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| {{Iranian revolution}} | {{Iranian revolution}} | ||
| '''Dahe-ye Fajr''' ({{lang-fa-at|دهه فجر|lit=ten days of dawn}}),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Andrew |last2=Elliott |first2=Mark |title=Iran |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gEca_4iSNCUC&pg=PA382 |accessdate=12 February 2016 |year=2008 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74220-349-2 |page=382}}</ref><ref name="Torab2007"/> i.e. dawning of new age, is a ten-day celebration of ] in 1979.<ref name="Torab2007">{{cite book|author=Azam Torab|title=Performing Islam: Gender and Ritual in Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XsWorLT4p3UC|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|page=143,252|isbn=90-04-15295-4}}</ref><ref name="RidgeonRidgeon2012">{{cite book|author1=Lloyd Ridgeon|author2=Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon|title=Shi'i Islam and Identity: Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M_yobI9adIQC&pg=PA78|date=24 December 2012|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-84885-649-3|page=78}}</ref> The annual celebrations last from 1 to 11 February and are a national holiday.<ref name="Asadi2010">{{cite book|author=Houshang Asadi|title=Letters to My Torturer: Love, Revolution, and Imprisonment in Iran|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gI-unWr0aKwC&pg=PT235|date=1 June 2010|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=978-1-78074-031-7|page=235}}</ref> The start of the celebration coincides with the date of Ruhollah Khomeini's arrival and the ending with Revolution's victory, a day which is called ''Islamic Revolution's Victory Day'' or ''22 of Bahman''.<ref name="RidgeonRidgeon2012 " /><ref name="SakuraiAdelkhah2011">{{cite book|author1=Keiko Sakurai|author2=Fariba Adelkhah|title=The Moral Economy of the Madrasa: Islam and Education Today|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OGzFBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT103|date=7 March 2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-89400-8|page=103}}</ref> | '''Dahe-ye Fajr''' ({{lang-fa-at|دهه فجر|lit=ten days of dawn}}),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Burke |first1=Andrew |last2=Elliott |first2=Mark |title=Iran |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gEca_4iSNCUC&pg=PA382 |accessdate=12 February 2016 |year=2008 |publisher=Lonely Planet |isbn=978-1-74220-349-2 |page=382}}</ref><ref name="Torab2007"/> i.e. dawning of new age, is a ten-day celebration of ] in 1979.<ref name="Torab2007">{{cite book|author=Azam Torab|title=Performing Islam: Gender and Ritual in Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XsWorLT4p3UC|year=2007|publisher=BRILL|page=143,252|isbn=90-04-15295-4}}</ref><ref name="RidgeonRidgeon2012">{{cite book|author1=Lloyd Ridgeon|author2=Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon|title=Shi'i Islam and Identity: Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M_yobI9adIQC&pg=PA78|date=24 December 2012|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-84885-649-3|page=78}}</ref> The annual celebrations last from 1 to 11 February and are a national holiday.<ref name="Asadi2010">{{cite book|author=Houshang Asadi|title=Letters to My Torturer: Love, Revolution, and Imprisonment in Iran|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gI-unWr0aKwC&pg=PT235|date=1 June 2010|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=978-1-78074-031-7|page=235}}</ref> The start of the celebration coincides with the date of Ruhollah Khomeini's arrival and the ending with Revolution's victory, a day which is called ''Islamic Revolution's Victory Day'' or ''22 of Bahman''.<ref name="RidgeonRidgeon2012 " /><ref name="SakuraiAdelkhah2011">{{cite book|author1=Keiko Sakurai|author2=Fariba Adelkhah|title=The Moral Economy of the Madrasa: Islam and Education Today|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=OGzFBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT103|date=7 March 2011|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-89400-8|page=103}}</ref> | ||
| == Etymology == | |||
| Fajr decade known as dawning of new age in Iranian history is referred to a ten days of national celebration after returning of Ruhollah Khomeini from Paris.<ref name="Torab2007" /> | |||
| == The ten days == | == The ten days == | ||
| ] Newspaper titling '']''.]] |
] Newspaper titling '']''.]] | ||
| ⚫ | Dahe-ye Fajr marks the anniversary of the ten days from Khomeini's return to Iran (1 February) until the victory day of the Revolution (''22 Bahman''; 11 February) in 1979.<ref name="RidgeonRidgeon2012"/> | ||
| === 1 February === | |||
| {{main|Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran}} | {{main|Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran}} | ||
| ⚫ | On the first of February 1979, ] Khomeini returned to ] after a period of being exiled by ] to ]. Several million people went to the ] for welcoming ] Khomeini.<ref name="b">{{cite book|last1=Keshavarz|first1=Kourosh|title=Mirror from Stone|date=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oJuqM8tfg8AC&pg=PT36&dq=fajr+decade&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwimnr_R1sTKAhVMSRoKHQyXDagQ6AEINzAF#v=onepage&q=fajr%20decade&f=false}}</ref> Khomeini, then went to ] cemetery where he gave a lecture. Khomeini expressed that ]'s cabinet was illegal. Also, he said he would crash in the mouth of the Bakhtiar's government.<ref name="c">{{cite book|first1=|title=Iran Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments|date=2012|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=9781438774626|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1HORBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA66&dq=mehdi+bazargan++prime+minister&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEmMje5cbKAhXJWBQKHcuUDBsQ6AEIIjAB#v=onepage&q=mehdi%20bazargan%20%20prime%20minister&f=false}}</ref><ref name="Wagner2010">{{cite book|author=Heather Lehr Wagner|title=The Iranian Revolution|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TZLq5TzLNqkC|year=2010|publisher=Infobase Publishing|page=13|isbn=978-1-4381-3236-5}}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Dahe-ye Fajr marks the anniversary of the ten days from Khomeini's return to Iran (1 February) until the victory day of the Revolution (''22 Bahman''; 11 February) in 1979.<ref name="RidgeonRidgeon2012" |
||
| === 5 February === | |||
| Ayatollah Khomeini choose ] as prime minister of interim government.<ref name="c" /> | |||
| === 8 February === | |||
| {{main|Homafaran allegiance}} | |||
| ] officers went to Khomeini's home and promised their loyalty to the revolution.<ref name="i">{{cite book|last1=Int'l Business Publications|title=Iran: Country Study Guide|date=2005|page=124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0KOSUrLPC6IC&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=Bakhtiar+announces+curfew+february+1979&source=bl&ots=m8XMbfkShJ&sig=wLb6leU2IFv3ULpV_ovwtdjDVyI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZnZj99MnKAhUH4D4KHTfFCl8Q6AEIMzAG#v=onepage&q=Bakhtiar%20announces%20curfew%20february%201979&f=false}} | |||
| </ref> | |||
| === 10 February === | |||
| People were armed by the revolutionary personnel of the air force. In this day a curfew was announced by Bakhtiar's government but Ruhollah Khomeini disparaged it and said people had to break it. Then revolutionaries subjugated police stations, prisons and governmental centers.<ref name="f">{{cite web|last1=Hosseini|first1=Mir Masood|title=Bakhtiar Becomes Prime Minister|website=fouman|url=http://1host2u.ir/Y/Get_Iranian_History_Today.php?artid=289}}</ref> | |||
| === 11 February === | |||
| Senior military commanders announced that they were neutral in conflict between Bakhtiar's government and revolutionaries. Thus they receded from the streets.<ref name="i" /> Bakhtiar resigned and went to ]. Revolutionaries gained a victory in this day.<ref>{{cite web|title=1979: Victory for Khomeini as army steps aside|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/11/newsid_3477000/3477323.stm|website=bbc}}</ref> | |||
| == Fajr international festival == | |||
| ⚫ | On the first of February 1979, ] Khomeini returned to ] after being exiled by ] to ]. Several million people |
||
| {{main|Fajr International Film Festival}} | |||
| The ] is held annually in ] during Dahe-ye Fajr. It is organised by the ] and was first held in 1982. It is the largest public film, theater, and music festival in ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ian Hayden|first1=Smith|title=International Film Guide 2012|date=2012|isbn=978-1908215017|page=146}}</ref> | |||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
Revision as of 10:36, 16 February 2016
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Dahe-ye Fajr (Template:Lang-fa-at), i.e. dawning of new age, is a ten-day celebration of Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran in 1979. The annual celebrations last from 1 to 11 February and are a national holiday. The start of the celebration coincides with the date of Ruhollah Khomeini's arrival and the ending with Revolution's victory, a day which is called Islamic Revolution's Victory Day or 22 of Bahman.
Etymology
Fajr decade known as dawning of new age in Iranian history is referred to a ten days of national celebration after returning of Ruhollah Khomeini from Paris.
The ten days
Dahe-ye Fajr marks the anniversary of the ten days from Khomeini's return to Iran (1 February) until the victory day of the Revolution (22 Bahman; 11 February) in 1979.
1 February
Main article: Ruhollah Khomeini's return to IranOn the first of February 1979, Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Tehran after a period of being exiled by Muhammad Reza Pahlavi to France. Several million people went to the Mehrabad International Airport for welcoming Ayatollah Khomeini. Khomeini, then went to Behesht-e Zahra cemetery where he gave a lecture. Khomeini expressed that Shapour Bakhtiar's cabinet was illegal. Also, he said he would crash in the mouth of the Bakhtiar's government.
5 February
Ayatollah Khomeini choose Mehdi Bazargan as prime minister of interim government.
8 February
Main article: Homafaran allegianceIran air force officers went to Khomeini's home and promised their loyalty to the revolution.
10 February
People were armed by the revolutionary personnel of the air force. In this day a curfew was announced by Bakhtiar's government but Ruhollah Khomeini disparaged it and said people had to break it. Then revolutionaries subjugated police stations, prisons and governmental centers.
11 February
Senior military commanders announced that they were neutral in conflict between Bakhtiar's government and revolutionaries. Thus they receded from the streets. Bakhtiar resigned and went to Paris. Revolutionaries gained a victory in this day.
Fajr international festival
Main article: Fajr International Film FestivalThe Fajr International Film Festival is held annually in Tehran during Dahe-ye Fajr. It is organised by the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance and was first held in 1982. It is the largest public film, theater, and music festival in Iran.
See also
References
- Burke, Andrew; Elliott, Mark (2008). Iran. Lonely Planet. p. 382. ISBN 978-1-74220-349-2. Retrieved 12 February 2016.
- ^ Azam Torab (2007). Performing Islam: Gender and Ritual in Islam. BRILL. p. 143,252. ISBN 90-04-15295-4.
- ^ Lloyd Ridgeon; Lloyd V. J. Ridgeon (24 December 2012). Shi'i Islam and Identity: Religion, Politics and Change in the Global Muslim Community. I.B.Tauris. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-84885-649-3.
- Houshang Asadi (1 June 2010). Letters to My Torturer: Love, Revolution, and Imprisonment in Iran. Oneworld Publications. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-78074-031-7.
- Keiko Sakurai; Fariba Adelkhah (7 March 2011). The Moral Economy of the Madrasa: Islam and Education Today. Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-136-89400-8.
- Keshavarz, Kourosh (2009). Mirror from Stone.
- ^ Iran Country Study Guide Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. Lulu.com. 2012. p. 65. ISBN 9781438774626.
- Heather Lehr Wagner (2010). The Iranian Revolution. Infobase Publishing. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4381-3236-5.
- ^ Int'l Business Publications (2005). Iran: Country Study Guide. p. 124.
{{cite book}}:|last1=has generic name (help) - Hosseini, Mir Masood. "Bakhtiar Becomes Prime Minister". fouman.
- "1979: Victory for Khomeini as army steps aside". bbc.
- Ian Hayden, Smith (2012). International Film Guide 2012. p. 146. ISBN 978-1908215017.