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| {{Systemic bias|1=European slant|bias=Western cultural values|date=September 2015}} | {{Systemic bias|1=European slant|bias=Western cultural values|date=September 2015}} | ||
| '''Desi''' {{IPA-hns|d̪eːsi|}} |
'''Desi''' {{IPA-hns|d̪eːsi|}} is a loose term for the people, cultures, and products of the ] or ] and their ], derived from the Ancient ] ''देश (deśá or deshi)'', meaning ''Land'' or ''Country''.<ref name="Shirley2010">{{cite book | author1=Shirley R. Steinberg | author2=Michael Kehler | author3=Lindsay Cornish | title=Boy culture: an encyclopedia | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnSBRxsjn_4C&pg=PA87 | accessdate=2012-03-13 | date=17 June 2010 | publisher=ABC-CLIO | isbn=978-0-313-35080-1 | pages=87–}}</ref> As "Desi" is a loose term, countries that are considered "Desi" are subjective, however it is often accepted that ], ] and ] are Desi countries.<ref>http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/desi</ref><ref>http://theaerogram.com/is-it-time-to-kill-off-the-word-desi/</ref> ], the ], ], and ] may also be considered "Desi" countries in some usages of the term.<ref>https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SmAiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT237&lpg=PT237&dq=Desi+people+Bhutan,+Nepal&source=bl&ots=yhIiQFZhs2&sig=4Huyfi21SgYJBmRwkBe2SD8cn8g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjT8PS5jezJAhXGLqYKHZyYCbgQ6AEIPDAG#v=onepage&q=Desi%20people%20Bhutan%2C%20Nepal&f=false</ref><ref>https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HiWiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32&lpg=PT32&dq=desi+maldives&source=bl&ots=2m0YtlAf5U&sig=-UI-0_BB8eh3eBa4Wa4FzYgjoLM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia3PiUjuzJAhXBL6YKHUyYB8I4ChDoAQgoMAM#v=onepage&q=desi%20maldives&f=false</ref> | ||
| Aside from the ], there are also large Desi populations in ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ] (] and the ] in particular), ], ], ], the ], ], and the ], among other regions. | |||
| ==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
Revision as of 13:13, 9 October 2016
For other uses, see Desi (disambiguation).Template:Systemic bias Desi [d̪eːsi] is a loose term for the people, cultures, and products of the Indian subcontinent or South Asia and their diaspora, derived from the Ancient Sanskrit देश (deśá or deshi), meaning Land or Country. As "Desi" is a loose term, countries that are considered "Desi" are subjective, however it is often accepted that Bangladesh, India and Pakistan are Desi countries. Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka may also be considered "Desi" countries in some usages of the term.
Etymology
Template:Lang-as, Template:Lang-bn, Template:Lang-gu, Template:Lang-hi, Template:Lang-kn, Template:Lang-ml, Template:Lang-mr, Template:Lang-si, Template:Lang-or, Template:Lang-pa, Template:Lang-ta, Template:Lang-te-desiyudu not as commonly used as Bharatyeeudu, Template:Lang-ur, Template:Lang-ms, Template:Lang-sd
The ethnonym belongs in the endonymic category (i.e. it is a self-appellation). Desi is an Indo-Aryan term that originates from the Sanskrit word (Template:Lang-sa) deśh- ("region, province, country"). Indo-Aryan Sanskrit is the root of more than 25 Indo-Aryan languages and the first known usage of the Sanskrit root is found in the Natya Shastra (~200 BCE), where it defines the regional varieties of folk performing arts, as opposed to the classical, pan-Indian margi. Thus, (Template:Lang-sa) swadeś refers to one's own country or homeland, while (Template:Lang-sa) paradeś refers to another's country or a foreign land.
History
The word 'desi' evolved from the Sanskrit term 'desh', meaning country. With time its usage shifted more towards referring to people, cultures, and products of a specific region; for example, desi food, desi calendars, and desi dress.
Desi contrasts with the Hindustani language word vilāyati, which originally referred only to Britain (during the British rule 'vilāyat', an Arabic origin word meaning 'state', signified Britain) but may also refer more generally to anything that is European or Western. People from the subcontinent living in 'vilāyat' (Britain) or in other Western countries refer to themselves and their ethnic culture as 'desi'. The desi/vilāyati pair of antonyms is widely used in subcontinent languages (Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, etc.).
After the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, the United States dramatically increased immigration from the Subcontinent. As increasing number of students from the subcontinent arrived in the U.S. and UK, their countries of origin were colloquially referred to as deś. For example, all things Indian including Indian expatriates were referred to as "desi".
Some second or third generation immigrants do not think of themselves as belonging to a particular nation, sub-culture, or caste, but as just plain South Asians or desis, especially as intermarriage between different South Asian diaspora communities increases.
Culture
In the U.S., as in other countries, some diaspora desis are creating a "fusion" culture, in which foods, fashions, music, and the like from many areas of South Asia are "fused" both with each other and with elements from Western culture. For example, urban desi is a genre of music formed by the fusion of traditional Indian and Western urban music. The growing demand of popular programming for South Asians caused MTV to launch the Desi-targeted television channel MTV Desi.
In the UK, desi communities have continued the fusion culture which first emerged during the rule of the British Raj, influencing music, art, fashion and food. There are now dedicated radio stations catering for British-South Asians such as the BBC Asian Network.
Performing arts
The Natya Shastra refers to the regional varieties of folk dance and music elements as "Desi", and states that these are meant as pure entertainment for common people, while the pan-Indian "margi" elements are to spiritually enlighten the audience. The medieval developments of the classical Indian dance and music led to the introduction of Desi gharanas, in addition to the classical gharanas codified in Natya Shastra. The Desi gharanas further developed into the present-day adavus. There is raga in Indian classical music known as Desi.
Food and drink
Main articles: Desi daru and Desi cuisineIn India and parts of Pakistan, "desi" in the context of food, implies "native" or "traditional". Common examples are "desi ghee", which is the traditional clarified butter used in India, as opposed to more processed fats such as vegetable oils. "Desi chicken" may mean a native breed of chicken. This word is also usually restricted to Sanskrit derived languages.
Heritage varieties of vegetables and other produce can also be qualified as "desi". "Desi diet" refers to a diet and food choices followed by Indians around the world. "Desi daru" refers to "country liquor", such as fenny, toddy and arrack. It is differentiated from Indian Made Foreign Liquor such as Indian made whisky, rum, vodka, etc.
In the U.S., "Desi food" (Desi cuisine) most often refers to dishes commonly served in North Indian communities, especially westernized restaurant dishes such as chicken tikka masala.
Criticism of the term and its usage
 | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2015) |
The term "Desi" and its usage to label peoples from the entire subcontinent has been strongly criticized as inaccurate and stereotypical given the vast geography as well as the ethnic, cultural, linguistic and racial diversity of the region.
References
- Shirley R. Steinberg; Michael Kehler; Lindsay Cornish (17 June 2010). Boy culture: an encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 87–. ISBN 978-0-313-35080-1. Retrieved 2012-03-13.
- http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/desi
- http://theaerogram.com/is-it-time-to-kill-off-the-word-desi/
- https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SmAiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT237&lpg=PT237&dq=Desi+people+Bhutan,+Nepal&source=bl&ots=yhIiQFZhs2&sig=4Huyfi21SgYJBmRwkBe2SD8cn8g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjT8PS5jezJAhXGLqYKHZyYCbgQ6AEIPDAG#v=onepage&q=Desi%20people%20Bhutan%2C%20Nepal&f=false
- https://books.google.com.au/books?id=HiWiAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT32&lpg=PT32&dq=desi+maldives&source=bl&ots=2m0YtlAf5U&sig=-UI-0_BB8eh3eBa4Wa4FzYgjoLM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia3PiUjuzJAhXBL6YKHUyYB8I4ChDoAQgoMAM#v=onepage&q=desi%20maldives&f=false
- Mughal, Muhammad Aurang Zeb. (2014). Calendars Tell History: Social Rhythm and Social Change in Rural Pakistan. History and Anthropology 25(5): 592-613.
- "desi vilayati -cheekan - Google Search". google.com. Retrieved 2014-12-07.
- Kvetko, Peter. When the East is in the House: The Emergence of Dance Club Culture among Indian-American Youth. September 4, 2006.
- Urban Desi: A Genre On The Rise
- Chandra, Sanjeev; Smita Chandra (February 7, 2008). "The story of desi cuisine: Timeless desi dishes". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2008-05-13.
- Making Diaspora in a Global City: South Asian Youth Cultures in London by Helen Kim