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''This article will contain many movie things, such as people jumping of stages,musical voice cracks, and punching balls for high notes.''

{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox Musical
|name= The Sound of Music
|image = Musical1959-SoundOfMusic-OriginalPoster.jpg|
|image_size = 250px
|caption = Original Broadway poster (1959)
|music= ]
|lyrics= ]
|book= ]<br />]
|basis= 1956 German film '']'' and ]'s autobiography '']''
|productions= {{Plain list|
* 1959 ]
* 1961 ]
* International productions
* 1981 West End ]
* 1998 Broadway ]
* 2006 West End ]
* 2009–11 ] Tour
* 2015 US Tour
<!-- PLEASE LIST ONLY MAJOR MARKET PRODUCTIONS IN THE INFOBOX -->
}}
}}

'''''The Sound of Music''''' is a ] with music by ], lyrics by ] and a book by ] and ]. It is based on the memoir of ], '']''. Set in Austria on the eve of the ] in 1938, the musical tells the story of Maria, who takes a job as governess to a large family while she decides whether to become a nun. She falls in love with the children, and eventually their widowed father, Captain von Trapp. He is ordered to accept a commission in the German navy, but he opposes the Nazis. He and Maria decide on a plan to flee Austria with the children. Many songs from the musical have become ], such as "]", "]", "]", "]", and the title song "]".

The original ] production, starring ] and ], opened on November 16, 1959.<ref name="Soundof">{{cite web|url= http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/51671/sound-of-music-the-forgotten-maria|title= Sound of Music: The Forgotten Maria|publisher= LIFE.com}}</ref> It won five ], including Best Musical, out of nine nominations. The original London production opened at the ] on May 18, 1961. The show has enjoyed numerous productions and revivals since then. It was adapted as a ] starring ] and ], which won five ]s. ''The Sound of Music'' was the last musical written by ]; Oscar Hammerstein died of cancer nine months after the Broadway premiere.

==History==
After viewing '']'', a 1956 ] film about the von Trapp family, and its 1958 sequel ('']''), stage director ] thought that the project would be perfect for his friend ]; Broadway producers ] and Richard Halliday (Martin's husband) agreed.<ref>Nolan, 244</ref> The producers originally envisioned a non-musical play that would be written by ] and that would feature songs from the repertoire of the Trapp Family Singers. Then they decided to add an original song or two, perhaps by ]. But it was soon agreed that the project should feature all new songs and be a musical rather than a play.<ref name="Rodgers">{{cite web|url= http://www.rnh.com/show/95/The-Sound-of-Music|accessdate=May 19, 2011|title= The Sound of Music :: Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization :: Show Details|publisher= The Rodgers & Hammerstein Organization}} (Show History section)</ref>

Details of the history of the von Trapp family were altered for the musical. The real ] did live with his family in a villa in ], a suburb of ]. He wrote to the ] in 1926 asking for a nun to help tutor his sick daughter, and the ] sent ]. His wife had died in 1922. The real Maria and Georg married at the Nonnberg Abbey in 1927. Lindsay and Crouse altered the story so that Maria was governess to all of the children, whose names and ages were changed, as was Maria's original surname (the show used "Rainer" instead of "Kutschera"). The von Trapps spent some years in Austria after Maria and the Captain married and was offered a commission in Germany's navy. Since Von Trapp opposed the Nazis by that time, the family left Austria after the ], going by train to ] and then traveling on to London and the United States.<ref name="nara">Gearin, Joan. , '']'' magazine, Winter 2005, Vol. 37, No. 4, ]</ref> To make the story more dramatic, Lindsay and Crouse had the family, soon after Maria's and the Captain's wedding, escape over the mountains to Switzerland on foot.

==Story==

===Act I===
In ], just before ], nuns from ] sing the '']''. One of the ]s, Maria Rainer, is on the nearby mountainside, regretting leaving the beautiful hills ("]") where she was brought up. She returns late. The Mother ] and the other nuns consider what to do about her ("]"). Maria explains her lateness, saying she was raised on that mountain, and apologizes for singing in the garden without permission. The Mother Abbess joins her in song ("]").<!-- THIS IS CORRECT FOR THE STAGE VERSION --><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.soundofmusiclondon.com/show/musicalnumbers.php |title=Welcome to the Official Sound of Music London Web Site |publisher=Soundofmusiclondon.com |date= |accessdate=August 29, 2012}}</ref> The Mother Abbess tells her that she should spend some time outside the ] to decide whether she is ready for the ] life. She will act as the ] to the seven children of a ], ] submarine Captain ].

Maria arrives at the villa of Captain von Trapp. He explains her duties and summons the children with a ]. They march in, clad in uniforms. He teaches her their individual signals on the call, but she openly disapproves of this militaristic approach. Alone with them, she breaks through their wariness and teaches them the basics of music ("]").

Rolf, a young messenger, delivers a telegram and then meets with the oldest child, Liesl, outside the villa. He claims he knows what is right for her because he is a year older than she ("]"). They kiss, and he runs off, leaving her screaming with joy. Meanwhile, the housekeeper, Frau Schmidt, gives Maria material to make new clothes, as she had given all her possessions to the poor. She sees Liesl slipping in through the window, wet from a sudden thunderstorm, but agrees to keep her secret. The other children are frightened by the storm. Maria sings "]" to distract them.<!-- "The Lonely Goatherd" is correct here for the stage version: please do not change it. -->

Captain von Trapp arrives a month later with Elsa Schräder and Max Detweiler. Elsa tells Max that something is preventing the Captain from marrying her. He opines that only poor people have the time for great romances ("How Can Love Survive"). Rolf enters, looking for Liesl, and greets them with "Heil". The Captain orders him away, saying that he is Austrian, not German. Maria and the children ] in, wearing playclothes that she made from old drapes. Infuriated, the Captain sends them off to change. She tells him that they need him to love them, and he angrily orders her back to the abbey. As she apologizes, they hear the children singing "The Sound of Music", which she had taught them, to welcome Elsa Schräder. He joins in and embraces them. Alone with Maria, he asks her to stay, thanking her for bringing music back into his house. Elsa is suspicious of her until she explains that she will be returning to the abbey in September.

The Captain gives a party to introduce Elsa, and guests argue over the '']''. Kurt asks Maria to teach him to dance the ]. When he is unable to negotiate a complicated figure, the Captain steps in to demonstrate. He and Maria dance until they come face-to-face; and she breaks away, embarrassed and confused. Discussing the expected marriage between Elsa and the Captain, Brigitta tells Maria that she thinks Maria and the Captain are really in love with each other. Elsa asks the Captain to allow the children say goodnight to the guests with a song, "So Long, Farewell". Max is amazed at their talent and wants them for the Kaltzberg Festival, which he is organizing. The guests leave for the dining room, and Maria slips out the front door with her luggage.

At the abbey, Maria says that she is ready to take her ]; but the Mother Abbess realizes that she is running away from her feelings. She tells her to face the Captain and discover if they love each other, and tells her to search for and find the life she was meant to live ("]").

===Act II===
Max teaches the children how to sing on stage. When the Captain tries to lead them, they complain that he is not doing it as Maria did. He tells them that he has asked Elsa to marry him. They try to cheer themselves up by singing "My Favorite Things" but are unsuccessful until they hear Maria singing on her way to rejoin them. Learning of the wedding plans, she decides to stay only until the Captain can arrange for another governess. Max and Elsa argue with him about the imminent '']'', trying to convince him that it is inevitable ("]"). When he refuses to compromise, Elsa breaks off the engagement. Alone, the Captain and Maria finally admit their love, desiring only to be "An Ordinary Couple". As they marry, the nuns reprise "Maria" against the wedding processional.

During the honeymoon, Max prepares the children to perform at the Kaltzberg Festival. Herr Zeller, the '']'', demands to know why they are not flying the flag of the ] now that the ''Anschluss'' has occurred. The Captain and Maria return early from their honeymoon before the Festival. In view of developments, he refuses to allow the children to sing. Max argues that they would sing for Austria, but the Captain points out that it no longer exists. Maria and Liesl discuss romantic love; Maria predicts that in a few years Liesl will be married ("Sixteen Going on Seventeen (Reprise)"). Rolf enters with a telegram that offers the Captain a commission in the ], and Liesl is upset to discover that Rolf is now a committed ]. The Captain consults Maria and decides that they must secretly flee Austria. German Admiral von Schreiber arrives to find out why Captain Von Trapp has not answered the telegram. He explains that the German Navy holds him in high regard, offers him the commission, and tells him to report immediately to ] to assume command. Maria says that he cannot leave immediately, as they are all singing in the Festival concert; and the Admiral agrees to wait.

At the concert, after the von Trapps sing an elaborate reprise of "Do-Re-Mi", Max brings out the Captain's guitar. Captain von Trapp sings "]", as a goodbye to his homeland, while using ] as a symbol to declare his loyalty to the country. Max asks for an encore and announces that this is the von Trapp family's last chance to sing together, as the honor guard waits to escort the Captain to his new command. While the judges decide on the prizes, the von Trapps sing "So Long, Farewell", leaving the stage in small groups. Max then announces the runners-up, stalling as much as possible. When he announces that the first prize goes to the von Trapps and they do not appear, the ] start a search. The family hides at the Abbey, and Sister Margaretta tells them that the borders have been closed. Rolf comes upon them and calls his lieutenant, but upon seeing Liesl hiding he reports that he has found no one. After the Nazis leave, the von Trapps flee over the ] as the nuns reprise "Climb Ev'ry Mountain".

==Musical numbers==
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
;Act I
* "Preludium"&nbsp;– Nuns
* "]"&nbsp;– Maria
* "]"&nbsp;– Sister Berthe, Sister Sophia, Sister Margaretta, and the Mother Abbess
* "]"&nbsp;– Maria and the Mother Abbess
* "My Favorite Things" (reprise 1)&nbsp;– Maria
* "]"&nbsp;– Maria and the children
* "]"&nbsp;– Rolf and Liesl
* "]"&nbsp;– Maria and the children
* "The Lonely Goatherd" (reprise)&nbsp;– Gretl
* "How Can Love Survive"&nbsp;– Max and Elsa
* "The Sound of Music" (reprise)&nbsp;– Maria, the Captain and the children
* "]" (instrumental)
* "So Long, Farewell"&nbsp;– The children
* "Morning Hymn"&nbsp;– Nuns
* "]"&nbsp;– Mother Abbess

{{col-break}}
;Act II
* "My Favorite Things" (reprise 2)&nbsp;– Maria and the children
* "]"&nbsp;– Elsa, Max and the Captain
* "An Ordinary Couple"&nbsp;– Maria and the Captain&nbsp;†
* "Gaudeamus Domino"&nbsp;– Nuns
* "Maria" (reprise)&nbsp;– Nuns
* "Confitemini Domino"&nbsp;– Nuns
* "Sixteen Going on Seventeen" (reprise)&nbsp;– Maria and Liesl
* "Do-Re-Mi" (reprise)&nbsp;– Maria, the Captain, and the children&nbsp;‡
* "]"&nbsp;– The Captain
* "So Long, Farewell" (reprise)&nbsp;– Maria, the Captain, and the children
* "Finale Ultimo" (reprise of "Climb Every Mountain")&nbsp;– Nuns
{{col-end}}

;Notes
* ''The musical numbers listed appeared in the original production unless otherwise noted.
* † Sometimes replaced by "Something Good", which was written for the film version.
* ‡ Replaced by "The Lonely Goatherd" in the 1998 revival.
* In some productions, "My Favorite Things" follows "Sixteen Going on Seventeen" in the thunderstorm scene, while "The Lonely Goatherd" is shifted to the concert scene.
* Many stage revivals have also included "I Have Confidence" and "Something Good", which were written by Richard Rodgers for the film version (since the film was made after original lyricist Oscar Hammerstein's death).
* Although many people believe that "Edelweiss" is a traditional Austrian song, it was in fact written for the musical and did not become known in Austria until after the film's success.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/07_july/11/maria_facts.shtml |title=Information from the BBC website |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=November 16, 1959 |accessdate=August 29, 2012}}</ref>
* The ] dance performed by Maria and the Captain during the party is only loosely based on the traditional Austrian dance of the same name.<ref> {{wayback|url=http://www.earthlydelights.com.au/other2.htm |date=20120210005230 }}</ref>

==Main characters==
Sources: Rodgers & Hammerstein<ref>{{cite web | title = ''The Sound of Music'' Cast Requirements |work = Rodgers & Hammerstein |url =http://www.rnh.com/show/95/the-sound-of-music#shows-castrequirements|accessdate =July 27, 2012}}</ref> Guidetomusicaltheatre.com<ref>{{cite web | title=''The Sound of Music'' |work= Guidetomusicaltheatre.com |url=http://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/shows_s/soundofmusic.htm |accessdate =July 27, 2012}}</ref>

* ], a postulant at Nonnberg Abbey
* Captain ]
* Max Detweiler, Captain von Trapp's friend, a music agent and producer
* The Mother Abbess, the head of ]
* Baroness Elsa Schraeder<ref name="RodgersHammerstein1960">{{cite book|last1=Rodgers|first1=Richard|authorlink1=Richard Rodgers|last2=Hammerstein|first2=Oscar|authorlink2=Oscar Hammerstein II|title=The Sound of Music|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CgMcRb8fJ0C&pg=PA2|accessdate=July 9, 2012|year=1960|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-0-88188-050-2|page=2}}</ref> "wealthy and sophisticated" and Captain von Trapp's would-be fiancée
* Rolf Gruber, the 17-year-old Nazi delivery boy who is in love with Liesl
* Sister Bertha, the Mistress of Novices
* Sister Margareta, the Mistress of Postulants
* Sister Sophia, a sister at the Abbey
* Herr Zeller, the ]
* Franz, Captain von Trapp's butler
* Frau Schmidt, Captain von Trapp's housekeeper
* The Children:
** Liesl von Trapp, age 16
** Friedrich von Trapp, age 14
** Louisa von Trapp, age 13
** Kurt von Trapp, age 11
** Brigitta von Trapp, age 10
** Marta von Trapp, age 7
** Gretl von Trapp, age 5

==Productions==

===Original productions===
''The Sound of Music'' opened on ] at the ] on November 16, 1959, moved to the ] on November 6, 1962 and closed on June 15, 1963 after 1,443 performances. The director was ], and the choreographer was ]. The original cast included ] (at age 46) as Maria, ] as Captain Georg von Trapp, ] as Mother Abbess, ] as Max Detweiler, ] as Elsa Schrader, Brian Davies as Rolf and ] as Liesl. Sopranos ] and ] were ensemble members in the original production. The show tied for the ] for Best Musical with '']''. Other awards included Martin for Best Actress in a Musical, Neway for Best Featured Actress, Best Scenic Design (]) and Best Musical Direction (Frederick Dvonch). Bikel and Kasznar were nominated for acting awards, and Donehue was nominated for his direction. The entire children's cast was nominated for Best Featured Actress category as a single nominee, even though two children were boys.

] replaced Martin in the role of Maria on Broadway in October 1961, followed by Karen Gantz in July 1962, Jeannie Carson in August 1962<ref>August 1962 PLAYBILL from the Lunt-Fontanne Theatre</ref> and ] in September 1962. ], who eventually married co-star Lauri Peters, was a replacement for Rolf. The national tour starred ] as Maria and ] as Mother Abbess. It opened at the ], Detroit, on February 27, 1961 and closed November 23, 1963 at the ], Toronto. Henderson was succeeded by Barbara Meister in June 1962. Theodore Bikel was not satisfied playing the role of the Captain, because of the role's limited singing, {{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} and Bikel did not like to play the same role over and over again. In his autobiography, he writes: "I promised myself then that if I could afford it, I would never do a run as long as that again."<ref>Bikel, Theodore. ''Theo: The Autobiography of Theodore Bikel'', Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2002, ISBN 0-299-18284-3, p. Z-17</ref> The original Broadway ] sold three million copies.

The musical premiered in London's ] at the ] on May 18, 1961, and ran for 2,385 performances. It was directed by Jerome Whyte and used the original New York choreography, supervised by Joe Layton, and the original sets designed by Oliver Smith. The cast included Jean Bayless as Maria, followed by Sonia Rees, Roger Dann as Captain von Trapp, Constance Shacklock as Mother Abbess, ] as Elsa Schrader, Harold Kasket as Max Detweiler, Barbara Brown as Liesl, Nicholas Bennett as Rolf and ] as Sister Margaretta.<ref>Green, ''Encyclopedia'', p. 396</ref>

===1981 London revival===
In 1981, at producer Ross Taylor's urging, ] agreed to star in a revival of the show at the ] in ]'s ]. ] played Captain von Trapp, ] was the Baroness and June Bronhill the Mother Abbess. Other notable cast members included ], ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://broadwayworld.com/shows/cast.php?showid=7268 |title=Cast list at Broadway World |publisher=Broadwayworld.com |accessdate=August 21, 2012}}</ref> Despite Clark's misgivings that, at age 49, she was too old to play the role convincingly, Clark opened to unanimous rave reviews (and the largest advance sale in the history of British theatre at that time). Maria von Trapp herself, present at the opening night performance, described Clark as "the best" Maria ever. Clark extended her initial six-month contract to thirteen months. Playing to 101 percent of ], the show set the highest attendance figure for a single week (October 26–31, 1981) of any British musical production in history (as recorded in ''The Guinness Book of Theatre'').<ref>Maslon, p. 150</ref> This was the first stage production to incorporate the two additional songs ("Something Good" and "I Have Confidence") that Richard Rodgers composed for the film version.<ref name="Hischak, p. 259">Hischak, p. 259</ref> The song "My Favorite Things" was placed into the same context as in the film version and the short verse "A Bell is No Bell" was extended into a full-length song for Maria and the Mother Abbess while "The Lonely Goatherd" was set in a new scene at a village fair. The cast recording of this production was the first to be recorded digitally. In 2010 the UK label 'Pet Sounds' officially released the album on CD with two bonus tracks from the original Epic 45rpm single issued to promote the production.

===1998 Broadway revival===
Director ] staged the first Broadway revival of ''The Sound of Music'', with ] as Maria and ] as Captain von Trapp. It also featured ] as Mother Abbess, ] as Elsa Schrader, ] as Max Detweiler, ] as Rolf, ] as Frau Schmidt and ], in her Broadway debut, as Luker's ]. Later, Luker and Siberry were replaced by ] as the Captain and Benanti as Maria. ] made his Broadway debut as the understudy for Kurt von Trapp. The production opened on March 12, 1998, at the ], and closed on June 20, 1999 after 533 performances. This production was nominated for a ] for Best Revival of a Musical.<ref> playbillvault.com, accessed October 15, 2015</ref> It then went on tour in North America.

===2006 London revival===
An ] production opened on November 15, 2006, at the ] and ran until February 2009, produced by Live Nation's ] and ]. Following failed negotiations with Hollywood star ],<ref> contactmusic.com, July 27, 2006</ref> the role of Maria was cast through a UK talent search reality TV show called '']'' The talent show was produced by (and starred) Andrew Lloyd Webber and featured presenter/comedian ] and a judging panel of ], ] and ].

] was selected by public voting as the winner of the show. In early 2007, Fisher suffered from a heavy cold that prevented her from performing for two weeks. To prevent further disruptions, an alternate Maria, ], a fellow contestant on ''How Do You Solve a Problem like Maria?'', played Maria on Monday evenings and Wednesday matinee performances. ] was originally cast as Captain von Trapp, but after two preview performances he was withdrawn from the production, and ] moved into the role in time for the official opening date along with ] as the Mother Abbess. After Garrett left, ] took the role. The cast also featured ] as the Baroness, ] as Max, ] as Liesl, and ] as Rolf. Other notable replacements have included ] and ] as the Captain and newcomer Amy Lennox as Liesl. ] replaced Fisher in February 2008, with Mulholland and later Gemma Baird portraying Maria on Monday evenings and Wednesday matinees.

The revival received enthusiastic reviews, especially for Fisher, Preece, Bould and Garrett. A cast recording of the London Palladium cast was released.<ref> {{wayback|url=http://www.theatre.com/story/id/3004750 |date=20080725132621 }}</ref> The production closed on February 21, 2009, after a run of over two years<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/126544.html="So|title=Long, Farewell": London's Sound of Music Closes Feb. 21|work=Playbill}}</ref> and was followed by a UK national tour, described below.

===Other notable productions===
;1960s to 2000

The first Australian production opened at ]'s ] in 1961 and ran for three years. The production was directed by Charles Hickman, with musical numbers staged by Ernest Parham. The cast included ] as Maria, ] as Captain von Trapp and ] as Mother Abbess. A touring company then played for years, with Vanessa Lee (Graves' wife) in the role of Maria. The cast recording made in 1961 was the first time a major overseas production featuring Australian artists was transferred to disc.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

A Puerto Rican production, performed in English, opened at the ] in ] under the direction of Pablo Cabrera in 1966. It starred ] as María and Raúl Dávila as Captain Von Trapp, and it featured a young ] as Liesl. In 1968, the production transferred to the ] in ], Spain, where it was performed in Spanish with Carrión reprising the role of María, ] as Captain Von Trapp and ] as Max.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

In 1988, the Snow Troupe of ] performed the musical at the Bow Hall (Takarazuka, ]). Harukaze Hitomi and Gou Mayuka starred.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} A 1990 ] production was directed by ]'s son, James. It featured ] as Maria, ] as Captain von Trapp, and ] as Max.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} In the 1993 Stockholm production, ] played Maria and ] played Captain von Trapp.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}

An Australian revival played in the Lyric Theatre, ], New South Wales, from November 1999 to February 2000. ] played Maria, ] was Captain von Trapp, ] was Max, ] was Mother Abbess, and ] was Marta. This production was based on the 1998 Broadway revival staging.<ref>Rose, Colin. "Head for the hills; Stage", ''The Sun Herald'' (Sydney, Australia), November 14, 1999, ''Time Out'', p. 15</ref> The production then toured until February 2001, in Melbourne, ], Perth and ]. ] took over as Maria in Perth and Adelaide, and ] took over as Captain von Trapp in Perth.<ref>Critics' Choice, ''The Australian'', April 14, 2000, Features, p. 11</ref><ref>Barclay, Alison. "Von Trapps' house is full", ''Herald Sun'' (Melbourne, Australia), July 7, 2000, p. 89</ref><ref>Aldred, Debra. "Lisa can sing for her supper of marshmallows", ''Courier Mail'' (Queensland, Australia), August 4, 2000, p. 7</ref><ref>Archdall, Susan. "Rachael's happy to go her own way", ''The Advertiser'', January 1, 2001, p. 77</ref>

;21st century

An Austrian production premiered in 2005 at the ] in German. It was directed and choreographed by Renaud Doucet. The cast included Sandra Pires as Maria, Kurt Schreibmayer and Michael Kraus as von Trapp, with ] as Mother Abbess. As of 2012, the production was still in the repertoire of the Volksoper with 12–20 performances per season.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.volksoper.at/Content.Node2/home/index.php |title=Website of the Volksoper Wien |publisher=Volksoper.at |date= |accessdate=August 29, 2012}}</ref><ref>Official season programmes of the Volksoper Wien, 2005/06, 2006/07, 2007/08</ref><ref>Lash, Larry L. "The Sound of Music", ''Variety'', March 7, 2005 – March 13, 2005, Legit Reviews; Abroad, p. 57</ref>

The ] has toured extensively with their version that features the recorded voices of Broadway singers such as ] as Maria.<ref>Genzlinger, Neil. , ''The New York Times'', December 7, 2007</ref> The tour began in ], Texas, in 2007<ref> {{wayback|url=http://www.guidelive.com/sharedcontent/dws/ent/columnists/ltaitte/stories/DN-puppet_gl03.ART.State.Edition2.4291906.html |date=20150518092822 }}</ref> and continued in Salzburg in 2008.<ref> {{wayback|url=http://www.marionetten.at/marionetten/marionetten/shop_karten |date=20090728073725 }}</ref> The director is ].<ref> {{wayback|url=http://www.marionetten.at/marionetten/marionetten/sound-of-music |date=20090228172845 }}</ref> In 2010, the production was given in Paris, France, with dialogue in French and the songs in English.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} In 2008, a Brazilian production with Kiara Sasso as Maria and Herson Capri as the Captain played in ] and ],<ref></ref> and a Dutch production was mounted with Wieneke Remmers as Maria, directed by John Yost.<ref> {{wayback|url=http://www.efteling.com/thesoundofmusic/ |date=20150404195001 }}</ref>

], ] and ] presented ''The Sound of Music'' at the ] in Toronto from 2008 to 2010. The role of Maria was chosen by the public through a television show, '']'', which was produced by Lloyd Webber and Ian and aired in mid-2008. ] won<ref>Lipton, Brian Scott., Theatermania.com, September 25, 2007</ref> and played the role six times a week, while the runner-up in the TV show, Janna Polzin, played Maria twice a week.<ref name="Turnsout2008">{{cite news| url=http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/article/478044 | work=The Star | location=Toronto | title=Turns out Janna's a 'Maria' after all | date=August 14, 2008 | accessdate=May 25, 2010}}</ref> Captain von Trapp was played by ]. The show ran for more than 500 performances. It was Toronto's longest running revival ever.<ref>BWW News Desk. , Broadwayworld.com, January 10, 2010</ref>

A UK tour began in 2009 and visited more than two dozen cities before ending in 2011. The original cast included ] as Maria, ] as Captain von Trapp and ] as the Mother Abbess. Kirsty Malpass was the alternate Maria.<ref>, Thesoundofmusictour.com, Retrieved May 18, 2009</ref> ] assumed the role of Captain Von Trapp, and ] took over as Maria, in early 2011. ] reprised her role as Mother Abbess for the tour's final engagement in ] in October 2011.

A production ran at the Ópera-Citi theater in ], Argentina in 2011. The cast included Laura Conforte as Maria and Diego Ramos as Captain Von Trapp.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lanoviciarebelde.com/|title=lanoviciarebelde.com|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=La Novicia Rebelde|first=Argentina|title=La Novicia Rebelde|url=http://www.lanoviciarebelde.com/}}</ref> A Spanish national tour began in November 2011 at the ] in ] in the ]. The tour visited 29 Spanish cities, spending one year in ]'s ] at the Teatro Coliseum, and one season at the Tívoli Theatre in ]. It was directed by Jaime Azpilicueta and starred Silvia Luchetti as Maria and Carlos J. Benito as Captain Von Trapp.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/spain/article/BWW-TV-Sonrisas-y-lgrimas-se-prepara-para-su-gira-espaola-20111202|title=BWW TV: 'Sonrisas y lágrimas' se prepara para su gira española|author=Nuria Frutos|work=BroadwayWorld.com}}</ref>

A production was mounted at the ] from July to September 2013.<ref name ="extend" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.whatsonstage.com/news/theatre/london/E8831345035584/To+Kill+A+Mockingbird+%26+Sound+of+Music+lead+2013+Open+Air+season.html|title=''To Kill A Mockingbird'' & ''Sound of Music'' lead 2013 Open Air season|publisher=whatsonstage.com|date=15 August 2012|accessdate=28 October 2012}}</ref> It starred Charlotte Wakefield as Maria, with Michael Xavier as Captain von Trapp and ] as Elsa.<ref name ="extend">, Playbill, Retrieved November 7, 2013</ref> It received enthusiastic reviews and became the highest-grossing production ever at the theatre.<ref name ="extend" /> In 2014, the show was nominated for Best Musical Revival at the ] and Wakefield was nominated for Best Actress in a Musical.<ref>, Broadwayworld, retrieved 10 March 2014</ref>

A brief South Korean production played in 2014,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2982837|title=2014.1.1 Ticket|work=]|date=1 January 2014}}</ref> as did a South African production at the Artscape in ] and at the Teatro at ] based on Lloyd Webber and Ian’s London Palladium production.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} The same year, a Spanish language translation opened at Teatro de la Universidad in San Juan, under the direction of Edgar García. It starred ] as Maria and ] as Captain Von Trapp, with ] as Elsa.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://elvocero.com/en-cartelera-the-sound-of-music/|title=En cartelera The Sound of Music|publisher=}}</ref> A production (in Thai: ''มนต์รักเพลงสวรรค์'') ran at Muangthai ratchadalai Theatre, ], Thailand, in April 2015 in the Thai language. The production replaced the song "Ordinary couple" with "Something Good".<ref></ref><ref>, NationMultimedia.com</ref><ref>, ''Bangkok Post''</ref>

A North American tour, directed by ] and choreographed by Danny Mefford, began at the ] in Los Angeles in September 2015. The tour is scheduled to run until at least July 2016.<ref>, Broadwayworld, retrieved 1 May 2015</ref> ] plays Maria, with Ben Davis as Capt. von Trapp and ] as Mother Abess. The production has received warm reviews.<ref>Verini, Bob. , ''Variety'', October 1, 2015</ref>

An Australian tour of the Lloyd Webber production opened at the ] in Sydney on 13 December 2015, again directed by Sams.<ref>Cotter, Richard. , ''Australian Stage'', December 18, 2015</ref> The tour is then set to move in March 2016 to Brisbane and then Melbourne, where it is scheduled to conclude in August 2016. The cast includes Amy Lehpamer as Maria, ] as Captain Von Trapp, ] as Baroness Schraeder and ] as Frau Schmidt. The choreographer is ].<ref>, The Really Useful Group Ltd., accessed November 15, 2015</ref>

==Film adaptation==
{{Main|The Sound of Music (film)}}
On March 2, 1965, ] released a ] starring ] as Maria Rainer and ] as Captain Georg von Trapp. It was produced and directed by ] with the screenplay adaption written by ]. Two songs were written by Rodgers specifically for the film, "I Have Confidence" and "Something Good".

==Television adaptations==
{{Main|The Sound of Music Live!}}
A ] of the musical aired twice in December 2013 on ].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Friedlander|first=Whitney|title=NBC to Re-Air ‘The Sound of Music Live!’|journal=]|date=December 10, 2013|publisher=]|url=http://variety.com/2013/tv/news/nbc-sound-of-music-live-reair-1200941859/|accessdate=December 14, 2013}}</ref> It was directed by ] and ].<ref> Retrieved November 30, 2012</ref> ] starred as Maria Rainer, with ] as Captain von Trapp, ] as Max, ] as Elsa, and ] as the Mother Abbess.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/sound-music-live-tv-review-663346|title = The Sound of Music Live!: TV Review|date =December 5, 2013|accessdate=December 6, 2013|work = ]| publisher=]|last = Bernardin|first = Marc}}</ref> The production was released on DVD the same month.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/NBC-to-Release-THE-SOUND-OF-MUSIC-LIVE-on-DVD-Dec-17-20131123|title= NBC to Release ''The Sound of Music Live!'' on DVD, Dec 17| accessdate=November 25, 2013|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|author=BWW News Desk|date=November 23, 2013}}</ref>

A ] was broadcast live on ] in the UK on December 20, 2015. It starred ] as Maria, ] as Captain von Trapp, ] as Baroness Schraeder and ] as Max.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.itv.com/presscentre/press-releases/itv-present-live-broadcast-sound-music|title=ITV to present UK version of The Sound of Music Live!|publisher=ITV Press Centre| date=October 26, 2015|accessdate=December 5, 2015}}</ref>

==Reception==
Most reviews of the original Broadway production were favorable. ] of the '']'' stated that the show had "strangely gentle charm that is wonderfully endearing. ''The Sound of Music'' strives for nothing in the way of smash effects, substituting instead a kind of gracious and unpretentious simplicity."<ref name=Suskin>Suskin, pp. 460–64</ref> The '']'' pronounced ''The Sound of Music'' "the loveliest musical imaginable. It places Rodgers and Hammerstein back in top form as melodist and lyricist. The Lindsay-Crouse dialogue is vibrant and amusing in a plot that rises to genuine excitement."<ref name=Suskin/> The '']'''s review opined that ''The Sound of Music'' is "the most mature product of the team ... it seemed to me to be the full ripening of these two extraordinary talents".<ref name=Suskin/>

] of '']'' gave a mixed assessment. He praised Mary Martin's performance, saying "she still has the same common touch ... same sharp features, goodwill, and glowing personality that makes music sound intimate and familiar" and stated that "the best of the ''Sound of Music'' is Rodgers and Hammerstein in good form". However, he said, the libretto "has the hackneyed look of the musical theatre replaced with '']'' in 1943. It is disappointing to see the American musical stage succumbing to the clichés of ]."<ref name=Suskin/> ]'s review in the '']'' was unfavorable: "Before ''The Sound of Music'' is halfway through its promising chores it becomes not only too sweet for words but almost too sweet for music", stating that the "evening suffer(s) from little children".<ref name=Suskin/>

==Cast recordings==
] recorded the original Broadway cast album a week after the show's 1959 opening. The album was the label's first deluxe package in a gatefold jacket, priced $1 higher than previous cast albums. It was #1 on Billboard's best-selling albums chart for 16 weeks in 1960.<ref>Bronson, Fred., ''Billboard', September 14, 1996</ref> It was released on CD from Sony in the Columbia Broadway Masterworks series.<ref>, Castalbums.org</ref> In 1959, singer ] recorded ] from the show for ]<ref>, Discogs.com, accessed December 8, 2015. The disc debuted at No. 99 on the ]. , ''The Billboard'', December 28, 1959, p. 5, accessed December 8, 2015</ref> on the day that the musical opened on Broadway. Since it was recorded a week before the original Broadway cast album, Page was the first artist to record any song from the musical. She featured the song on her TV show, ''The Patti Page Olds Show'', helping to popularize the musical.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} The 1960 London production was recorded by ] and was issued on CD on the Broadway Angel Label.<ref>, Castalbums.org</ref>

The 1965 film soundtrack was released by ] and is one of the most successful soundtrack albums in history, having sold over 10 million copies worldwide.<ref>Hischak, p. 44</ref> Recent CD editions incorporate musical material from the film that would not fit on the original LP. The label has also issued the soundtrack in German, Italian, Spanish and French editions. ] also released an album of the 1998 ] revival produced by ] and featuring the full revival cast, including ], ], ] and ].<ref>, Castalbums.org</ref>

The ] label made a studio cast recording of ''The Sound of Music'', with the ] conducted by ] (1987). The lead roles went to opera stars: ] as Maria, ] as Captain von Trapp, and ] as the Mother Abbess.<ref name="Hischak, p. 259"/> The recording "includes both the two new songs written for the film version and the three Broadway songs they replace, as well as a previously unrecorded verse of "An Ordinary Couple"".<ref>Dyer, Richard, "Record Review;Cincinnati Pops Orchestra Rodgers And Hammersrein: The Sound of Music Telarc (CD)", ''The Boston Globe'', September 15, 1988, Calendar; p. 12</ref> The 2006 London revival was recorded and has been released on the ] label.<ref>, Castalbums.org</ref> There have been numerous studio cast albums and foreign cast albums issued, though many have only received regional distribution. According to the cast album database, there are 62 recordings of the score that have been issued over the years.<ref>, CastAlbums.org database</ref>

The ] from the 2013 NBC television production starring ] and ] was released on CD and digital download in December 2013 on the ] label. Also featured on the album are ], ] and ].<ref>]. , ], December 3, 2013, accessed February 11, 2016</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==References==
* Green, Stanley. ''Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre'' (1980). Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80113-2
* Hischak, Thomas. ''The Rodgers and Hammerstein Encyclopedia'' (2007). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-313-34140-0
* Maslon, Laurence, with a foreword by Andrew Lloyd Webber. ''The Sound of Music Companion'' (2007) Simon and Schuster ISBN 1-4165-4954-4
* Nolan, Frederick. ''The Sound of Their Music: The Story of Rodgers & Hammerstein'', New York: Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. ISBN 1-55783-473-3
* Suskin, Steven. (1990), Schirmer Books ISBN 0-02-872625-1

==Further reading==
* Bell, Bethany, , BBC, Saturday, March 19, 2005.
* Block, Geoffrey. ''The Richard Rodgers Reader''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
* Ewen, David. ''With a Song in His Heart (Richard Rodgers)''. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1963.
* Fordin, Hugh. ''Getting To Know Him: The Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II''. New York: Random House, 1977; Decapo Press, 1995.
* Green, Stanley. ''The Rodgers and Hammerstein Fact Book''. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard, 1980.
* Hirsch, Julia Antopol. ''The Sound Of Music—The Making Of America's Favorite Movie''. McGraw-Hill Publishing, 1993
* Mordden, Ethan. ''Rodgers & Hammerstein''. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1992.
* Papamichael, Stella. , BBC, review and history, November 23, 2005
* Wilk, Max. ''The Making of The Sound of Music'' (2007), Routledge ISBN 0-415-97934-X

==External links==
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* {{ibdb show|id=8195|title=The Sound of Music}}
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{{Rodgers and Hammerstein}}
{{The Story of the Trapp Family Singers}}
{{TonyAwardBestMusical 1947-1975}}


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Revision as of 19:54, 14 March 2016

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