Luwati language: Difference between revisions

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	== History ==		== History ==
	Originating from ],<ref name=":1" /> this language has had a presence in ] for nearly four centuries. <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Valeri\|first=M\|date=\|title="High Visibility, Low Profile: The Shiʿa in Oman under Sultan Qaboos\|url=\|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies\|volume=42\|pages=251-268}}</ref>The language and people were first mentioned historically by the Omani historian Ibn Ruzayq.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Peterson\|first=J\|date=\|title=Oman's diverse society: Northern Oman\|url=\|journal=The Middle East Journal\|volume=58\|pages=32-51}}</ref>		Originating from ],<ref name=":1" /> this language has had a presence in ] for nearly four centuries. <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Valeri\|first=M\|date=\|title="High Visibility, Low Profile: The Shiʿa in Oman under Sultan Qaboos\|url=\|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies\|volume=42\|pages=251-268}}</ref>The language and people were first mentioned historically by the Omani historian Ibn Ruzayq.<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Peterson\|first=J\|date=\|title=Oman's diverse society: Northern Oman\|url=\|journal=The Middle East Journal\|volume=58\|pages=32-51}}</ref>

	== Geographic Distribution ==		== Geographic Distribution ==
	Luwati is a minority language found in Oman specifically in the capital of ] as well as in the coastal towns of ], Barka, Khabura, and Musana. It is spoken by 5,000 to 10,000 people.		Luwati is a minority language found in Oman specifically in the capital of ] as well as in the coastal towns of ], Barka, Khabura, and Musana. It is spoken by 5,000 to 10,000 people.<ref name="academians.org" />

	==Phonology==		==Phonology==
			Luwati consists of 37 consonants, 10 vowels, and 3 dipthongs. Usually the world-level stress falls on the first syllable however in loan words from Arabic, it retains its original stress position. <ref name="academians.org" />
	The Lawati language has 37 consonants<ref name="academians.org"/>

			=== Consonants ===
			Below is a chart of Luwati consonants.

			'''Luwati Consonants'''<ref name="academians.org" />
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!
			!]
			!]
			]<nowiki/>l
			!]
			!]
			!]
			]
			!]
			]
			!]
			!Velar
			!Labialized
			velar
			!Uvular
			!Pharyngeal
			!Glottal
			\|-
			!Plosive
			\|p b
			pʰ
			\|
			\|t d
			tʰ
			\|
			\|ʈ ɖ
			ʈʰ
			\|
			\|
			\|k ɡ
			kʰ
			\|
			\|q
			!
			!
			\|-
			!Affricative
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|tʃdʒ
			tʃʰ
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			!Implosive
			\|ɓ
			\|
			\|
			\|ɗ
			\|
			\|ʄ
			\|
			\|ɠ
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			!Nasal
			\|m
			\|
			\|
			\|n
			\|
			\|ɲ
			\|
			\|ŋ
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			!Trill
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|r
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			!Fricative
			\|
			\|f
			\|
			\|s z
			\|
			\|ʃ
			\|
			\|x ɣ
			\|
			\|
			\|ħ ʕ
			\|h
			\|-
			!Approximate
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|j
			\|
			\|w
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|-
			!Lateral
			Approximate
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|l
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|}

			=== Vowels ===
			Luwati consists of 10 oral long and short vowels: /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, a, ɘ, ə, u, ʊ, o/.

			It consists of three diphthongs as well. They are: /a͡ɪ, a͡ʊ, ɔ͡ɪ/.<ref name="academians.org" />

			== Writing System ==
			Luwati no longer has a writing system and is only a spoken language. <ref name=":0" />

	==References==		==References==

Revision as of 19:40, 30 April 2017

Lawati
Lawatiyya
Region	Oman (Muttrah walled quarter, facing the old harbor; Muscat and other cities)
Native speakers	30,000 (2012)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Northwestern Zone Sindhi Lawati
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`luv`
Glottolog	`luwa1238`
ELP	Luwati

The Luwati Language (also known as lawatiyya, lawatiya, hyderabadi, khoja, or khojki) is an Indo-Iranian Language spoken by 5,000 to 10,000 people known as the Lawatiya (also called the Khojas or Hyderabadis) in the country of Oman. In total it is has been estimated there are 20,000-30,000 Lawatiya people. Despite the various names, the Lawatiya refer to the language as Khojki. It is considered an endangered language because a portion of the Lawatiya do not speak Luwati and it is not continuously passed down to younger generations.

Classifications

The Luwati language is superficially similar to Kutchi, but retains sounds found in other Sindhi languages and Saraiki but that have been lost from Kutchi. Luwati also bares similarities with other languages such as Sindhi, Kachichi, Gujarati, Hindustani, and Persian. As with other languages located in Oman, Luwati is influenced by the Omani dialect of Arabic.

History

Originating from Sindh, this language has had a presence in Oman for nearly four centuries. The language and people were first mentioned historically by the Omani historian Ibn Ruzayq.

Geographic Distribution

Luwati is a minority language found in Oman specifically in the capital of Muscat as well as in the coastal towns of Saham, Barka, Khabura, and Musana. It is spoken by 5,000 to 10,000 people.

Phonology

Luwati consists of 37 consonants, 10 vowels, and 3 dipthongs. Usually the world-level stress falls on the first syllable however in loan words from Arabic, it retains its original stress position.

Consonants

Below is a chart of Luwati consonants.

Luwati Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio- dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post- alveolar	Palato- alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Labialized velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Plosive	p b pʰ		t d tʰ		ʈ ɖ ʈʰ			k ɡ kʰ		q
Affricative						tʃdʒ tʃʰ
Implosive	ɓ			ɗ		ʄ		ɠ
Nasal	m			n		ɲ		ŋ
Trill				r
Fricative		f		s z		ʃ		x ɣ			ħ ʕ	h
Approximate							j		w
Lateral Approximate				l

Vowels

Luwati consists of 10 oral long and short vowels: /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, a, ɘ, ə, u, ʊ, o/.

It consists of three diphthongs as well. They are: /a͡ɪ, a͡ʊ, ɔ͡ɪ/.

Writing System

Luwati no longer has a writing system and is only a spoken language.

References

^ Lawati at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ Salman, Amel & Kharusi, Nafla S. (2012) ‘The Sound System of Lawatiyya’, Journal of Academic and Applied Studies May Vol. 2(5), pp. 36–44, ISSN 1925-931X, available online @ www.academians.org
Valeri, M. "Identity Politics and Nation-Building under Sultan Qaboos". Sectarian Politics in the Persian Golf. 179.
^ Al Jahdhami, S. "Minority Languages in Oman". Journal of the Association for Anglo-American Studies. 4: 105–112.
^ Asani, A. "The Khojkī Script: A Legacy of Ismaili Islam in the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent"". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 3: 439–449.
Valeri, M. ""High Visibility, Low Profile: The Shiʿa in Oman under Sultan Qaboos". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 42: 251–268.
Peterson, J. "Oman's diverse society: Northern Oman". The Middle East Journal. 58: 32–51.

v t e Languages of Oman
Official language	Arabic	Oman portal
Main foreign language	English
Minority languages	Balochi Baṭḥari Ḥarsusi Hobyót Kumzari Luwati Mehri Shehri Swahili
Varieties of Arabic	Bahrani Arabic Omani Arabic Dhofari Shihhi
Sign languages	Omani Sign Language

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