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{{Verifiability|date=March 2016}} {{Verifiability|date=March 2016}}
{{Politics of Croatia}} {{Politics of Croatia}}
This is a '''list of ] of ]'''. Historically, the first republican ] of ] (then a ] of the ]) were the Presidents of the Presidium of the ], an office notably distinct from the ] (''Predsjednik Sabora''). When the Presidium was abolished in the constitutional reforms of 1953, the position defaulted to the Presidents of the Parliament. In 1974, a new constitution brought about a collective Croatian Presidency, with the President of the Presidency as head of state of the Republic. The next constitution of 1990 abolished the Presidency and established a single office of the President, which (under a new ]) was now much more empowered than any of the previous offices. Up until this point, the various heads of state wielded far less real executive power than the ]. This is a '''list of ] of ]'''. Historically, the first republican ] of ] (then a ] of the ]) were the Presidents of the Presidium of the ], an office notably distinct from the ] (''Predsjednik Sabora''). When the Presidium was abolished in the constitutional reforms of 1953, the position defaulted to the Presidents of the Parliament. In 1974, a new constitution brought about a collective Croatian Presidency, with the President of the Presidency as head of state of the Republic. The next constitution of 1990 abolished the Presidency and established a single office of the President, which (under a new ]) was now much more empowered than any of the previous offices. Up until this point, the various heads of state wielded far less real executive power than the ].


Since 1990, the President of the Republic of Croatia (''Predsjednik'') is directly elected to a five-year term and is limited to a maximum of two terms. However, with the ] of 2001, the powers of the President (much expanded in 1990) were now again severely curtailed, as Croatia shifted from a semi-presidential system, to a ]. As in most parliamentary systems, the President is now by-and-large a ceremonial office, with the Prime Minister ''de facto'' heading the executive branch. Also since 2001, the President cannot be a member of any political party:<ref>http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/232289.html</ref> he or she can be elected as a member of a party, but once elected must resign the membership, this is marked with an asterisk (*) next to the name of the political party in the table. Since 1990, the President of the Republic of Croatia (''Predsjednik'') is directly elected to a five-year term and is limited to a maximum of two terms. However, with the ] of 2001, the powers of the President (much expanded in 1990) were now again severely curtailed, as Croatia shifted from a semi-presidential system, to a ]. As in most parliamentary systems, the President is now by-and-large a ceremonial office, with the Prime Minister ''de facto'' heading the executive branch. Also since 2001, the President cannot be a member of any political party:<ref>http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/232289.html</ref> he or she can be elected as a member of a party, but once elected must resign the membership, this is marked with an asterisk (*) next to the name of the political party in the table.


⚫ ==Heads of state of the People's Republic of Croatia (1945–1963) and the Socialist Republic of Croatia (1963–1990)==
==List of officeholders (1945–present)==

Here follows a list of the republican heads of state of Croatia:<ref></ref>
===President of the Presidium of Parliament (1943-1953)===


{{legend2|{{League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (15) {{legend2|{{League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (15)
⚫ {{legend2|{{Social Democratic Party of Croatia/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (1)
⚫ {{legend2|{{Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (2)
⚫ {{legend2|{{Croatian Peasant Party/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
⚫ {{legend2|{{Croatian People's Party/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (1)


⚫ ===Heads of state of the People's Republic of Croatia (1945–1963) and the Socialist Republic of Croatia (1963–1990)===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- |-
Line 23: Line 19:
! Party ! Party
! Notes ! Notes
⚫ |-
| align="center" colspan="8" | '''Presidents of the Presidium of the Parliament'''<br /><small>1943-1953</small>
|- |-
| style="background: white; width:1em" | '''1''' | style="background: white; width:1em" | '''1'''
Line 54: Line 48:
|- |-
| style="width:17em;" | ]<br /><small>(renamed in 1952)</small> | style="width:17em;" | ]<br /><small>(renamed in 1952)</small>
⚫ |}


===Speaker of the Croatian Parliament (1953-1974)===

{{legend2|{{League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (15)
⚫ {{legend2|{{Social Democratic Party of Croatia/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (1)
⚫ {{legend2|{{Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (2)
⚫ {{legend2|{{Croatian Peasant Party/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
⚫ {{legend2|{{Croatian People's Party/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (1)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- |-
! No.
| align="center" colspan="8" | ''']'''<br /><small>1953-1974</small>
! colspan="2" | President
! Lifespan
! colspan="2" | Term of office<br>—<br>Electoral<br>mandates
! Party
! Notes
|- |-
| style="background: {{League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color}}; width:1em" | {{color|white|'''4'''}} | style="background: {{League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color}}; width:1em" | {{color|white|'''4'''}}
Line 101: Line 112:
| style="width:17em;" | ] | style="width:17em;" | ]
| style="width:18em;" | <small>Ceased to be the head of state with the establishment of the collective Presidency on 8 May 1974; continued on as ] until 1978. Also at one time held the positions of ], and ].</small> | style="width:18em;" | <small>Ceased to be the head of state with the establishment of the collective Presidency on 8 May 1974; continued on as ] until 1978. Also at one time held the positions of ], and ].</small>
|}


⚫ ===Presidents of the Presidency (1974-1990)===

{{legend2|{{League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (15)
{{legend2|{{Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (2)

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- |-
! No.
⚫ | align="center" colspan="8" | '''Presidents of the Presidency'''<br /><small>1974-1990</small>
! colspan="2" | President
! Lifespan
! colspan="2" | Term of office<br>—<br>Electoral<br>mandates
! Party
! Notes
|- |-
| style="background: {{League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color}}; width:1em" | {{color|white|'''9'''}} | style="background: {{League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color}}; width:1em" | {{color|white|'''9'''}}
Line 186: Line 211:
|} |}


===Presidents of the Republic of Croatia (1990–present)=== ==Presidents of the Republic of Croatia (1990–present)==

Franjo Tuđman was elected on 30 May 1990 as the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and held office together with 6 Vice-presidents of the Presidency. However, with the adoption of a new constitution on 22 December 1990 the name of the republic was changed, removing the word ''Socialist'' from its name and abolishing the Presidency in favor of the post of President of the Republic of Croatia. The Croatian Parliament declared independence on 25 June 1991, but postponed its decision until 8 October 1991, when Tuđman formally became president of an independent nation. Thus, the current office is not considered a continuation of the line of heads of state who held office while Croatia was a constituent republic in Yugoslavia and whose heads of state held a subnational office. Franjo Tuđman was elected on 30 May 1990 as the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and held office together with 6 Vice-presidents of the Presidency. However, with the adoption of a new constitution on 22 December 1990 the name of the republic was changed, removing the word ''Socialist'' from its name and abolishing the Presidency in favor of the post of President of the Republic of Croatia. The Croatian Parliament declared independence on 25 June 1991, but postponed its decision until 8 October 1991, when Tuđman formally became president of an independent nation. Thus, the current office is not considered a continuation of the line of heads of state who held office while Croatia was a constituent republic in Yugoslavia and whose heads of state held a subnational office.


{{legend2|{{Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (2)
{{legend2|{{Social Democratic Party of Croatia/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (1)
{{legend2|{{Croatian Peasant Party/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|{{Croatian People's Party/meta/color}}|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} (1)



{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

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This is a list of Heads of State of Croatia. Historically, the first republican heads of state of Croatia (then a constituent republic of the Yugoslavia) were the Presidents of the Presidium of the Croatian Parliament, an office notably distinct from the Speaker of the Parliament (Predsjednik Sabora). When the Presidium was abolished in the constitutional reforms of 1953, the position defaulted to the Presidents of the Parliament. In 1974, a new constitution brought about a collective Croatian Presidency, with the President of the Presidency as head of state of the Republic. The next constitution of 1990 abolished the Presidency and established a single office of the President, which (under a new semi-presidential system) was now much more empowered than any of the previous offices. Up until this point, the various heads of state wielded far less real executive power than the Prime Ministers.

Since 1990, the President of the Republic of Croatia (Predsjednik) is directly elected to a five-year term and is limited to a maximum of two terms. However, with the constitution of 2001, the powers of the President (much expanded in 1990) were now again severely curtailed, as Croatia shifted from a semi-presidential system, to a parliamentary system. As in most parliamentary systems, the President is now by-and-large a ceremonial office, with the Prime Minister de facto heading the executive branch. Also since 2001, the President cannot be a member of any political party: he or she can be elected as a member of a party, but once elected must resign the membership, this is marked with an asterisk (*) next to the name of the political party in the table.

Heads of state of the People's Republic of Croatia (1945–1963) and the Socialist Republic of Croatia (1963–1990)

President of the Presidium of Parliament (1943-1953)

  League of Communists of Yugoslavia (15)

No. President Lifespan Term of office
—
Electoral
mandates 		Party Notes
1 Vladimir Nazor Vladimir Nazor 1876–1949 13 June
1943 		19 June
1949 		Independent From 1943 to 1945 formal head of state as Speaker of the ZAVNOH (Croatian wartime assembly). Post-war served as head of state in the function of President of the Presidium of the Parliament. First head of state of modern Croatia. Died in office.
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 2 Karlo Mrazović Karlo Mrazović 1902–1987 15 October
1949
1952 		Communist Party of Yugoslavia
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" rowspan="2" | 3 Vicko Krstulović Vicko Krstulović 1905–1988
1952 		6 February
1953 		Communist Party of Yugoslavia
(renamed in 1952)
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
(renamed in 1952)


Speaker of the Croatian Parliament (1953-1974)

  League of Communists of Yugoslavia (15)   Social Democratic Party (1)   Croatian Democratic Union (2)   Croatian Peasant Party   Croatian People's Party (1)

No. President Lifespan Term of office
—
Electoral
mandates 		Party Notes
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 4 Zlatan Sremec Zlatan Sremec 1898–1971 6 February
1953 		December
1953 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia Speaker of Parliament since 1946; became formal head of state (as Speaker) on 6 February 1953 with the abolition of the Presidium.
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 5 Vladimir Bakarić Vladimir Bakarić 1912–1983 December
1953 		December
1963 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia Longest term to date as Croatian head of state, also served as Prime Minister of Croatia. People's Hero of Yugoslavia
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 6 Ivan Krajačić Ivan Krajačić 1906–1986 December
1963 		June
1967 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 7 Jakov Blažević Jakov Blažević 1912–1996 June
1967 		April
1974 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 8 Ivo Perišin Ivo Perišin 1925–2008 April
1974 		8 May
1974 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia Ceased to be the head of state with the establishment of the collective Presidency on 8 May 1974; continued on as Speaker until 1978. Also at one time held the positions of Prime Minister of Croatia, and Mayor of Split.


Presidents of the Presidency (1974-1990)

  League of Communists of Yugoslavia (15)   Croatian Democratic Union (2)

No. President Lifespan Term of office
—
Electoral
mandates 		Party Notes
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 9 Jakov Blažević Jakov Blažević 1912–1996 8 May
1974 		May
1982 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 10 Marijan Cvetković Marijan Cvetković 1920–1990 May
1982 		May
1983 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 11 Milutin Baltić Milutin Baltić 1920–2013 May
1983 		10 May
1984 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 12 Jakša Petrić Jakša Petrić 1922–1993 10 May
1984 		10 May
1985 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 13 Pero Car Pero Car 1920–1985 10 May
1985 		15 November
1985 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia Died in office.
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 14 Ema Derosi-Bjelajac Ema Derosi-Bjelajac 1926– 20 November
1985 		10 May
1986 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia First female head of state of modern Croatia.
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 15 Ante Marković Ante Marković 1924–2011 10 May
1986 		May
1988 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia Also at one time Prime Minister of Croatia, and last Prime Minister of Yugoslavia. Led successful reforms terminated by the ensuing Yugoslav Wars.
style="background: Template:League of Communists of Yugoslavia/meta/color; width:1em" | 16 Ivo Latin Ivo Latin 1929–2002 May
1988 		30 May
1990 		League of Communists of Yugoslavia
style="background: Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color; width:1em" | 17 Franjo Tuđman Franjo Tuđman 1922–1999 30 May
1990 		25 July
1990 		Croatian Democratic Union Constitutional amendments in July 1990 changed formal title to "President of Croatia" and expanded presidential powers. New constitution (third since 1945) drafted later that year.

Presidents of the Republic of Croatia (1990–present)

Franjo Tuđman was elected on 30 May 1990 as the President of the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Croatia, a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and held office together with 6 Vice-presidents of the Presidency. However, with the adoption of a new constitution on 22 December 1990 the name of the republic was changed, removing the word Socialist from its name and abolishing the Presidency in favor of the post of President of the Republic of Croatia. The Croatian Parliament declared independence on 25 June 1991, but postponed its decision until 8 October 1991, when Tuđman formally became president of an independent nation. Thus, the current office is not considered a continuation of the line of heads of state who held office while Croatia was a constituent republic in Yugoslavia and whose heads of state held a subnational office.


  Croatian Democratic Union (2)   Social Democratic Party (1)   Croatian Peasant Party   Croatian People's Party (1)


No. President Lifespan Term of office
—
Electoral
mandates 		Party Notes
style="background: Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color; width:1em" rowspan="2" | 1
 		Franjo Tuđman Franjo Tuđman
 1922–1999 25 July
1990 		10 December
1999 		Croatian Democratic Union Croatia independent from 25 June 1991.
Incapacitated from 26 November 1999; died while formally in office.
Elections:
1992 (56,7% - 1.519.100 votes),
1997 (61,4% - 1.337.990 votes)
style="background: Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color; width:1em" | Vlatko Pavletić Vlatko Pavletić
(acting) 		1930–2007 26 November
1999 		2 February
2000 		Croatian Democratic Union Acting president as Speaker of the Parliament.
style="background: Template:Croatian Peasant Party/meta/color; width:1em" | Zlatko Tomčić Zlatko Tomčić
(acting) 		1945– 2 February
2000 		18 February
2000 		Croatian Peasant Party Acting president as Speaker of the Parliament.
style="background: Template:Croatian People's Party/meta/color; width:1em" rowspan="2" | 2
 		Stjepan Mesić Stjepan Mesić
 1934– 18 February
2000 		18 February
2010 		Croatian People's Party*
(formally independent) 		Two terms. Previously served as Prime Minister of Croatia, Speaker of Parliament and the last President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia.
Elections:
2000 (56% - 1.433.372 votes),
2005 (65,9% - 1.454.451 votes)
style="background: Template:Social Democratic Party of Croatia/meta/color; width:1em" rowspan="2" | 3
 		Ivo Josipović Ivo Josipović
 1957– 19 February
2010 		18 February
2015 		Social Democratic Party*
(formally independent) 		One term. Lost election for second term.
Election:
2009–10 (60,3% - 1.339.385 votes)
style="background: Template:Croatian Democratic Union/meta/color; width:1em" rowspan="2" | 4
 		Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović 1968– 19 February
2015 		Incumbent Croatian Democratic Union*
(formally independent) 		First female president
Election:
2014–15 (50,7% - 1.114.945 votes)

Statistics

# President Date of birth Age at ascension
(first term) 		Time in office
(total) 		Age at retirement
(last term) 		Date of death Longevity
1 Tuđman, FranjoFranjo Tuđman 19220514May 14, 1922(May 14, 1922) 68 01668 years, 16 days 09 1949 years, 194 days 77 21077 years, 210 days 19991210December 10, 1999 28,33477 years, 210 days
A Pavletić, VlatkoVlatko Pavletić 19301202December 2, 1930(December 2, 1930) 69 00869 years, 8 days 00 0540 years, 54 days 69 06269 years, 62 days 20070919September 19, 2007 28,05076 years, 291 days
A Tomčić, ZlatkoZlatko Tomčić 19451007October 7, 1945(October 7, 1945) 54 11854 years, 118 days 00 0160 years, 16 days 54 13454 years, 134 days Living 28,93379 years, 78 days (Living)
2 Mesić, StjepanStjepan Mesić 19341224December 24, 1934(December 24, 1934) 65 05665 years, 56 days 10 00010 years, 0 days 55 24375 years, 56 days Living 32,87390 years, 0 days (Living)
3 Josipović, IvoIvo Josipović 19570828August 28, 1957(August 28, 1957) 52 17552 years, 175 days 05 0005 years, 0 days 57 17557 years, 175 days Living 24,59067 years, 118 days (Living)
4 Grabar-Kitarović, KolindaKolinda Grabar-Kitarović 19680429April 29, 1968(April 29, 1968) 46 29546 years, 295 days 00 316 21359 years, 309 days (Ongoing) Incumbent Living 20,69356 years, 239 days (Living)

A - Acting President

Facts and records of Presidents of Croatia

Age

  • Oldest first-term president: Franjo Tuđman (68 years, 16 days)
  • Oldest president upon second inauguration: Franjo Tuđman (75 years, 90 days)
  • Oldest president upon end of final term: Franjo Tuđman (77 years, 210 days)
  • Oldest head of state: Vlatko Pavletić (as acting President) (69 years, 8 days)
  • Youngest president upon inauguration: Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (46 years, 295 days)
  • Youngest president upon second inauguration: Franjo Tuđman (68 years, 16 days)
  • Youngest president upon end of term: Ivo Josipović (57 years, 175 days)
  • Youngest president upon end of second term: Stjepan Mesić (75 years, 56 days)
  • Youngest head of state upon end of term: Zlatko Tomčić (as acting President) (54 years, 134 days)

Terms and elections

  • Three terms: Franjo Tuđman (1990-1992, 1992-1997, 1997-2000)
  • Two terms: Stjepan Mesić (2000-2005, 2005-2010)
  • One term: Ivo Josipović (2010-2015), Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (in office since 2015)
  • Longest serving president: Stjepan Mesić (10 years)
  • Shortest serving president with complete term: Ivo Josipović (5 years)
  • Shortest serving head of state: Zlatko Tomčić (as acting president) (16 days)


  • Highest vote percentage in an election: Franjo Tuđman (83,14%) - indirectly by parliament in 1990
  • Highest vote percentage in a direct election (overall): Stjepan Mesić (65,93%) - second round in 2000
  • Highest vote percentage in a direct election (first round): Franjo Tuđman (61,4%) - in 1997
  • Lowest vote percentage in an election (overall): Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović (50,74%) - in 2015
  • Lowest vote percentage in an election (first round): Ivo Josipović (32,42%) - in 2009


  • Highest number of votes in an election (overall): 1.519.000 (Franjo Tuđman in 1992)
  • Highest number of votes in second round: 1.454.451 (Stjepan Mesić in 2005)
  • Lowest number of votes in an election (overall): 640.594 (Ivo Josipović in first round in 2009)
  • Lowest number of votes in second round: 1.114.945 (Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović in 2015)

Other facts

  • Only indirectly elected president: Franjo Tuđman (by 281 of 338 votes of Members of Parlimanet in 1990)
  • First female president: Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović
  • President with most Prime Ministers serving during term: Franjo Tuđman (6 Prime Ministers - Stjepan Mesić, Josip Manolić, Franjo Gregurić, Hrvoje Šarinić, Nikica Valentić, Zlatko Mateša)

See also

References

  1. http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/232289.html
  2. Member of the Unitary National Liberation Front, i.e. the National Front
Presidents of Croatia
Preceded by presidents of the Presidency of SR Croatia (1945–1990)
Presidents (since 1991)
Standard of the Croatian President
Standard of the Croatian President
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