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| {{taxobox | |||
| |image = Gewone engwortel R0012880 Plant.JPG | |||
| |image_caption = Wild Angelica (''Angelica sylvestris'') | |||
| |regnum = ] | |||
| |unranked_divisio = ] | |||
| |unranked_classis = ] | |||
| |unranked_ordo = ] | |||
| |ordo = ] | |||
| |familia = ] | |||
| |tribus = ] | |||
| |genus = '''''Angelica''''' | |||
| |genus_authority = ] | |||
| |subdivision_ranks = Species | |||
| |subdivision = About 50 species; see text | |||
| |}} | |||
| ] | |||
| '''''Angelica''''' is a genus of about 60 species of tall ] and ] ]s in the family ], native to temperate and subarctic regions of the ], reaching as far north as ] and ] and ].<ref></ref> They grow to {{convert|1|–|3|m|abbr=on}} tall, with large bipinnate ] and large compound ]s of white or greenish-white ]s. | |||
| Some species can be found in ]. | |||
| ==Characteristics== | |||
| ''Angelica'' species grow to {{convert|1|–|3|m|abbr=on}} tall, with large bipinnate ] and large compound umbels of white or greenish-white ]s. Their large, sparkling, starburst flowers<ref>{{cite web | work = Southern Colorado Wildflowers | title = ''Angelica grayi'' (Angelica) | url = http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/White%20Enlarged%20Photo%20Pages/angelica.htm | accessdate = 10 July 2012 }}</ref> are pollinated by a great variety of insects (the generalist ] syndrome),<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/plb.12328| title = Competition for pollinators and intra-communal spectral dissimilarity of flowers| journal = Plant Biology| pages = | year = 2015| last1 = Van Der Kooi | first1 = C. J.| last2 = Pen | first2 = I.| last3 = Staal | first3 = M.| last4 = Stavenga | first4 = D. G.| last5 = Elzenga | first5 = J. T. M.| url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Casper_Van_Der_Kooi/publication/273158762_Competition_for_pollinators_and_intracommunal_spectral_dissimilarity_of_flowers/links/553122910cf2f2a588ace06c.pdf?origin=publication_detail&ev=pub_int_prw_xdl&msrp=156o8z3LbHGvSYKAR%2BxM7a0%2BD7zBXCIlIRZA4sCK%2FwDY4dQUizWow4itk77Rb0zcqcye6%2BGxNrJpPjT%2F6rYpOE0YD5myTyQp7ORfnfI5DfU%3D_aoupfL8XxKQD0uLWnjpkK5W0d3LW8onR1q4bPYB94Oj3S4rNfG9H3VEZaoDog5H1K3yCHsSHJ6P3kIO1KHSbvQ%3D%3D&inViewer=1}}</ref> the floral scents are species-specific, and even specific to particular subspecies.<ref>{{ cite journal |author1=Tollsten, L. |author2=Knudsen, J. T. |author3=Bergström, L. G. | year = 1994 | title = Floral Scent in Generalistic ''Angelica'' (Apiaceae) — An Adaptive Character? | journal = Biochemical Systematics and Ecology | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 161–169 | doi = 10.1016/0305-1978(94)90006-X | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/030519789490006X }}</ref> The active ingredients of angelica are found in the roots and rhizomes<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Meschino Health | title = Comprehensive Guide to Angelica Species | url = http://www.meschinohealth.com/books/angelica_species | accessdate = 10 July 2012}}</ref> and contains ] in its tissues which make the skin sensitive to light.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Scienceray | title = Angelica - A Plant Of The Family Apiaceae | url = http://scienceray.com/biology/angelica-a-plant-of-the-family-apiaceae/#ixzz20EwohfkZ | accessdate = 10 July 2012 }}</ref> | |||
| ==Species== | |||
| *'']'' – ''dang-gui'' in Chinese | |||
| *'']'' – Adjarian angelica | |||
| *'']'' – giant angelica | |||
| *'']'' – garden angelica, archangel, angelique | |||
| *'']'' – Lyall's angelica | |||
| *'']'' – purplestem angelica, alexanders | |||
| *'']'' – Brewer's angelica | |||
| *'']'' – California angelica | |||
| *'']'' – Call's angelica | |||
| *'']'' – Canby's angelica | |||
| *'']'' | |||
| *'']'' – ''bai zhi'' in Chinese | |||
| *'']'' – Dawson's angelica | |||
| *'']'' – coastalplain angelica | |||
| *'']'' – kneeling angelica | |||
| *'']'' – ''cham dangwi'' in Korean | |||
| *''Angelica glabra'' – synonym for ''Angelica dahurica''<ref>{{ cite journal |author1=Pimenov, M. G. |author2=Leonov, M. V. | title = The Asian Umbelliferae Biodiversity Database (ASIUM) with Particular Reference to South-West Asian Taxa | journal = Turkish Journal of Botany | volume = 28 | year = 2004 | pages = 139–145 | url = http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/issues/bot-04-28-1-2/bot-28-1-2-13-0210-18.pdf | format = PDF }}</ref> | |||
| *'']'' - ''choraka'' in Hindi | |||
| *'']'' – Gray's angelica | |||
| *'']'' | |||
| *'']'' – Henderson's angelica | |||
| *'']'' | |||
| *'']'' – ''ashitaba'' in Japanese | |||
| *'']'' – King's angelica | |||
| *'']'' – poison angelica | |||
| *'']'' – seacoast angelica | |||
| *'']'' | |||
| *'']'' – marsh angelica | |||
| *'']'' | |||
| *'']'' – small-leaf angelica | |||
| *'']'' - ''shishiudo'' in Japanese, ''du huo'' in Chinese | |||
| *'']'' – rose angelica | |||
| *'']'' | |||
| *'']'' – ''dong quai'' | |||
| *'']'' – Charleston Mountain angelica, rough angelica | |||
| *'']'' – wild angelica | |||
| *'']'' – Korean gobon,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=http://www.forest.go.kr/kna/special/download/English_Names_for_Korean_Native_Plants.pdf|title=English Names for Korean Native Plants|publisher=]|year=2015|isbn=978-89-97450-98-5|location=Pocheon|pages=354|access-date=16 December 2016|via=]}}</ref> slender angelica<ref name=":0" /> | |||
| *'']'' – woolly angelica | |||
| *'']'' – filmy angelica | |||
| *'']'' | |||
| *'']'' | |||
| *'']'' – hairy angelica | |||
| *'']'' – Utah angelica | |||
| ==Cultivation and uses== | |||
| Some species are grown as ]ing agents or for their ]. The most notable of these is ] (''A. archangelica''), which is commonly known simply as '''angelica'''. Natives of Lapland use the fleshy roots as food and the stalks as medicine. Crystallized strips of young angelica stems and midribs are green in colour and are sold as decorative and flavoursome cake decoration material, but may also be enjoyed on their own. The roots and seeds are sometimes used to flavor ]. Its presence accounts for the distinct flavor of many liqueurs, such as ]. | |||
| Among the ] of ], the plant is used to make a traditional musical instrument the '']''. | |||
| ] (''A. lucida'') has been eaten as a wild version of ]. | |||
| In parts of Japan, especially the ], the shoots and leaves of '']'' (''A. keiskei'') are eaten as ], particularly in the spring. | |||
| ''A. sylvestris'' and some other species are eaten by the ]e of some ] species, including ], ], ] and the ]. | |||
| ''A. dawsonii'' was used by several first nations in North America for ritual purposes. | |||
| ''A. atropurpurea'' is found in North America from ] west to ] and south to ], and was smoked by Missouri tribes for colds and respiratory ailments.{{medcn|date=November 2014}} This species is very similar in appearance to the poisonous ]. | |||
| The boiled roots of angelica were applied internally and externally to wounds by the Aleut people in Alaska to speed healing.{{medcn|date=November 2014}} | |||
| The herb, also known by the Chinese name, Bai Zhi, and Latin name, Radix Angelicae Dahurica, is used medicinally in ].{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}. | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| {{Commons category|Angelica}} | |||
| *{{cite web | url = http://herbarium.uvu.edu/virtual/search.asp?s=genus&n=923 | publisher = UVSC Herbarium | title = Angelica }} | |||
| *{{cite web | url = http://www.growingherbs.org.uk/herbs/how_to_grow_angelica.htm | title = How to grow Angelica | publisher = Growing Herbs }} | |||
| *{{cite web | url = http://www.ourherbgarden.com/herb-history/angelica.html | title = History of Angelica | publisher = Our Herb Garden }} | |||
| *{{cite web | url = http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ANGEL | title = Plants Profile ''Angelica'' L. | publisher = USDA - NRCS | work = Plants Database }} | |||
| *{{cite web | url = http://www.ashitabaplant.com/2012/11/how-to-take-care-of-ashitaba-plant.html | title = How to Take Care of Ashitaba Plant (Longevity Herb) ''Angelica'' | publisher = Rochkirstin Santos }} | |||
| * {{cite EB9 |wstitle=Angelica |volume=2 |page=28 |short=x}} | |||
| * {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Angelica |volume=2 |page=6 |short=x}} | |||
| {{taxonbar}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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Revision as of 12:12, 10 January 2017
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