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| The '''Manicouagan River''' is a river in ] region of ], ]. The river originates in the ] and flows approximately {{convert|200|km}} south, emptying into the ] near ].<ref name=Atlas/> The reservoir, also known as Lake Manicouagan, lies within the remnant of an ancient eroded ] (]). It was formed following the impact of a {{convert|5|km|mi}} diameter ] which excavated a crater originally about {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide, although erosion and deposition of sediments have since reduced the visible diameter to about {{convert|72|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The ] is the sixth-largest confirmed impact crater known on earth.<ref></ref> | The '''Manicouagan River''' is a river in ] region of ], ]. The river originates in the ] and flows approximately {{convert|200|km}} south, emptying into the ] near ].<ref name=Atlas/> The reservoir, also known as Lake Manicouagan, lies within the remnant of an ancient eroded ] (]). It was formed following the impact of a {{convert|5|km|mi}} diameter ] which excavated a crater originally about {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide, although erosion and deposition of sediments have since reduced the visible diameter to about {{convert|72|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The ] is the sixth-largest confirmed impact crater known on earth.<ref></ref> | ||
| The river's name, often abbreviated to '''Manic''', is believed to come from a ] word meaning "where tree bark is found". However the ] of ] call it ''Menukuanistuk Shipu'', which means "river of the cup".<ref name="CTQ-M">{{cite web |url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=38462 |title=Rivière Manicouagan |publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec |accessdate=2010-10-20 |language=French}}</ref> | The river's name, often abbreviated to '''Manic''', is believed to come from a ] word meaning "where tree bark is found". However the ] of ] call it ''Menukuanistuk Shipu'', which means "river of the cup".<ref name="CTQ-M">{{cite web |url=http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=38462 |title=Rivière Manicouagan |publisher=Commission de toponymie du Québec |accessdate=2010-10-20 |language=French}}</ref> | ||
| ==Tributaries== | ==Tributaries== | ||
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| At the end of August 1535, ], while sailing south, noted the mouth of this large river but gave it no name. In June 1664, Jesuit {{link-interwiki|vertical-align=sup|en=Henri Nouvel|lang=fr|lang_title=Henri Nouvel}} was the first ] to travel upstream of the "Grand Manikouaganistikou River that the French call ''rivière Noire'' because of its depth". The next year, he "returned to the mouth of the Manicoüagan in June." The river's spelling has remained fairly constant from then on.<ref name="CTQ-M"/> | At the end of August 1535, ], while sailing south, noted the mouth of this large river but gave it no name. In June 1664, Jesuit {{link-interwiki|vertical-align=sup|en=Henri Nouvel|lang=fr|lang_title=Henri Nouvel}} was the first ] to travel upstream of the "Grand Manikouaganistikou River that the French call ''rivière Noire'' because of its depth". The next year, he "returned to the mouth of the Manicoüagan in June." The river's spelling has remained fairly constant from then on.<ref name="CTQ-M"/> | ||
| In the early 1950s, the Manicouagan River attracted ]'s attention for ] development because of the deep and fast running waters. In 1956, a dam was built at the mouth of Lake Sainte-Anne to regulate the Toulnustouc River, the main left tributary that empties in the Manicouagan between the Manic-2 and Manic-3 dams. Four years later, the main construction work began on the dams and power stations of the Manicouagan River and its neighbor to the west, the ]. By 1978, this project, with a total power supply 4672 MW, was completed.<ref name="CTQ-M"/> | In the early 1950s, the Manicouagan River attracted ]'s attention for ] development because of the deep and fast running waters. In 1956, a dam was built at the mouth of Lake Sainte-Anne to regulate the Toulnustouc River, the main left tributary that empties in the Manicouagan between the Manic-2 and Manic-3 dams. Four years later, the main construction work began on the dams and power stations of the Manicouagan River and its neighbor to the west, the ]. By 1978, this project, with a total power supply 4672 MW, was completed.<ref name="CTQ-M"/> | ||
| ==Hydro-electric dams== | ==Hydro-electric dams== | ||
| There are a number of hydroelectric power plants on the Manicouagan, part of the |
There are a number of hydroelectric power plants on the Manicouagan, part of the Manic-Outardes Project:<ref>Ministry of Natural Resources of Quebec and Hydro-Québec</ref> | ||
| * ] - 335 MW, owned by ] and ]. | * ] - 335 MW, owned by ] and ]. | ||
| * ] - 184 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec. | * ] - 184 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec. | ||
Revision as of 02:08, 8 March 2016
The Manicouagan River is a river in Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada. The river originates in the Manicouagan Reservoir and flows approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) south, emptying into the Saint Lawrence River near Baie-Comeau. The reservoir, also known as Lake Manicouagan, lies within the remnant of an ancient eroded impact crater (astrobleme). It was formed following the impact of a 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) diameter asteroid which excavated a crater originally about 100 km (62 mi) wide, although erosion and deposition of sediments have since reduced the visible diameter to about 72 km (45 mi). The Manicouagan crater is the sixth-largest confirmed impact crater known on earth.
The river's name, often abbreviated to Manic, is believed to come from a Montagnais word meaning "where tree bark is found". However the Innu of Betsiamites call it Menukuanistuk Shipu, which means "river of the cup".
Tributaries
The major tributaries of the Manicouagan River are in upstream order:
- Toulnustouc River
- Isoukustouc River
- Fontmarais River
- Lemay River
- Manicouagan Reservoir
- Mouchalagane River
- Seignelay River
- Themines River
History
At the end of August 1535, Jacques Cartier, while sailing south, noted the mouth of this large river but gave it no name. In June 1664, Jesuit ] was the first missionary to travel upstream of the "Grand Manikouaganistikou River that the French call rivière Noire because of its depth". The next year, he "returned to the mouth of the Manicoüagan in June." The river's spelling has remained fairly constant from then on.
In the early 1950s, the Manicouagan River attracted Hydro-Québec's attention for hydro-electric development because of the deep and fast running waters. In 1956, a dam was built at the mouth of Lake Sainte-Anne to regulate the Toulnustouc River, the main left tributary that empties in the Manicouagan between the Manic-2 and Manic-3 dams. Four years later, the main construction work began on the dams and power stations of the Manicouagan River and its neighbor to the west, the Outardes River. By 1978, this project, with a total power supply 4672 MW, was completed.
Hydro-electric dams
There are a number of hydroelectric power plants on the Manicouagan, part of the Manic-Outardes Project:
- McCormick generating station - 335 MW, owned by Hydro-Québec and Alcoa.
- Manic 1 generating station - 184 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
- Jean-Lesage generating station, formerly Manic-2 Power Station - 1024 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
- René-Lévesque generating station, formerly Manic-3 Power Station - 1244 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
- Manic 4 - Abandoned project
- Daniel-Johnson Dam:
- Manic-5 generating station - 1592 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
- Manic-5-PA generating station - 1064 MW, operated by Hydro-Québec.
References
- Cite error: The named reference
Atlaswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - Earth Impact Database
- ^ "Rivière Manicouagan" (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- Ministry of Natural Resources of Quebec and Hydro-Québec