia	Andrei Zhdanov and the Red Army	Soviet Union (Russia) Red Army shelled the Russian village of Mainila pretending to be attacked by Finland	False flag pretext for Winter War against Finland	Success; public support for the Winter War
1939		Operation Himmler and the Gleiwitz incident	Germany	Heinrich Himmler, Alfred Naujocks, and Nazi military	Simulate an attack by Polish military, with false flag and uniforms	Provide pretext for Germany to invade Poland	Success, though not hidden from history
1939, 1945		French Resistance / French Underground	France	Multiple isolated groups and small cells	Guerrilla attacks on the Germans and Vichy collaborators, underground newspapers, spy for the Allies, help isolated Allied soldiers and airmen	Liberate France from German occupation	Success; considered to be of significant assistance to the Allies in winning the World War II against the Germans
1940		Operation Spark	Germany	Friedrich Olbricht, Major General Henning von Tresckow and an anti-Nazi conspiracy, the Schwarze Kapelle ("black band")	Assassinate Adolph Hitler by means of a bomb on his aircraft	Overthrow the Nazi regime, end the war	Discovery and failure
1941, 1944		Greek Resistance	Greece	Communist Party of Greece, Aris Velouchiotis, Napoleon Zervas, and other strongly armed groups.	Guerrilla attacks, sabotage	Liberation of Greece from the Axis Power occupation forces.	Failure; internecine civil war between the groups even while occupied by Germany; enmity with British troops;
1942		Wannsee Conference	Berlin, Germany	Senior officials of Nazi Germany	Exterminate the "inferior" people of the Reich and occupied countries, including Jews, Gypsies, and homosexuals	Cleanse the body politic of unwanted elements and the race through eugenics	Partial success
1942		Operation Anthropoid	Prague	British Special Operations Executive, local agents and Czechs	Assassinate General der Polizei Reinhard Heydrich	Confer legitimacy on Beneš's government-in-exile in London	Success
1944		July 20 Plot	Germany	Dissidents of the Kreisau Circle and others	Assassinate Adolph Hitler with suitcase bomb inside the Wolf's Lair field headquarters	Operation Valkyrie to grab power and negotiate peace with the Allies	Failure, arrest of 7,000 conspirators, execution of 4,980
1945		Operation Paperclip / (parallel program in Far East)	USA, Germany, Japan	Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA)	Forge documents, expunge national records; evade President Truman's orders	Hide desired Japanese, Nazi war criminals from Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials; deny recovery to native countries	Success; 1500 Nazis and many Japanese hidden from prosecution, many immigrated
1945, *		Project SHAMROCK	USA	Western Union, RCA, ITT, Armed Forces Security Agency (AFSA) (later named National Security Agency NSA), FBI, CIA, Secret Service, Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD), Department of Defense (DoD)	Intercept, copy incoming, outgoing, and transiting telegrams for thousands of targets without warrant or court order	Not articulated or not known	Success until investigated by the Church Committee and passage of FISA; reborn with PRISM
1946, *		Hmong Genocide	Laos	Laos, Vietnamese army	Attack, rape, massacre, bomb, destroy means of life	Vengeance, ethnic cleansing	Success, more than 100,000 killed
1948, 1982		Operation Gladio, Stay-behind preparations	Europe	CIA, NATO, Western Union Clandestine Committee (CCWU)	Leave covert paramilitary agents and forces in neutral and Allied countries after the World War II	Prepare for invasion from Warsaw Pact; see Strategy of Tension	Success; undetected for decades
1948, *		Operation Mockingbird	USA, elsewhere	Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employees Cord Meyer, Allen W. Dulles, Frank Wisner and many others	Plant agents on news staff; shape news through blackmail, bribes, and "dirty tricks;" plant pre-written articles; fund groups and publications	Manipulate national and foreign policy, hide CIA's illegal activities	Success; exposed by Ramparts in 1966, some books, Church Committee, but not terminated; possibly still active
1950, 1977		Puerto Rican Nationalist Party Revolts	Puerto Rico, Continental USA	Pedro Albizu Campos, Blanca Canales, Oscar Collazo, Griselio Torresola, and many others	Seditious conspiracy against the United States, firing on Congress from the gallery, demonstrations	Puerto Rico independence from US	Failure, prison for the conspirators
1952, 1973		HTLINGUAL / SRPOINTER	US	Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)	Intercept and open mail for targeted individuals such as Bella Abzug, Bobby Fischer, Linus Pauling, John Steinbeck, Martin Luther King, Edward Albee, Hubert Humphrey	Originally, collect names from mail to/from Soviet Union, China; later record content	Unknown
1953, *		MKULTRA mind control program	USA	Central Intelligence Agency, Sidney Gottlieb, cooperating psychiatrists, and others	Illegally and secretly perform mind control experiments on human subjects, usually without consent	Develop mind control drugs and methods for indoctrination and interrogation	Unknown
1953		Operation Ajax / Operation Boot / 28 Mordad coup / Iranian coup d'état / TPAJAX Project	Iran	US Central Intelligence Agency, United Kingdom Secret Intelligence Service	Bribe Iranian politicians, security and army high-ranking officials; promote coup with propaganda; promote riots with bribes to gangsters; put CIA soldiers on the ground to control the city; arm and direct rebel forces	Overthrow Iran's democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh and install puppet Mohammad-Rezā Shāh Pahlavi (the "Shah") to provide BP with unrestricted access to Iran's oil reserves	Success for 26 years
1954		Lavon Affair, Operation Susannah	Egypt	Colonel Binyamin Gibli, but he blamed Israel Defense Minister Pinhas Lavon, who was probably innocent but was forced to resign	Bomb Egyptian, American, and British-owned civilian targets, cinemas, libraries and educational centers (not persons); other acts of sabotage under a False Flag	Implicate Muslim Brotherhood, Egyptian Communists, "malcontents," prevent British troop withdrawal from Suez Canal zone	Failure; imprisonment, death for bombers, long term discredit to Israel, upset in Israeli government
1954, 1996		1954 Guatemalan coup d'état / Operation PBSUCCESS	Guatemala	Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)	Guatemala coup d'état	Monopolize agriculture under United Fruit Company, military control of Central America	Success; brutal dictatorship installed; genocide of Mayan people
1956, 1971?		COINTELPRO	USA	Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)	"Survey, expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit, neutralize, or ... eliminate" domestic target groups and their leaders	Steer US national policy, subvert or eliminate political opposition	Success
1958, *		Lebanese Anarchist Attacks	Lebanon	Perpetrators mostly unknown	Almost ceaseless attacks by paramilitary non-governmental groups: List of massacres in Lebanon; 1958 Lebanon crisis; 1983 United States embassy bombing; 1983 Beirut barracks bombing; South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000); Lebanon bombings and assassinations (2004–present);	Pro-Muslim, anti-Muslim, pro-Syria, anti-Israel, etc. (Violence by Israel not included here because legal under Israeli law)	Failure; no one wins, everyone loses, and it never ends
1959		Operation 40	USA	J.C. King, President Eisenhower, Allen W. Dulles, Richard Nixon, Arleigh Burke, Livingston Merchant, 80+ more	CIA to organize, train, and equip Cuban refugees as a guerrilla force; sabotage, attacks bombs	Overthrow Fidel Castro's Cuban Communist government	Failure; reborn as Brigade 2506
1960, 1961		Assassination of Patrice Lumumba	Belgian Congo	Belgium, CIA (US), MI6 (United Kingdom), according to the Church Committee	Assassinate Lumumba, first democratically elected prime minister of the Congo	Obstruct pan-African unity	Success
1961		Bay of Pigs Invasion / Operation Zapata / Brigade 2506	Cuba	Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Cuban exiles, Brigade 2506, Democratic Revolutionary Front	Invade Cuba, overthrow Communist government of Prime Minister Fidel Castro	Reverse the Cuban Revolution of 1959 and its effects	Failure, embarrassment of CIA and USA
1961, 1983		Project CHERRY	Southeast Asia	Central Intelligence Agency, using US Military Special Forces soldiers for black operations, who were in turn using soldiers from the Cambodian Khmer Serei Movement.	Assassinate Prince (later King) Norodom Sihanouk, and other terror operations	Destabilize Cambodian society	Failure
1962		Operation Northwoods / Mongoose / Bingo	USA	Department of Defense (DoD) and the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)	Acts of terrorism in US cities and elsewhere, including shooting down a US airliner, to be blamed on the new Communist (Fidel Castro) government of Cuba (False Flag operations)	Described in memo Justification for U.S. Military Intervention in Cuba, includes sequence of "reprisals" of US Military	Failure; President Kennedy disapproved the plot and nothing was done; Kennedy removed Lemnitzer as JCS Chairman
1962		Operation Dirty Trick / Operation Northwoods	USA	Brig. Gen. William H. Craig, Brig. Gen. Edward Lansdale	If the 1962 space flight Mercury (carrying John Glenn) crashed, Cuba (Castro) would be blamed	Invade Cuba with US popular support	Failure; President Kennedy disapproved, and the plot was done; Glenn's mission did not crash
1963		Assassination of John F. Kennedy	USA	I.A. Lee Harvey Oswald, other or others unknown	Assassination of the sitting president of the United States	Not articulated or not known	Success
1963, 1970		Front de libération du Québec / FLQ	Quebec	Mario Bachand, Robert Hudon, Jean Gagnon, Cyr Delisle, Gilles Brunet, Marcel Tardif, François Schirm, Edmond Guenette, and others unknown	Kidnapped James Cross, assassinated Labour Minister Pierre Laporte, killed 8 others with bombs, injured many; bombed Montreal Stock Exchange	Marxist; force Quebec to separate from Canada	Failure, imprisonment for some
1964		Gulf of Tonkin Incident / USS Maddox Incident	Vietnam, USA	President Lyndon Johnson, US Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, others	Turned a false report of torpedo attack on US ship in the Gulf of Tonkin into authorization for war against North Vietnam, did not issue public retraction or stand down when report was proved to be false	War in Vietnam to prevent Communist expansion	Success; Vietnam War waged until 1973 with 58,000 US deaths and $111 billion expended ($686 billion in 2008 dollars)
1966, 2015		ECHELON	Global	USA, Canada, Britain, New Zealand, Australia ("Five Eyes")	"... a global system for the interception of private and commercial communications."	Interception and content inspection of telephone calls, fax, e-mail	Success; never terminated, ever expanding operation as revealed by. Snowden's documents
1967		USS Liberty Incident	Egypt's Gaza Strip	Israeli Navy, Israeli Air Force, USS Saratoga officers, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara	Aerial bombing, then torpedo attack on USS Liberty in international waters near Egypt	Prevent detection of Israel's military plans	Success; 34 Americans killed and 171 wounded in the two-hour attack
1967, ?		Project MERRIMAC	USA	National Security Agency (NSA)	Domestic surveillance on anti-Vietnam War groups and other political groups, and the infrastructure of targeted communities	Circumvent First Amendment, control US public information and opinions	Apparent success; never officially admitted to exist, and never officially closed down
1967, 1973		Project Minaret	USA	National Security Agency (NSA) and Britain's Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)	Disseminate info captured by the Project Shamrock to other government and intelligence organizations	Circumvent First Amendment, control US public information and opinions	Success; exposed by Church Committee (1975), limited and regulated by Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA, 1978)
1967, 1974		Operation CHAOS / Operation MHCHAOS	USA	Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon. Richard Helms, James Jesus Angleton, Richard Obe, and may others	Domestic espionage of US residents without warrant, probable cause, or legal rights	"Unmask possible foreign influences on the student antiwar movement."	Success; exposed and officially closed in 1973
1965, 1980		Strategy of Tension / Years of Lead	Italy, Greece, Turkey	Gladio groups (backed by various Western governments) in False Flag operations	Campaign of fear, propaganda, disinformation, psychological warfare, agents provocateurs, terrorist acts, and assassinations	Frighten the people into demanding strong anti-communist dictatorial governments	Success in provoking revolutions in Turkey, Greece. No success in Italy
1965, 1983		Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña / FALN	Puerto Rico	Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Carmen Valentín Pérez,	More than 120 bomb attacks in the US	Puerto Rico independence and Communism	Failure; 12 members arrested 1980, tried and convicted; 16 members pardoned by Bill Clinton in 1999
1967, 1973		Project RESISTANCE	USA	Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Office of Security	Local police, college staff, other informants spy on "groups of the USA that might threaten CIA facilities and personnel," such as those opposed to Vietnam War	Along with Project MERRIMAC, reported to Operation CHAOS	Success until terminated
1968		Markovic Affair	France	Ex-head of police Luicien Aimé-Blanc, Aleksandar Markovic, brother of dead bodyguard, others	Publish (apparently faked) embarrassing photos of Claude Pompidou, Georges Pompidou's wife	Vengeance; embarrass Pompidou, possibly defeating his re-election	Failure
1968		Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.	US		Kill Martin Luther King	Not articulated or not known	Success in the killing, failed to stop racial integration
1968, 1970		Project GAMMA	Cambodia	Central Intelligence Agency; U.S. Army	Operate network of native spies, torturing and killing at least one for compromising a mission	Covert intelligence collection operations in Cambodia.	Failure; tens of thousands of Laotian deaths, Congressional investigation
1969		Weather Underground / Weatherman	US	Bill Ayers, Bernardine Dohrn, Jeff Jones, students in Ann Arbor campus of University of Michigan	Bombing banks and government buildings	Overthrow the US government; U.S. imperialism and achieve a classless world: world communism	Failure; bomb detonated during assembly killing three members; disbanded; convictions
1969, 1972		Laotian Civil (Secret) War	Laos	US Air Force	Bomb targets and Communist troops in support of the Laotian Royal Military's civil war, concealed from Congressional oversight	Prevent Communist takeover of Southeast Asia	Failure; 500,000 Cambodian deaths, evaded US Congressional oversight until 1973 and public outrage
1969, 1973		Operation Menu	Cambodia	United States Strategic Air Command (SAC)	Bombing campaign in Eastern Cambodia and Laos from 18 March 1969 until 26 May 1970	Prevent Communist takeover of Southeast Asia	Success; 500,000 Cambodian deaths, evaded Congressional oversight until 1973 and public outrage
1970, 1973		Huston Plan	USA	Tom Huston, William C. Sullivan, Richard Nixon, FBI, CIA, Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), National Security Agency	Burgle, surveille targeted "radicals;" open mail, detain anti-war protesters in camps in Western states	Remove opposition to agenda of Nixon Administration	Some success; exposed during Watergate hearings, Church Committee Hearings
1972		Munich massacre	Munich, Germany	Black September	Take hostage 9 Israeli Olympic team members and German policeman,	Freedom for 234 Palestinian and other prisoners in Israel	Failure; most hostages and kidnappers died during the rescue attempt
1972, 1974		Watergate	USA	Committee for the Re-Election of the President (CRP), G. Gordon Liddy, Jeb Stuart Magruder, John Mitchell, John Dean, Richard Nixon, Virgilio González, Bernard Barker, James McCord, Eugenio Martínez, Frank Sturgis	Liddy designed a program of extensive illegal activities against the Democratic Party, including burglary of a psychiatrist's office in the Watergate Hotel and wiretapping phone lines	Reelect Richard Nixon as United States President	Failure; burglary detected and the plot unraveled; Nixon reelected in 1972, but forced by the Watergate Scandal to resign in 1974 after stonewalling a Congressional investigation
1975, 1991	1991	BCCI Scandal	Luxembourg, Karachi, London.	Bank directors, with co-conspirators CIA, Medellin Cartel, Abu Nidal, Mujahideen, Contras, prominent Americans	Laundering, hiding money to finance illegal, terrorist activities	Wealth of shareholders, investors, directors	Failure; investigated started 1985, bankruptcy, closure in 1991; 60 personal prosecutions and some prison sentences
1978		Assassination of Aldo Moro	Italy	Mario Moretti, the Second Red Brigades	Release of political prisoners from the Red Brigades
1978, 1994	1994	Whitewater Conspiracy	Arkansas	Jim Guy Tucker, John Haley, Webster Hubbell, Jim McDougal, Susan McDougal, David Hale, Robert W. Palmer, John Latham, Eugene Fitzhugh, Charles Matthews,	Variety of illegal activities including civil fraud stemming from a real estate development and misuse of state funds	Local: Governor Tucker convicted of fraud; national: efforts to prosecute Bill Clinton and his wife	Failure; nine were convicted, some of conspiracy, Clintons not prosecuted,
1983, 1984		Silent Brotherhood / The Order	USA	Robert Jay Mathews,	Violent crime, robbery, murder, charged with seditious intent to overthrow the US government	Paramilitary, fomenting revolution against the "Zionist Occupation Government"	Failure; 75 members tried and convicted, though none for sedition
1984, 1986		Communist Combatant Cells / Cellules Communistes Combattantes (CCC)	Belgium	Pierre Carette, Bertrand Sassoye, Pascale Vandegeerde, Didier Chevolet	Bombing attacks on properties of NATO, USA, international businesses, Federation of Belgian Enterprises	Destroy enemies of Communist ideology and capitalist symbols	Failure; two deaths, arrest and prison for conspirators
1982, 1990		Fighting Solidarity	Poland	Kornel Morawiecki and many supporters	Publish many anti-Soviet books and newspapers throughout Poland, erode dominance of the Polish United Workers' Party	Free Poland from dominance by Soviet Russia	Success; triumphed in Poland's first democratic elections since WW II. 1990: Solidarity's Lech Wałęsa won presidency heralding collapse of communist regimes across Europe.
1984		Brighton hotel bombing	Brighton, England.	Provisional Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) member Patrick Magee	Assassinate Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet with a bomb in the hotel during a Conservative Party conference	Free Northern Ireland from Great Britain and reunite it with Ireland	Failure; Thatcher not injured, 5 people killed, 31 injured; Magee and four others tried and imprisoned
1984		Rajneeshee bioterror attack	The Dalles, Oregon	Followers of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh	Deliberately contaminate salad bars at ten local restaurants with salmonella	Enable Rajneeshee candidates to win Wasco County elections	Failure; plot was suspected by the electorate which responded by a full turnout at the polls.
1985, 1987		Iran-Contra Affair	USA, Iran, Israel, Nicaragua	Reagan Administration: Weinberger, Casey, McFarlane, Abrams, Fiers, George, Oliver North, Fawn Hall, Royster, Poindexter, Clarridge, Secord, Hakim	Sell sophisticated US weapons to Iran (despite blockade), aid the Nicaraguan Contras (despite prohibition by the Boland Amendment)	Win freedom for 7 hostages held in Lebanon; overthrow the Sandinista government of Nicaragua	Success; plot exposed and stopped; conspirators prosecuted, pardoned; Violeta Chamorro (favored by Contras) won Nicaraguan election; Lebanese hostages later released
1991		Nayirah testimony	USA	Nayirah al-Ṣabaḥ, Hill & Knowlton, Citizens for a Free Kuwait	Nayirah testified in tears to the Congressional Human Rights Caucus about invented Iraqi atrocities in occupied Kuwait	Rally U.S. public support to launch the Gulf War	Success: U.S. rallied allies throughout Europe and launched the hugely expensive, destructive Gulf War against Iraq
1992, 1993		1993 World Trade Center Bombing	New York	Ramzi Yousef (Abdul Basit Mahmoud Abdul Karim), Khalid Shaikh Mohammed Ali Fadden, Abdul Rahman Yasin, Omar Abdel-Rahman, FBI informer Emad Salem	Detonate a truck bomb in under the World Trade Center, cause North Tower to fall, toppling South Tower	End US aid to Israel, end US diplomatic ties with Israel, end US influence in Middle East	Failure; bomb detonated under the North Tower, but tower did not fall. Conspirators captured, convicted of seditious conspiracy
1994, 1996		Montana Freemen	Jordan, Montana.	LeRoy M. Schweitzer, Emmett Clark, Richard Clark, James Hance, Lavon T. Hanson, Dana Dudley Landers	Filed liens on officials, counterfeit checks, money orders	Secede from US authority	Failure; 6 were convicted of multiple offenses including conspiracy; secession was not a charge
1990, *		Chechnyan Rebellion	Russia	Dzhokhar Dudayev, Akhmed Zakayev	Armed rebellion, raids, insurgency, kidnapping	Secession from Russia	Failure; with assistance from USA, Russia killed Chechnyan rebel leaders in 1996; hostilities mostly stopped in 1999
1995		Oklahoma City Bombing	Oklahoma City	Timothy McVeigh, Terry Nichols, Michael and Lori Fortier, Aryan Republican Army, John Doe	Detonated a truck full of explosive in front of Alfred P. Murray Building, killing 168 people including 19 children	Response to Ruby Ridge incident and Waco massacre	Success in the bombing; McVeigh executed, others imprisoned
1995, *		PRISM (surveillance program)	USA	National Security Administration (NSA)	Archive email and cell phone data on the general population without search warrant for later indexing and searching in future investigations	Not articulated or not known	Success; long rumored among computer professionals, came to public attention through the Edward Snowden documents
2000, 2001		September 11 Attacks	New York	Osama bin Laden and 19 co-conspirator suicide pilots, Taliban government of Afghanistan (implicitly, though not formally charged)	Hijacked four domestic airliners, crashed two into the World Trade Center, one into the Pentagon, and one into a farmer's field	1. Vengeance for US policies, 2. provoke war against Islam to provoke Islam to counter-attack	Success; US Congress immediately passed Patriot Act and other laws restricting freedom of American residents; US launched undeclared war on multiple nations in Central Asia
2000		Trailblazer Project	USA	Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)	Develop internet data analysis, cell phone and email tracking capabilities; prosecute whistleblowers,such as Roark, Binney, and Wiebe	Not articulated or not known	Success
2001, *		NSA warrantless surveillance	USA	National Security Agency (NSA)	George W. Bush authorized the National Security Agency (NSA) to spy on telephone calls without warrant, bypassing FISA	Not articulated or not known	Success; bypass of Fourth Amendment without FISA warrant instituted in PRISM
2002		Downing Street Memo	USA	George W. Bush, National Security Council	British military/Intel memo reveals that Bush (with advisers) was shaping the facts about Iraq to serve plans already developed to attack on Iraq	Full scale attack and long term occupation of Iraq	Success; U.S. public terrified by "weapons of mass destruction;" Congress war but did not declare war; Bush ordered attack on Iraq; ongoing war and occupation
2002		September Dossier / Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)	Great Britain	Ruling parties of Great Britain and United States	Publish Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Assessment of the British Government, an official memo to reinforce US credibility on Iraq	To help US justify attack and long term military occupation of Iraq	Success; Dossier was believed by the greater British and U.S. populace; subsequently the official Iraq Survey Group proved all allegations in the memo were false
2002		Yellowcake Forgery	Italy	Italy military intelligence	Forge documents to show that Saddam Hussein (Iraq) tried to buy yellowcake uranium from Niger	Provide basis for accusation that Iraq had WMD; justify full scale attack and war	Success for the duration needed to authorize attack
2003, *		Anonymous	Global	Jake Leslie Davis, Ryan Ackroyd, Ryan Cleary, Gregg Housh, Mustafa Al-Bassam, many others	Pranks, masked demonstrations, computer attacks ("hactivism")	Loosely defined program	Mixed; dozens of arrests in US, Great Britain, Australia, Netherlands, Spain, Turkey
2006, 2011		City of Bell scandal	Bell, California	Mayor Oscar Hernandez, city council members, a number of city officials, and the accounting firm of Mayer Hoffman McCann	Election fraud, high taxes, inflated paychecks, and other schemes to plunder the City coffers	Personal enrichment of the conspirators	Mixed; trials and some convictions (ongoing)
2007		Vang Pao Clandestine Army / Operation Tarnished Eagle	California	Vang Pao, Lo Cha Thao, Youa True Vang, Hue Vang, Chong Vang Thao, Seng Vue, Chu Lo, and Lo Thao two more	With a collection of heavy military weapons, attack the Communist government of Laos	Free the Laotian people of the abusive government	Failure; conspiracy was discovered by the Operation Tarnished Eagle investigation, conspirators were charged, but charges were dropped without prosecution
2008, *		Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei (SPF)	Greece	Unknown	Bombings, arson, terrorist acts	Anarcho-individualism	Ongoing
2011		LulzSec	Great Britain, Ireland, USA, Netherlands	Jeremy Hammond, Sven Slootweg, Donncha O'Cearbhaill, Darren Martyn, others	Computer sabotage, data theft, disruption, attacks on government computers to influence policy	Not articulated or not known	Failure; arrest and conviction of ten members
2013		Boston Marathon Bombings	Boston, Massachusetts	Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev	Two bombs detonated near finish line at Boston Marathon footrace	Defend Islam from the U.S.	Success of bombs, 3 deaths, many injuries, one conspirator killed, one arrested

This list includes, by reference only, the hundreds of entries in the University of Maryland's Terrorist Organization Database.

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"Spinning out of control". http://www.informationclearinghouse.info. {{cite journal}}: External link in |journal= (help)
"Anonymous gain access to FBI and Scotland Yard hacking call". BBC. British Broadcasting Corporation. 3 February 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
"Bell: 'Corruption on Steroids'". The Los Angeles Times. The Los Angeles Times. 16 Apr. 2014. Retrieved 6 Feb. 2015. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help)
Weiner, Tim (11 May 2008). "Gen. Vang Pao's Last War". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 6 Feb. 2015. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
Clapper, James. "Greek Domestic Terrorism". Counterterrorism 2014 Calendar. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
"LulzSec hacker helps FBI stop over 300 cyber attacks". British Broadcasting Corporation. British Broadcasting Corporation. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
"Boston Marathon Bombings". History.com. A&E Television Networks, LLC. Retrieved 6 February 2015.

Categories:

Revision as of 07:12, 29 July 2015

Notable political conspiracies

See also

References