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| '''Berwick-upon-Tweed''', (pronounced "Berrick") situated in the county of ], is the northernmost town in ]. It it situated on the estuary of the river ], on the east coast of England. Although in that region the Tweed forms the border between England and ], and Berwick is located on the northern, Scottish, side, the modern boundary diverts itself around the city to keep it England. In 1991 the town had a population of 13,500. It is the administrative centre of the borough of ]. | '''Berwick-upon-Tweed''', (pronounced "Berrick") situated in the county of ], is the northernmost town in ]. It it situated on the estuary of the river ], on the east coast of England. Although in that region the Tweed forms the border between England and ], and Berwick is located on the northern, Scottish, side, the modern boundary diverts itself around the city to keep it England. In 1991 the town had a population of 13,500. It is the administrative centre of the borough of ]. | ||
| Berwick is a market town and seaport; its main economic activity is ] fishing. Other industries in Berwick include: shipbuilding, engineering, |
Berwick is a market town and seaport; its main economic activity is ] fishing. Other industries in Berwick include: shipbuilding, engineering, ]ing, ] production, and the manufacture of tweed and hosiery. | ||
| Between ] and ] the town changed hands between England and ] more than thirteen times. In 1314 ] mustered 25,000 men at Berwick-upon-Tweed, who later fought in (and lost) the ]. In 1482 it was claimed for England by King ], although not officially merged into England. | Between ] and ] the town changed hands between England and ] more than thirteen times. In 1314 ] mustered 25,000 men at Berwick-upon-Tweed, who later fought in (and lost) the ]. In 1482 it was claimed for England by King ], although not officially merged into England. | ||
| The town proper lies on the north bank and to the north of the river Tweed, and was formerly the county town of ]. During the reign of Queen ] vast sums were spent on its fortifications, in the new style, designed both to withstand artillery and to facilitate its use from within the fortifications. Although Berwick Castle was demolished in the nineteenth century to make way for the railway, the military barracks remain, as do the town's rampart walls - one of the finest remaining examples of its type in the country. | The town proper lies on the north bank and to the north of the ], and was formerly the county town of ]. During the reign of Queen ], vast sums were spent on its fortifications, in the new style, designed both to withstand artillery and to facilitate its use from within the fortifications. Although Berwick Castle was demolished in the nineteenth century to make way for the railway, the military barracks remain, as do the town's rampart walls - one of the finest remaining examples of its type in the country. | ||
| After King ] of Scotland also became James I of England in ], it was not returned to Scotland. In ] the ] act was passed to make it so that when legislation referred to England, it included ]. It remained a separate county in its own right until later, and was not included in ] for Parliamentary purposes until ]. | After King ] of Scotland also became James I of England in ], it was not returned to Scotland. In ] the ] act was passed to make it so that when legislation referred to England, it included ]. It remained a separate county in its own right until later, and was not included in ] for Parliamentary purposes until ]. | ||
| Various proclamations authored before 1885 referred to "England, Scotland and the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed". One such was the declaration of war against ] in ], but it was not named in the peace treaty of 1856 - was it still at war with Russia or not? The problem arose because ] signed the declaration of war as "Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, Ireland, Berwick-upon-Tweed and all British Dominions". But when the ] was signed the "Berwick-upon-Tweed" was missed out. In ] a Soviet official waited upon the Mayor of Berwick, Councillor Robert Knox, and a peace treaty was formally signed. Mr Knox is reputed to have said "Please tell the Russian people that they can sleep peacefully in their beds." | Various proclamations authored before 1885 referred to "England, Scotland and the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed". One such was the declaration of war against ] in ], but it was not named in the peace treaty of 1856 - was it still at war with Russia or not? The problem arose because ] signed the declaration of war as "Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, Ireland, Berwick-upon-Tweed and all British Dominions". But when the ] was signed the "Berwick-upon-Tweed" was missed out. In ] a Soviet official waited upon the Mayor of Berwick, Councillor Robert Knox, and a peace treaty was formally signed. Mr Knox is reputed to have said "Please tell the Russian people that they can sleep peacefully in their beds." | ||
| ==Places of interest== | ==Places of interest== | ||
Revision as of 10:23, 5 November 2004
Berwick-upon-Tweed, (pronounced "Berrick") situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost town in England. It it situated on the estuary of the river Tweed, on the east coast of England. Although in that region the Tweed forms the border between England and Scotland, and Berwick is located on the northern, Scottish, side, the modern boundary diverts itself around the city to keep it England. In 1991 the town had a population of 13,500. It is the administrative centre of the borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Berwick is a market town and seaport; its main economic activity is salmon fishing. Other industries in Berwick include: shipbuilding, engineering, sawmilling, fertilizer production, and the manufacture of tweed and hosiery.
Between 1147 and 1482 the town changed hands between England and Scotland more than thirteen times. In 1314 Edward II of England mustered 25,000 men at Berwick-upon-Tweed, who later fought in (and lost) the Battle of Bannockburn. In 1482 it was claimed for England by King Edward IV, although not officially merged into England.
The town proper lies on the north bank and to the north of the river Tweed, and was formerly the county town of Berwickshire. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, vast sums were spent on its fortifications, in the new style, designed both to withstand artillery and to facilitate its use from within the fortifications. Although Berwick Castle was demolished in the nineteenth century to make way for the railway, the military barracks remain, as do the town's rampart walls - one of the finest remaining examples of its type in the country.
After King James VI of Scotland also became James I of England in 1603, it was not returned to Scotland. In 1746 the Wales and Berwick act was passed to make it so that when legislation referred to England, it included Berwick. It remained a separate county in its own right until later, and was not included in Northumberland for Parliamentary purposes until 1885.
Various proclamations authored before 1885 referred to "England, Scotland and the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed". One such was the declaration of war against Russia in 1853, but it was not named in the peace treaty of 1856 - was it still at war with Russia or not? The problem arose because Queen Victoria signed the declaration of war as "Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, Ireland, Berwick-upon-Tweed and all British Dominions". But when the Treaty of Paris (1856) was signed the "Berwick-upon-Tweed" was missed out. In 1966 a Soviet official waited upon the Mayor of Berwick, Councillor Robert Knox, and a peace treaty was formally signed. Mr Knox is reputed to have said "Please tell the Russian people that they can sleep peacefully in their beds."