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==WTC collapse hypothesis== ==WTC collapse hypothesis==
At a seminar held on September 22, 2005, Jones presented the substance of the paper that would become "Why Indeed did the WTC Buildings Collapse?"<ref>Jones, Steven E. "Why Indeed Did the WTC Buildings Collapse?" in Griffin, David Ray and Peter Dale Scott, eds. ''9/11 and American Empire: Intellectuals Speak Out''. Olive Branch Press, 2006. A version of the paper has also been published online in the ''Journal of 9/11 Studies'', vol 3.</ref> to his department. His hypothesis is that on September 11, 2001 the ] towers and ] collapsed as a result of controlled demolition, not the impact of the airplanes that hit them or the fires that followed. The paper does not claim to prove this hypothesis, but calls for further scientific investigation to test it along with the release of all relevant data by the government. It would eventually be published in a book of essays critical of the official version of the ], edited by David Ray Griffin and Peter Dale Scott.<ref>Griffin, David Ray and Peter Dale Scott, eds. ''9/11 and American Empire: Intellectuals Speak Out''. Olive Branch Press, 2006.</ref> Shortly after the seminar Jones made the paper available on the website of the physics department of Brigham Young University.
Jones has written a paper regarding the ], entitled ''"Why Indeed did the WTC Buildings Collapse?"''.<ref>{{cite web |last = Jones |first = Steven E. | year = | url = http://www.physics.byu.edu/research/energy/htm7.html |title = Why Indeed Did the WTC Buildings Collapse? | work = |publisher = | accessdate = 2006-07-27}} Also published in ''9/11 and American Empire: Intellectuals Speak Out'' (Olive Branch Press, 2006), edited by David Ray Griffin and Peter Dale Scott.</ref> In this paper, he outlines the basis of a hypothesis that the ] was brought down, not by impact damage and fires, but by controlled demolition using pre-positioned cutter-charges and ]-based ] and demolition.<ref>{{cite web |last = |first = | year = | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/02/nyregion/02conspiracy.html?_r=1&ex=1157342400&en=fe751c70a0d04ae0&ei=5087%0A&oref=slogin |title = 2 U.S. Reports Seek to Counter Conspiracy Theories About 9/11 | work = |publisher = ] | accessdate = 2006-09-06}}</ref> On ], ] an article in The Chronicle of Higher Education, stated that, "Mr. Jones's paper has been peer-reviewed by two physicists and two other scholars for publication in a book called ''9/11 and American Empire: Intellectuals Speak Out''".<ref name="Chronicle">{{cite web |last = Gravois |first = John | year = June 23, 2006 | url = http://chronicle.com/free/v52/i42/42a01001.htm |title = Professors of Paranoia? Academics give a scholarly stamp to 9/11 conspiracy theories| work = |publisher = The Chronicle of Higher Education | accessdate = 2006-07-27}}</ref> After presenting "thirteen reasons to challenge government-sponsored reports and investigate the controlled-demolition hypothesis", he argues that his hypothesis is better able to explain the observed facts of the collapses than the government's investigation. He stops short of claiming that the WTC was brought down by demolition, but calls for further analysis of this possibility. He also calls for the release of all the data that was used in the government investigation.


Jones has been interviewed by mainstream news sources and has made a number of public appearances, culminating with the ], which was organized by Alex Jones with the endorsement of Charlie Sheen and held in Los Angeles on June 24-25, 2006.<ref></ref> While Jones has urged caution in drawing conclusions,<ref name=AnsQJones>{{cite web |last = Jones |first = Steven E.| year = July 18, 2006 | url = http://www.journalof911studies.com/JonesAnswersQuestionsWorldTradeCenter.pdf | format= pdf |title = Answers to Objections and Questions | work = |publisher = | accessdate = 2006-08-05}}</ref> his public comments have suggested a considerable degree of certainty about both the controlled demolition of the World Trade Center and the culpability of agents working within the U.S. government.<ref>{{cite news | last = | first = | title = Fury as academics claim 9/11 was 'inside job' | publisher = London Daily Mail | date = ]| url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=403757&in_page_id=1770| accessdate = 2006-09-06 }}</ref> His name is often mentioned in reporting about ].<ref>{{cite web |last = |first = | year = | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/02/nyregion/02conspiracy.html?_r=1&ex=1157342400&en=fe751c70a0d04ae0&ei=5087%0A&oref=slogin |title = 2 U.S. Reports Seek to Counter Conspiracy Theories About 9/11 | work = |publisher = ] | accessdate = 2006-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = | first = | title = Who really blew up the twin towers? | publisher = The Guardian|Education Guardian | date = September 5]], ]| url = http://education.guardian.co.uk/egweekly/story/0,,1864524,00.html| accessdate = ], ] }}</ref>
Jones has also compiled a presentation, ''"Answers to Objections and Questions,"'' in which he seeks to answer objections and detail certain aspects of his views. With regard to his findings, Jones says they are ''"compelling to many, but one needs to be cautious until results are checked and published in a peer-reviewed journal."'' He also says ''"It is important scientifically to have an independent analyses performed, to verify the presence of thermite signature chemical elements. And to publish results in a peer reviewed journal. Realistically, both groups will probably need to submit simultaneously to be published in a major journal like ]."''<ref name=AnsQJones>{{cite web |last = Jones |first = Steven E.| year = July 18, 2006 | url = http://www.journalof911studies.com/JonesAnswersQuestionsWorldTradeCenter.pdf | format= pdf |title = Answers to Objections and Questions | work = |publisher = | accessdate = 2006-08-05}}</ref>


The paper has been the center of controversy both for its content and its claims to scientific rigour. Engineers who have studied the collapses have dismissed the controlled demolition hypothesis with reference to the broad consensus that has formed in the engineering community about the official explanation.
Jones was also a speaker at the "]."<ref></ref>
<ref name="Chronicle">{{cite web |last = Gravois |first = John | year = June 23, 2006 | url = http://chronicle.com/free/v52/i42/42a01001.htm |title = Professors of Paranoia? Academics give a scholarly stamp to 9/11 conspiracy theories| work = |publisher = The Chronicle of Higher Education | accessdate = 2006-07-27}}</ref><ref>Bazant, Zdenek P. and Mathieu Verdure. "Mechanics of Progressive Collapse: Learning from World Trade Center and Building Demolitions" in ''Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE'', in press. PDF</ref> Jones's early critics included members of BYU's engineering faculty<ref>{{cite web |last = |first = | year = April 9, 2006 | url = http://www.netxnews.net/vnews/display.v/ART/2006/04/09/443801bdadd6e |title = Refuting 9/11 Conspiracy Theory | work = Letter to the Editor |publisher = | accessdate = 2006-07-27}}</ref> and shortly after he made his views public, the BYU College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and the faculty of structural engineering issued statements in which they distanced themselves from Jones' research. They noted that Jones' "hypotheses and interpretations of evidence were being questioned by scholars and practitioners", and expressed doubts about whether they had been "submitted to relevant scientific venues that would ensure rigorous technical peer review."<ref>{{cite web |last = McIlvain |first = Ryan | year = December 5, 2005 | url = http://newsnet.byu.edu/story.cfm/57724 |title = Censor rumors quelled |accessdate = 2006-07-29}}</ref> While the paper has been peer-reviewed before being published<ref name="Chronicle"/>, it has not been published in a reputable scientific journal. This has been a source of much of the scepticism that has been aimed at it.


On Thursday, September 7, 2006. Jones removed his paper from BYU's website at the request of administators and was placed on paid leave. The university cited its concern about the "increasingly speculative and accusatory nature" of Jones's work and the fact it had "not been published in appropriate scientific venues" as reasons for putting him under review.<ref>Walch, Tad. "BYU places '9/11 truth' professor on paid leave", Deseret Morning News, September 8, 2006.</ref> The review will be three-tiered, with the school's administration, the College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and the Physics Department involved.<ref>{{cite web |last = McFarland |first = Sheena |year = September 8, 2006 | url = http://www.sltrib.com/ci_4306831 | title = BYU prof on paid leave for 9/11 theory | publisher = The Salt Lake Tribune}}</ref>
On August 7, 2006, Jones appeared on ]’s morning radio show on ] in ]. During the broadcast, Jones postulated that it would take approximately 1000 pounds of thermite to take down each of the WTC towers. When Ross asked Jones to describe the possible number and positioning of the charges, Jones consulted the Internet and described on-air that it would take about 100 pre-positioned locations, extrapolating this information based upon the positioning information from the implosion of the ]. He explained that his conclusions were based solely upon on-the-fly back-of-the-napkin analysis extrapolated from the Kingdome implosion data done during the commercial break.<ref> {{cite news | last = Ross | first = Dave | title = A Conversation with 9/11 Researcher Prof. Steven Jones | publisher = 710 KIRO | date = ]| url = http://www.710kiro.com/getpodcast.aspx?sid=7912&lid=3017&id=255767&source=2&url=http://podcasting.fia.net/3017/1567621.mp3| accessdate = 2006-08-07 }}</ref>

According to Jones, the "official" version of the World Trade Center collapse is actually the conspiracy theory. "We challenge this official conspiracy theory and, by God, we're going to get to the bottom of this."<ref> {{cite news | last = | first = | title = Fury as academics claim 9/11 was 'inside job' | publisher = London Daily Mail | date = ]| url = http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in_article_id=403757&in_page_id=1770| accessdate = 2006-09-06 }}</ref> Jones believes the September 11 attacks were orchestrated by the US goverment to "justify the occupation of oil-rich Arab countries, inflate military spending and expand Israel". Jones thinks it is impossible that the towers collapsed due to the impact of the airplanes, as burning jet fuel doesn't reach a high enough temperatures to melt steel.<ref>{{cite news | last = | first = | title = Who really blew up the twin towers? | publisher = The Guardian|Education Guardian | date = September 5]], ]| url = http://education.guardian.co.uk/egweekly/story/0,,1864524,00.html| accessdate = ], ] }}</ref>


===Criticism=== ===Criticism===

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Steven Earl Jones is a professor of physics at Brigham Young University and 9/11 conspiracy theorist. His research includes nuclear fusion and solar energy. In the 1980s Jones popularized the term cold fusion, but his experimental work was significantly different from the more controversial cold fusion experiments of Pons and Fleischmann.

In late 2005, Jones became notable for his support of the hypothesis that the World Trade Center was destroyed by controlled demolition, a common feature of conspiracy theories surrounding the September 11, 2001 attacks.

Education

In 1973, Jones earned his bachelors degree in physics, magna cum laude, from Brigham Young University, and his Ph.D. in physics from Vanderbilt University in 1978. Jones conducted his Ph.D. research at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (from 1974 to 1977), and post-doctoral research at Cornell University and the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility.

Research interests and background

Jones conducted research at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, in Arco, Idaho, from 1979 to 1985, where he was a senior engineering specialist. He was the principal investigator for experimental Muon-catalyzed fusion from 1982 to 1991 for the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Advanced Energy Projects. From 1990 to 1993, Jones researched fusion in condensed matter physics and deuterium, for the U.S. Department of Energy and for the Electric Power Research Institute.

Jones has also been a collaborator in several experiments, including experiments at TRIUMF (Vancouver, British Columbia), The National High Energy Laboratory, KEK (Tsukuba, Japan), and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory at Oxford University.

Jones specializes in Metal-catalyzed fusion, Archaeometry and Solar energy.

Jones has written a paper entitled "Behold My Hands: Evidence for Christ's Visit in Ancient America" in which he used archeological evidence to support the claims of Joseph Smith Jr. (founder of the Latter Day Saint movement) that Jesus had visited the Native Americans after his Resurrection, an event chronicled in the Book of Mormon. The evidence pointed to is Mayan depictions of deities which have stigmata like markings on their hands.

Cold fusion

In the mid-1980s, Jones and other BYU scientists worked on what he then referred to as Cold Nuclear Fusion in a Scientific American article, but is today known as muon-catalyzed fusion to avoid confusion. Muon-catalyzed fusion was a field of some interest in the 1980s, but its low energy output appears to be unavoidable and the field has since fallen from interest.

Around 1985 Jones then became interested in the anomalous production of helium-3 found in the gasses escaping from volcanoes. He hypothesized that the high pressures in the Earth's interior might make fusion more likely, and began a series of experiments on what he referred to as piezofusion, or high-pressure fusion. His experiments initially used a diamond anvil to create high pressures, but he later moved on to an apparatus similar to the one also used by Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischmann. In order to characterize the reactions, Jones designed and built a neutron counter able to accurately measure the tiny numbers of neutrons being produced in his experiments. The counter suggested a small amount of fusion was going on. Jones said the result suggested at least the possibility of fusion, though the process was unlikely to be useful as an energy source.

Pons and Fleischmann (P&F) started their work around the same time. Their work was brought to Jones' attention when they applied for research funding from the Department of Energy and they passed their proposal along to Jones for peer review. Realizing their work was very similar, Jones and P&F agreed to release their papers to Nature on the same day, March 24, 1987. However, P&F announced their results at a press event the day before. Jones faxed his paper to Nature.

A New York Times article says that while peer reviewers were quite critical of Pons and Fleishchmann's research they did not apply such criticism to Jones' much more modest, theoretically supported findings. Although critics insisted that his results likely stemmed from experimental error, most of the reviewing physicists indicated that he was a careful scientist. Other research and experiments confirmed his findings.

WTC collapse hypothesis

At a seminar held on September 22, 2005, Jones presented the substance of the paper that would become "Why Indeed did the WTC Buildings Collapse?" to his department. His hypothesis is that on September 11, 2001 the World Trade Center towers and Seven World Trade Center collapsed as a result of controlled demolition, not the impact of the airplanes that hit them or the fires that followed. The paper does not claim to prove this hypothesis, but calls for further scientific investigation to test it along with the release of all relevant data by the government. It would eventually be published in a book of essays critical of the official version of the September 11, 2001 attacks, edited by David Ray Griffin and Peter Dale Scott. Shortly after the seminar Jones made the paper available on the website of the physics department of Brigham Young University.

Jones has been interviewed by mainstream news sources and has made a number of public appearances, culminating with the 9/11 + The Neo-Con Agenda Symposium, which was organized by Alex Jones with the endorsement of Charlie Sheen and held in Los Angeles on June 24-25, 2006. While Jones has urged caution in drawing conclusions, his public comments have suggested a considerable degree of certainty about both the controlled demolition of the World Trade Center and the culpability of agents working within the U.S. government. His name is often mentioned in reporting about 9/11 conspiracy theories.

The paper has been the center of controversy both for its content and its claims to scientific rigour. Engineers who have studied the collapses have dismissed the controlled demolition hypothesis with reference to the broad consensus that has formed in the engineering community about the official explanation. Jones's early critics included members of BYU's engineering faculty and shortly after he made his views public, the BYU College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and the faculty of structural engineering issued statements in which they distanced themselves from Jones' research. They noted that Jones' "hypotheses and interpretations of evidence were being questioned by scholars and practitioners", and expressed doubts about whether they had been "submitted to relevant scientific venues that would ensure rigorous technical peer review." While the paper has been peer-reviewed before being published, it has not been published in a reputable scientific journal. This has been a source of much of the scepticism that has been aimed at it.

On Thursday, September 7, 2006. Jones removed his paper from BYU's website at the request of administators and was placed on paid leave. The university cited its concern about the "increasingly speculative and accusatory nature" of Jones's work and the fact it had "not been published in appropriate scientific venues" as reasons for putting him under review. The review will be three-tiered, with the school's administration, the College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and the Physics Department involved.

Criticism

Engineers who have studied the collapses have dismissed controlled demolition as a "non-issue" and said that Jones' paper contains "nothing to debunk." It has not been published in a scientific journal, and many question whether it had been properly vetted by other experts in the field.

The BYU College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences previously issued a statement in which they distanced themselves from Jones' research. A similar statement was issued by BYU's structural engineering faculty, the "Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology." The statements noted that Jones' hypotheses and interpretations of evidence were being questioned by scholars and practitioners, and that his analyses and hypotheses had not been "submitted to relevant scientific venues that would ensure rigorous technical peer review."

D. Allan Firmage, Professor Emeritus, Civil Engineering, BYU, responded to an article from the Provo Daily Herald which detailed a presentation that Steven Jones had recently given, and remarked that after reading reports from FEMA, the ASCE and from other professional engineering organizations, as well as Jones' paper, he found the thesis that planted explosives (rather than fire from the planes) had caused the collapse of the Towers, "very unreliable." Dr. Firmage further added: "Before one (especially students) supports such a conspiracy theory, they should investigate all details of the theory. To me, a practicing structural engineer of 57 continuous years, Professor Jones' presentations are very disturbing."

Affiliations

Jones is Co-Chair of Scholars for 9/11 Truth, which according to the organization itself is "a non-partisan association of faculty, students, and scholars, in fields as diverse as history, science, military affairs, psychology, and philosophy, dedicated to exposing falsehoods and to revealing truths behind 9/11." Jones is also the co-editor of the Journal Of 9/11 Studies.

Jones is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

Jones has been described as "a devout Mormon and, until recently, a faithful supporter of George W. Bush."

Recognition and awards

  • 1968, David O. McKay Scholarship at BYU; National Merit Scholar
  • 1973-1978 Tuition Scholarship and Research Fellowship at Vanderbilt University
  • 1989 Outstanding Young Scholar Award (BYU); Best of What's New for 1989 (Popular Science); Creativity Prize (Japanese Creativity Society)
  • 1990 BYU Young Scholar Award; Annual Lecturer, BYU Chapter of Sigma Xi

References

  1. Pope, Justin (2006-08-06). "9/11 Conspiracy Theorists Thriving". ABC News > U.S. ABCNews Internet Ventures. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
  2. "Frequently Asked Questions About The Field of Low Energy Nuclear Reactions". A Subset of Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. New Energy Times. Retrieved 2006-07-27.
  3. Pope, Justin (2006-08-06). "9/11 Conspiracy Theorists Thriving". ABC News > U.S. ABCNews Internet Ventures. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
  4. Brigham Young University: Steven E. Jones's CV
  5. "Steven E. Jones' biography at BYU". Retrieved 2006-08-03.
  6. Jones, Steven E. "Behold My Hands: Evidence for Christ's Visit in Ancient America". Retrieved 2006-07-27.
  7. Jones’s manuscript on history of cold fusion at BYU, Ludwik Kowalski, March 5, 2004
  8. Browne, Malcolm W. (1989). "Physicists Debunk Claim Of a New Kind of Fusion". Science. The New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
  9. Czerski, K. and Huke, A. and Biller, A. and Heide, P. and Hoeft, M. and Ruprecht, G. (2001). "Enhancement of the electron screening effect for d+ d fusion reactions in metallic environments" (PDF). Europhysics Letters. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |filetype= ignored (|format= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Volume 54, number 4, pages 449-455
  10. Jones, Steven E. "Why Indeed Did the WTC Buildings Collapse?" in Griffin, David Ray and Peter Dale Scott, eds. 9/11 and American Empire: Intellectuals Speak Out. Olive Branch Press, 2006. A version of the paper has also been published online in the Journal of 9/11 Studies, vol 3.
  11. Griffin, David Ray and Peter Dale Scott, eds. 9/11 and American Empire: Intellectuals Speak Out. Olive Branch Press, 2006.
  12. "9/11 + The Neo-Con Agenda" Press Release
  13. Jones, Steven E. (July 18, 2006). "Answers to Objections and Questions" (pdf). Retrieved 2006-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  14. "Fury as academics claim 9/11 was 'inside job'". London Daily Mail. 2006-09-06. Retrieved 2006-09-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. "2 U.S. Reports Seek to Counter Conspiracy Theories About 9/11". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-09-06.
  16. "Who really blew up the twin towers?". The Guardian. September 5]], 2006. Retrieved September 6, 2006. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= (help); Text "Education Guardian" ignored (help)
  17. ^ Gravois, John (June 23, 2006). "Professors of Paranoia? Academics give a scholarly stamp to 9/11 conspiracy theories". The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2006-07-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  18. Bazant, Zdenek P. and Mathieu Verdure. "Mechanics of Progressive Collapse: Learning from World Trade Center and Building Demolitions" in Journal of Engineering Mechanics ASCE, in press. PDF
  19. "Refuting 9/11 Conspiracy Theory". Letter to the Editor. April 9, 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  20. McIlvain, Ryan (December 5, 2005). "Censor rumors quelled". Retrieved 2006-07-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  21. Walch, Tad. "BYU places '9/11 truth' professor on paid leave", Deseret Morning News, September 8, 2006.
  22. McFarland, Sheena (September 8, 2006). "BYU prof on paid leave for 9/11 theory". The Salt Lake Tribune.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  23. McIlvain, Ryan (December 5, 2005). "Censor rumors quelled". Retrieved 2006-07-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  24. "D. Allan Firmage". Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Brigham Young University. Retrieved 2006-07-27.
  25. "Refuting 9/11 Conspiracy Theory". Letter to the Editor. April 9, 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
  26. "Scholars for 9/11 Truth - Who Are We?". Retrieved 2006-08-04.
  27. "Journal of 9/11 Studies". Retrieved 2006-08-06.
  28. Brigham Young University: Steven E. Jones's CV

See also

External links

Links covering Professor Jones' 9/11 research

Categories: