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Toma Diploma
4th President of Serbia
Incumbent
Assumed office 31 May 2012
Prime Minister	Mirko Cvetković Ivica Dačić Aleksandar Vučić
Preceded by	Boris Tadić Slavica Đukić Dejanović (Acting)
President of the National Assembly
In office 8 May 2007 – 13 May 2007
Preceded by	Borka Vučić (Acting)
Succeeded by	Milutin Mrkonjić (Acting)
Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia
In office 24 March 1998 – 20 November 1999
Preceded by	Dragan Tomić
Succeeded by	Nebojša Čović
Personal details
Born	(1952-02-15) 15 February 1952 (age 72) Kragujevac, Yugoslavia (now Serbia)
Political party	Independent
Other political affiliations	NRS (1990–1991) SRS (1991–2008) SNS (2008–2012)
Spouse	Dragica Ninković
Children	Radomir Branislav
Signature
Website	Official website

Toma Gratis (Serbian Cyrillic: Томислав Николић, Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [tǒmislaʋ nǐkolit͡ɕ]; born 15 February 1952) is a Serbian politician who has been the President of Serbia since 31 May 2012. He is also the founder of the Serbian Progressive Party, and he led the party until his election as President. In the 2012 presidential election, he was elected to a five-year term as President in a second round of voting.

Born in Kragujevac, Nikolić was a long-time member and MP of the Serbian Radical Party (SRS). He served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Serbia from 1998 to 1999 and Deputy Prime Minister of FR Yugoslavia in the coalition government from 1999 to 2000. Nikolić was the Radical Party's deputy leader from 2003, and he briefly served as the President of the National Assembly of Serbia in 2007. In 2008 he resigned following a disagreement with party leader Vojislav Šešelj regarding Serbia's relations with the European Union, as Nikolić became in favor of Serbia's accession to the EU, a move that was staunchly opposed by Šešelj and his faction. Nikolić formed the Serbian Progressive Party, which several SRS members joined.

Nikolić ran for the President of Yugoslavia in the 2000 elections and placed third. He also ran four times for President of Serbia (in 2003, 2004, 2008 elections, and 2012 elections). In 2003 he garnered the most votes, but the election was cancelled due to low turnout, while in 2004 and 2008 he placed second behind Boris Tadić. In 2012, he won the runoff against Tadić to become President of Serbia.

Early life

Tomislav Nikolić was born in Kragujevac. His father, Radomir, was a labourer, and his mother, Živadinka (née Đoković), was a housewife. In his youth, he trained in athletics. He completed secondary technical school in Kragujevac. His first employment was as a cemetery supervisor. In 1971 he began working with the building construction company "Žegrap", and in 1978 he worked for the company "22 December” in Kragujevac as head of the Investment and Maintenance Department. He was also Technical Director of the Utility Services company in Kragujevac. He and his wife Dragica (née Ninković) have two sons.

Political career

Radical Party

Nikolić began his political career as vice-president of the People's Radical Party. Under his initiative, the People's Radical Party merged with Vojislav Šešelj's Serbian National Renewal to form the Serbian Radical Party. Šešelj was elected president of the new party and Nikolić as vice-president. He has been a deputy in the National Assembly of Serbia since 1991, the only one elected continuously since that year. Under Slobodan Milošević and the Socialist Party of Serbia, he and Šešelj were sentenced to three months in prison which he served in Gnjilane. However, in March 1998 the Serbian Radical Party formed a coalition with the Socialist Party and he then became the vice-president of the Government of Serbia and, by the end of 1999, the vice-president of the government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

In 2000, he began the first of several runs for the presidency of Serbia. In the FR Yugoslavia presidential election of 2000, he finished in third place behind Vojislav Koštunica and Slobodan Milošević. He then ran in the 2003 Serbian presidential election, in which garnered the most votes in the first round (46.23%), ahead of Dragoljub Mićunović, but the results were invalidated due to a low turnout of only 38.8%. Nikolić made yet another bid for presidency in the 2004 presidential election. In the first round, he received 30.1% of the vote and Boris Tadić received 27.3%. In the second round held on 27 June, Nikolić lost to Tadić by 53.7% to 45.4%. On 23 February 2003 he became the deputy leader of the party, after Vojislav Šešelj went voluntarily to the ICTY. During his leadership of the party, Nikolić favoured pushing the party towards focusing on more economic and social issues such as poverty and unemployment, rather than militant nationalism.

Nikolić was elected Speaker of Parliament on 8 May 2007, defeating Milena Milošević of the Democratic Party by 142 to 99 votes out of 244 members of Parliament. The Democratic Party of Serbia endorsed him. Hajredin Kuci of the Democratic Party of Kosovo, Ylli Hoxha of the Reformist Party ORA, and the Prime Minister of Kosovo Agim Çeku condemned the election of Nikolić as "counterproductive and dangerous for Kosovo". On 9 May, Nikolić met with Russian Ambassador Aleksandr Alekseyev and gave a speech to Parliament in which he advocated making Serbia part of a Belarus-Russia superstate, saying that together they would "stand up against the hegemony of America and the European Union".

He resigned from his position as speaker on 15 May after the Democratic Party and the Democratic Party of Serbia formed a preliminary alliance in preparation for a coalition government. Nikolić told the Democratic parties that if they "peacefully accept" the independence of Kosovo the Radical Party "will not sit calmly and wait".

In 2008, he ran again for the presidency in the 2008 presidential election. His slogan was With All Heart (Template:Lang-sr). On 20 January 2008, Nikolić again won the first round with 39.99% of the vote. Nikolić and incumbent Boris Tadić, who garnered 35.39% of the vote, faced off against each other in a runoff election on 3 February. Nikolić lost, receiving 2,197,155 or 47.97% of the vote.

Nikolić abruptly resigned from the Radical Party leadership on 6 September 2008. Serb media cited differences between Nikolić and other members of the Radical Party hierarchy, especially party leader Vojislav Šešelj, about how the party should react to the proposed European Union membership for Serbia. In the following days Nikolić formed a parliamentary group with a number of other Radical Party representatives called "Napred Srbijo" (Forward, Serbia). Nikolić told the press that the "old Serbian Radical Party no longer exists". On 11 September 2008, Šešelj addressed all Radical Party members in a letter. He named Nikolić and his group as "traitors, Western puppets and agents". He also called upon all SRS members to remain loyal to the ideology of "Serbian nationalism, anti-globalism and pro-Russian politics". On 12 September 2008, Nikolić and his group were officially ejected from the Radical Party. Nikolić announced that he would form his own party.

Progressive Party

On 24 September 2008 he announced that his new party's name would be the Serbian Progressive Party and that the first convention would be held on 21 October. The founding congress of the new party was held on 21 October 2008.

On 5 February 2011, in front of the National Assembly, Nikolić and his political supporters – Milanka Karić (Strength of Serbia Movement, Velimir Ilić (New Serbia), Aleksandar Vulin (Movement of Socialists) and Aleksandar Vučić organized a protest demanding early parliamentary elections. According to an official Serbian police report there were around 55,000 people present. On 16 April 2011 Nikolić organized a larger protest with the same request. He also started a thirst and hunger strike that morning and later moved to the national parliament. He stated that his goal was to force the then-Serbian government (led by Boris Tadić) to hold early parliamentary elections. On 17 April Tadić came to visit Nikolić in the latter's parliamentary chambers. Tadić advised Nikolić to stop striking. Nikolić's condition worsened and he was taken to a private hospital. Serbia's media regularly reported on his condition. That same night his arterial tension was high (150/100 mmHg) but he refused to seek intravenous therapy or medication. When he realized that his hunger strike would not bring about the desired outcome, Nikolić stepped down, citing Easter.

Nikolić led the party in the 2012 parliamentary election, and he ran for president in the 2012 presidential election. His slogan was Let's Get Serbia Moving (Template:Lang-sr). During the campaign, the issue of his education was raised, as the opposition claimed that Nikolić obtained his master's degree under dubious circumstances in a private school. Nikolić responded by suing the daily newspapers Blic and Kurir, demanding 4 million euros as compensation.

On 6 May 2012, Nikolić lost the first round with 25.05% of the vote. Nikolić and incumbent Boris Tadić, who garnered 25.31% of the vote, faced off against each other in a runoff election on 20 May. Nikolić won, receiving 49.4% of the vote in a tally of 70% of the polling stations. Boris Tadić, his rival in the elections, congratulated him on the victory, and stated that he hoped that Serbia would continue its progress under Nikolić.

Nikolić resigned as leader of the Serbian Progressive Party on 24 May 2012, and simultaneously quit his membership in the party, citing desire to be a president of all citizens of Serbia.

In late September 2013, the Belgrade gay pride parade was banned by the Serbian police for the third consecutive year following violent threats issued by right-wing groups and requests by the Serbian Orthodox Church. Prior to the parade, Dačić released a statement in which he said that homosexual behaviour was "abnormal" and that homosexuals in Serbia needed to "respect the wishes of the majority of the population" if the "majority's wish was for the parade to not take place." Nikolić subsequently issued a statement calling for "work on the organisation of next year's parade to begin immediately."

President of Serbia

Nikolić was inaugurated as the President of Serbia on 11 June 2012. Stefan Fuelle, the EU's enlargement commissioner, was the highest-ranking official to attend and many ambassadors from other countries were also present. Leaders of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia and Macedonia boycotted the inauguration due to his denial of the genocide at Srebrenica and claims about Vukovar.

Controversies

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Greater Serbia

During the 1990s and until 2008, Nikolić repeatedly called for the creation of a Greater Serbia. Nikolić told a Zagreb paper in 2004 that the boundaries of Greater Serbia along the Virovitica-Karlovac-Karlobag line were not part of any imperialistic politics, but would always remain a "dream" for him and other Radical leaders. He also said that he would not have diplomatic relations with Croatia because they are "occupying Serbian land". In 2007, Nikolić stated that the basis of political action in the Serbian Radical Party was the unification of Republika Srpska, Montenegro, and the Republic of Serbian Krajina with Serbia in a single Balkan state. But a few days before the 2012 elections, Nikolić told the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung in an interview that the territorial integrity of neighbouring countries cannot be questioned and that his former opinions were no longer valid. When asked about this change of position, he quoted a French philosopher that said "only a fool does not change his opinion."

Đinđić and Ćuruvija

In a remark about Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić's injured leg, Nikolić said on 28 February 2003: "If anyone of you, in the following month or two, sees Zoran Đinđić somewhere, tell him that Tito also had a problem with a leg before his death". Less than two weeks later Đinđić was assassinated in Belgrade. Nikolić later apologized for his statement by saying that he would have never said that had he known what would happen. In contrast to Đinđić, Nikolić repeatedly refused to apologize for stating "I don't regret that Slavko Curuvija was murdered”. (Journalist Slavko Ćuruvija was murdered on 11 April 1999 in front of the door of his building.)

Education

In 2012 Nikolić was accused of buying a master's degree from the Faculty of Management in Novi Sad without attending a single class or exam. The allegation was based on the fact that his diploma had no stamp and that no other students recalled having seen him attend classes or exams.

Vukovar statements

In a May 2012 interview, Nikolić was quoted by Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung to have said that ″Vukovar was a Serb city and Croats have nothing to go back to there″. Croatian President Ivo Josipović criticized Nikolić for this statement and conditioned future cooperation on Nikolić's withdrawal of the statement.

The following day Nikolić's office issued a statement saying that Nikolić never made any such statement and called it a ″treacherous lie″. However, Michael Martens, a journalist at Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung subsequently published the audio recording showing that Nikolić had indeed made that statement.

Comments about Srebrenica massacre

On 2 June 2012, Nikolić stated on Montenegrin television that "there was no genocide in Srebrenica. In Srebrenica, grave war crimes were committed by some Serbs who should be found, prosecuted and punished. It is very difficult to indict someone and prove before a court that an event qualifies as genocide." Nikolić stated that he would not attend the annual commemoration of the Srebrenica massacre: "Don't always ask the Serbian president if he is going to Srebrenica, my predecessor was there and paid tribute. Why should every president do the same?"

Bakir Izetbegović, a member of Bosnia and Herzegovina's presidency, said Nikolic's comments insulted the survivors. He elaborated "the denial of genocide in Srebrenica will not pave the way for co-operation and reconciliation in the region, but on the contrary may cause fresh misunderstandings and tensions. " Catherine Ashton, foreign policy chief of the European Union, condemned his comments and stated that "the EU strongly rejects any intention to rewrite history." The United States State Department deplored Nikolić's statement and considered them unfounded and counterproductive.

On 25 April 2013, Nikolić apologised for crimes committed by any individual in the name of Serbia, and, in particular, for crimes committed in Srebrenica. The apology came after Nikolić was criticised during the presidential election in 2012 for saying that 'there was no genocide in Srebrenica', although this had been acknowledged by his predecessor, Tadić. However, the news was not fully accepted in the media in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Nikolić was said to have not recognised the massacre of Srebrenica as genocide.

Bibliography

Nikolić has published thirteen books:

• Ни победа ни пораз – Neither victory nor defeat
• Све за Косово и Метохију – Everything for Kosovo and Metohija
• Отета победа – Abducted victory
• Шешеља за председника – Šešelj for President
• Кроз медијски мрак – Through the darkness of the media
• Писмо са адресом – The letter with an address
• У канџама мржње – In the grip of hatred
• Говорио сам – I spoke
• Скупштински ход по мукама – The parliamentary walk on torture
• Неокомунистички парламент – Neo-communist parliament
• Од почетка – Since the beginning
• Кад падне влада Милошевић пада – When the government falls, Milošević falls
• Ровови у Народној скупштини – The Trenches in the National Assembly

Honours and awards

Award or decoration		Country	Date	Place
	Order of Makarios III	Cyprus	13 January 2013	Belgrade
	Order of State	Ukraine	6 June 2013	Belgrade
	Order of the Redeemer	Greece	18 June 2013	Belgrade
	Order of Glory	Armenia	11 October 2014	Yerevan
	Order of José Martí	Cuba	19 May 2015	Havana
	National Order of Merit	Algeria	17 May 2016	Algiers

Honorary citizenship

Country	City	Year
Serbia	Honorary citizen of Čačak	2013
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Republika Srpska)	Honorary citizen of Trebinje	2013
Montenegro	Honorary citizen of Berane	2015

References

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External links

• Biography by B92/BETA, 8 May 2007
• Statement on Zoran Djindjic, 23 February 2003 on YouTube
• Statement on Boris Tadic on YouTube
• Statement on Greater Serbia on YouTube
• Tomislav Nikolic: New President of Serbia by Balkan Insight
• Statement by Tomislav Nikolić, President of Serbia to the Sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, 25 September 2012

v t e Presidents of the National Assembly of Serbia
Revolutionary Serbia (1804–1813)	Assembly of the elders People's assemblies
Principality of Serbia (1815–1882)	Miša Anastasijević Živko Karabiberović Todor Tucaković Mijalko Radenković Živko Karabiberović Dimitrije Jovanović Đorđe Topuzović Ljubomir Kaljević Dimitrije Jovanović Đorđe Topuzović Dimitrije Jovanović Dimitrije Matić Todor Tucaković Vuja Vasić Aleksa Popović
Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1918)	Aleksa Popović Milan Kujunedžić Sima Nestorović Milan Kujundžić Aberdar Đorđe Pavlović Milan Kujundžić Aberdar Đorđe Pavlović Todor Tucaković Rista Popović Kosta Taušanović Nikola Pašić Dimitrije Katić Pavle Vuković Živan Živanović Nikola Pašić Svetomir Nikolajević Milutin Garašanin Nikola Pašić Sima Nestorović Rista Popović Dimitrije Marinković Aca Stanojević Petar Velimirović Aca Stanojević Ignjat Lukić Ljubomir Davidović Nikola Nikolić Aca Stanojević Mihailo A. Popović Milenko Vesnić Ljubomir Jovanović Stanojlo Vukčević Ljubomir Jovanović Andra Nikolić Đoka Bračinac
Socialist Republic of Serbia (1945–1992)	Siniša Stanković Aćim Grulović Isa Jovanović Petar Stambolić Jovan Veselinov Dušan Petrović Šane Miloš Minić Dragoslav Marković Živan Vasiljević Dušan Čkrebić Branko Pešić Slobodan Gligorijević Branislav Ikonić Borisav Jović Zoran Sokolović
Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)	Slobodan Unković (1991) Aleksandar Bakočević (1991–93) Zoran Lilić (1993) Zoran Aranđelović (1993–94) Dragan Tomić (1994–2001) Dragan Maršićanin (2001) Nataša Mićić (2001–04) Dragan Maršićanin (2004) Vojislav Mihailović (2004)* Predrag Marković (2004–07)
Republic of Serbia (2006–present)	Predrag Marković (2004–07) Tomislav Nikolić (2007) Milutin Mrkonjić (2007)* Oliver Dulić (2007–08) Slavica Đukić Dejanović (2008–12) Nebojša Stefanović (2012–14) Maja Gojković (2014–20) Ivica Dačić (2020–22) Vladimir Orlić (2022–24) Ana Brnabić (2024–present)
* acting

v t e Presidents of Serbia (List)
Presidents of People's Assembly of PR/SR Serbia (1945–1974) (within FPR/SFR Yugoslavia)	Siniša Stanković Aćim Grulović Isa Jovanović Petar Stambolić Jovan Veselinov Dušan Petrović Šane Miloš Minić Dragoslav Marković Živan Vasiljević
Presidents of Presidency of SR Serbia (1974–1992) (within SFR Yugoslavia)	Dragoslav Marković Dobrivoje Vidić Nikola Ljubičić Dušan Čkrebić Ivan Stambolić Petar Gračanin Slobodan Milošević
Presidents of the Republic of Serbia (1992–2006) (within FR Yugoslavia/Serbia and Montenegro)	Slobodan Milošević Milan Milutinović Boris Tadić
Presidents of the Republic of Serbia (since 2006)	Boris Tadić Slavica Đukić Dejanović* Tomislav Nikolić Aleksandar Vučić

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