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|langs= ] (Main language for all generations); <br> Older generation: ], ], ], ] |
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'''Pakistani Jews in Israel''' are immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Pakistani Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. They number between 1000 and 2000. The majority of these refugee Jews are those who migrated from ], ], ] to India and then many to Israel as part of the ], and formed a small community in the city of ].<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fishel-benkhald/observing-passing-as-the-_b_6981120.html</ref> |
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'''] in ]''' are immigrants and descendants of the immigrants of the Pakistani Jewish communities, who now reside within the state of Israel. They number between 1,000 and 2,000. The majority of these refugee Jews are those who migrated from ], ], ] to India and then many to Israel as part of the ], and formed a small community in the city of ]. The Jews in ] were mainly ]-speaking ]. |
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==History== |
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==History== |
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Records cite that major Pakistani Jewish migration to Israel occurred in the 1960s and 1970s from India, where many Jewish refugees from Pakistan eventually settled during the ] period. ], built by Shalome Solomon Umerdekar and his son Gershone Solomon, Karachi’s last ], was demolished in the 1980s to make way for a shopping plaza. Most of the Karachi Jews now live in ], Israel, ], ] and ], ] and built a synagogue they named Magen Shalome.<ref></ref> |
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Pakistan hosted a small thriving multicultural Jewish community from the 19th century until the end of the 1970s. The majority of Jews in Pakistan were ], ] and ]. |
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Jewish immigrants from Pakistan have served with distinction in the ], helped revive the game of ] in Israel and have added a fair amount of colour to Israeli society.<ref></ref> |
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===Colonial era (1842-1947)=== |
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Jewish migration to the territories that now constitute Pakistan began during the ] in 1857. In the first half of the 20th century, there were nearly 1000 Jewish residents in Pakistan living in various cities. ] was the center of Pakistan's Jewish community and home to ], the largest Synagogue in the country at the time. It was inaugurated by Solomon David Umerdekar in 1892 on the corner of Jamila Street and Nishtar Road and officially opened in 1912. Jews also lived in ] and ] (home to ]), and ] (home to ]).<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fishel-benkhald/observing-passing-as-the-_b_6981120.html</ref> Peshawar also had two small synagogues. Karachi Jews were of various origins, but most were from the Bene Israel community. Yifah, a student at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, relates that her great-great-grandfather Samuel Reuben Bhonkar, who was a Bene Israel, came to Karachi to work as a jailer, and died there in 1928. The Bene Israel originated in the Konkan villages. In Pakistan, they spoke ] and ] mainly while Bene Israel also spoke ] and Bukharan Jews ]. Prayers were conducted in ]. In 1903, the community set up the Young Man’s Jewish Association, and the Karachi Bene Israel Relief Fund was established to support poor Jews. In 1918, the Karachi Jewish Syndicate was formed to provide housing at reasonable rents, and the All India Israelite League, which represented 650 Bene Israel in Sindh province (including ], ], ] and ]), was first convened – founded by two prominent Bene Israel, Jacob Bapuji Israel and David S. Erulkar. Karachi became a fulcrum for the Bene Israel in India, the place where they congregated for High Holiday prayers. There was also a prayer hall, which served the Afghan Jews residing in the city. A 1941 government census recorded 1199 Pakistani Jews: 513 men and 538 women. So accepted were the Jews of Karachi in these years that Abraham Reuben, a leader in the Jewish community, became the first Jewish councilor on the Karachi Municipal Corporation.<ref>http://www.jewishtimesasia.org/community-spotlight-topmenu-43/pakistan/544-pakistan-communities/2806-a-jewish-presence-in-pakistan-karachi-in-another-time</ref> |
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===Post-independence=== |
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Following Pakistan's independence in August 1947, many Jews became concerned of their future in the new Muslim majority country. Many Jews from Peshawar, Lahore and Quetta decided to move to Karachi during this period. The situation was exacerbated by the declaration of independence for the state of Israel in May 1948. Pakistan was never traditionally anti-Semitic, however an anti-Israel sentiment began growing in the 1950s. Following the ] in 1967, Pakistani Jews began moving to Israel in greater numbers, while some chose to go abroad and settle in Canada and the United Kingdom. By 1968, the Pakistani Jewish community numbered only 350, mainly centered in Karachi, with one synagogue, a welfare organization and a recreational organization. After 1968, there is no record of any Pakistani Jews outside Karachi. Following the ], Pakistan hosted many ] as refugees as part of the United Nations Political Refugee program. Many of them sought to settle in Israel while others opted for Canada and the United Kingdom like there fellow Pakistani Jews had done in the years prior.<ref>http://jewishjournal.com/opinion/216326/advice-jewish-refugee-canada/</ref> ] was demolished in the 1980s to make way for a shopping plaza. By the 1990s, most Pakistani Jews had left the country. The majority today live in ], Israel, with minorities in ], ].<ref></ref> Jewish immigrants from Pakistan have served with distinction in the ], helped revive the game of ] in Israel and have added a fair amount of colour to Israeli society.<ref></ref> According to unofficial sources, there are rumors that some Jews remain in Pakistan, including doctors and members of the free professions, who converted or pass themselves off as members of other religions. In 2015, Fishel Benkhald publicly announced his Jewish faith and claimed to the "the last Jew in Pakistan".<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fishel-benkhald/observing-passing-as-the-_b_6981120.html</ref> His aim to the restore the Karachi's Jewish Cemetery and for the Magen Shalom synagogue to be rebuilt, which was previously being fought by Rachel Joseph who died in 2006.<ref>www.jewishtimesasia.org/community-spotlight-topmenu-43/pakistan/544-pakistan-communities/2806-a-jewish-presence-in-pakistan-karachi-in-another-time</ref> |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
Records cite that major Pakistani Jewish migration to Israel occurred in the 1960s and 1970s from India, where many Jewish refugees from Pakistan eventually settled during the independence period. Magain Shalome, built by Shalome Solomon Umerdekar and his son Gershone Solomon, Karachi’s last synagogue, was demolished in the 1980s to make way for a shopping plaza. Most of the Karachi Jews now live in Ramla, Israel, Toronto, Canada and Mumbai, India and built a synagogue they named Magen Shalome.
Pakistani diaspora
