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| The People of the Book said that when Isaac was forty years old, he married Rebekah bint Bethuel, during his father's life. They said she was sterile, so Isaac prayed to Allah and then she became pregnant. She gave birth to twin boys. The first one was called Esau whom the Arabs called al-'Eis. He became the father of Rum. The second one was called Jacob, which means Israel (belonging to the people of Israel). | |||
| '''Yakub''' (sometimes spelled '''Yacub''' or '''Yaqub''') is, according to the ] (NOI), a black ] who lived "6,600 years ago" and was responsible for creating the ] to be a "race of ]s". He is said to have done this through a form of selective breeding referred to as "grafting", while living on the island of ]. | |||
| The Nation of Islam theology claims that Yakub is the ] ]. Mainstream Sunni and Shia Muslims do not have this belief, or anything similar to it. The story has caused disputes within the NOI during its history. Under its current leader ], the NOI continues to assert that the story of Yakub is true, stating that modern science is consistent with it. | |||
| == The story == | == The story == | ||
| The ''Qur'an'' does not give details of Isaac's life ''peace be upon him'', but reliable Qur'anic commentators mentioned that when Abraham felt that his life was drawing to a close, he wished to see Isaac married. He did not want Isaac to marry one of the Canaanites, who were pagans, so he sent a trustworthy servant to Haran in Iraq to choose a bride for Isaac. The servant's choice fell upon Rebekah bint Bethuel ibn Nahur, who was a brother of Abraham. Isaac married her and she gave birth to a set of twins, Esau (al-'Eis) and Jacob (Ya'qub). | |||
| The story of Yakub was originated in the writings of ], the founder of the Nation of Islam, in his doctrinal Q&A pamphlet ''Lost Found Moslem Lesson No. 2''.<ref name = "mos">Allen, Ernest, "Identity and Destiny: The Formative Views of the Moorish Science Temple and the Nation of Islam" in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad; John L. Esposito, ''Muslims on the Americanization Path?'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p.192 (footnote, p.213).</ref> It was developed by his successor ] in several writings, most fully in a chapter entitled "The Making of Devil" in his book '']''.<ref name = "deu">Deutsch, Nathaniel, "The Proximate Other The Nation of Islam and Judaism", in ''Black Zion: African American Religious Encounters with Judaism'', Oxford University Press, 2000, pp.104-108</ref> | |||
| Ill feelings developed between the two brothers when they grew into manhood. Esau disliked the fact that Jacob was favored by his father and by Allah with prophethood. This ill feeling became so serious that Esau threatened to kill his brother. Fearing for his life, Jacob fled the country. | |||
| The People of the Book said that when Isaac was forty years old, he married Rebekah bint Bethuel, during his father's life. They said she was sterile, so Isaac prayed to Allah and then she became pregnant. She gave birth to twin boys. The first one was called Esau whom the Arabs called al-'Eis. He became the father of Rum. The second one was called Jacob, which means Israel (belonging to the people of Israel). | |||
| The People of the Book claimed that when Isaac ''peace be upon him'' grew old and his eye sight had weakened, he had a desire for food, so he asked his son Esau to go hunting and bring him some cooked game. Esau asked him to bless the food and pray for him. Esau, a hunter, went out to get his father the meat. Rebekah, overhearing this, ordered her son Jacob to slaughter two goats of his best flock and cook them as his father liked and bring it to him before his brother returned. She dressed Jacob in his brother's clothes and put goat skin on his arms and neck, for Esau was hairy while Jacob was not. When he approached his father with the food, his father asked, "Who are you?" Jacob answered, "I am your son." When his father finished eating, he prayed for his son to be the more blessed brother and to prevail over them and all people, and for Allah to sustain him and his children. | |||
| When he left his father, his brother Esau, who had carried out his father's command, entered. Isaac asked him, "What is this my son?" He answered, "This is the food you like." Isaac asked, "Did you bring it an hour ago and ask me to pray for you?" Esau said, "No, I swear I did not," and he knew his brother had preceded him in this matter and he was sick at heart. | |||
| The People of the Book said Esau threatened to kill his brother when their father was dead. They also said that he asked his father to pray for him that Allah make the earth good for his offspring and multiply his sustenance and fruits. | |||
| When their mother knew that Esau threatened his brother Jacob, she commanded her son Jacob to go to her brother Laban in the land of Haran and abide with him for a time until his brother's anger had abated, and to marry one of the Laban's daughters. she told her husband Isaac to command him with that advice and pray for him, and he did. | |||
| Jacob ''peace be upon him'' left his family, when night came he found a place to rest. He took a stone and put it under his head and slept. He dreamed of a ladder from heaven to earth. Angels were ascending and descending and the Lord addressed him and said to him, "I will bless you and your offspring and make this land for you and for those who come after you." | |||
| When he awoke he felt joyful from what he had seen in his dream and vowed, for Allah's sake that if he returned to his family safely, he would build here a temple for Allah, ''the Almighty''. He also vowed to give one tenth of his property for the sake of Allah. He poured oil on the stone so as to recognize it and called the place 'Ayle's House' (Bethel), which means 'House of Allah'. It was to be the location of Jerusalem later. | |||
| The People of the Book also said that when Jacob came to his maternal uncle in the land of Haran, his uncle had two daughters. The elder one was called Leah (Lia) and the younger one was Rachel (Rahil). The latter was the better and lovelier of the two. His uncle agreed to marry his daughter to him on the condition that Jacob pasture his sheep for seven years. | |||
| After a period of time, his uncle prepared a feast and gathered people for the wedding. He married Leah, his elder daughter, to him at night. She was weak-sighted and ugly. When morning came, Jacob discovered she was Leah and he complained to his uncle, "You deceived me; I was engaged to Rachel and you married me to Leah." His uncle said, "It is not our tradition to marry the younger daughter before the elder daughter. However, if you love her sister, work another seven years and I will marry you to both of them." | |||
| Jacob worked for seven years and then married Rachel. It was acceptable in their time, as described in the Torah, for a man to marry two sisters. Laban gave a female slave to each daughter. Leah's slave was called Zilpah and Rachel's slave was called Bilhah. | |||
| ''Almighty'' Allah compensated Leah's weakness by giving her sons. The first one was named Rueben (Rubel), after whom there were Simon (Shamun), Levi (Lawi), and Judah (Yahudh). Rachel felt jealous of Leah's having sons, as she was barren. She gave her slave Bilhah to her husband and he had relations with her until she became pregnant. She gave birth to a son and named him Naphtali. Leah was vexed that Rachel's slave had give birth to a son, so she in turn gave her slave Zilpah to Jacob ''peace be upon him'', Zilpah gave birth to two sons, Gad and Asher. Then Leah got pregnant and gave birth to her fifth son, Issaacher, and later she gave birth to a sixth son Zebulun. After this Leah gave birth to a daughter named Dinah. Thus, Leah had seven sons from Jacob. | |||
| Then Rachel prayed to Allah to give her a son from Jacob. Allah heard her call and responded to her prayer. She gave birth to a son, great, honorable, and beautiful. She named him Joseph (Yusuf). | |||
| All of this happened when they were in the land of Haran and Jacob peace be upon him was pasturing his uncle's sheep, which he did for a period of twenty years. | |||
| Jacob then asked his uncle Laban to let him go and visit his family. His uncle said to him, "I have been blessed because of you - ask for whatever money you need." Jacob said, "Give me each spotted and speckled goat born this year and each black lamb." | |||
| But at Laban's command his sons removed their father's goat that were striped, spotted or speckled, and the black lambs, lest others should be born with those traits. They walked for three days with their father's goats and sheep while Jacob tended the remaining flock. | |||
| The People of the Book said that Jacob ''peace be upon him'' took fresh rods of poplar, almond, and plane. He peeled streaks in them and cast them into the water through for the goats to look at. The young inside their abdomens were terrified and moved and they were born striped, spotted or speckled. When the sheep were breeding, he set their faces towards the black sheep in Laban's flock and put the rods among them. Their lambs were born black. This was considered an example of supernatural powers, a miracle. Jacob had many goats, sheep, beast and slaves. His uncle and his sons faces changed as if they the sheep and goats) had been stolen from them. | |||
| Allah ''the Almighty'' inspired Jacob to return to the country of his father and people, and He promised to stand by him. Jacob told his family that, and they responded and obeyed him. Jacob did not tell Laban of his plans, however, and left without bidding farewell. | |||
| Upon leaving, Rachel stole her father's idols. After Jacob and his people had fled for his country, Laban and his people followed them. When Laban met with Jacob, he blamed him for leaving him without his knowledge. He would have liked to know so that he could have made them leave with celebration and joy, with drums and songs, and so that he could have bidden his daughters and sons farewell. And why have they taken his idols with them? | |||
| Jacob had no knowledge of his idols, so he denied that had taken them from him. Then Laban entered the tents of his daughters and slaves to search, but he found nothing, for Rachel had put the idols in the camel saddle under her. She did not get up, apologizing that she had her menses. Thus, he could not perceive what they had done. | |||
| Then they sat on a hill called Galeed and made a covenant there. Jacob would not ill treat Laban's daughters nor marry others. Neither Laban nor Jacob would pass the hill into the other's country. They cooked food and their people ate with them. Each bade the other farewell as they departed, each returning to his own country. | |||
| When Jacob approached the land of Seir, the angels greeted him. He sent a messenger ahead with greetings to his brother Esau, asking forgiveness and humbling himself before him. The messenger returned greetings and told Jacob that Esau was riding towards him with four hundred men. This made Jacob afraid and he entreated and prayed to Allah ''Almighty''. He prostrated in humiliation and asked Him to fulfill His promise which He had made before. He asked Him to stop the evil of his brother Esau. Then Jacob ''peace be upon him'' prepared a great present for his brother: two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams, and thirty milch camels, forty cows and two bulls, twenty female donkeys and ten male donkeys. | |||
| He commanded his slaves to take the animals, each drove by itself, and pass on ahead of him with a space between the droves. He instructed them, "When you meet my brother Esau he will ask you, 'To whom do you belong? Where are you going?' You shall say, 'They belong to your servant Jacob; they are a present to my master Esau. Moreover, he is behind us." | |||
| Jacob stayed behind with his two wives, his slaves and his children for two nights, then continued walking by night and resting by day. | |||
| When the dawn of the second day came one of the angels appeared in the shape of a man. Jacob began to wrestle with him. They were neck and neck until the angel injured his thigh and Jacob became lame. When the day was breaking, the angel said to him, 'What is your name?' He answered, 'Jacob.' The angel said, "After today you shall not be called anything but Israel." Jacob asked, "Who are you? What is your name?" He vanished. Then Jacob knew that he was one of the angels. Jacob was lame, and for this reason the children of Israel do not eat the thigh muscle on the hip socket. | |||
| Jacob raised his eyes and saw his brother Esau coming. Jacob prostrated seven times before him for it was their salutation in that time. It was lawful for them just as the angels had prostration in salutation to Adam. | |||
| When Esau saw him, he ran towards him, embraced and kissed him and wept. When Esau raised his eyes and saw the women and children he asked, "Who are these with you?" Jacob answered, "Those whom Allah has give me, your servant." Leah, Rachel, their slaves, and all the children approached and prostrated before him. Jacob asked Esau to accept his gift and insisted until he did so. | |||
| Esau returned and went in advance before him. Jacob and his family followed with the flocks and herds and slaves to the mountains (Seir). | |||
| When he came to Succoth (Sahur), he built a house for himself and shades for his beasts. Then he passed by Jerusalem, the village of Shechem, and camped before the village. He bought a farm from Shcehm Ibn Hamor with one hundred goats and built an altar, which he called Ayl, as Allah commanded him. He built the altar where Jerusalem stands today and later Solomon son of David ''peace be upon him'' rebuilt it. It is in the place of the stone which he had earlier anointed with oil as was mentioned before. | |||
| The people of the book tell a story of Dinah, daughter of Jacob and Leah. Shechem ibn Hamor seized her and lay with her by force. Then he asked her father and brothers to let him marry her. Her brothers said, "Circumcise all of you, and we will give our daughters to you, and we will take your daughters for ourselves; but we do not marry with uncircumcised people." They (the men of the city) agreed to that, and all of them were circumcised. When the third day came, the pain from the circumcision had increased, Jacob's sons approached and killed them till the last one. They killed Shchem and his father for the evil they had committed against them and for their worship of idols. That is why Jacob's sons killed them and seized their money as spoils. | |||
| Then Rachel got pregnant and gave birth to a son, Benjamin, but she had a hard labor and died after delivery. Jacob buried her in Ephrath (afrath). The tomb of Rachel is there till the present day. Jacob's sons were twelve men. From Leah there were Rueben (Robil), Simon (Shamun), Levi (Lawi), Judah (Yahudh), Issachar (Isakher), and Zebulun (Zablun). From Rachel there were Joseph (Yusuf) ''peace be upon him'' and Benjamin. From Rachel's slave there were Dan and Naphtali (Neftali), and from Leah's slave there were Gad and Asher. | |||
| Yakub is said to have been born in ] at a time when 30% of original black people were "dissatisfied".<ref name ="lisa"/> He was a member of the Meccan branch of the ]. Yakub acquired the nickname "big head", because of his unusually large head and his arrogance. At the age of six, he discovered the law of attraction and repulsion by playing with ]s made of ].<ref name = "mike">Michael Angelo Gomez, ''Black Crescent: The Experience and Legacy of African Muslims in the Americas'', Cambridge University Press, 2005, p.311</ref> This insight led to a plan to create new people. He "saw an unlike human being, made to attract others, who could, with the knowledge of tricks and lies, rule the original black man."<ref name = "mike"/> By the age of 18, he had exhausted all knowledge in the universities of Mecca. He then discovered that the "original black man" contained both a "black germ" and a "brown germ". With 59,999 followers, he went to an "isle in the Aegean Sea called Pelan", which Muhammad identifies with ]. Once there, he established a ]ic regime and set about breeding out the black traits, killed all darker babies, and created a brown race after 200 years. Yakub died at the age of 152, but his followers carried on his work. After 600 years of this deliberate eugenics, the white race was created.<ref>Elijah Muhammad, ''Message to the Blackman in America'' (summarized ) and ''Yakub: The Father of Mankind''. See also, Dorothy Blake Fardan, ''Yakub and the Origins of White Supremacy'', Lushena Books, 2001</ref> The brutal conditions of their creation determined the evil nature of the new race: "by lying to the black mother of the baby, this lie was born into the very nature of the white baby; and, murder for the black people was also born in them — or made by nature a liar and murderer".<ref name = "deu"/> | |||
| Jacob came to his father Isaac and settled with him in the village of Hebron which lies in the land of Canaan where Abraham had lived. Then Isaac fell ill and died when he was one hundred eighty years old. his sons Esau and Jacob buried him with his father Abraham ''al-Khalil'' in a cave which he had bought. It was said that Abraham died at the age of one hundred seventy five. | |||
| The new race traveled to Mecca where they caused so much trouble they were exiled to "West Asia (Europe), and stripped of everything but the language....Once there, they were roped in, to keep them out of Paradise....The soldiers patrolled the border armed with swords, to prevent the devils from crossing."<ref name = "deu"/> For many centuries they lived a barbaric life, surviving naked in caves and eating raw meat, but eventually they were drawn out of the caves by ] who "taught them to wear clothes". Moses tried to civilize them, but eventually gave up and blew up 300 of the most troublesome of them with ].<ref>Elijah Muhammad, ''Message to the Blackman in America'', Elijah Muhammad Books, 1973, p.120.</ref> However, they had learned to use "tricknology" to usurp power and enslave the black population, bringing the first slaves to America on. | |||
| Allah ''the Almighty'' declared in the Glorious ''Qur'an'': | |||
| According to '']'', all the races other than the black race were by-products of Yakub's work, as the "red, yellow and brown" races were created during the "bleaching" process;<ref name ="lisa">Nelson, Alondra, "A Black Mass as Black Gothic: Myth and Biosacience in Black Cultural Nationalism" in Lisa Gail Collins, Margo Crawford, ''New Thoughts on the Black Arts Movement'', Rutgers University Press, 2006, p.140-141.</ref> however, the "black race" included Asian peoples, considered to be shared ancestors of the ]. "Whites" were defined as ]ans. Elijah Muhammad also asserted that some of the new white race "tried to graft themselves back into the black nation, but they had nothing to go by." As a result, they became gorillas. "A few were lucky enough to make a start, and got as far as what you call the gorilla. In fact, all of the monkey family are from this 2,000 year history of the white race in Europe."<ref name = "deu"/> | |||
| ==Yaqub and Jacob== | |||
| According to NOI doctrine, Yakub's progeny were destined to rule for 6,000 years before the original black peoples of the world regained dominance, a process that had begun in 1914.<ref></ref><ref></ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.muhammadspeaks.com/Makingofdevil.html|last=Messenger Elijah Muhammad|title=The Making of Devil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223190459/http://www.muhammadspeaks.com/Makingofdevil.html|archivedate=23 February 2012|deadurl=y}}</ref> | |||
| '''Yaqub''' (Arabic: يَعْقُوب, translit.: Yaʿqūb ), also known as Jacob, is a prophet in Islam who is mentioned in the Qur'an. He is acknowledged as a patriarch of Islam. Muslims believe that he preached the same monotheistic faith as did his forefathers: Ibrahim, '''Ishaq''' and Ismail. | |||
| == |
==Allah said in Quran== | ||
| ] claimed to demonstrate the existence of a big-headed "Negro race" in America]]'''Allah ''the Almighty'' declared in the Glorious ''Qur'an'':''' | |||
| The name ] is the ] variant of the name of the ] known as ] in ] versions of the ], and as ''{{lang|he-Latn|Ya`aqob}}'' in ]. ]'s Yakub has some parallels to the Biblical Jacob's role as the father of the ]. The idea that Jews were an "artificial race" created by interbreeding and dependent on "tricks and lies" already existed in ] theories of the time.<ref>Linda L. Clark, ''Social Darwinism in France'', University of Alabama Press, 1984, p.150</ref> The story of Yakub includes Jews as part of a wider artificially created "white" race.<ref>Colin Kidd, ''The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600-2000'', Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 268.</ref> | |||
| "And who turns away from the religion of Abraham (Islamic Monotheism) except him who befools himself? Truly, We chose him in this world and verily, in the Hereafter he will be among the righteous. | |||
| In speeches by Malcolm X, Yakub is identified completely with Jacob. Referring to the story of ], Malcolm X states that Elijah Muhammad told him that "Jacob was Yacub, and the angel that Jacob wrestled with wasn't God, it was the government of the day". This was because Yakub was seeking funds for his expedition to Patmos, "so when it says Jacob wrestled with an angel, 'angel' is only used as a symbol to hide the one he was really wrestling with". However, Malcolm X also states that ] was also Yakub, and that the ] refers to his deeds: "John was Yacub. John was out there getting ready to make a new race, he said, for the word of the Lord".<ref>Malcolm X, Benjamin Karim, ''The End of White World Supremacy: Four Speeches by Malcolm X'', Arcade Publishing, 1989, PP. 53-4</ref> | |||
| "When his Lord said to him, 'Submit (be a Muslim)!' He said, 'I have submitted myself (as a Muslim) to the Lord of the ''<nowiki/>'alamin'' (mankind, ''jinn''and all that exists).' | |||
| ==Sources== | |||
| ] claimed to demonstrate the existence of a big-headed "Negro race" in America]] | |||
| Ernest Allen argues that "the Yakub myth may have been created out of whole cloth by Prophet Fard", but could conceivably have been influenced by a real historical event during the struggle between Muslims and Christians for control of Spain. Muslim leader ] defeated the Franks at the ] (1195). After the battle 40,000 European prisoners of war were taken to Morocco to labor on Yaqub's building projects. They were then set free and "allowed to form a valley settlement located somewhere between Fez and Marrakesh. On his deathbed Ya'qub lamented his decision to allow these Shibanis (as they came to be called) to form an enclave on Moroccan soil, thereby posing a potential threat to the stability of the Moorish empire.".<ref name = "mos"/> | |||
| "And this (submission to Allah, Islam) was enjoined by Abraham upon his sons and by Jacob, (saying), 'O my sons! Allah has chosen for you the true religion, then die not except in the Faith of Islam (as Muslims - Islamic Monotheism).' | |||
| Yusuf Nuruddin says that a more direct source was the doctrine of the "Yacobites" propounded by ]'s ], to which Fard had probably belonged before he founded the NOI. According to Drew, early pre-Columbian civilizations were founded by a West African Moor "named Yakub who landed on the Yucatan peninsula".<ref name = "nurr">Nuruddin, Yusuf, "African-American Muslims and the Question of Identity Between Traditional Islam, African Heritage, and the American Way", in Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad; John L. Esposito, ''Muslims on the Americanization Path?'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p.192.</ref> This derived from the then-current notion that the gigantic heads created by the ancient ] peoples of the Yucatán area had "negroid" features (see ]), which had led ] to argue that they were migrants from West Africa.<ref>Ortíz de Montellano, Bernard & Gabriel Haslip Viera & Warren Barbour, "They Were NOT Here before Columbus: Afrocentric Hyperdiffusionism in the 1990s". ''Ethnohistory'', Duke University Press, issued by the American Society for Ethnohistory, 44 (2): pp.199–234</ref> | |||
| "Or were you witnesses when death approached Jacob? When he said unto his sons, 'What will you worship after me?' They said, 'We shall worship you (''ilah'' (God - Allah), the ''ilah'' (God) of your fathers, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, One ''ilah'' (God), and to Him we submit (in Islam).' | |||
| <blockquote>They said that the huge stone heads attested to the fact that the Yakubites evolved into a race of scientific geniuses with large heads (as depicted in the sculptures) and small bodies. This legend of Yakub — a bigheaded scientist — finds its way into the mythology of the Nation of Islam, indicating that the founders of the NOI, W. D. Farrad and Elijah Muhammad, were influenced by the Moorish Science Temple, and were possibly even members.<ref name = "nurr"/></blockquote> | |||
| "That was a nation who had passed away. They shall receive the reward of what they earned and you of what you earn. And you will not be asked of what they used to do. | |||
| ] in his book ''The American Religion'' argues that Yakub combines elements of the biblical God and the Gnostic concept of the ], saying that "Yakub has an irksome memorability as a crude but pungent Gnostic Demiurge".<ref>Bloom, Harold, ''The American Religion The Emergence of the Post Christian Nation'', New York, Simon Schuster, 1992, p.252.</ref> Nathaniel Deutsch also notes that Fard and Muhammad draw on the concept of the Demiurge, along with traditions of esotericism in Biblical interpretation, absorbing aspects of Biblical tales to the new narrative, such as the swords of the Muslim warriors keeping the "white devils" from Paradise, like the flaming sword of the angel protecting the ] in Genesis.<ref name = "deu"/> Edward Curtis calls the story "a black theodicy: a story grounded in a mythological view of history that explained the fall of black civilization, the Middle Passage from Africa to the Americas, and the practice of Christian religion among slaves and their descendants."<ref name = "ed">Edward E. Curtis IV, "Black Muslim Religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960-1975", University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 2006, p.11.</ref> | |||
| "They say, 'Be Jews or Christians, and then you will be guided.' Say (to them O Muhammad), 'Nay (we follow) only the religion of Abraham,''hanifan'' (Islamic monotheism, i.e. to worship none but Allah Alone, and he was not of the ''al-mushrikin'' (those who worshipped others along with Allah).' | |||
| Several commentators state that the story, by associating blacks with ancient high civilizations and whites with cave-dwelling barbarians and gorillas, both uses and spectacularly reverses the populist and scientific racism of the era which identified Africans as primitive, or closer to apes than whites. This drew on earlier criticisms of white supremacist ], creating a mythic version of "attacks on AngloSaxon lineage and behavior that had been voiced by more mainstream black thinkers during the nineteenth century....With these references the Muslims replicated the images of European savagery in the Middle Ages that were so pervasive in nineteenth-century black racial thought."<ref>Bay, Mia, ''The White Image in the Black Mind: African-American Ideas about White People, 1830-1925'', Oxford University Press, 2000, p.213.</ref> Deutsch says that "Muhammad anchored his radical doctrine within the context of an established scriptural tradition" of Biblical exegesis, which "was therefore a sophisticated form of resistance to white racism".<ref name = "deu"/> In addition, "the long-standing Western tradition of identifying blackness and darkness with evil is thus dramatically reversed".<ref>Lawrence H. Mamiya, "Minister Louis Farrakhan and the Final Call: Schism in the Muslim Movement", Earle H. Waugh (ed) ''The Muslim Community in North America'', University of Alberta Press,: Edmonton, 1983, p.234.</ref> | |||
| "Say (O Muslims), "We believe in Allah and that which has been sent down to us and that which had been sent down to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and to ''al-asbat'' (the twelve sons of Jacob), and that which has been given to Moses and Jesus and that which has been given to the Prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we have submitted (in Islam).' | |||
| ==Role in the Nation of Islam== | |||
| The doctrine of Yakub was one of the reasons for splits in the Nation of Islam. Malcolm X in his ''Autobiography'' notes that, in his travels in the ], many Muslims reacted with shock upon hearing about the doctrine of Yakub, which, while present in NOI theology, does not appear in mainstream Islam. {{Page needed|date=September 2010}} He rejected the story in his later statements, asserting that anyone of any race who intentionally deprives others of basic human rights is a "devil".<ref>Dean E. Robinson, ''Black Nationalism in American Politics and Thought'', Cambridge University Press, 2001, p.46.</ref> ], who took over the Nation of Islam after his father Elijah's death rejected it almost immediately, and tried to re-invent the Nation as a mainstream Sunni Islam movement. | |||
| "So if they believe in the like of that which you believe, then they are rightly guided, but if they turn away, then they are only in opposition. So, Allah, will suffice you against them. ''He is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower.'' | |||
| ] reinstated the original Nation of Islam, and has reasserted his belief in the literal truth of the story of Yakub. In a 1996 interview, ], Chairman of Harvard University's Afro-American Studies Department, asked him whether the story was a metaphor or literal. Farrakhan claimed that aspects of the story had been proven accurate by modern genetic science and insisted that "Personally, I believe that Yakub is not a mythical figure — he is a very real scientist. Not a big-head silly thing, as they would like to say."<ref>Gates, Henry Louis, “Farrakhan Speaks”, ''Transition: An International Review'', Summer 1996, pp.140-167; Ostow, Mortimer, "Black Myths and Black Madness: Is Black Antisemitism Different?", in Alan Helmreich; Paul Marcus (ed)''Blacks and Jews on the Couch: Psychoanalytic Reflections on Black-Jewish Conflict'', Praeger Publishers, 1998, p.86</ref> Farrakhan's periodical '']'' continues to publish articles arguing that modern science supports the accuracy of Elijah Muhammad's account of Yakub.<ref>; </ref> | |||
| "(Our ''sibghah'', religion is) the ''sibghah'' (religion) of Allah (Islam) and which ''sibghah'' (religion) can be better than Allah's. We are His worshippers. | |||
| ==In culture== | |||
| "Say (O Muhammad, to the Jews and Christians), 'Dispute you with us about Allah while He is our Lord and your Lord? And we are to be rewarded for our deeds and you for your deeds. We are sincere to Him in worship and obedience (i.e., we worship Him Alone and none else, and we obey His Orders).' Or say you that Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and ''al-asbat'' (the twelve sons of Jacob) were Jews or Christians? Say, 'Do you know better or does Allah know better ... that they all were Muslims? And who is more unjust than he who conceals the testimony (to believe in the Prophet Muhammad, when he comes written in their books) he has from Allah? Allah is not unaware of what you do.' " | |||
| ===Drama=== | |||
| The African-American author and playwright ]'s play '']'' (1965) takes inspiration from the story of Yakub.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/baraka.htm |title=Amiri Baraka |website=Books and Writers ''(kirjasto.sci.fi)'' |first=Petri |last=Liukkonen |publisher=] Public Library |location=Finland |archiveurl=https://greencardamom.github.io/BooksAndWriters/baraka.htm |archivedate=10 February 2015 |dead-url=yes}}</ref> According to critic Melani McAlister, "the character of Yakub, now called Jacoub, is introduced as one of three 'Black Magicians' who together symbolize the black origin of all religions." McAlister argues that, <blockquote>Baraka turns the Nation's myth into a reinterpretation of the Faust story and a simultaneous meditation on the role and function of art. As with Faust, Jacoub's individualism and egotism are his undoing, but his failings also signal the destruction of a community. Baraka's version of the story also draws on the Frankenstein tale; he conflates the six hundred years of Elijah Muhammad's “history” into a single, terrible moment of the creation of a monster.<ref name = "mel">Melani McAlister, "Encounters: Culture, Media, and U.S. Interests in the Middle East, 1945-2000, University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 2001, pp.105-7</ref></blockquote> In Baraka's version the experiment creates a single Frankenstein-like "white" monster who kills Jacoub and the other magician-scientists and bites a woman, transforming her in a vampire-like way into a white-devil mate for himself. From this monstrous couple the white race is descended.<ref name = "mel"/> | |||
| Al-Qur'an 2:130-140 | |||
| ===Rap=== | |||
| According to Charise L. Cheney, the doctrine of Yakub has had a significant influence in rap culture, referring to raps by ] and ]. | |||
| '''In another ''Surah'' Almighty Allah declared:''' | |||
| <blockquote>This pseudoscientific theory of racial formation was embraced by rap nationalists like former Ice Cube protégé Kam in his 1995 song “Keep tha Peace.” A self-proclaimed member of the Nation, Kam presented organizational doctrine as a way to explain the roots of black-on-black crime and gang violence in America's inner cities: “I'm really not knowin' who to blame or fault / for this tension / I mention this gump / Yakub's cavey / the blue-eyed punk / playin' both sides against each other / now that's the real mutha.”... In 1990 Grand Puba of Brand Nubian announced that his calling was to bring enlightenment to black people and an end to white domination. ... "Here comes the god to send the devil right back to his cave.… We're gonna drop the bomb on the Yakub crew.<ref name = "char">Charise L. Cheney, ''Brothers Gonna Work It out: Sexual Politics in the Golden Age of Rap Nationalism'', New York University Press, 2005, pp.81; 135.</ref></blockquote> | |||
| "Then verily! Your Lord for those who do evil (commit sins and are disobedient to Allah) in ignorance and afterward repent and do righteous deeds. ''Verily, your Lord thereafter to such is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.'' | |||
| ] of ] also refers to the story in his song "Party for Your Right to Fight", referring to the Yakub story by attributing the deaths of African American radicals to the “grafted devils” conspiring against the “Black Asiatic Man.”.<ref name = "char"/> | |||
| "Verily, Abraham was an ''<nowiki/>'Ummah'' (a leader having all the good righteous qualities or a nation), obedient to Allah, ''hanifan'' (to worship none but Allah), and he was not one of those who were ''al-mushrikin'' (polytheists, idolaters, disbelivers in the Oneness of Allah and those who joined partners with Allah). He was thankful for His (Allah's) Graces. He (Allah) chose him (as an intimate friend) and guided him to a Straight Path (Islamic Monotheism, neither Judaism or Christianity). We gave him good in this world and in the Hereafter he shall be of the righteous. Then, We have inspired you (O Muhammad saying), 'Follow the religion of Abraham ''hanifan'' (Islamic Monotheism to worship none but Allah) and he was not of the ''mushrikin'' (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, disbeliveers in the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger Muhammad, those who worship others along with Allah or set up rivals with or partners to Allah).' " | |||
| ] of the ] promotes the story of Yakub in the ]'s song "Raw Hide," saying: "A mystery god that's the work of Yacub / The Holy Ghost got you scared to death kid boo!". In the ]'s hit song "]", at the end of it, can be heard a vocal sample from a 1977 movie '']'' which says about Yakub: "''Yakub, maker and creator of the devil. Swine merchant... your time is near at hand. Fuck with me and your time will be now. Your presence here effects the mind of my people like a fever. You, Yakub, are the bearer of nine thousand nine hundred and ninety nine diseases, evil, corrupt, porkchop-eatin' brain!''". | |||
| Al-Qur'an 16:119-123 | |||
| ] raps "You devils will run back into the caves you came from" in his song "Message To The Feds, Sincerely, We're The People" from his album ]. | |||
| ==Source== | |||
| On a freestyle to ]'s song "We Made It", ] says "All these devils, I got to strike some" and ] says "I'm ready to chase the Yakub back into caves". | |||
| http://sunnahonline.com/library/stories-of-the-prophets/296-story-of-prophet-yaqub | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 08:10, 2 October 2016
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The People of the Book said that when Isaac was forty years old, he married Rebekah bint Bethuel, during his father's life. They said she was sterile, so Isaac prayed to Allah and then she became pregnant. She gave birth to twin boys. The first one was called Esau whom the Arabs called al-'Eis. He became the father of Rum. The second one was called Jacob, which means Israel (belonging to the people of Israel).
The story
The Qur'an does not give details of Isaac's life peace be upon him, but reliable Qur'anic commentators mentioned that when Abraham felt that his life was drawing to a close, he wished to see Isaac married. He did not want Isaac to marry one of the Canaanites, who were pagans, so he sent a trustworthy servant to Haran in Iraq to choose a bride for Isaac. The servant's choice fell upon Rebekah bint Bethuel ibn Nahur, who was a brother of Abraham. Isaac married her and she gave birth to a set of twins, Esau (al-'Eis) and Jacob (Ya'qub).
Ill feelings developed between the two brothers when they grew into manhood. Esau disliked the fact that Jacob was favored by his father and by Allah with prophethood. This ill feeling became so serious that Esau threatened to kill his brother. Fearing for his life, Jacob fled the country.
The People of the Book said that when Isaac was forty years old, he married Rebekah bint Bethuel, during his father's life. They said she was sterile, so Isaac prayed to Allah and then she became pregnant. She gave birth to twin boys. The first one was called Esau whom the Arabs called al-'Eis. He became the father of Rum. The second one was called Jacob, which means Israel (belonging to the people of Israel).
The People of the Book claimed that when Isaac peace be upon him grew old and his eye sight had weakened, he had a desire for food, so he asked his son Esau to go hunting and bring him some cooked game. Esau asked him to bless the food and pray for him. Esau, a hunter, went out to get his father the meat. Rebekah, overhearing this, ordered her son Jacob to slaughter two goats of his best flock and cook them as his father liked and bring it to him before his brother returned. She dressed Jacob in his brother's clothes and put goat skin on his arms and neck, for Esau was hairy while Jacob was not. When he approached his father with the food, his father asked, "Who are you?" Jacob answered, "I am your son." When his father finished eating, he prayed for his son to be the more blessed brother and to prevail over them and all people, and for Allah to sustain him and his children.
When he left his father, his brother Esau, who had carried out his father's command, entered. Isaac asked him, "What is this my son?" He answered, "This is the food you like." Isaac asked, "Did you bring it an hour ago and ask me to pray for you?" Esau said, "No, I swear I did not," and he knew his brother had preceded him in this matter and he was sick at heart.
The People of the Book said Esau threatened to kill his brother when their father was dead. They also said that he asked his father to pray for him that Allah make the earth good for his offspring and multiply his sustenance and fruits.
When their mother knew that Esau threatened his brother Jacob, she commanded her son Jacob to go to her brother Laban in the land of Haran and abide with him for a time until his brother's anger had abated, and to marry one of the Laban's daughters. she told her husband Isaac to command him with that advice and pray for him, and he did.
Jacob peace be upon him left his family, when night came he found a place to rest. He took a stone and put it under his head and slept. He dreamed of a ladder from heaven to earth. Angels were ascending and descending and the Lord addressed him and said to him, "I will bless you and your offspring and make this land for you and for those who come after you."
When he awoke he felt joyful from what he had seen in his dream and vowed, for Allah's sake that if he returned to his family safely, he would build here a temple for Allah, the Almighty. He also vowed to give one tenth of his property for the sake of Allah. He poured oil on the stone so as to recognize it and called the place 'Ayle's House' (Bethel), which means 'House of Allah'. It was to be the location of Jerusalem later.
The People of the Book also said that when Jacob came to his maternal uncle in the land of Haran, his uncle had two daughters. The elder one was called Leah (Lia) and the younger one was Rachel (Rahil). The latter was the better and lovelier of the two. His uncle agreed to marry his daughter to him on the condition that Jacob pasture his sheep for seven years.
After a period of time, his uncle prepared a feast and gathered people for the wedding. He married Leah, his elder daughter, to him at night. She was weak-sighted and ugly. When morning came, Jacob discovered she was Leah and he complained to his uncle, "You deceived me; I was engaged to Rachel and you married me to Leah." His uncle said, "It is not our tradition to marry the younger daughter before the elder daughter. However, if you love her sister, work another seven years and I will marry you to both of them."
Jacob worked for seven years and then married Rachel. It was acceptable in their time, as described in the Torah, for a man to marry two sisters. Laban gave a female slave to each daughter. Leah's slave was called Zilpah and Rachel's slave was called Bilhah.
Almighty Allah compensated Leah's weakness by giving her sons. The first one was named Rueben (Rubel), after whom there were Simon (Shamun), Levi (Lawi), and Judah (Yahudh). Rachel felt jealous of Leah's having sons, as she was barren. She gave her slave Bilhah to her husband and he had relations with her until she became pregnant. She gave birth to a son and named him Naphtali. Leah was vexed that Rachel's slave had give birth to a son, so she in turn gave her slave Zilpah to Jacob peace be upon him, Zilpah gave birth to two sons, Gad and Asher. Then Leah got pregnant and gave birth to her fifth son, Issaacher, and later she gave birth to a sixth son Zebulun. After this Leah gave birth to a daughter named Dinah. Thus, Leah had seven sons from Jacob.
Then Rachel prayed to Allah to give her a son from Jacob. Allah heard her call and responded to her prayer. She gave birth to a son, great, honorable, and beautiful. She named him Joseph (Yusuf).
All of this happened when they were in the land of Haran and Jacob peace be upon him was pasturing his uncle's sheep, which he did for a period of twenty years.
Jacob then asked his uncle Laban to let him go and visit his family. His uncle said to him, "I have been blessed because of you - ask for whatever money you need." Jacob said, "Give me each spotted and speckled goat born this year and each black lamb."
But at Laban's command his sons removed their father's goat that were striped, spotted or speckled, and the black lambs, lest others should be born with those traits. They walked for three days with their father's goats and sheep while Jacob tended the remaining flock.
The People of the Book said that Jacob peace be upon him took fresh rods of poplar, almond, and plane. He peeled streaks in them and cast them into the water through for the goats to look at. The young inside their abdomens were terrified and moved and they were born striped, spotted or speckled. When the sheep were breeding, he set their faces towards the black sheep in Laban's flock and put the rods among them. Their lambs were born black. This was considered an example of supernatural powers, a miracle. Jacob had many goats, sheep, beast and slaves. His uncle and his sons faces changed as if they the sheep and goats) had been stolen from them.
Allah the Almighty inspired Jacob to return to the country of his father and people, and He promised to stand by him. Jacob told his family that, and they responded and obeyed him. Jacob did not tell Laban of his plans, however, and left without bidding farewell.
Upon leaving, Rachel stole her father's idols. After Jacob and his people had fled for his country, Laban and his people followed them. When Laban met with Jacob, he blamed him for leaving him without his knowledge. He would have liked to know so that he could have made them leave with celebration and joy, with drums and songs, and so that he could have bidden his daughters and sons farewell. And why have they taken his idols with them?
Jacob had no knowledge of his idols, so he denied that had taken them from him. Then Laban entered the tents of his daughters and slaves to search, but he found nothing, for Rachel had put the idols in the camel saddle under her. She did not get up, apologizing that she had her menses. Thus, he could not perceive what they had done.
Then they sat on a hill called Galeed and made a covenant there. Jacob would not ill treat Laban's daughters nor marry others. Neither Laban nor Jacob would pass the hill into the other's country. They cooked food and their people ate with them. Each bade the other farewell as they departed, each returning to his own country.
When Jacob approached the land of Seir, the angels greeted him. He sent a messenger ahead with greetings to his brother Esau, asking forgiveness and humbling himself before him. The messenger returned greetings and told Jacob that Esau was riding towards him with four hundred men. This made Jacob afraid and he entreated and prayed to Allah Almighty. He prostrated in humiliation and asked Him to fulfill His promise which He had made before. He asked Him to stop the evil of his brother Esau. Then Jacob peace be upon him prepared a great present for his brother: two hundred female goats and twenty male goats, two hundred ewes and twenty rams, and thirty milch camels, forty cows and two bulls, twenty female donkeys and ten male donkeys.
He commanded his slaves to take the animals, each drove by itself, and pass on ahead of him with a space between the droves. He instructed them, "When you meet my brother Esau he will ask you, 'To whom do you belong? Where are you going?' You shall say, 'They belong to your servant Jacob; they are a present to my master Esau. Moreover, he is behind us."
Jacob stayed behind with his two wives, his slaves and his children for two nights, then continued walking by night and resting by day.
When the dawn of the second day came one of the angels appeared in the shape of a man. Jacob began to wrestle with him. They were neck and neck until the angel injured his thigh and Jacob became lame. When the day was breaking, the angel said to him, 'What is your name?' He answered, 'Jacob.' The angel said, "After today you shall not be called anything but Israel." Jacob asked, "Who are you? What is your name?" He vanished. Then Jacob knew that he was one of the angels. Jacob was lame, and for this reason the children of Israel do not eat the thigh muscle on the hip socket.
Jacob raised his eyes and saw his brother Esau coming. Jacob prostrated seven times before him for it was their salutation in that time. It was lawful for them just as the angels had prostration in salutation to Adam.
When Esau saw him, he ran towards him, embraced and kissed him and wept. When Esau raised his eyes and saw the women and children he asked, "Who are these with you?" Jacob answered, "Those whom Allah has give me, your servant." Leah, Rachel, their slaves, and all the children approached and prostrated before him. Jacob asked Esau to accept his gift and insisted until he did so.
Esau returned and went in advance before him. Jacob and his family followed with the flocks and herds and slaves to the mountains (Seir).
When he came to Succoth (Sahur), he built a house for himself and shades for his beasts. Then he passed by Jerusalem, the village of Shechem, and camped before the village. He bought a farm from Shcehm Ibn Hamor with one hundred goats and built an altar, which he called Ayl, as Allah commanded him. He built the altar where Jerusalem stands today and later Solomon son of David peace be upon him rebuilt it. It is in the place of the stone which he had earlier anointed with oil as was mentioned before.
The people of the book tell a story of Dinah, daughter of Jacob and Leah. Shechem ibn Hamor seized her and lay with her by force. Then he asked her father and brothers to let him marry her. Her brothers said, "Circumcise all of you, and we will give our daughters to you, and we will take your daughters for ourselves; but we do not marry with uncircumcised people." They (the men of the city) agreed to that, and all of them were circumcised. When the third day came, the pain from the circumcision had increased, Jacob's sons approached and killed them till the last one. They killed Shchem and his father for the evil they had committed against them and for their worship of idols. That is why Jacob's sons killed them and seized their money as spoils.
Then Rachel got pregnant and gave birth to a son, Benjamin, but she had a hard labor and died after delivery. Jacob buried her in Ephrath (afrath). The tomb of Rachel is there till the present day. Jacob's sons were twelve men. From Leah there were Rueben (Robil), Simon (Shamun), Levi (Lawi), Judah (Yahudh), Issachar (Isakher), and Zebulun (Zablun). From Rachel there were Joseph (Yusuf) peace be upon him and Benjamin. From Rachel's slave there were Dan and Naphtali (Neftali), and from Leah's slave there were Gad and Asher.
Jacob came to his father Isaac and settled with him in the village of Hebron which lies in the land of Canaan where Abraham had lived. Then Isaac fell ill and died when he was one hundred eighty years old. his sons Esau and Jacob buried him with his father Abraham al-Khalil in a cave which he had bought. It was said that Abraham died at the age of one hundred seventy five.
Allah the Almighty declared in the Glorious Qur'an:
Yaqub and Jacob
Yaqub (Arabic: يَعْقُوب, translit.: Yaʿqūb ), also known as Jacob, is a prophet in Islam who is mentioned in the Qur'an. He is acknowledged as a patriarch of Islam. Muslims believe that he preached the same monotheistic faith as did his forefathers: Ibrahim, Ishaq and Ismail.
Allah said in Quran
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Allah the Almighty declared in the Glorious Qur'an:
"And who turns away from the religion of Abraham (Islamic Monotheism) except him who befools himself? Truly, We chose him in this world and verily, in the Hereafter he will be among the righteous.
"When his Lord said to him, 'Submit (be a Muslim)!' He said, 'I have submitted myself (as a Muslim) to the Lord of the 'alamin (mankind, jinnand all that exists).'
"And this (submission to Allah, Islam) was enjoined by Abraham upon his sons and by Jacob, (saying), 'O my sons! Allah has chosen for you the true religion, then die not except in the Faith of Islam (as Muslims - Islamic Monotheism).'
"Or were you witnesses when death approached Jacob? When he said unto his sons, 'What will you worship after me?' They said, 'We shall worship you (ilah (God - Allah), the ilah (God) of your fathers, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, One ilah (God), and to Him we submit (in Islam).'
"That was a nation who had passed away. They shall receive the reward of what they earned and you of what you earn. And you will not be asked of what they used to do.
"They say, 'Be Jews or Christians, and then you will be guided.' Say (to them O Muhammad), 'Nay (we follow) only the religion of Abraham,hanifan (Islamic monotheism, i.e. to worship none but Allah Alone, and he was not of the al-mushrikin (those who worshipped others along with Allah).'
"Say (O Muslims), "We believe in Allah and that which has been sent down to us and that which had been sent down to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob and to al-asbat (the twelve sons of Jacob), and that which has been given to Moses and Jesus and that which has been given to the Prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and to Him we have submitted (in Islam).'
"So if they believe in the like of that which you believe, then they are rightly guided, but if they turn away, then they are only in opposition. So, Allah, will suffice you against them. He is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower.
"(Our sibghah, religion is) the sibghah (religion) of Allah (Islam) and which sibghah (religion) can be better than Allah's. We are His worshippers.
"Say (O Muhammad, to the Jews and Christians), 'Dispute you with us about Allah while He is our Lord and your Lord? And we are to be rewarded for our deeds and you for your deeds. We are sincere to Him in worship and obedience (i.e., we worship Him Alone and none else, and we obey His Orders).' Or say you that Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and al-asbat (the twelve sons of Jacob) were Jews or Christians? Say, 'Do you know better or does Allah know better ... that they all were Muslims? And who is more unjust than he who conceals the testimony (to believe in the Prophet Muhammad, when he comes written in their books) he has from Allah? Allah is not unaware of what you do.' "
Al-Qur'an 2:130-140
In another Surah Almighty Allah declared:
"Then verily! Your Lord for those who do evil (commit sins and are disobedient to Allah) in ignorance and afterward repent and do righteous deeds. Verily, your Lord thereafter to such is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.
"Verily, Abraham was an 'Ummah (a leader having all the good righteous qualities or a nation), obedient to Allah, hanifan (to worship none but Allah), and he was not one of those who were al-mushrikin (polytheists, idolaters, disbelivers in the Oneness of Allah and those who joined partners with Allah). He was thankful for His (Allah's) Graces. He (Allah) chose him (as an intimate friend) and guided him to a Straight Path (Islamic Monotheism, neither Judaism or Christianity). We gave him good in this world and in the Hereafter he shall be of the righteous. Then, We have inspired you (O Muhammad saying), 'Follow the religion of Abraham hanifan (Islamic Monotheism to worship none but Allah) and he was not of the mushrikin (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, disbeliveers in the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger Muhammad, those who worship others along with Allah or set up rivals with or partners to Allah).' "
Al-Qur'an 16:119-123
Source
http://sunnahonline.com/library/stories-of-the-prophets/296-story-of-prophet-yaqub
References
- Kambiz GhaneaBassiri, Competing visions of Islam in the United States: a study of Los Angeles, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997, ISBN 978-0-313-29951-3, pp. 146ff.