Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 05:28, 17 May 2016

2016 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes
Part of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and Armenian–Azerbaijani border conflict
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Armenian-controlled territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh  Territory claimed by the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic but controlled by Azerbaijan
Date 1–5 April 2016 (skirmishes ongoing) (4 days) Location Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact Status Ceasefire Territorial changes Limited Azerbaijani territorial gains confirmed by NKR officials
Belligerents
Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR)  Armenia	Azerbaijan
Commanders and leaders
Bako Sahakyan (President of NKR) Levon Mnatsakanyan (Defense Minister of NKR) Serzh Sargsyan (President of Armenia, Commander-in-Chief) Seyran Ohanyan (Defense Minister of Armenia) Yuri Khatchaturov (Chief of the General Staff of Armenia)	Ilham Aliyev (President of Azerbaijan, Commander-in-Chief) Zakir Hasanov (Defense Minister of Azerbaijan) Najmaddin Sadigov (Chief of the General Staff of Azerbaijan)
Units involved
Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army Armed Forces of Armenia	Azerbaijani Armed Forces
Casualties and losses
Per Armenian sources: 90 troops killed (11 non-combat), 124 wounded 4 civilians killed, 6 wounded 14 tanks destroyed Azerbaijani claim: 200 soldiers killed, 500 wounded 12 tanks, 12 armoured vehicles, 15 artillery pieces destroyed	Per Azerbaijani sources: 31–93 soldiers killed, 2 missing, 39 wounded 6 civilians killed, 26 wounded 1 Mi-24 helicopter and 1 drone lost 1 tank destroyed Armenian claim: 300–1,500 soldiers killed, 2,000–2,700 wounded 2 helicopters, 14 drones shot down 26 tanks, 4 IFVs, 1 AEV, 1 MRL destroyed

The 2016 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes, sometimes referred to as the Four-Day War (Template:Lang-hy, tr. K’ařorya paterazm, IPA: ; Template:Lang-az), began along the line of contact on April 1, with the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army and Armenian Armed Forces on one side and the Azerbaijani Armed Forces on the other, in the disputed region of Nagorno-Karabakh, with Azerbaijani forces seeking to regain control of territory controlled by the Armenia-backed Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR). The clashes have been defined as "the worst" since the 1994 ceasefire.

One day after the fighting started, on 2 April, the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense announced a unilateral end to the active clashes from its side, but, according to the Nagorno-Karabakh Defense Army, the attacks continued. On 5 April, a mutual ceasefire agreement was reached, effective from 12:00 local time. Since then, both sides have accused each other of ceasefire violations. According to official statements of the involved sides, 90 Armenian and 31 Azerbaijani soldiers were killed during the clashes, and several pieces of military equipment from both sides were destroyed. Various non-official Azerbaijani sources, per research of social networks, put the actual number of Azerbaijani soldiers killed at 93. Ten civilians (6 Azeri and 4 Armenian) were killed in the conflict.

Background

The Nagorno-Karabakh War ended with a ceasefire agreement between the warring parties that came into effect on May 12, 1994. However, since then Azerbaijan and Armenia have reported over 7,000 breaches of the ceasefire. The 2016 clashes are the most serious breach of the 1994 ceasefire to date.

Clashes

Each side blamed the other for the outbreak of clashes around Aghdara, Tartar, Agdam, Khojavend, and Fuzuli. According to Armenian sources, on the night of 1 April and early morning of 2 April, the Azerbaijani side launched large-scale attacks along the contact line between Karabakh and Azerbaijan. On 2 April, a 12-year-old Armenian boy was killed as a result of missile artillery attack from a BM-21 Grad near the border with Martuni. Two other children were wounded as well. According to Azerbaijani sources, on 2 April, Azerbaijani positions and inhabited places near the front line came under fire from Armenian military, armed with mortars and high caliber grenade launchers, that killed and wounded several civilians. According to the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense, during a rapid counter-offensive, the Armenian side's front defense line was broken in multiple places and several strategic heights and inhabited places were retaken (including the strategically important hill of Lalatapa). An AFP journalist confirmed that the Lalatapa heights were also under Azerbaijani control. The Azerbaijani side claimed that they had captured some areas, including heights near the village of Talysh, as well as the village of Seysulan. 14,400 people living in villages were affected by clashes, but no internal displacement or immediate humanitarian need was reported.

Armenian Defense Ministry spokesman Artsrun Hovhannisyan sharply accused Azerbaijan of "launching an unprovoked coordinated ground offensive against Armenia’s forces", saying the Azerbaijani military used warplanes, tanks and artillery to try to make inroads into Nagorno-Karabakh. During the first day of fighting, Armenian forces claimed to have destroyed at least three Azerbaijani tanks, two military helicopters (including an Mi-24G and at least one armed Mil Mi-8/17) and two unmanned drones, photographs and videos of which surfaced on the internet. Armenian frontline positions were reinforced, heavy artillery was brought forward, and in the NKR capital Stepanakert reservists were called up.

On 3 April, Armenian military authorities announced that NKR forces had recaptured positions around Talysh, which the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense claimed was untrue. On 6 April, news footage shown on Armenia's First Channel revealed Armenian journalists and NKR troops freely mingling on the streets of Talysh and Madagiz. On 8 April, news footage shown on Azerbaijani TV channel showed Azerbaijan military placing a new sign at heights near Talysh. Later Defense Minister Zakir Hasanov stated that if shelling of Azerbaijani settlements by Armenian forces did not cease, Azerbaijan could consider launching artillery attacks on Stepanakert. On the same day, the Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense announced a unilateral end to hostilities. The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense stated that should Armenian shelling pursue, Azerbaijan will continue its offensive.

On 4 April, Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense reported that an Armenian command and control center had been destroyed and released a video capturing the attack. The Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense claimed that along with numerous military personnel, two high-ranking Armenian officers were killed as a result. The three deceased Armenian lieutenant colonel, identified as Roman V. Poghosyan, Alexan G. Arakelyan, and Gregorian K. Onik, along with one unidentified colonel. The same day, the Armenian defense ministry announced that an Azerbaijani drone, identified as an Israeli-made IAI Harop, attacked a bus carrying Armenian volunteers enlisting in military service to the Nagorno-Karabakh town of Martakert by slamming itself against it, killing seven people aboard including the heads of two rural communities within the NKR. It is believed to be the first ever combat use of the drone anywhere. An Israeli-made ThunderB surveillance drone was shot down on April 2 according to the NK defense force. Armenian officials later protested Israel's supply of weaponry to Azerbaijan.

On 5 April, Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense announced that the mutual ceasefire agreement was breached by Armenian forces which shelled Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu with 60, 82 and 120 mm mortars.

According to Azerbaijani claims Armenian Armed Forces directed high caliber artillery fire at a mosque (in Əhmədağalı, one civilian dead), schools (in Seydimli, one schoolboy injured) and residential buildings as well as civilian infrastructure. Damage to houses in Azerbaijan by Armenian artillery fire was reported in the Russian press According to Azerbaijani claims on 7 April, Armenian armed forces shelled an ambulance evacuating injured Azerbaijani civilians.

On April 8, artillery fire was exchanged between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces, with the Armenians reporting two soldiers killed. A temporary ceasefire agreement mediated by the International Committee of the Red Cross and field assistants of the OSCE, allowed for both sides to collect dead and missing soldiers. On April 14, the Azeri government reported that one of its soldiers had been killed by Armenian forces on the line of contact. On April 15, Nagorno-Karabakh reported one of its soldiers had been killed in action with Azeri forces. A soldier of the Nagorno Karabakh military was reported killed in action with Azeri forces on April 19. Further skirmishes occurred on April 21, killing another Nagorno-Karabakh soldier.

In the course of the clashes, mortar shells fired from the conflict area hit a village in the northwestern Iranian province of East Azerbaijan, but no casualties or damages were reported.

Human Rights issues

In April 2016 the European Ombudsman Institute (EOI) issued a statement that condemns any violation of human rights regarding civilians and attacks on civilian objects in Nagorno-Karabakh. According to EOI, "civilian citizens of Nagorno-Karabakh were inhumanly treated without any respect and by that offended in their dignity". The report marks, that even ambulances transferring injured persons to hospitals had been targeted. "We are concerned by the information received, that peaceful civilians were killed in the Nagorno-Karabakh settlements through partly cruel and inhuman methods of execution. All these operations constitute gross violations of human rights; they are opposed to European human rights and human values; they significantly endanger the European system for the protection and promotion of human rights".

Transfer of bodies

On 10 April, the State Commission on Prisoners of War, Hostages and Missing Persons of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic said that of the 18 bodies of Armenian soldiers transferred that same day by Azerbaijan, all showed signs of torture or mutilation. The Commission called these acts "a flagrant manifestation of inhumanity, run counter to the laws and customs of war and are in grave violation of the international humanitarian law", adding that the Karabakh side will ensure that "such behavior of the Azerbaijani side is condemned in strongest terms by the international community and the specialized agencies". Azerbaijan's Ministry of Defense denied the accusations and claimed that the transferred bodies of Azerbaijani servicemen had been mutilated by the Armenian side. The NKR State Commission on Prisoners of War, Hostages and Missing Persons called this claim by Azerbaijan a cynical attempt to mislead the international community, observing that before the start of the exchange procedure, all the bodies of the dead Azerbaijani soldiers had been examined in the presence of representatives of the International Committee of the Red Cross, and no traces of abuse or ill-treatment had been discovered or registered.

Aftermath

Analysis

Following the clashes, The Moscow Times wrote that "the previous status quo has been more-or-less preserved." Peter Liakhov wrote in the Jacobin magazine that the clashes resulted in negligible territorial changes. Independent Armenian journalist Tatul Hakobyan, who visited the fighting scene during the clashes, remarked that the death of scores of soldiers of both sides was "senseless" as no real change occurred. He stated: "Azerbaijan did not win and Armenia did not lose." Chatham House fellow Anahit Shirinyan wrote that "the battle has created a dangerous precedent for resorting to arms − leaving both sides with a sense of advantage over the other."

Another fellow at Chatham House, Zaur Shiriyev, suggested that Azerbaijan prompted a "carefully controlled escalation served to raise international awareness of the fragility of a status quo which Azerbaijan regards as unfavourable, in order to galvanize the international mediators and put pressure on Yerevan to be constructive at the negotiating table." Fuad Shahbazov suggested that the clashes "showed that no one fully controls the situation in the South Caucasus."

Russian political scientist Arkady Dubnov noted that Nagorno-Karabakh is not an area of Collective Security Treaty Organization responsibility, and this was proven once again during the “four-day war”.

Official statements

Armenian

Armenian Defense Ministry Spokesman Artsrun Hovhannisyan stated that the Azerbaijani attempted to take part of northern Karabakh with a "blitzkrieg", which failed. After a ceasefire was reached NKR Defense Army Colonel Victor Arustamyan said that one military position was left under Azerbaijani control, which was of no strategic significance.

On April 24, 2016 President Serzh Sargsyan publicly acknowledged that the Azerbaijani troops took very small pieces of land in the north and south of the contact line, which he claimed had no strategic importance for Armenian forces, who didn’t try to reclaim them to avoid additional losses of life. On 26 April 2016 Sargsyan fired 3 senior Armenian army officials, including the chiefs of the Logistics, the Intelligence and the Communications Departments, a move which was apparently influenced by the public criticism of the high death toll among the Armenian soldiers.

President Sargsyan stated that Armenia would formally recognize the independence of Nagorno-Karabakh "if the military operations continue and acquire a large scale." On 5 May 2016 the Government of Armenia approved the bill on recognition of the independence of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (Artsakh). It was announced, that the recognition of the independence of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic is "due to the results of discussions between Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh, considering further developments, including external factors.”

Azerbaijani

Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev initially claimed the clashes were a "great victory" for Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijani Ministry of Defense claimed that the Azerbaijani armed forces remain in control of strategic heights near the village of Talysh.

Russian TV channel Dozhd reported that the Azerbaijani authorities launched a criminal case against the direction and journalists of the Azerbaijani independent channel Meydan TV because of the publication of the list of Azerbaijani soldiers killed during the clashes in Nagorno-Karabakh. Their list consists of 93 names, while the Defense Ministry of Azerbaijan confirms only 31 deaths. According to the Meydan TV chief editor Emin Milli, each person on their list really died in the clashes, and the Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan can not deny this information.

Awards

A number of Armenian military servicemen were awarded by orders and medals of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. Junior sergeant Robert Abajyan was posthumously awarded with Hero of Artsakh which is the highest honorary title of NKR. He became the youngest person ever to hold the title at 19 years old.

19 April 2016 Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev signed orders on awarding honorary titles, orders and medals to a group of Azerbaijani military servicemen. Among them Lieutenant Colonel Shukur Hamidov, Lieutenant Colonel Murad Mirzayev and Major Samid Imanov were awarded with the medal of National Hero of Azerbaijan. Colonel Mais Barkhudarov was awarded with the rank of general-major by the Azerbaijani President because of his personally participation in the military operation over Lalatapa height.

International reactions

Supranational bodies

•  EU – High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Federica Mogherini urged the parties "to stop the fighting immediately and observe the ceasefire".
•  UN – Secretary General Ban Ki-moon demanded all sides involved in the conflict to immediately cease all armed hostilities and observe the terms of ceasefire.
• PACE – President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Pedro Agramunt called on both sides to respect the ceasefire and resume peaceful negotiations. He also called for the withdrawal of all Armenian armed troops from occupied Azerbaijani territories in compliance with the UN Security Council resolutions.
• OIC – The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation condemned "the attack by Armenian forces on the borders of occupied Azerbaijani territories" and Yerevan’s "disrespect of the unilateral ceasefire" announced by Baku.
• CSTO – A spokesman for the head of the CSTO, Nikolay Bordyuzha, stated that the conflict must be settled through negotiations. Bordyuzha added that the Azerbaijani side is "leading to the escalation of the situation and the conflict".

OSCE Minsk Group and co-chair countries

• OSCE Minsk Group – The Co-Chairs of the OSCE Minsk Group expressed "grave concern over the reported large-scale ceasefire violations that are taking place along the line of contact in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict zone" and strongly condemned "the use of force and regret the senseless loss of life, including civilians". The OSCE Minsk Group scheduled to have a meeting on 5 April in Vienna over the incidents.
•  United States – The State Department condemned ceasefire violations and urged the sides to "show restraint, avoid further escalation, and strictly adhere to the ceasefire." Their statement continued, "The unstable situation on the ground demonstrates why the sides must enter into an immediate negotiation under the auspices of the OSCE Minsk Group Co-Chairs on a comprehensive settlement of the conflict. We reiterate that there is no military solution to the conflict. As a co-chair country, the United States is firmly committed to working with the sides to reach a lasting and negotiated peace."
•  Russia – President Vladimir Putin called on both sides to end hostilities and show restraint. On 4 April Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov criticized what he called Turkey's interference into the internal affairs of neighboring nations and called Turkey's strong support for Azerbaijan "one-sided".

Other states

•  Belarus – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs urged the parties to continue seeking a peaceful solution to the conflict "in accordance with the generally recognized principles and norms of international law, first of all, on the basis of respect and guaranteeing of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and inviolability of borders, as well as the relevant UN Security Council resolutions and decisions of the OSCE". The Belarusian ambassador to Armenia was summoned to be informed that Yerevan was "deeply bewildered" by this statement which "does not correspond to the spirit of the Armenian-Belarusian relations" and "is detrimental to the negotiation process". Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko insisted that both sides should seek a peaceful dialogue.
•  Bulgaria – Foreign Ministry of Bulgaria has expressed deep concern about "massive violations of the ceasefire". Bulgaria reiterated its position that the conflict could only be solved through peace talks mediated by the OSCE Minsk Group.
•  Canada – Minister of Foreign Affairs Stéphane Dion called on all sides to show restraint, immediately return to a true ceasefire, and actively resume dialogue within the framework of OSCE Minsk Group. "Canada firmly believes that there is no alternative to a peaceful, negotiated solution to this conflict," Minister Dion said in a statement.
•  Czech Republic – Foreign Ministry expressed concern over extensive violations of the ceasefire on the line of contact of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and condemned the use of force. It called to involved parties to stop the violence and to strictly respect the truce. Foreign Ministry supported the peaceful efforts of the OSCE Minsk Group.
•  Cyprus – Foreign Ministry statement accused Azerbaijan of violations of the armistice line and urged Azerbaijan to "respect the status quo ante." It also urged Turkey to "refrain from any activities and statements that further destabilize the unfolding situation."
•  Georgia – Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili expressed concern over the recent developments in the region and expressed hope that the international community's efforts will help to de-escalate the situation. President Giorgi Margvelashvili called on both neighbors to end fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh region and resolve the conflict peacefully. In a telephone call with her Azerbaijani counterpart Zakir Hasanov, Defense Minister Tinatin Khidasheli reaffirmed Georgia's support of Azerbaijan's territorial integrity.
•  Germany – Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier called on both sides to immediately stop fighting and to fully respect the ceasefire.
•  Greece – The Foreign Ministry expressed concern and called on the two sides to "exercise restraint and composure in order to return, as soon as possible, to the process of dialogue within the framework of the Minsk Group."
•  Iran – Foreign Ministry Spokesman Hossein Jaberi Ansari called for both sides to "refrain from any manner or action" which could "worsen the situation." He added that Iran recommends a cessation of hostilities by reaching a peaceful solution within the framework of United Nations regulations, while he further underlined that, as the region has been the scene of "destructive actions" by extremist groups, such clashes arouse "severe concerns" for Iran.
•  Kazakhstan – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed its concern with the recent escalation of violence and called on the parties to abide by the ceasefire agreement. A summit of the Eurasian Economic Union in Yerevan was cancelled after Kazakhstan refused to attend it in an apparent show of support for Azerbaijan.
•  Kyrgyzstan – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expresses its concern with the worsening situation in Nagorno-Karabakh. It said that it stands for working out constructive proposals on searching for ways of resolving the dispute and that it is ready to mediate the settlement of the conflict.
•  Latvia – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs called on both sides to stop the hostilities immediately and resume the ceasefire, expressing regret over casualties and deaths and conveying condolences to the families of those killed.
•  Norway – Minister of Foreign Affairs Børge Brende called the clashes an "unacceptable military escalation".
•  Pakistan – Foreign Ministry issued a statement expressing concern about the escalation "caused due to the continuous artillery firing by Armenian forces." It added, "Pakistan will continue to promote a peaceful resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict." Secretary to president, Ahmad Farooq, said Pakistan "always stands by Azerbaijan" and that "Azerbaijan is a brotherly and friendly country."
•  Poland – Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland called on parties of conflict to cease military operations in region and return to peace talks initiated in 1994. Poland called also to recognize territorial dispute by diplomatic and political negotiations including OSCE Minsk group mediation format.
•  Romania – Romania urges to resume diplomatic efforts to resolve Nagorno Karabakh conflict. Foreign Ministry of Romania expressed concern over the escalation in Nagorno Karabakh. Romanian Foreign Ministry urged to immediate cessation of hostilities. "Resumption of diplomatic efforts is necessary for peaceful settlement."
•  Turkey – President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called his Azerbaijani counterpart Ilham Aliyev to pay condolences for the "martyred" soldiers. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement condemning what they claimed was an Armenian attack on civilians and calling on Armenia to comply with the ceasefire. He also announced his country's support to Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabakh border clashes, saying "Turkey backs the Azeris 'to the end' against Armenia". Turkey is also trying to get the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to support Azerbaijan.
•  Ukraine – According to a statement by the Foreign Ministry of Ukraine "Ukraine favors a long-term political solution to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict on the basis of respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Azerbaijan within its internationally recognized borders". According to the ministry "The current situation eloquently shows that frozen conflicts remain a hotbed of instability across the OSCE space, which could flare up any moment and lead to large-scale hostilities and a great loss of human life". President Petro Poroshenko, in a phone conversation with his Azeri counterpart, said that Ukraine supports Azerbaijan's integrity within internationally recognized borders.
•  United Kingdom – Minister for Europe David Lidington expressed concern about increased violence and urged both sides "to engage constructively and intensively in the search for a negotiated peaceful settlement through the Minsk Group process."

Partially recognized non-UN member states

• Foreign Ministers of the partially recognized states of Transnistria, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia expressed their support to the authorities and people of Nagorno-Karabakh.

Other reactions

• U.S. Congressmen and co-chairs of the Congressional Caucus on Armenian Issues Frank Pallone (D-NJ), Robert Dold (R-IL), Adam Schiff (D-CA), and Brad Sherman (D-CA) jointly condemning what they described as "Azerbaijan's aggression" and called upon the Obama administration to "hold Ilham Aliyev to account for his unilateral escalation of violence against Nagorno-Karabagh." In a separate statement, Congressman Jim Costa (D-CA) called upon Azerbaijan to "reverse its pattern of escalating violence against the peaceful people of Nagorno Karabakh".
• The Basque Parliament unilaterally adopted a statement, condemning the Azerbaijani attempts to solve the Karabakh conflict in a military way. The statement notes that on 2 April 2016, Azerbaijan unilaterally launched an unprecedented attack on Nagorno Karabakh which has caused dozens of deaths, including four civilians, one of them a child. The Basque Parliament also supports the Minsk Group negotiation process where Nagorno Karabakh must have a place.
• Selahattin Demirtaş, leader of the left-wing pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP), criticised Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu for encouraging violence with their support for military actions. He added, "Nagorno-Karabakh was an autonomous region. Armenia and Azerbaijan had to settle the issue around the negotiating table, as war will be of no benefit to any of the sides."
• Refat Chubarov, a member of the Ukrainian parliament and the Chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, called on Ukraine to reaffirm its recognition of Azerbaijan's territorial integrity.
• Mikheil Saakashvili, former president of Georgia and governor of Ukraine's Odessa Oblast, shared a video on Facebook of his speech in the parliament of Azerbaijan in 2012 which was interpreted by Azerbaijani media as an expression of support.
• Parliamentarians of Greek and Latvian Parliaments, Garifalia Kanelli and Sergejs Potapkins respectively, visited the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh after the clashes. According to Potapkins, it is inadmissible, when the peaceful population suffers from the military aggression. The re-establishment of peace is a prior problem, the escalations of the conflict don’t promote the establishment and maintenance of peace.
• A large number of French parliamentarians, senators and mayors in a joint statement announced that the Republic of Nagorno-Karabakh should be readmitted to the negotiating table. According to them, "encouraged by international indifference, Azerbaijan under the rule of Ilham Aliyev attempted to regain by force its former colony, the Republic of Nagorno Karabakh", deliberately targeting cities, killing children in the courtyard of their schools, and maiming civilians.
• On 12 April 21 French parliamentarians and senators signed a joint statement: "While the cease-fire obtained by the Minsk Group has already been undermined by the Azerbaijani side, the French authorities must point out that any continuation of the fighting will lead to unilateral recognition of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic".
• 30 French Parliamentarians have appealed the French government to recognize the Republic of Karabakh. French conservative Senator Valérie Boyer accused Azerbaijan for the violence and expressed solidarity with the Armenian people and Nagorno-Karabakh. She also called for the official recognition of the NKR by France.
• Frank Engel, a Member of the European Parliament and Honorary Consul of Armenia in Luxembourg, called for the recognition of Artsakh's independence, to avoid repletion of the Armenian Genocide. He accused Azerbaijan for aggression in Karabakh earlier in April, which showed that some people living on the Caspian Sea shore dream of a new genocide in Nagorno Karabakh.
• French senator Nathalie Goulet called on UN Security Council to condemn what she described as Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan
• The radical nationalist Jobbik, one of the leading political parties in Hungary, stated that "the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia has been going on since Armenia, against international law, occupied the province of Nagorno Karabakh and the surrounding counties". Jobbik believes that "the lasting peace cannot be established unless Armenia withdraws from the occupied territories, restores and guarantees Azerbaijan's territorial integrity", and Nagorno-Karabakh is granted an extensive autonomy within Azerbaijan.
• U.S. Congressmen David Cicilline (D-RI), James Langevin (D-RI), Jack Reed (D-RI) condemned the Azerbaijani military operation against Karabakh in three separate statements. In his statement, Reed said: "These attacks on the Armenian people are completely unacceptable and call into question the sincerity with which Azerbaijan has approached recent peace negotiations." While Cicilline stated: "I strongly condemn the use of sniper attacks by the Azerbaijani government, which is in direct violation of the cease-fire agreement and international law, and am appalled by reports that Azerbaijan forces attacked a Red Cross envoy."
• The Los Angeles City Hall was lit in the colors of the Armenian flag in view of the incident. A vigil was also held to promote a peaceful resolution to the conflict and to condemn the Azerbaijan for "outrageous militarization and vicious attacks", as stated by Paul Krekorian, one of the organizers of the vigil.
• Turkish human rights activist Sait Çetinoğlu marked the support of Turkish authorities to Azerbaijan and called it a policy when the "genocide is exported out of borders of the state".
• US Congresswoman Loretta Sanchez, a senior member of the House Armed Services Committee, called for a “Leahy Law” investigation into reports that the Azerbaijan armed forces, which annually receive millions of dollars in U.S. military aid, committed gross violations of human rights during Baku’s April 2 offensive against Nagorno-Karabakh.

See also

• Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
• Armenia–Azerbaijan relations

References

1. "Azerbaijan, Armenia-Backed Separatists Report Cease-Fire Violations". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
2. "Nagorno-Karabakh: Azeri-Armenian ceasefire agreed". BBC News.
3. Nailia Bagirova and Hasmik Mkrtchyan (5 April 2016). "Warring sides declare ceasefire over Nagorno-Karabakh". Reuters.
4. "Armenia and Azerbaijan call Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire".
5. ^ Liakhov, Peter (April 2016). "Behind the Four-Day War". Jacobin. By the fourth day, with at least one hundred and seventy two people killed and negligent territorial gains or losses, a temporary ceasefire was signed, that at least for now, still holds.
6. ^ Mkrtchyan, Marianna (4 April 2016). "Artsrun Hovhannisyan: Azerbaijan's attempt of blitzkrieg failed". arminfo.info.
7. ^ "Heavy Fighting Erupts in Nagorny-Karabakh". Georgia Today on the Web.
8. ^ "Karabakh War Casualty Update: Armenia puts April death toll at 92".
9. ^ "ICRC: Fates of all reported missing in April hostilities in Karabakh clarified". 21 April 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
10. ^ "Скончался раненый в результате атаки азербайджанского дрона доброволец". Retrieved 21 April 2016.
11. 125 раненых получают лечение в госпиталях Армении и НКР
12. "Serj Tankian calls on supporting families of killed Armenian soldiers".
13. ^ "Azeri surgeon: Number of severely injured soldiers greatly tops the norm". PanARMENIAN.Net. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
14. Потери армянской стороны в ходе военных действий в Нагорном Карабахе превысили 200 человек – Минобороны Archived 2016-04-17 at the Wayback Machine
15. "Azerbaijani MP offers to write off loan debts of deceased servicemen, their families". Trend.Az. 5 April 2016.
16. ^ "Siyahı: 93 hərbçi şəhid olub, 6 mülki şəxs dünyasını dəyişib (YENİLƏNİR)". Meydan TV.
17. ^ "Baku says Armenia's military dictatorship threats values that civilized world stands for". AZERNEWS.
18. "18 Armenian, 12 Azerbaijani troops killed in fighting". 2 April 2016.
19. Минобороны Азербайджана назвало потери в боях
20. "Министерство Обороны Азербайджана признало факты скрытия погибших в Нагорном Карабахе". FMG NEWS - Международная Служба Новостей. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
21. "Four-Day War Fallout: Armenian politicians insist on Karabakh's becoming full party to talks - Karabakh - ArmeniaNow.com". Retrieved 12 April 2016.
22. "The four-day war in Nagorno-Karabakh". Retrieved 12 April 2016.
23. "APA – 'Four-day war': Changed status quo, balance against Armenia". Retrieved 12 April 2016.
24. Helix Consulting LLC. "President Serzh Sargsyan met with first President Levon Ter-Petrosyan to discuss Four Day War". Retrieved 12 April 2016.
25. "Secrets of the Four-Day Karabakh War". The National Interest. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
26. "Nagorno-Karabakh violence: Worst clashes in decades kill dozens". BBC News. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
27. "Son döyüşlərdəki şəhidlərimizin sayı 93-ə çatdı (Qeyri-rəsmi siyahı)". Azadliq. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
28. "В марте армянские вооруженные подразделения нарушили режим прекращения огня 3746 раз" (in Russian). APA. 1 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
29. "Минобороны Азербайджана: новая война за Карабах неизбежна" (in Russian). NEWSru.com. 4 June 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
30. ^ "Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Situation Report No. 1 (as of 03 Apr 2016)". ReliefWeb. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
31. ^ "В боях в зоне карабахского конфликта погибли 12 военнослужащих ВС Азербайджана" (in Russian). TASS. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
32. "12-year-old Vaghinak Grigoryan killed in Azeri shelling". Horizon. 2 April 2016.
33. "(02/04/16 [10:25]) Press release". NKRmil.am. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
34. ^ "Cəbhədə vəziyyətlə bağlı son məlumat" (in Azerbaijani). Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
35. AFP. "Fragile truce holds in Karabakh after four days of deadly clashes". Retrieved 24 April 2016.
36. "Azerbaijan, Armenia forces clash as Putin urges ceasefire".
37. "‘Large-Scale’ Fighting Reported In Karabakh." RFE/RL. 2 April 2016.
38. "Heavy Fighting Continues In Karabakh." RFE/RL. 3 April 2016.
39. "Минобороны Азербайджана: "Армяне не отбивали высоту у селения Талыш"". Haqqin.az.
40. Template:Hy icon Մեր սահմաններն անառիկ են" . First Channel. 6 April 2016.
41. "Qarabagda ermeni postunun ele kecirilmesi 04.04.2016".
42. "Talış kəndi yüksəkliyindən İLK reportaj ANS TV".
43. "ANS azad edilən Talış yüksəkliyində".
44. "Азербайджан может нанести удар по Степанакерту". Haqqin.az.
45. "Минобороны: Азербайджан в одностороннем порядке приостановил боевые действия" (in Russian). Haqqin.az. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
46. "Так сегодня уничтожили армянских генералов и полковников" (in Russian). Haqqin.az. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
47. "Karabakh: Five killed as Armenian volunteers' bus comes under Azeri fire – Karabakh | ArmeniaNow.com". armenianow.com. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
48. Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (5 April 2016). "Israeli-made kamikaze drone spotted in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
49. Karabakh Fighting Highlights Azerbaijan's New Israeli Weapons, Eurasianet, 6 April 2016
50. "Armenia raps Israel over alleged supply of drones to Azerbaijan: report". i24news. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
51. Ravid, Barak (10 April 2016). "Armenia Protests Azerbaijan's Use of Israeli-made Suicide Drone". Haaretz. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
52. "The ceasefire regime is still being violated by the units of the Armenian Armed Forces". Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
53. Армяне разбомбили мечеть, погиб сельский житель Archived 2016-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
54. "От вражеского обстрела страдают азербайджанские школы-ФОТО". Retrieved 12 April 2016.
55. AzerNews. "Baku says Armenia's military dictatorship threats values that civilized world stands for". AzerNews. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
56. "1NEWS.AZ – Последние новости Азербайджана". Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
57. "Специальный репортаж "Газеты.Ru" из прифронтовой зоны Нагорного Карабаха". Газета.Ru. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
58. "Armenian side shells ambulance with wounded Azerbaijanis".
59. "Armenian side shells ambulance with wounded Azerbaijanis". Trend.Az. 7 April 2016.
60. "Skirmishes Continue in Nagorno-Karabakh Despite Cease-Fire". Associated Press. 8 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016 – via The New York Times.
61. "ICRC hands Azerbaijani side corpses of eliminated soldiers". armenpress.am. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
62. "Armenian President, OSCE Minsk Group discuss Karabakh in Yerevan". PanARMENIAN.Net. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
63. Zulfugar Agayev,Sara Khojoyan (14 April 2016). "Truce Shaken as Azeris Say Soldier Killed in Armenian Attack". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
64. "Nagorno-Karabakh Says Fighter Killed By Azerbaijani Fire". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
65. "Armenian soldier killed in Azeri firing". Public Radio of Armenia. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
66. "Lavrov Visits Armenia Amid Sporadic Firing Around Nagorno-Karabakh". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
67. "Mortar Shells from Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Hit Northeastern Iran". Tasnim. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
68. News, Statement, EOI official site
69. "All bodies of the deceased transferred by the Azerbaijani side had signs of torture and mutilation". Առավոտ – Նորություններ Հայաստանից. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
70. "Заявление Государственной комиссии НКР по вопросам военнопленных, заложников и без вести пропавших". ԳԱԼԱ. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
71. "Кавказский Узел - Азербайджан опроверг заявления о глумлении над телами убитых". Кавказский Узел. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
72. Karabakh MFA: No traces of abuse or ill-treatment were discovered on bodies of Azerbaijani soldiers", A1+, 15 April 2016
73. Bodner, Matthew (6 April 2016). "How Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Could Spark Major International Crisis". The Moscow Times. By the time both sides stopped shooting at each other on April 5, it indeed appeared that the previous status quo has been more-or-less preserved.
74. Hakobyan, Tatul (14 April 2016). "Պատերազմի առաջին զոհը ճշմարտությունն է, եւ լրագրողներս պետք է այն հասցնենք հանրությանը" (in Armenian). ANI Foundation for Armenian Studies. Սա չորսօրյա պատերազմ է, որտեղ ադրբեջանական կողմը չհաղթեց, իսկ հայկական կողմը չպարտվեց: Սա ես համարում եմ ողբերգություն, որովհետեւ անիմաստ սպանվեցին տասնյակ մարդիկ եւ եղան հարյուրավոր վիրավորներ:
75. Shirinyan, Anahit (22 April 2016). "Four-Day Battle Over Nagorny Karabakh May Be a Prelude to a New War". Chatham House.
76. Shiriyev, Zaur (22 April 2016). "Violence in Nagorny Karabakh a Reflection of Azerbaijan's Security Dilemma". Chatham House.
77. Şahbazov, Fuad (11 April 2016). "The new trends of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict". The Washington Review of Middle Eastern and Eurasian Affairs.
78. "Int'l observer: Azerbaijan showed its military rhetoric is not in vain". News.Az. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
79. Ghazanchyan, Siranush (6 April 2016). "32 Armenian soldiers dead, 121 wounded, 25 missing". Public Radio of Armenia. Colonel Arustamyan gave clarifications about an Armenian military position left under Azerbaijani control. According to him, it's of no strategic significance, as the area of its peak is 5 meters, and the height is 20 meters as compared to the overall landscape.
80. Halpin, Anthony; Khojoyan, Sara. "War May Resume at `Any Moment,' Armenian President Warns". Bloomberg. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
81. "Dismissed: Sargsyan relieves three generals of senior army positions". ArmeniaNow. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
82. "Armenia: Azerbaijan gains no high ground in Karabakh". ArmeniaNow. 4 April 2016.
83. Armenia government approves bill on recognition of Karabakh independence, news.am, 05 May 2016
84. Seddon, Max; Farchy, Jack (3 April 2016). "Azerbaijan and Armenia in worst clashes for decades". Financial Times. On Sunday, Azerbaijan's president, Ilham Aliyev, called the skirmishes a "great victory" as the country declared a unilateral ceasefire.
85. "Press release 6/04/2016". Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan Republic. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
86. За что азербайджанских журналистов назвали нацпредателями // tvrain.ru 25 апреля 2016
87. Serzh Sargsyan awards soldiers in Nagorno Karabakh
88. "20-летнему Роберту Абаджяну посмертно присвоено звание Героя Арцаха. В НКР наградили защитников родины (фото)". Hetq.am (in Russian). 12 May 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
89. Azerbaijan awards military servicemen for distinguished bravery in prevention of Armenian provocations
90. 4 günlük müharibənin qəhrəmanı ANS-ə danışdı // anspress.com, 22 April 2016
91. Полковник Мурад Мирзаев посмертно получил звание Национального героя
92. Prezident şəhid mayora Milli Qəhrəman adı verib // azvision.az, 20 April 2016.
93. Azerbaijani officer received the rank of General // axar.az, 20 April 2016.
94. "Top EU Diplomat Mogherini Calls for End to Fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh". Sputnik News. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
95. "Генсек ООН призвал немедленно прекратить столкновения в Карабахе" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
96. "PACE President calls for respect of cease fire in Nagorno-Karabakh". PACE. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
97. "Nagorny Karabakh clashes continue despite Azerbaijan 'ceasefire'". The Citizen. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
98. "CSTO Chief Blames Baku For Escalation In Karabakh". Azadutyun. 2 April 2016.
99. "OSCE Minsk Group Calls for Ending Hostilities in Nagorno-Karabakh (VIDEO)". Sputnik News. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
100. "OSCE Minsk Group to Discuss Nagorno-Karabakh Escalated Tensions on April 5". Sputnik International. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
101. "United States Condemns Ceasefire Violations Along Nagorno-Karabakh Line of Contact". U.S. Department of State.
102. Nathan Hodge (3 April 2016). "U.S., Russia Call for Restraint After Outbreak of Fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh". WSJ.
103. Reuters Editorial (4 April 2016). "Turkey must stop meddling in other states' affairs, end support of terrorism, Russia says". Reuters. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
104. "Yerevan is dissatisfied with Minsk's support for Azerbaijan's territorial integrity". Vestnik Kavkaza. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
105. "Yerevan bewildered over Belarus position on Karabakh conflict". Arka.am. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
106. "Lukashenko calls for dialogue between Nagorny Karabakh conflict parties". Belarus News. 4 April 2016.
107. "Bulgaria Concerned about Ceasefire Violations in Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict". Novinite. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
108. "Canada calls for true ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh". armenpress.am. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
109. "Canada calls for restraint in Nagorno-Karabakh". trend.az. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
110. "Prohlášení MZV k porušování příměří v oblasti konfliktu v Náhorním Karabachu". Ministerstvo zahraničních věcí České republiky. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
111. "MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIR".
112. "Tbilisi Concerned Over Heavy Fighting in Nagorno-Karabakh". Civil Georgia. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
113. "Georgian President Calls on Armenia, Azerbaijan to Direct Efforts towards Peace". Civil Georgia. 5 April 2016. Retrieved 5 April 2016.
114. "В Грузии выразили озабоченность в связи с обострением ситуации в Нагорном Карабахе". Rosbalt.
115. "Conflicting Reports on Number of Casualties in Nagorno-Karabakh Fighting". Haaretz.com.
116. "Foreign Ministry announcement on the recent incidents in Nagorno-Karabakh".
117. "PressTV". Retrieved 3 April 2016.
118. "Казахстан призвал установить режим прекращения огня в Нагорном Карабахе" (in Russian). Vestnik Kavkaza. 3 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
119. "Eurasian Union Meeting In Yerevan Cancelled". RFE/RL's Armenian Service. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
120. "Kyrgyzstan ready to contribute to Nagorno-Karabakh settlement". TASS Russian News Agency. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
121. "Riga Calls on Baku, Yerevan to Refrain From Conflict Escalation in Karabakh". Sputnik News. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
122. "Глава МИД Норвегии призвал стороны к прекращению огня в Карабахе" (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 2 April 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2016.
123. "Ministry of Foreign Affairs".
124. "Pakistan always stands by Azerbaijan, says high-ranking official". azernews.az. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
125. "Poland prioritizes stabilization of situation in Nagorno Karabakh conflict zone". armenpress.am. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
126. "Romania urges to resume diplomatic efforts to resolve Nagorno Karabakh conflict". armenpress.am. 4 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
127. "Azerbaijan retakes land occupied by Armenia". Anadolu Agency.
128. "No: 82, 2 Nisan 2016, Temas Hattında ve Azerbaycan-Ermenistan Sınır Hattında Devam Eden Çatışmalar Hk". T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı.
129. "Nagorno-Karabakh clash: Turkey backs Azeris 'to the end' against Armenia – BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
130. "Turkey Seeks Muslim Support For Azerbaijan Over Karabakh". «Ազատ Եվրոպա/Ազատություն» ռադիոկայան. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
131. ^ Karabakh conflict solution must respect Azerbaijan's territorial integrity – Ukrainian foreign ministry, Interfax-Ukraine (5 April 2016)
     The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine comment on the aggravation of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Foreign Ministry of Ukraine(5 April 2016)
132. "Ukraine supports Azerbaijan's territorial integrity within intl recognized borders – Poroshenko tells Aliyev". Kyiv Post. 5 April 2016.
133. "Minister for Europe statement on Nagorno-Karabakh conflict".
134. "Telephone Conversation between the Foreign Ministers of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic and the Pridnestrovian Moldovian Republic".
135. "Telephone conversation with NKR Foreign Minister Karen Mirzoyan". Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
136. "Telephone conversation between Foreign Ministers of Nagorno Karabakh Republic and Republic of Abkhazia". Armenpress. 7 April 2016.
137. "Telephone Conversation between Foreign Ministers of the NKR and South Ossetia".
138. Сообщение пресс-службы Министерства иностранных дел Республики Южная Осетия | Министерство иностранных дел
139. "Congressional Leaders Condemn Devastating Azerbaijani Attacks on NKR". Armenian Weekly. 4 April 2016.
140. "Congressman Jim Costa deplores Azeri attack against Karabakh". Public Radio of Armenia. 5 April 2016.
141. "Парламент Страны Басков: 2 апреля нападение предпринял Азербайджан". Радио Свобода. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
142. "Demirtaş: Hükümet Karabağ'a körükle gidiyor Paylaş". Agos (in Turkish). 5 April 2016.
143. "Pro-Kurdish Leader Blames Turkey for Karabakh Re-Escalation". Asbarez. 5 April 2016.
144. "Лидер крымских татар призвал Украину поддержать Азербайджан". haqqin.az. 5 April 2016.
145. "BİR KƏRƏ YÜKSƏLƏN BAYRAQ BİR DAHA ENMƏZ... – Mikheil Saakashvili – Facebook".
146. "Georgia's ex-president Saakashvili expresses support to Azerbaijan". Trend.Az. 6 April 2016.
147. Helix Consulting LLC. "Greek and Latvian parliamentarians visit Artsakh". Retrieved 12 April 2016.
148. "L'OSCE doit réintégrer la République du Haut-Karabagh dans les négociations de paix". Le Monde.fr. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
149. "La France doit agir pour la paix au Haut-Karabakh". Libération.fr. Retrieved 22 April 2016.
150. "Soutien à l'appel de 30 parlementaires pour une initiative de la France" (in French). Nouvelles d'Arménie Magazine. 12 April 2016.
151. "Valérie Boyer – Le Haut-Karabagh a été une nouvelle fois... – Facebook".
152. "Valérie Boyer (LR) : "Il faut désormais reconnaître le Haut-Karabagh"". Valeurs Actuelles (in French). 6 April 2016.
153. MEP Frank Engel comes out for recognition of Nagorno-Karabakh's independence, by Nana Martirosyan, Arminfo, April 24
154. "French senator calls on UN Security Council to condemn Armenian aggression against Azerbaijan". Trend.Az. 3 April 2016.
155. Gyöngyösi, Márton. "Jobbik calls upon Baku and Yerevan to settle their conflict peacefully in line with international law". jobbik.com. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
156. "RI Lawmakers Condemn Azerbaijani Offensive against NKR". Armenian Weekly. 12 April 2016.
157. "Los Angeles City Hall lit up in Armenian tri-color". PanArmenian. 13 April 2016.
158. "Vigil at LA City Hall following attack on Armenians in Azerbaijan". KPCC.
159. Cetinoglu: Ankara’s support for Baku is exporting of genocide policy, news.am, 23.04.2016
160. Rep. Loretta Sanchez Calls for Leahy Law Investigation of Azerbaijani Abuses, Asbarez Daily

• Azerbaijan
• 2010s

• Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
• Conflicts in 2016
• 2016 in Armenia
• 2016 in Azerbaijan
• Battles involving Armenia
• Battles involving the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
• Battles involving Azerbaijan
• Battles post-1945