Revision as of 22:11, 3 May 2017 view sourceGap9551 (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers55,301 edits Undid revision 778555486 by 2001:2012:130F:4800:1978:F152:37A9:C6D2 (talk)← Previous edit | Revision as of 09:21, 4 May 2017 view source 81.7.148.58 (talk) gummiTag: blankingNext edit → | ||
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den handler om en lille pige der bliver besat af fredes æggggemads kostume og dræber sine forældre. | |||
{{pp-move-indef}} | |||
faren kommer op og skændes med ægggeemads kostunmet og moren bliver dræbt af en eller anden grund som jeg ikke ved hvad er fordi jeg ikke har set filmen men bare har skrevet det samme som min ven | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}} | |||
{{Infobox country | |||
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Denmark | |||
|common_name = Denmark | |||
|native_name = {{native name|da|Kongeriget Danmark}} | |||
|image_flag = Flag of Denmark.svg{{!}}border | |||
|alt_flag = Red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side | |||
|image_coat = National Coat of arms of Denmark.svg | |||
|symbol_width = 75px | |||
|national_anthem = '']''<br/>{{small|There is a lovely country}}<br/><center>] | |||
----<!-- Royal and national anthem -->'']''{{refn|''Kong Christian'' has equal status as a ] but is generally used only on ] and military occasions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Not one but two national anthems|url=http://denmark.dk/en/quick-facts/national-anthems/|work=Denmark.dk|publisher=]|accessdate=18 May 2014}}</ref>|group="N"}}<br/>{{small|King Christian stood by the lofty mast}}<br/>] | |||
|image_map = EU-Denmark.svg | |||
|map_width = 250px | |||
|map_caption = Location of '''European Denmark'''<ref name="proper" group="N"/> (dark green), in ] (dark grey) and in the ] (light green) | |||
|capital = ] | |||
|coordinates = {{Coord|55|43|N|12|34|E|type:city}} | |||
|largest_city = capital | |||
|official_languages = ] | |||
|regional_languages = ] | |||
|demonym = {{hlist |] |]}} | |||
|government_type = {{nowrap|] ]<br>]}} | |||
|leader_title1 = ] | |||
|leader_name1 = ] | |||
|leader_title2 = ] | |||
|leader_name2 = ] | |||
|legislature = ] | |||
| sovereignty_type = ] | |||
|established_event1 = ] | |||
|established_date1 = {{circa}} 8th century{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}} | |||
|established_event2 = {{nowrap|]}} | |||
|established_date2 = 5 June 1849 | |||
|established_event3 = ] | |||
|established_date3 = 24 March 1948<ref group="N">Faroe Islands became the first territory to be granted ] on 24 March 1948. Greenland also gained autonomy on 1 May 1979.</ref> | |||
|area_km2 = 42,931<!--{{As of|2017}}--> | |||
|area_label = Denmark<ref name="proper" group="N"/> | |||
|area_footnote = <ref name=area>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?MainTable=ARE207&PLanguage=1&PXSId=0&wsid=cftree|title=Area by region – StatBank Denmark – data and statistics|publisher=}}</ref> | |||
|area_rank = 133rd | |||
|population_estimate = 5,748,769<ref name="pop1"/> (]) | |||
|population_estimate_year = January 2017 | |||
|population_density_km2 = 133.4 | |||
|GDP_PPP = $264.837 billion<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=54&pr.y=0&sy=2016&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=128&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=|title=Denmark |publisher=International Monetary Fund }}</ref><ref group="N" name="denonly group=N"/> | |||
|GDP_PPP_year = 2016 | |||
|GDP_PPP_rank = 52nd | |||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita = $46,602<ref name=imf2/> | |||
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 19th | |||
|GDP_nominal = $302.571 billion<ref name=imf2/><ref group="N" name="denonly group=N"/> | |||
|GDP_nominal_year = 2016 | |||
|GDP_nominal_rank = 34th | |||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $53,242<ref name=imf2/> | |||
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 6th | |||
|Gini = 27.5 <!--number only--> | |||
|Gini_year = 2014 | |||
|Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | |||
|Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini/> | |||
|HDI = 0.925 | |||
|HDI_year = 2015<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | |||
|HDI_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | |||
|HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2016_human_development_report.pdf |title=2016 Human Development Report |year=2016 |accessdate=23 March 2017 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref> | |||
|HDI_rank = 5th | |||
|currency = ]<ref group="N">In the Faroe Islands the currency has a separate design and is known as the ], but is not a separate currency.</ref> | |||
|currency_code = DKK | |||
|time_zone = ] | |||
|utc_offset = +1 | |||
|utc_offset_DST = +2 | |||
|time_zone_DST = ] | |||
|drives_on = Right | |||
|calling_code = ]<ref group="N">The Faroe Islands (]) and Greenland (]) have their own country calling codes.</ref> | |||
|cctld = ]<ref group="N">The ] ] is shared with other ] countries. Greenland (]) and the Faroe Islands (]) have their own TLDs.</ref> | |||
|religion = ] | |||
}} | |||
'''Denmark''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Denmark.ogg|ˈ|d|ɛ|n|m|ɑr|k}}; {{lang-da|Danmark}} {{IPA-da|ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊||DA-Danmark.ogg}}), officially the '''Kingdom of Denmark''', is a ]n country in ] and a ]. The southernmost and smallest of the ], it is south-west of ] and south of ],<ref group="N">The island of ] is offset to the east of the rest of the country, in the Baltic Sea.</ref> and bordered to the south by ]. Denmark<ref group="N">{{lang-da|Kongeriget Danmark}}, {{IPA-da|ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊||Kongeriget Danmark.ogg}}. See also: ]</ref><!--Do not move without discussing on talk page--> also comprises ] in the ]: the ] and ]. Denmark has a total area of {{convert|42,924|km2|sqmi|lk=in}},<ref name=area/> and a population of 5.75 million.<ref name="pop1" /> The country consists of a peninsula, ], and an ] of ],<ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark in numbers 2010|url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/14847/dkital.pdf|publisher=Statistics Denmark|accessdate=2 May 2013}}</ref> with the largest being ] and ]. The islands are characterised by flat, ] and sandy coasts, low elevation and a ] climate. | |||
The ] emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for ].{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}} Denmark, Sweden and Norway were ruled together under the ], established in 1397 and ending with ] secession in 1523. Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1814. The union with Norway made it possible for Denmark to inherit the ], Iceland, and Greenland. Beginning in the 17th century, there were several ]s of territory to Sweden. In the 19th century there was a surge of ], which were defeated in the 1864 ]. Denmark remained neutral during ]. In April 1940, a ] saw brief ] skirmishes while the ] was active from 1943 until the ] in May 1945. An industrialised exporter of agricultural produce in the second half of the 19th century, Denmark introduced ] in the early 20th century that created the basis for the present ] ] with a highly developed ]. | |||
The ] was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the ] which had begun in 1660. It establishes a ] organised as a ] democracy. The ] and ] are seated in ], the nation's ], ] and main commercial centre. Denmark exercises ] influence in the ], ] powers to handle internal affairs. ] was established in the Faroe Islands | |||
in 1948; in ] home rule was established in 1979 and ] in 2009. Denmark became a member of the ] (now the ]) in 1973, maintaining ]; it retains its own currency, the ]. It is among the founding members of ], the ], the ], ], and the ]; it is also part of the ]. | |||
Danes enjoy a high ] and the country ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including ], ], protection of ], ], ] and ].<ref name="Democracy_Index"/><ref>. '']'', 29 October 2013. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806123613/http://www.legatum.com/article/Legatum-Prosperity-Index-Global-prosperity-rising-while-US-and-UK-economies-decline |date=6 August 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark Country Profile: Human Development Indicators |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/DNK.html |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |accessdate=19 April 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328232058/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/DNK.html |archivedate=28 March 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> The country ranks as having the world's highest ],<ref>Dave Serchuk. ''].'' 12 July 2011</ref> a high <!--not lowest--> level of ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI/ |title=1997–2001 |work=GINI index |publisher=] |year=1997 |accessdate=11 November 2012}}</ref> is the ], has one of the world's ], and one of the world's ].<ref name=taxation1/> | |||
==Etymology== | |||
{{Main article|Etymology of Denmark}} | |||
The etymology of the word Denmark, and especially the relationship between Danes and Denmark and the unifying of Denmark as a single kingdom, is a subject which attracts debate.<ref>Kristian Andersen Nyrup, Middelalderstudier </ref><ref>''Indvandrerne i Danmarks historie'', Bent Østergaard, Syddansk Universitetsforlag 2007, ISBN 978-87-7674-204-1, pp. 19–24</ref> This is centred primarily on the prefix ''"Dan"'' and whether it refers to the ] or a historical person ] and the exact meaning of the -''"mark"'' ending. | |||
Most handbooks derive the first part of the word, and the name of the people, from a word meaning "flat land",<ref name="et1"/> related to German ''Tenne'' "threshing floor", English ''den'' "cave".<ref name="et1">], ''Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch'', 1962, 73; ], ''Dansk etymologisk ordbog'', 1989, 85–96.</ref> The ''-mark'' is believed to mean ] or ]land (see ]), with probable references to the border forests in south ].<ref>Navneforskning, Københavns Universitet{{cite web|url=http://navneforskning.ku.dk/stednavne.doc/betydninger.doc |title=Udvalgte stednavnes betydning |accessdate=27 January 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716144406/http://navneforskning.ku.dk/stednavne.doc/betydninger.doc |archivedate=16 July 2006 |df=dmy }}</ref> | |||
The first recorded use of the word ''Danmark'' within Denmark itself is found on the two ], which are ]s believed to have been erected by ] ({{circa|955}}) and ] ({{circa|965}}). The larger stone of the two is popularly cited as Denmark's baptismal certificate (''dåbsattest''),<ref>{{cite book |last=O'Donoghue |first=Heather |title=Old Norse-Icelandic Literature: A Short Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-g2MTFh9gC&pg=PT27 |year=2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location= |isbn=9780470776834 |page=27}}</ref> though both use the word "Denmark", in the form of ] {{runic|ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚢᚱᚴ}} "tanmaurk" ({{IPA|}}) on the large stone, and ] {{runic|ᛏᛅᚾᛘᛅᚱᚴᛅᚱ}} "tanmarkar" (pronounced {{IPA|}}) on the small stone.<ref>The ] form ''tąnmarku'' (pronounced {{IPA|}}) is found on the contemporaneous Skivum stone.</ref> The inhabitants of Denmark are there called "tani" ({{IPA|}}), or "Danes", in the accusative. | |||
==History== | |||
{{Main article|History of Denmark}} | |||
{{See also|History of Greenland|History of the Faroe Islands}} | |||
===Prehistory=== | |||
] dating from the Nordic Bronze Age.]] | |||
The earliest ] date back to the ] from 130,000–110,000 ].<ref>Michaelsen (2002), p. 19.</ref> Denmark has been inhabited since around 12,500 BC and agriculture has been evident since 3900 BC.<ref name="foreign ministry">{{cite web|last=Nielsen|first=Poul Otto|date=May 2003|url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-1.asp|title=Denmark: History, Prehistory|publisher=]|accessdate=1 May 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051122020555/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-1.asp |archivedate=22 November 2005}}</ref> The ] (1800–600 BC) in Denmark was marked by ], which left an abundance of findings including ]s and the ]. | |||
During the ] (500 BC – AD 1), native groups began migrating south, and the first tribal ] came to the country between the Pre-Roman and the ],<ref>Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 20.</ref> in the ] (AD 1–400).<ref name="foreign ministry"/> The ]s maintained ]s and relations with native tribes in Denmark, and ] have been found in Denmark. Evidence of strong ] cultural influence dates from this period in Denmark and much of North-West Europe and is among other things reflected in the finding of the ]. | |||
The tribal Danes came from the east ] (]) and ] and spoke an early form of ]. Historians believe that before their arrival, most of ] and the nearest islands were settled by tribal ]. The Jutes migrated to ] eventually, some as mercenaries by ] King ], and were granted the south-eastern territories of ], the ] and other areas, where they settled. They were later absorbed or ] by the invading ] and ], who formed the ]. The remaining ] population in Jutland assimilated in with the settling ]. | |||
A short note about the ''Dani'' in "]" by the historian ] is believed to be an early mention of the Danes, one of the ]s from whom modern ] are descended.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jordanes |others=] (trans.) |date=22 April 1997|url=http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/jordgeti.html#III |title=The Origin and Deeds of the Goths, chapter III|accessdate=1 May 2006}}</ref><ref>Busck and Poulsen (ed.) (2002), p. 19.</ref> The ] defence structures were built in phases from the 3rd century forward and the sheer size of the construction efforts in AD 737 are attributed to the emergence of a Danish king.<ref name="danevirke">Michaelsen (2002), pp. 122–23.</ref> A ] was first used around the same time and ], the oldest town of Denmark, was founded about AD 700. | |||
===Viking and Middle Ages=== | |||
{{Main article|Viking Age|Kalmar Union}} | |||
], the largest ship burial found in Denmark.]] | |||
From the 8th to the 10th century the wider ]n region was the source of ]. They colonised, raided, and traded in all parts of Europe. The Danish Vikings were most active in the eastern and southern ] and ]. They conquered and settled parts of ] (known as the ]) under King ] in 1013, and ] where Danes and Norwegians founded ] with ] as head of state. More ] ] of this period have been found in Denmark than in England.<ref name="Lund">*{{cite web|last=Lund |first=Niels |date=May 2003 |url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-2.asp |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510174200/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap6/6-2.asp |archivedate=10 May 2006 |title=Denmark – History – The Viking Age |work=Denmark |publisher=] |accessdate=24 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> | |||
].]] | |||
Denmark was largely consolidated by the late 8th century and its rulers are consistently referred to in ] sources as kings (''reges''). Under the reign of ] in 804 the Danish kingdom may have included all the ] of Jutland, ] and the Danish islands, excluding Bornholm.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.dk/books?id=UmFrVUb5DSwC&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=danish%20kingdom%20king%20godfred&source=bl&ots=V3wbLXqGvB&sig=WBFJDgsTKn2B1F02EHGMASTgNBU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxucH70OfOAhVhP5oKHbVVAbwQ6AEIRzAI#v=onepage&q=danish%20kingdom%20king%20godfred&f=false|title=Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' c.900–1200|first=Nora|last=Berend|date=22 November 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|via=Google Books}}</ref> | |||
The extant Danish monarchy traces its roots back to ], who established his reign in the early 10th century.{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=31}} As attested by the ], the Danes were ] around 965 by ], the son of ]. It is believed that Denmark became Christian for political reasons so as not to get invaded by the rising ] in Europe, the ], which was an important trading area for the Danes. In that case, Harald built six ] around Denmark called ] and built a further ]. In the early 11th century, ] won and united Denmark, England, and ] for almost 30 years with a Scandinavian army.<ref name="Lund"/> | |||
Throughout the ] and ], Denmark also included ] (the areas of Scania, ], and ] in present-day south Sweden) and Danish kings ruled ], as well as the ] of ] and ]. Most of the latter two now form the state of ] in northern Germany. | |||
In 1397, Denmark entered into a ] with ] and ], united under Queen ].{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=33}} The three countries were to be treated as equals in the union. However, even from the start, Margaret may not have been so idealistic—treating Denmark as the clear "senior" partner of the union.<ref name="Lauring">Lauring, Palle (1960) ''A History of the Kingdom of Denmark'', Host & Son Co.: Copenhagen, p. 108.</ref> Thus, much of the next 125 years of ] revolves around this union, with Sweden breaking off and being re-conquered repeatedly. The issue was for practical purposes resolved on 17 June 1523, as ] ] conquered the city of ]. The ] spread to Scandinavia in the 1530s, and following the ] civil war, ] to ] in 1536. Later that year, Denmark entered into a union with Norway. | |||
{{clear left}} | |||
===Early modern history (1536–1849)=== | |||
{{main article|Denmark–Norway|Danish colonial empire}} | |||
], an early map of Scandinavia, made around the start of the union with Norway.]] | |||
After Sweden permanently ] from the personal union, Denmark tried on several occasions to reassert control over its neighbour. King ] attacked Sweden in the 1611–1613 ] but failed to accomplish his main objective of forcing it to return to the union. The war led to no territorial changes, but Sweden was forced to pay a ] of 1 million ] ] to Denmark, an amount known as the '']''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011111014/http://smb.nu/svenskakrig/1611.asp |archivedate=11 October 2007 |title=Kalmarkriget 1611–1613 |accessdate=4 May 2007 |publisher=Svenskt Militärhistoriskt Bibliotek |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> King Christian used this money to found several towns and fortresses, most notably ] (founded as a rival to ]) and ]. Inspired by the ], he founded a similar ] and planned to claim ] as a colony, but the company only managed to acquire ] on India's ]. Denmark's large colonial aspirations were limited to a few key ] in ] and ]. The empire was sustained by trade with other major powers, and ]s – ultimately a lack of resources led to its stagnation.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=James Stuart |editor1-last=Olson |editor2-first=Robert |editor2-last=Shadle |year=1991 |title=Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167|accessdate=15 May 2014}}</ref> | |||
In the ], Christian tried to become the leader of the ] states in Germany but suffered a crushing defeat at the ].<ref>Parker, pp. 69–70.</ref> The result was that the Catholic army under ] was able to invade, occupy, and pillage Jutland, forcing Denmark ].<ref>Parker, p. 70.</ref> Denmark managed to avoid territorial concessions, but King ]' intervention in Germany was seen as a sign that the military power of Sweden was on the rise while Denmark's influence in the region was declining. In 1643, Swedish armies ] and claimed Scania in 1644. | |||
In the 1645 ], Denmark surrendered Halland, ], the last parts of Danish Estonia, and several provinces in Norway. In 1657, King ] declared war on Sweden and marched on ]. This led to a massive Danish defeat and the armies of King ] of Sweden conquered both ], ], and much of ] before signing the ] in February 1658 which gave Sweden control of Scania, ], ], and the island of ]. Charles X Gustav quickly regretted not having wrecked Denmark and in August 1658, he began a two-year-long siege of ] but failed to take the capital.{{sfn|Stone|Bain|Booth|Parnell|2008|p=35}} In the following peace settlement, Denmark managed to maintain its independence and regain control of Trøndelag and Bornholm. | |||
] during the Scanian War, between an allied ]-] fleet and the Swedish navy, 1 June 1676.]] | |||
Denmark tried to regain control of Scania in the ] (1675–1679) but it ended in failure. Following the ] (1700–21), Denmark managed to restore control of the parts of ] and ] ruled by the house of ] in the 1720 ] and the 1773 ], respectively. Denmark prospered greatly in the last decades of the eighteenth century due to its ] allowing it to trade with both sides in the many contemporary wars. In the ], Denmark traded with both ] and the ] and joined the ] with ], Sweden, and ].<ref>{{cite web|title=League of Armed Neutrality|url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100056830|publisher=Oxford Reference|accessdate=28 August 2015}}</ref> The British considered this a hostile act and attacked Copenhagen in both ] and ], in one case carrying off the ], in the other, burning large parts of the Danish capital. This led to the so-called Danish-British ]. British control over the waterways between Denmark and Norway proved disastrous to the union's economy and in 1813 Denmark–Norway went ]. | |||
The Danish-Norwegian union was dissolved by the ] in 1814; the Danish monarchy "irrevocably and forever" renounced claims to the Kingdom of Norway in favour of the Swedish king.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenssen-Tusch|first=Georg Friedrich|title=Zur Regierungsgeschichte Friedrich VI. Königs von Dänemark, Herzogs von Schleswig, Holstein und Lauenburg|page=166|year=1852|publisher=Verlag Schröder|language=German}}</ref> After the dissolution of the union with Norway, Denmark kept the possessions of ] (which retained the Danish monarchy until 1944), the ] and ], all of which had been governed by Norway for centuries.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dörr|first=Oliver|title=Kompendium völkerrechtlicher Rechtsprechung : eine Auswahl für Studium und Praxis|date=2004|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|location=Tübingen|isbn=3-16-148311-1|page=101}}</ref> Apart from the Nordic colonies, Denmark continued to rule over ] from 1620 to 1869, the ] (Ghana) from 1658 to 1850, and the ] from 1671 to 1917. | |||
===Constitutional monarchy (1849–present)=== | |||
] in 1848 to adopt the ].]] | |||
A nascent Danish liberal and national movement gained momentum in the 1830s; after the European ], Denmark peacefully became a ] on 5 June 1849. A new constitution established a ]. Denmark faced war against both ] and ] in what became known as the ], lasting from February to October 1864. Denmark was defeated and obliged to ] ] to ]. This loss came as the latest in the long series of defeats and territorial loss that had begun in the 17th century. After these events, Denmark pursued a policy of neutrality in Europe. | |||
] came to Denmark in the second half of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite book|last=Tellier|first=Luc-Normand|title=Urban world history an economic and geographical perspective|date=2009|publisher=Presses de l'Université du Québec |location=Québec|isbn=9782760522091|page=457 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA457}}</ref> The ] were constructed in the 1850s, and improved communications and overseas trade allowed industry to develop in spite of Denmark's lack of natural resources. ]s developed starting in the 1870s. There was a considerable migration of people from the countryside to the cities, and Danish agriculture became centred on the export of dairy and meat products. | |||
Denmark maintained its neutral stance during ]. After the defeat of Germany, the ] offered to return the region of Schleswig-Holstein to Denmark. Fearing German ], Denmark refused to consider the return of the area without a ]; the two ] took place on 10 February and 14 March 1920, respectively. On 10 July 1920, Northern Schleswig was recovered by Denmark, thereby adding some 163,600 inhabitants and {{convert|3984|km2|sqmi}}. | |||
In 1939 Denmark signed a 10-year non-aggression pact with ] but ] on 9 April 1940 and the Danish government quickly surrendered. ] was characterised by economic co-operation with Germany until 1943, when the Danish government refused further co-operation and ] scuttled most of its ships and sent many of its officers to Sweden, which was neutral. The ] performed a ] that managed to evacuate several thousand ] and their families to safety in Sweden before the Germans could send them to death camps. Some Danes supported ] by joining the ] or volunteering to fight with Germany as part of the ].<ref>{{cite web|last=Rugg |first=Andy |title=Traitor Danes: most soldiers return heroes, but this lot came home total zeroes |url=http://cphpost.dk//culture/through-looking-glass/traitor-danes-most-soldiers-return-heroes-lot-came-home-total-zeroes |work=Copenhagen Post |accessdate=30 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129130650/http://cphpost.dk/culture/through-looking-glass/traitor-danes-most-soldiers-return-heroes-lot-came-home-total-zeroes |archivedate=29 January 2013 }}</ref> Iceland severed ties to Denmark and ] in 1944; ] in May 1945; in 1948, the Faroe Islands gained ]; in 1949, Denmark became a founding member of ]. | |||
] in 2007.]] | |||
Denmark was a founding member of ] (EFTA). During the 1960s, the EFTA countries were often referred to as the ], as opposed to the ] of what was then the ] (EEC).<ref>{{cite news |title=Finland: Now, the Seven and a Half |work=TIME |date=7 April 1961 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,874317,00.htm |accessdate=18 July 2009 }}</ref> In 1973, along with Britain and Ireland, Denmark joined the European Economic Community (now the ]) after a ]. The ], which involved further European integration, ] by the Danish people in 1992; it was only accepted after a ] in 1993, which provided for ] from policies. The Danes rejected the euro as the national currency in ]. Greenland gained home rule in 1979 and was awarded ] in 2009. Neither the ] nor ] are members of the European Union, the Faroese having declined membership of the EEC in 1973 and Greenland in 1986, in both cases because of fisheries policies. | |||
Constitutional change in 1953 led to a ] parliament elected by proportional representation, female accession to the Danish throne, and Greenland becoming an integral part of Denmark. The ] ] led a string of coalition governments for most of the second half of the 20th century, introducing the ]. The ] and the ] have also led ] governments. In recent years the ]<ref>{{cite book|author=David Arter|title=Democracy in Scandinavia: Consensual, Majoritarian Or Mixed?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLH4C0mUAC4C&pg=PA52|year=2006|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-7047-1|page=52}}</ref> ] has emerged as a major party—becoming the second-largest following the ]—during which time immigration and integration have become major issues of public debate. | |||
==Geography== | |||
{{Main article|Geography of Denmark}} | |||
{{Hatnote|Also related: ] and ]}} | |||
] | |||
Located in ], Denmark{{#tag:ref|The Kingdom of Denmark's territory in ] is referred to as "Denmark ]" ({{lang-da|egentlig Danmark}}), "] Denmark",<ref name="Administrative divisions – Denmark"> ]. Access date: 14 April 2012</ref> or simply Denmark. In this article, usage of "Denmark" excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.|name="proper"|group="N"}} consists of the peninsula of ] and ] (1,419 islands above {{convert|100|m2|sqft}} in total).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.kms.dk/C1256AED004EA666/(AllDocsByDocId)/1D7EE8822587E667C1256AEF0030ABF6?open&page=strste&omr=KORT_DK_I_TAL |title=Landet i tal – Største øer |accessdate=14 July 2007 |date=23 September 2003 |publisher=]}}</ref> Of these, 74 are inhabited (January 2015),<ref>Statistikbanken.dk/bef4</ref> with the largest being ], the ], and ]. The island of ] is located east of the rest of the country, in the ]. Many of the larger islands are connected by bridges; the ] connects Zealand with Sweden; the ] connects Funen with Zealand; and the ] connects Jutland with Funen. ] or ] connect to the smaller islands. The ] with populations over 100,000 are the capital ] on Zealand; ] and ] in Jutland; and ] on Funen. | |||
], islands and connecting bridges.]] | |||
The country occupies a total area of {{convert|42,924|km2|sqmi|lk=in|sigfig=5}}<ref name=area/> The area of inland water is {{convert|700|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, variously stated as from 500 – 700 km<sup>2</sup> (193–270 sq m). Lake ] northwest of Copenhagen is the largest lake. The size of the land area cannot be stated exactly since the ocean constantly erodes and adds material to the coastline, and because of human ] projects (to counter erosion). ] raises the land by a bit less than {{convert|1|cm|1|abbr=on}} per year in the north and east, extending the coast. A circle enclosing the same area as Denmark would be {{convert|234|km|mi|abbr=off}} in ] with a ] of {{convert|742|km|0|abbr=on}}. It shares a border of {{convert|68|km| mi}} with ] to the south and is otherwise surrounded by {{convert|8,750|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of tidal ] (including small ]s and ]s).<ref name="Nature and Environment">{{cite web|url=http://denmark.dk/portal/page?_pageid=374,520337&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403235436/http://denmark.dk/portal/page?_pageid=374,520337&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archivedate=3 April 2007 |title=Nature & Environment |accessdate=3 February 2007 |work=Denmark.dk |publisher=] |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> No location in Denmark is further from the coast than {{convert|52|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}. On the south-west coast of Jutland, the tide is between {{convert|1|and|2|m|ft|2|abbr=on}}, and the tideline moves outward and inward on a {{convert|10|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} stretch.<ref>Nationalencyklopedin, (1990)</ref> Denmark's territorial waters total {{convert|105,000|km2|0|abbr=off}}. | |||
Denmark's northernmost point is ]'s point (the north beach of the Skaw) at 57° 45' 7" northern latitude; the southernmost is ] point (the southern tip of ]) at 54° 33' 35" northern latitude; the westernmost point is ] at 8° 4' 22" eastern longitude; and the easternmost point is ] at 15° 11' 55" eastern longitude. This is in the archipelago ] {{convert|18|km|mi}} north-east of Bornholm. The distance from east to west is {{convert|452|km|mi|0}}, from north to south {{convert|368|km|mi|0}}. | |||
The country is flat with little elevation; having an average height ] of {{convert|31|m|ft|0}}. The highest natural point is ], at {{convert|170.86|m|ft|2}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nyt højeste punkt i Danmark|url=http://www.gst.dk/nyheder/nyhedsarkiv/2005/feb/hoejste-punkt/|publisher=]|accessdate=26 May 2014|language=Danish}}</ref> A sizeable portion of Denmark's ] consists of rolling ]s whilst the coastline is sandy, with large ]s in northern Jutland. Although once extensively forested, today Denmark largely consists of ]. It is drained by a ], and the most significant include the ], ], ], ] and ]—a river that flows along its southern border with Germany. | |||
The Kingdom of Denmark includes two overseas territories, both well to the west of Denmark: Greenland, the ], and the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic Ocean. These territories are self-governing and form part of the ]. | |||
===Climate=== | |||
Denmark has a ] climate, characterised by mild winters, with mean temperatures in January of {{convert|1.5|°C|°F|1}}, and cool summers, with a mean temperature in August of {{convert|17.2|°C|°F|1}}.<ref name="Denmark climate">{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/klimanormaler-dk/vejrnormal/ |title=Climate Normals for Denmark |accessdate=2 January 2015 |work=]}} Figures, labelled in Danish: First plot is the whole country; Nedbør=Precipitation, Nedbørdage=Precipitation days (>1 mm), (Dag/Middel/Nat)temp.=(Daytime/Average/Nighttime) temperature, Solskinstimer=Hours of sunshine.</ref> The most extreme temperatures recorded in Denmark, since 1874 when recordings began, was {{convert|36.4|°C|°F|1}} in 1975 and {{convert|-31.02|°C|°F|2}} in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/normaler-og-ekstremer/vejrekstremer-dk/|title=Vejrekstremer i Danmark |language=Danish|publisher=] (DMI) |date=6 October 2016 |accessdate=19 October 2016}}</ref> Denmark has an average of 179 days per year with precipitation, on average receiving a total of {{convert|765|mm|in|0}} per year; autumn is the wettest season and spring the driest.<ref name="Denmark climate"/> The position between a continent and an ocean means that weather often changes.<ref name="Denmark weather change">{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/vejr/til-lands/maaned-og-saeson/vejrkorset-efteraarsvejrets-fire-hjoerner/ |title=The weather cross – the four corners of autumn weather |accessdate=17 September 2015 |work=]}}</ref> | |||
Because of Denmark's northern location, there are large seasonal variations in daylight. There are short days during the winter with sunrise coming around 8:45 am and sunset 3:45 pm (standard time), as well as long summer days with sunrise at 4:30 am and sunset at 10 pm (]).<ref name="sunrise sunset">{{cite web|url=http://www.gaisma.com/en/location/kobenhavn.html|title=Copenhagen, Denmark – Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times for the whole year|work=Gaisma|accessdate=24 June 2012}}</ref> | |||
{{Weather box | |||
|collapsed = yes | |||
|location = Denmark (2001–2010) | |||
|metric first=Yes | |||
|single line=Yes | |||
|Jan high C = 3.3 | |||
|Feb high C = 3.3 | |||
|Mar high C = 6.1 | |||
|Apr high C = 11.5 | |||
|May high C = 15.5 | |||
|Jun high C = 18.5 | |||
|Jul high C = 21.6 | |||
|Aug high C = 21.2 | |||
|Sep high C = 17.5 | |||
|Oct high C = 12.3 | |||
|Nov high C = 7.9 | |||
|Dec high C = 4.2 | |||
|year high C = 11.9 | |||
|Jan mean C= 1.5 | |||
|Feb mean C= 1.2 | |||
|Mar mean C= 3.0 | |||
|Apr mean C= 7.5 | |||
|May mean C= 11.4 | |||
|Jun mean C= 14.6 | |||
|Jul mean C= 17.4 | |||
|Aug mean C= 17.2 | |||
|Sep mean C= 13.8 | |||
|Oct mean C= 9.4 | |||
|Nov mean C= 5.7 | |||
|Dec mean C= 2.2 | |||
|year mean C = 8.8 | |||
|Jan low C= −0.8 | |||
|Feb low C= −1.3 | |||
|Mar low C= −0.2 | |||
|Apr low C= 3.6 | |||
|May low C= 7.4 | |||
|Jun low C= 10.6 | |||
|Jul low C= 13.4 | |||
|Aug low C= 13.5 | |||
|Sep low C= 10.2 | |||
|Oct low C= 6.2 | |||
|Nov low C= 3.2 | |||
|Dec low C= −0.3 | |||
|year low C= 5.5 | |||
|Jan precipitation mm=66 | |||
|Feb precipitation mm=50 | |||
|Mar precipitation mm=43 | |||
|Apr precipitation mm=37 | |||
|May precipitation mm=53 | |||
|Jun precipitation mm=68 | |||
|Jul precipitation mm=77 | |||
|Aug precipitation mm=91 | |||
|Sep precipitation mm=62 | |||
|Oct precipitation mm=83 | |||
|Nov precipitation mm=75 | |||
|Dec precipitation mm=61 | |||
|year precipitation mm=765 | |||
|unit rain days=1mm | |||
|Jan rain days=18 | |||
|Feb rain days=15 | |||
|Mar rain days=13 | |||
|Apr rain days=11 | |||
|May rain days=13 | |||
|Jun rain days=13 | |||
|Jul rain days=14 | |||
|Aug rain days=16 | |||
|Sep rain days=14 | |||
|Oct rain days=17 | |||
|Nov rain days=20 | |||
|Dec rain days=17 | |||
|Jan sun=47 | |||
|Feb sun=71 | |||
|Mar sun=146 | |||
|Apr sun=198 | |||
|May sun=235 | |||
|Jun sun=239 | |||
|Jul sun=232 | |||
|Aug sun=196 | |||
|Sep sun=162 | |||
|Oct sun=111 | |||
|Nov sun=58 | |||
|Dec sun=45 | |||
|year sun=1739 | |||
|source 1=<!--|date=Jan 2015] --> | |||
}} | |||
===Ecology=== | |||
{{Further information|List of forests in Denmark|List of mammals of Denmark|List of birds of Denmark}} | |||
{{multiple image | |||
|align=right | |||
|direction= | |||
|image1=Baltic sea coast of skagen.JPG | |||
|caption1=The Danish landscape is characterised by flat, ] and sandy coasts. | |||
|width1=260 | |||
|image2=Grib skov.jpg | |||
|caption2=] are common throughout Denmark, especially in the sparse woodlands. | |||
|width2=184 | |||
}} | |||
Denmark belongs to the ] and can be subdivided into two ]s: the Atlantic mixed forests and Baltic mixed forests.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hogan|first1=C Michael|title=Ecoregions of Denmark|url=http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152021/|publisher=Encyclopedia of Earth|accessdate=26 August 2015}}</ref> Almost all of Denmark's ] have been destroyed or fragmented, chiefly for agricultural purposes during the last millennia.<ref name="Jensen1">{{cite web|last1=Jensen|first1=Christian Lundmark|title=Forests and forestry in Denmark – Thousands of years of interaction between man and nature|url=http://www.nordicforestresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ForestandforestryinDenmark.pdf|publisher=Danish Ministry of the Environment Nature Agency|accessdate=31 May 2016}}</ref> The deforestation has created large swaths of ] and devastating ].<ref name="Jensen1"/> In spite of this, there are several larger ] in the country and, in total, 12.9% of the land is now forested.<ref>{{cite web|title=Forest area (% of land area)|url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS|website=worldbank.org|publisher=The World Bank|accessdate=26 August 2015}}</ref> ] is the most widespread tree (2017), being important in the ] of ]s. | |||
] occupy the countryside in growing numbers, and large-antlered ] can be found in the sparse woodlands of Jutland. Denmark is also home to smaller mammals, such as ], ]s and ]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Animals in Denmark|url=http://www.listofcountriesoftheworld.com/da-animals.html|website=listofcountriesoftheworld.com|accessdate=31 May 2016|date=2012}}</ref> Approximately 400 bird species inhabit Denmark and about 160 of those breed in the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bird list of Denmark|url=http://www.netfugl.dk/dklist.php|publisher=Netfugl.dk|accessdate=26 August 2015|quote=It involves all category A, B and C birds recorded in Denmark (according to SU/BOURC/AERC standard).}}</ref> Large marine mammals include healthy populations of ], growing numbers of ]s and occasional visits of large whales, including ]s and ]s. ], ] and ] are abundant fish in Danish waters and form the basis for ].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Byskov|first1=Søren|title=Theme: Herring, cod and other fish – 1001 Stories of Denmark|url=http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/en_GB/theme/herring-cod-and-other-fish/article|website=www.kulturarv.dk|publisher=The Heritage Agency of Denmark|accessdate=31 May 2016}}</ref> | |||
=== Environment === | |||
Land and water pollution are two of Denmark's most significant ]s, although much of the country's household and industrial waste is now increasingly filtered and sometimes recycled. The country has historically taken a progressive stance on ]; in 1971 Denmark established a ] and was the first country in the world to implement an ] in 1973.<ref>. Marie-Louise Larsson.</ref> To mitigate environmental degradation and ] the Danish Government has signed the ].<ref name="factbook">{{cite web|date=19 January 2012|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/da.html|title=Denmark|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate=4 February 2012}}</ref> However, the national ] is 8.26 global hectares per person, which is very high compared to a world average of 1.7 in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010|url=http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/ecological_footprint_atlas_2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709225943/http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/ecological_footprint_atlas_2010/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2011-07-09|publisher=Global Footprint Network|accessdate=26 August 2015|date=2010}}</ref> Contributing factors to this value are an exceptional high value for cropland but also a relatively high value for grazing land,<ref>WWF (2014): Living Planet Report.</ref> which may be explained by the substantially high meat production in Denmark ({{convert|115.8|kg}} meat annually per capita) and the large economic role of the meat and dairy industries.<ref>AMI (2012); preliminary data for 2011</ref> In December 2014, the ] for 2015 placed Denmark at the top of the table, explaining that although emissions are still quite high, the country was able to implement effective climate protection policies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://germanwatch.org/en/download/10407.pdf|title=The Climate Change Performance Index: Results 2015|author1=Jan Burck |author2=Franziska Marten |author3=Christoph Bals |publisher=Germanwatch|accessdate=9 December 2014 |language=}}</ref> | |||
Denmark has an outstanding performance in the global ] (EPI) with an overall ranking of 4 out of 180 countries in 2016. This recent and significant increase in ranking and performance is mostly due to remarkable achievements in ] and reductions in ] levels. A future implementation of ] improvements are expected. The EPI was established in 2001 by the ] as a global gauge to measure how well individual countries perform in implementing the United Nations' ]. The environmental areas where Denmark performs best (i.e. lowest ranking) are ] (12), ] (13) and health impacts of environmental issues (14), followed closely by the area of biodiversity and habitat. The latter are due to the many protection laws and protected areas of significance within the country even though the EPI is not considering how well these laws and regulations are affecting the current biodiversity and habitats in reality; one of many weaknesses in the EPI.<ref>Nor does the EPI gauge how well the biodiversity is faring compared to a pristine situation.</ref> Denmark performs worst (i.e. highest ranking) in the areas of environmental effects of fisheries (128)<ref>This is 128 out of only 136 countries, as only 136 countries are represented in this area of the EPI report.</ref> and forest management (96). The very poor ranking in the fisheries area are due to alarmingly low and continually rapidly declining fish stocks, placing Denmark among the worst performing countries of the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epi.yale.edu/reports/2016-report|title=2016 Report|journal=EPI Report|publisher=Yale University|accessdate=17 December 2016}}</ref><ref>EPI (2016): </ref> | |||
==Administrative divisions== | |||
{{Main article|Regions of Denmark|Municipalities of Denmark}} | |||
<!--This section only details divisions with an administrate purpose--> | |||
{{Danish regions|float=right}} | |||
Denmark, with a total area of {{convert|43,094|km2|sqmi|lk=in|sigfig=5}}, is divided into five administrative regions ({{lang-da|regioner}}). The regions are further subdivided into ] (''{{lang|da|kommuner}}''). The easternmost land in Denmark, the ] archipelago, with an area of 39 hectares (0.16 sq m), is neither part of a municipality nor a region but belongs to the ].<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonas |last=Michael Kjær |title=Christiansø betaler ikke sundhedsbidrag |date=15 November 2006 |url=http://www.dr.dk/Regioner/Bornholm/Nyheder/Christiansoe/2006/11/15160130.htm |work=dr.dk |accessdate=12 August 2007|language=da}}</ref> | |||
The regions were created on 1 January 2007 to replace the sixteen ]. At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, reducing the number from 270. Most municipalities have a population of at least 20,000 to give them financial and professional sustainability, although a few exceptions were made to this rule.<ref> – Statistics and Maps on ''City Population''.</ref> The administrative divisions are led by directly elected councils, elected proportionally every four years; the most recent ] were held on 19 November 2013. Other regional structures use the municipal boundaries as a layout, including the ], the ] and the ]. | |||
===Regions=== | |||
The governing bodies of the regions are the ] with forty-one members elected for four-year terms. The head of the council is the regional council chairman (''{{lang|da|regionsrådsformand}}''), who is elected by the council.<ref name="brief">{{cite book|title=The Danish Regions – in Brief|date=2007|publisher=Danske Regioner|location=Copenhagen|isbn=978-87-7723-471-2|edition=3rd revised edition.}}</ref> | |||
The areas of responsibility for the regional councils are the ], ] and ].<ref name="brief"/><ref name=regioner>{{cite web|title=Regional Tasks in Denmark|url=http://www.regioner.dk/in+english/regional+denmark/regional+tasks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510023358/http://www.regioner.dk:80/in+english/regional+denmark/regional+tasks|dead-url=yes|archive-date=10 May 2014|website=regioner.dk|publisher=Danske Regioner|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> Unlike the counties they replaced, the regions are not allowed to levy taxes and the health service is partly financed by a national health care contribution until 2018 (''{{lang|da|sundhedsbidrag}}''), partly by funds from both government and municipalities.<ref name=taxation1>{{cite web|title=The Danish Tax System|url=http://ias.au.dk/taxation/the-danish-tax-system/|website=ias.au.dk|publisher=]|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> From 1 January 2019 this contribution will be abolished, as it is being replaced by higher income tax instead. | |||
The ] and populations of the regions vary widely; for example, the ], which encompasses the ] with the exception of the subtracted province East Zeeland but includes the ] island of ], has a population three times larger than that of ], which covers the more sparsely populated area of northern Jutland. Under the county system certain densely populated municipalities, such as ] and ], had been given a status equivalent to that of counties, making them first-level administrative divisions. These '']'' municipalities were incorporated into the new regions under the 2007 reforms. | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" | |||
|- style="background:#ccc;" | |||
! ] name !! English name !! ] !! Largest city <br/><small>(populous)</small>|| Population<br><small>(January 2017)</small> !! Total area<br/><small>(km²)</small> | |||
|- | |||
|| Hovedstaden || ] || ] || ] || style="text-align:right;"| 1,807,404 || style="text-align:right;"| 2,568.29 | |||
|- | |||
|| Midtjylland || ] || ] || ] || style="text-align:right;"| 1,304,253 || style="text-align:right;"| 13,095.80 | |||
|- | |||
|| Nordjylland || ] || ] || ] || style="text-align:right;"| 587,335 || style="text-align:right;"| 7,907.09 | |||
|- | |||
|| Sjælland || ] || ] || ] || style="text-align:right;"| 832,553 || style="text-align:right;"| 7,268.75 | |||
|- | |||
|| Syddanmark || ] || ] || ] || style="text-align:right;"| 1,217,224 || style="text-align:right;"| 12,132.21 | |||
|- | |||
| colspan=6 |'''Source:''' | |||
|} | |||
{{clear}} | |||
===Greenland and the Faroe Islands=== | |||
The Kingdom of Denmark is a ] that comprises, in addition to Denmark proper, two ] constituent countries in the ]: ] and the ]. They have been integrated parts of the ] since the 18th century; however, due to their separate historical and cultural identities, these parts of the Realm have extensive political powers and have assumed ] and administrative responsibility in a substantial number of fields.<ref> – Gesellschaft für bedrohte Völker (GFBV). Retrieved 13 March 2012.</ref> The Faroe Islands gained ] in 1948 and Greenland in 1979, having previously had the status of ].<ref name=stm> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120161948/http://www.stm.dk/_p_10988.html |date=20 January 2013 }} – Statsministeriet – stm.dk. Retrieved 13 March 2012.</ref> | |||
The two territories have their own home governments and parliaments and are effectively ] in regards to domestic affairs.<ref name=stm/> ]s (''{{lang|da|Rigsombudsmand}}'') act as representatives of the Danish government in the Faroese ] and in the ], but they cannot vote.<ref name=stm/> The Faroese home government is defined to be an equal partner with the Danish national government,<ref>{{cite web|title=Act on the Faroese authorities acquisition of affairs and fields |url=https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=20991|website=retsinformation.dk|accessdate=11 June 2014|language=Danish |trans_title =Lov om de færøske myndigheders overtagelse af sager og sagsområder|date=24 June 2005}}</ref> while the ] are defined as a separate people with the right to ].<ref> {{da icon}}. Retsinformation.dk. "I erkendelse af, at det grønlandske folk er et folk i henhold til folkeretten med ret til selvbestemmelse, bygger loven på et ønske om at fremme ligeværdighed og gensidig respekt i partnerskabet mellem Danmark og Grønland.</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;" | |||
|- | |||
! Country | |||
! ] {{small|(2015)}} | |||
! Total area | |||
! ] | |||
! ] | |||
! Premier | |||
|- | |||
| {{flag|Greenland}} {{small|(''{{lang|kl|Kalaallit Nunaat}}'')}} | |||
| 56,114<ref name="Greenland pop"/> | |||
| {{convert|2,166,086|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|sigfig=6}} | |||
| {{coat of arms|Nuuk}} | |||
| '']'' | |||
| ] | |||
|- | |||
| {{flag|Faroe Islands}} {{small|(''{{lang|fo|Føroyar}}'')}} | |||
| 49,079<ref name="Faroer pop"/> | |||
|{{convert|1,399|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|sigfig=5}} | |||
| {{coat of arms|Tórshavn}} | |||
| '']'' | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
==Politics== | |||
{{Main article|Politics of Denmark}} | |||
{{See also|Politics of the Faroe Islands|Politics of Greenland}} | |||
{{multiple image | |||
| footer = {{centre|The Queen of Denmark and her Prime Minister.}} | |||
| caption_align = centre | |||
| image1 = Drottning Margrethe av Danmark crop.jpg | |||
| width1 = 146 | |||
| caption1 = Queen ] | |||
| image2 = Lars Løkke Rasmussen (2009).jpg | |||
| width2 = 138 | |||
| caption2 = ] | |||
}} | |||
Politics in Denmark operates under a framework laid out in the ].{{#tag:ref|Denmark has a ]. Changes to it require an absolute majority in two consecutive parliamentary terms and the approval of at least 40% of the electorate through a referendum.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tschentscher, Axel |url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html |title=The Constitution of Denmark – Section 88 |publisher=Servat.unibe.ch |accessdate=12 February 2016}}</ref>|group="N"}} First written in 1849, it establishes a sovereign state in the form of a ], with a representative ]. The Monarch officially retains ] and presides over the ] (]).<ref>"The executive power is vested in the King." </ref><ref>"The body of Ministers shall form the Council of State, in which the Successor to the Throne shall have a seat when he is of age. The Council of State shall be presided over by the King..." </ref> In practice, the duties of the Monarch are strictly representative and ],<ref group="N">The Constitution refers to "the King" ({{lang-da|Kong}}), rather than the gender-neutral term "Monarch". In light of the restriction of powers of the Monarchy, this is best interpreted as referring to the government Cabinet.</ref><ref> – ''The Danish Monarchy'' (kongehuset.dk). Access date: 16 June 2012</ref> such as the formal appointment and dismissal of the ] and other Government ministers. The Monarch is not answerable for his or her actions, and their ] is ].<ref>"The King shall not be answerable for his actions; his person shall be sacrosanct." </ref> ] ] has been head of state since 14 January 1972. | |||
===Government=== | |||
{{Main article|Folketing|Cabinet of Denmark}} | |||
The Danish Parliament is called the Folketing ({{lang-da|Folketinget}}). It is the ] of the Kingdom of Denmark, passing ] that apply in Denmark and, in limited cases, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Folketing is also responsible for adopting the ], approving the state's accounts, appointing and exercising control of the Government, and taking part in international co-operation. ] may be initiated by the Government or by ]. All bills passed must be presented before the Council of State to receive ] within thirty days in order to become law.<ref>"A Bill passed by the Parliament shall become law if it receives the Royal Assent not later than thirty days after it was finally passed." </ref> | |||
] houses the Folketing, the ], and Government offices.]] | |||
Denmark is a ] with ].{{#tag:ref|The ], while acknowledging that democracy is difficult to measure, listed Denmark 5th on its ].<ref name="Democracy_Index">{{cite web|title=Democracy Index 2014|url=http://www.sudestada.com.uy/Content/Articles/421a313a-d58f-462e-9b24-2504a37f6b56/Democracy-index-2014.pdf|publisher=The Economist/Economist Intelligence Unit|accessdate=23 August 2015|date=2015}}</ref>|group="N"}} Membership of the Folketing is based on ] of political parties,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/da00000_.html|title=ICL – Denmark – Constitution – Section 31. Elections|work=unibe.ch|accessdate=12 February 2016}}</ref> with a 2% electoral threshold. Danes elect 175 members to the Folketing, with Greenland and the Faroe Islands electing an additional two members each—179 members in total.<ref>{{harvnb|Jørgensen|1995|p=16.}}</ref> Parliamentary elections are held at least every four years, but it is within the powers of the Prime Minister to ask the Monarch to call for an election before the term has elapsed. On a ], the Folketing may force a single minister or the entire government to resign.<ref>"A Minister shall not remain in office after the Parliament has passed a vote of no confidence in him." </ref> | |||
The Government of Denmark operates as a ], where executive authority is exercised—formally on behalf of the Monarch—by Prime Minister and other ]s, who head ]. As the executive branch, the Cabinet is responsible for proposing bills and a budget, executing the laws, and guiding the foreign and internal policies of Denmark. The position of prime minister belongs to the person most likely to command the ] of a majority in the Folketing; this is usually the current leader of the largest ] or, more effectively, through a ]. A single party generally does not have sufficient political power in terms of the number of seats to form a cabinet on its own; Denmark has often been ruled by ], themselves sometimes ]s dependent on non-government parties.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b.dk/din-mening/radikale-ved-historisk-skillevej|title=Radikale ved historisk skillevej|work=]|date=17 June 2007|accessdate=17 August 2007}}</ref> | |||
Following a ], in June 2015 ], leader of the ] (''{{lang|da|Socialdemokraterne}}''), resigned as Prime Minister. She was succeeded by ], the leader of the ] (''{{lang|da|Venstre}}''). Rasmussen became the leader of ] which, unusually, consisted entirely of ministers from his own party. In the ], created November 2016, there are several political parties represented. | |||
===Law and judicial system=== | |||
{{Main article|Law of Denmark|Courts of Denmark}} | |||
{{See also|Crime in Denmark}} | |||
Denmark has a ] system with some references to ]. Denmark resembles Norway and Sweden in never having developed a ] like that of ] and the United States nor comprehensive ] like those of France and Germany. Much of its law is ].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orfield|first1=Lester Bernhardt Orfield|title=The Growth of Scandinavian Law|date=2002|publisher=Lawbook Exchange|location=Union, N.J.|isbn=9781584771807|page=14}}</ref> | |||
The judicial system of Denmark is divided between courts with regular civil and ] jurisdiction and administrative courts with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Articles sixty-two and sixty-four of the Constitution ensure ] from government and Parliament by providing that judges shall only be guided by the law, including acts, statutes and practice.<ref>"The administration of justice shall always remain independent of the executive power. Rules to this effect shall be laid down by Statute ..." </ref> The Kingdom of Denmark does not have a single unified judicial system – Denmark has one system, Greenland another, and the Faroe Islands a third.<ref>{{harvnb|Gammelgaard|Sørensen|1998|p=18.}}</ref> However, decisions by the highest courts in Greenland and the Faroe Islands may be appealed to the Danish High Courts. The ] is the highest civil and criminal court responsible for the administration of justice in the Kingdom. | |||
=== Foreign relations === | |||
{{Main article|Foreign relations of Denmark}} | |||
Denmark wields considerable influence in Northern Europe and is a ] in international affairs.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Behringer|first1=Ronald M.|title=Middle Power Leadership on the Human Security Agenda|url=http://cac.sagepub.com/content/40/3/305.abstract|publisher=Nordic International Studies Association / SAGE Publications|accessdate=1 May 2016|date=September 2005}}</ref> In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues such as fishing, ], and geopolitical concerns. The foreign policy of Denmark is substantially influenced by ] of the ] (EU); Denmark joined the ] (EEC), the EU's predecessor, in 1973.<ref group="N">The Faroese declined membership in 1973; Greenland ] the EEC in 1985, following ].</ref> Denmark held the ] on seven occasions, most recently from January to June 2012.<ref>{{cite web|title=Danish Presidency of the European Union 2012|url=http://eu2012.dk/en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103093056/http://eu2012.dk/en|dead-url=yes|archive-date=3 January 2012|publisher=European Union|accessdate=25 May 2014}}</ref> Following ], Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of ]. It has been a founding member of the ] (NATO) since 1949, and membership remains highly popular.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3167.htm|title= US Department of State: Denmark|author= Government of the United States|accessdate=25 May 2014}}</ref> | |||
As a member of ] (DAC), Denmark has for a long time been among the countries of the world contributing the largest percentage of gross national income to ]. In 2015, Denmark contributed 0.85% of its ] (GNI) to ] and was one of only six countries meeting the longstanding UN target of 0.7% of GNI.<ref group="N">As measured in ] (ODA). Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom | |||
exceeded the United Nations' ODA target of 0.7% of GNI.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2015 Preliminary ODA Figures|url=http://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/ODA-2015-detailed-summary.pdf|publisher=OECD|accessdate=1 May 2016|location=Paris|date=13 April 2016}}</ref> The country participates in both bilateral and multilateral aid, with the aid usually administered by the ]. The organisational name of ] (DANIDA) is often used, in particular when operating bilateral aid. | |||
=== Military === | |||
{{See also|Danish Defence|Military history of Denmark}} | |||
] | |||
Denmark's ] are known as the ] ({{lang-da|Forsvaret}}). The Minister of Defence is ] of the Danish Defence, and serves as chief ] official abroad. During peacetime, the ] employs around 33,000 in total. The main military branches employ almost 27,000: 15,460 in the ], 5,300 in the ] and 6,050 in the ] (all including conscripts).{{citation needed|date=February 2016}} The ] employs 2,000 (including conscripts), and about 4,000 are in non-branch-specific services like the ] and the ]. Furthermore, around 55,000 serve as volunteers in the ]. | |||
Denmark is a long-time supporter of international ], but since the ] in 1999 and the ] in 2001, Denmark has also found a new role as a warring nation, participating actively in several wars and invasions. This relatively new situation has stirred some internal critique, but the Danish population has generally been very supportive, in particular of the War in Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://riko.nu/gunnar-olesen-danmark-som-krigsnation-en-parentes-der-bor-lukkes/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215191400/http://riko.nu/gunnar-olesen-danmark-som-krigsnation-en-parentes-der-bor-lukkes/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=15 February 2016|title=Denmark as a warring nation: A bracket that should be closed |author=Gunnar Olesen |publisher=The council for international conflict resolution (RIKO) |date=7 September 2011 |language=Danish|accessdate=1 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.information.dk/236879|title=Denmark is a warring nation |author=Lasse Lavrsen |newspaper=Information |date=19 June 2010 |language=Danish|accessdate=1 January 2016}}</ref> The Danish Defence has around 1,400<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forsvaret.dk/FMN/Verdenskort/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227125607/http://forsvaret.dk/FMN/Verdenskort/ |archivedate=27 December 2007 |title=Forsvarsministerens Verdenskort |publisher=web.archive.org |date=27 December 2007 |accessdate=20 August 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> staff in international missions, not including standing contributions to ]. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force (]), with ],<ref>{{cite book |title=Bosnia: What Every American Should Know |last=Clark, |first=A.L.|year=1996 |publisher=Berkley Books |location=New York}}</ref> and now ].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm |title=Bosnia-Hertsegovinia: The U.S. Army's Role in Peace Enforcement Operations 1995–2004 |publisher=] |id=CMH Pub 70-97-1 |first=R. Cody |last=Phillips |location=Washington, D.C. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209001303/http://www.history.army.mil/brochures/Bosnia-Herzegovina/Bosnia-Herzegovina.htm |archivedate=9 December 2013 }}</ref> Between 2003 and 2007, there were approximately 450 Danish soldiers in ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2007/02/200852514261678446.html |title=Denmark follows UK Iraq pullout |publisher=Al Jazeera English |date=21 February 2007 |accessdate=20 August 2009}}</ref> Denmark also strongly supported ] in ] and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland/2009/02/15/165853.htm |title=Danmarks Radio – Danmark mister flest soldater i Afghanistan |publisher=Dr.dk |date=15 February 2009 |accessdate=5 July 2010}}</ref> These initiatives are often described by the authorities as part of a new "active foreign policy" of Denmark. | |||
==Economy== | |||
{{further information|Economy of Denmark|List of companies of Denmark}} | |||
] bricks are produced by ], headquartered in ].]] | |||
Denmark has a ] ] that is classed as a ] by the ].<ref> World Bank. Accessed on 14 March 2016.</ref> It ranks 18th in the world in terms of ] and 6th in ].<ref>, World Bank. Database updated on 14 April 2015. Accessed on 22 August 2015.</ref><ref> (selecting all countries, GDP per capita (current US$), , ]. Accessed on 22 August 2015.</ref> Denmark's economy stands out as one of the most free in the ] and the ].<ref>, 2012 Index of Economic Freedom. Retrieved 12 January 2012.</ref><ref name="2011-09-20_fraserinstitute" >{{cite web | url = http://www.freetheworld.com/2011/reports/world/EFW2011_complete.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110926213117/http://www.freetheworld.com/2011/reports/world/EFW2011_complete.pdf | dead-url = yes | archive-date = 26 September 2011 | title = Economic Freedom of the World: 2011 Annual Report Complete Publication (2.7 MB) | work = ] | publisher = ] | year = 2011 | format = PDF | accessdate =20 September 2011 }}</ref> It is the 13th most competitive economy in the world, and 8th in Europe, according to the ] in its ''Global Competitiveness Report 2014–2015''.<ref name="wefcomp">{{cite web|url=http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-competitiveness |title=Global Competitiveness Report 2014–2015 |publisher=World Economic Forum |accessdate=22 August 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210040419/http://www.weforum.org/issues/global-competitiveness |archivedate=10 December 2014 }}</ref> | |||
Denmark has the fourth highest ratio of ] holders in the world.<ref>, Shared fourth with Finland at a 30.3% ratio. Graph on p28, table on p194.</ref> The country ranks highest in the world for ].<ref>Kevin Short (28 May 2014). . ''].'' Retrieved 28 May 2014.</ref> ] was the 13th highest in 2009. The country has a market income inequality close to the ] average,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |title=Tackling income inequality. The role of taxes and transfers. |authors=Isabelle Joumard, Mauro Pisu, Debbie Bloch |publisher=OECD |date=2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.dk/files/cbs.dk/new_papers_4.pdf |title=Sources and impact of rising inequality in Denmark |authors=Ioana Neamtu and Niels Westergaard-Nielsen |date=March 2013 }}</ref> but after public cash transfers the income inequality is ]. According to the ], Denmark has ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/index.aspx |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2010 Edition |publisher=Imf.org |date=6 October 2010 |accessdate=5 July 2012}}</ref> As Denmark has no minimum wage legislation, the high wage floor has been attributed to the power of ]s. For example, as the result of a collective bargaining agreement between the ] and the employers group ], workers at ] and other ]s make the equivalent of ]20 an hour, which is more than double what their counterparts earn in the United States, and have access to five weeks' paid vacation, ] and a pension plan.<ref>Liz Alderman and Steven Greenhouse (27 October 2014). . ''].'' Retrieved 28 October 2014.</ref> Union density in 2015 was 68%.<ref>On Sweden and Denmark, see Anders Kjellberg and Christian Lyhne Ibsen in Trine Pernille Larsen and Anna Ilsøe (eds.)(2016) ''Den Danske Model set udefra (The Danish Model Inside Out) - komparative perspektiver på dansk arbejdsmarkedsregulering'', Copenhagen: Jurist- og Økonomforbundets Forlag (pp.292)</ref> | |||
], and the largest exporter of pork products in the EU.<ref> by Karen Hamann – The Institute for Food Studies & Agroindustrial Development. Access date: 23 July 2012.</ref>]] | |||
Once a predominantly ] country on account of its ] landscape, since 1945 Denmark has greatly expanded its ] so that by 2006 industry contributed about 25% of GDP and agriculture less than 2%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Denmark:Economy|url=http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/world/denmark-economy.html|publisher=Pearson Education|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref> Major industries include ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref name="factbook"/> The country's main exports are: industrial production/manufactured goods 73.3% (of which machinery and instruments were 21.4%, and fuels (oil, natural gas), chemicals, etc. 26%); agricultural products and others for consumption 18.7% (in 2009 meat and meat products were 5.5% of total export; fish and fish products 2.9%).<ref name="factbook"/> Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and has for a number of years had a ] surplus while battling an equivalent of approximately 39% of GNP ] or more than ] 300 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/16217/headword/dk/407.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810003332/http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/16217/headword/dk/407.pdf |archivedate=2011-08-10 |dead-url=yes |title=Statens Gæld og Låntagning |publisher=Statistics Denmark }}</ref> | |||
]]] | |||
A liberalisation of import tariffs in 1797 marked the end of ] and further liberalisation in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century established the Danish liberal tradition in international trade that was only to be broken by the 1930s.<ref>Mathias, Peter and Polard, Sidney (eds.) (1989) ''The Cambridge Economic History of Europe''. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.</ref> Even when other countries, such as Germany and France, raised protection for their agricultural sector because of increased American competition resulting in much lower agricultural prices after 1870, Denmark retained its free trade policies, as the country profited from the cheap imports of cereals (used as feedstuffs for their cattle and pigs) and could increase their exports of butter and meat of which the prices were more stable.<ref>{{cite book|author=Baten, Jörg |title=A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present.|date=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|page=23|isbn=9781107507180}}</ref> Today, Denmark is part of the ]'s ], which represents more than 508 million consumers. Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. Support for ] is high among the Danish public; in a 2007 poll 76% responded that globalisation is a good thing.<ref>, Time Magazine</ref> 70% of trade flows are inside the European Union. {{As of|2014}}, Denmark's largest export partners are Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Norway.<ref name="factbook"/> | |||
Denmark's currency, the '']'' (DKK), is ] at approximately 7.46 kroner per euro through the ]. Although a ] rejected adopting the ],<ref name=denmarkandtheeuro>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Euro.nsf/side/Denmark_and_the_euro!OpenDocument |title=Denmark and the euro |accessdate=3 February 2007 |date=17 November 2006 |publisher=] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061116210231/http://nationalbanken.dk/DNUK/Euro.nsf/side/Denmark_and_the_euro!OpenDocument |archivedate=16 November 2006 }}</ref> the country follows the policies set forth in the ] and meets the economic ] needed to adopt the euro. The majority of the political parties in the Folketing support adopting the euro, but as yet a new referendum has not been held, despite plans;<ref>{{cite news |title=Denmark to have second referendum on euro |date=22 November 2007 |url=http://euobserver.com/18/25202|accessdate=22 November 2007}}</ref> scepticism of the EU among Danish voters has historically been strong. | |||
Denmark is home to many multinational companies, among them: ], (international shipping), ] (dairy), ] (toys), ] (industrial services), ] (beer), ] (]s), and the pharmaceutical companies ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|title=The largest companies by turnover in Denmark|url=http://www.largestcompanies.com/toplists/denmark/largest-companies-by-turnover|website=largestcompanies.com|publisher=Nordic Netproducts AB|accessdate=26 April 2016}}</ref> | |||
{{clear}} | |||
===Science and technology=== | |||
{{See also|Internet in Denmark}} | |||
] | |||
Denmark has a long tradition of scientific and technological invention and engagement, and has been involved internationally from the very start of the ]. In current times, Denmark is participating in many high-profile international science and technology projects, including ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
In the 20th century, Danes have also been innovative in several fields of the technology sector. Danish companies have been influential in the shipping industry with the design of the largest and most energy efficient container ships in the world, the ], and Danish engineers have contributed to the design of ] engines. In the software and electronic field, Denmark contributed to design and manufacturing of ]s, and the now-defunct Danish company ] was among the first to develop ] mobile phones. | |||
] is a key sector with extensive research and development activities. Danish engineers are world-leading in providing ] care equipment and medication products from Novo Nordisk and, since 2000, the Danish ] company ], the world market leader in enzymes for first generation starch based bioethanol, has pioneered development of enzymes for converting waste to ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canadianbiomassmagazine.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&Itemid=132&id=3101|title=Novozymes, the world's leading provider of enzymes to the biofuels industry|publisher=|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> '']'', spanning the ] between Zealand and Sweden, is one of Europe's largest life science ], containing a large number of life science companies and research institutions located within a very small geographical area. | |||
Danish-born computer scientists and software engineers have taken leading roles in some of the world's programming languages: ] (], ], ]); ] (]); ] (]); ] (]); ], a pioneer in virtual machines (], ], ]). Physicist ] is the first person to stop light, leading to advances in ], ] and ]. | |||
===Public policy=== | |||
{{See also|Flexicurity|Taxation in Denmark}} | |||
Danes enjoy a high standard of living and the Danish economy is characterised by extensive government ]. Like other Nordic countries, Denmark has adopted the ] which combines ] capitalism with a comprehensive ] and strong ].<ref name="Nordic Model">{{cite web |url=http://www.iea.org.uk/sites/default/files/publications/files/Sweden%20Paper.pdf |title=The surprising ingredients of Swedish success – free markets and social cohesion |date=25 June 2013 |publisher='']'' |accessdate=13 April 2014}}</ref> As a result of its acclaimed "flexicurity" model, Denmark has the most free ] in Europe, according to the World Bank. Employers can hire and fire whenever they want (flexibility), and between jobs, ] compensation is very high (security).<ref name="investindk">{{cite web|url=http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark/10-good-reasons |title=10 Good Reasons to Invest in Denmark |publisher=Investindk.com |accessdate=12 February 2016 }}</ref> Establishing a business can be done in a matter of hours and at very low costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.investindk.com/Why-Denmark |title=The world's best business environment |publisher=Investindk.com |accessdate=5 July 2012}}</ref> No restrictions apply regarding overtime work, which allows companies to operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.<ref name="investindk"/> Denmark has a competitive ] rate of 24.5% and a special time-limited tax regime for expatriates.<ref>, Invest in Denmark</ref> The Danish taxation system is broad based, with a 25% ], in addition to excise taxes, income taxes and other fees. The overall level of taxation (sum of all taxes, as a percentage of GDP) is estimated to be 46% in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skm.dk/tal_statistik/skatter_og_afgifter/510.html |title=Skattetrykket |publisher=Danish Ministry of Taxation |accessdate=24 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531230744/http://www.skm.dk/tal_statistik/skatter_og_afgifter/510.html |archivedate=31 May 2012 }}</ref> | |||
{{As of|2014}}, 6% of the population was reported to live below the ], when adjusted for taxes and transfers. Denmark has the 2nd lowest relative poverty rate in the ], below the 11.3% OECD average.<ref name=OECD1/> The share of the population reporting that they feel that they cannot afford to buy sufficient food in Denmark is less than half of the OECD average.<ref name=OECD1/> With an employment rate of 72.8%, Denmark ranks 7th highest among the OECD countries, and above the OECD average of 66.2%.<ref name=OECD1>{{cite web|title=Society at a Glance 2014 Highlights: DENMARK OECD Social Indicators|url=http://www.oecd.org/denmark/OECD-SocietyAtaGlance2014-Highlights-Denmark.pdf|publisher=OECD|accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref> The number of unemployed people is forecast to be 65,000 in 2015.<ref name="2006forecasts">{{cite book |last=Madsen |first=Bjarne |author2=Svend Lundtorp |title=Arbejdsmarkedet på Sjælland og øerne i 2015 |page=10|year=2006 |publisher=Akf forlaget |url=http://www.akf.dk/udgivelser/2006/pdf/arbejdsmarkedet_sjaelland_oeer.pdf/ |accessdate=3 February 2007|isbn=87-7509-801-6}}</ref> The number of people in the ] group, less disability pensioners etc., will grow by 10,000 to 2,860,000, and jobs by 70,000 to 2,790,000;<ref name="2006forecasts"/> ] jobs are included.<ref>Statistikbanken.dk, tables AB513+ BESK11+12+13.</ref> Because of the present high demand and short supply of skilled labour, for instance for factory and service jobs, including hospital nurses and physicians, the annual average ] have risen, especially compared with the ] 1987–1993.<ref name="BusinessDK">{{cite news|first=Jens |last=Nüchel |author2=Lars Erik Skovgaard |title=Danskere arbejder mere og mere |date=13 December 2006 |url=http://www.business.dk/karriere/artikel:aid=2014652 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120172239/http://www.business.dk/karriere/artikel:aid=2014652 |archivedate=20 January 2013 |work=Business.dk |accessdate=3 February 2007 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> Increasingly, service workers of all kinds are in demand, i.e. in the ] and as bus drivers, and academics.<ref>{{cite news |first=Annette |last=Bonde |title=Virksomheder foretrækker tysk arbejdskraft |date=24 September 2007 |url=http://www.business.dk/karriere/virksomheder-foretraekker-tysk-arbejdskraft |work=Business.dk |accessdate=23 September 2007}}</ref> | |||
The level of ] is dependent on former employment (the maximum benefit is at 90% of the wage) and at times also on membership of an unemployment fund, which is almost always—but need not be—administered by a trade union, and the previous payment of contributions. However, the largest share of the financing is still carried by the central government and is financed by general taxation, and only to a minor degree from earmarked contributions. There is no taxation, however, on proceeds gained from selling one's home (provided there ''was'' any ] ({{lang|da|''friværdi''}})), as the marginal tax rate on capital income from housing savings is around 0%.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dors.dk/sw5855.asp |title=Danish Economic Council Spring Report 2008 English Summary,p. 11 |publisher=Dors.dk |accessdate=20 August 2009}}</ref> | |||
===Energy=== | |||
{{Main article|Energy in Denmark}} | |||
], an offshore wind farm near Copenhagen.]] | |||
Denmark has considerably large deposits of oil and natural gas in the ] and ranks as number 32 in the world among net exporters of ]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=DA |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304094837/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=DA |archivedate=4 March 2010 |title=EIA – International Energy Data and Analysis for Denmark |publisher=Tonto.eia.doe.gov |date=15 May 2009 |accessdate=29 May 2009 |deadurl=no |df=dmy }}</ref> and was producing 259,980 barrels of crude oil a day in 2009.<ref> – indexmundi.</ref> Denmark is a long-time leader in ]: In 2015 ]s provided 42.1% of the total electricity power consumption.<ref> The Copenhagen Post, Retrieved 17. January 2016.</ref> {{As of|2011|05|alt=in May 2011}} Denmark derived 3.1% of its gross domestic product from renewable (clean) energy technology and energy efficiency, or around €6.5 billion ($9.4 billion).<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516123405/http://news.yourolivebranch.org/2011/05/10/denmark-invests-the-most-in-clean-energy-per-gdp/ |date=16 May 2012 }} – yourolivebranch.org. Retrieved 3 January 2012</ref> Denmark is connected by ] to other European countries. On 6 September 2012, Denmark launched the biggest wind turbine in the world, and will add four more over the next four years.{{needs update|date=December 2016}} | |||
] has integrated energy sources such as wind power into the national grid. Denmark now aims to focus on intelligent battery systems (]) and ] in the transport sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.energymap.dk/Technology-Areas/Intelligent-Energy/Plug-in-and-Electrical-Vehicles |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719122621/http://www.energymap.dk/Technology-Areas/Intelligent-Energy/Plug-in-and-Electrical-Vehicles |archivedate=19 July 2011 |title=Plug-in and Electrical Vehicles |publisher=EnergyMap.dk |accessdate=10 October 2009}}</ref> The country is a member nation of the ] (IRENA).<ref name="IRENAstates">{{cite news|title=Global support for International Renewable Energy Agency growing fast|url=http://www.irena.org/Menu/index.aspx?PriMenuID=13&mnu=Pri|date=10 September 2014|accessdate=10 September 2014|publisher=''IRENA''}}</ref> | |||
===Transport=== | |||
{{Main article|Transport in Denmark}} | |||
].]] | |||
Significant investment has been made in building road and rail links between regions in Denmark, most notably the ], which connects ] and ]. It is now possible to drive from ] in northern ] to ] on eastern Zealand without leaving the motorway. The main railway operator is ] for passenger services and ] for freight trains. The railway tracks are maintained by ]. The North Sea and the Baltic Sea are intertwined by various, international ferry links. Construction of the ], connecting Denmark and Germany with a second link, will start in 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title=Denmark-Germany undersea Fehmarn tunnel gets go-ahead|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-33633879|accessdate=19 August 2015|publisher=BBC News|date=23 July 2015}}</ref> Copenhagen has a ] system, the ], and an extensive electrified suburban railway network, the ]. In the four largest cities – ], ], ], ] – ] systems are planned to be in operation around 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ring 3 summary report |url=http://www.ringtre.dk/fileadmin/filer/freesites/ringtre/filer/Letbane/Dokumenter/Resume_UK_final03.pdf |accessdate=12 April 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131909/http://www.ringtre.dk/fileadmin/filer/freesites/ringtre/filer/Letbane/Dokumenter/Resume_UK_final03.pdf |archivedate=13 April 2014 }}</ref> | |||
] is the largest airport in Scandinavia and ].<ref name="cph"/>]] | |||
With Norway and Sweden, Denmark is part of the ] ]. ] is Scandinavia's busiest passenger airport, handling over 25 million passengers in 2014.<ref name="cph">{{cite web|title=Group Annual Report 2014|url=https://www.cph.dk/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616072050/http://www.cph.dk:80/globalassets/om-cph/investor/publikationer/arsraporter_uk/cph_uk_ar_report_2015_03_18_final.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=16 June 2015|website=cph.dk|publisher=Copenhagen Airports A/S|accessdate=19 August 2015|format=PDF}}</ref> Other notable airports are ], ], and ]. | |||
] is a common form of transport, particularly for the young and for city dwellers. With a network of bicycle routes extending more than 12,000 km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm |title=Cykelruter og regioner |publisher=Visitdenmark.com |language=Danish |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315171238/http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm |archivedate=15 March 2012 }}</ref> and an estimated 7,000 km<ref name="vcta">{{cite web |url=http://www.vcta.dk/OmVCTA.aspx |title=Vi cykler til arbejde 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |publisher=] |language=Danish}}</ref> of ], Denmark has a solid ]. | |||
Private vehicles are increasingly used as a means of transport. Because of the ] (150%), ] (25%), and one of the world's highest income tax rates, new cars are very expensive. The purpose of the tax is to discourage car ownership. | |||
In 2007, an attempt was made by the government to favour environmentally friendly cars by slightly reducing taxes on high mileage vehicles. However, this has had little effect, and in 2008 Denmark experienced an increase in the import of fuel inefficient old cars,<ref>{{cite news |title=Tyske miljøzoner sender gamle biler til Danmark |date=9 January 2009 |url=http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE626918/tyske-miljoezoner-sender-gamle-biler-til-danmark/ |work=Politiken.dk |accessdate=29 November 2010 |language=Danish}}</ref> as the cost for older cars—including taxes—keeps them within the budget of many Danes. | |||
{{As of|2011}}, the average car age is 9.2 years.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Transport|title=Statistical Yearbook 2012|publisher=dst.dk |url=http://www.dst.dk/pukora/epub/upload/16251/13tra.pdf |accessdate=3 September 2012 }}</ref> | |||
{{clear left}} | |||
==Demographics== | |||
{{Main article|Demographics of Denmark}} | |||
{{Pie chart | |||
|thumb = right | |||
|caption = Population by ancestry (Q1 2016)<ref name="pop1"/> | |||
|label1 = People of Danish origin | |||
|value1= 88.67 | |||
|color1= DarkBlue | |||
|label2 = Immigrant | |||
|value2 = 9.47 | |||
|color2 = MediumBlue | |||
|label3 = Descendant of an immigrant | |||
|value3 = 2.86 | |||
|color3 = DarkGray | |||
}} | |||
The population of Denmark, as defined by ], was estimated in {{As of|2017|01|01|alt=January 2017}} to be 5,748,769.<ref name="pop1"/> The ] age is 41.4 years, with 0.97 males per female. The ] is 1.73 children born per woman; despite the low birth rate, the population is still growing at an average annual rate of 0.22%.<ref name="factbook"/> | |||
Notably, very few ] children are born in Denmark, with 98% of DS pregnancies aborted in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cphpost.dk/news/down-syndrome-heading-for-extinction-in-denmark.html|title=The Copenhagen Post – Danish News in English|author=|date=|work=cphpost.dk}}</ref> | |||
The ] frequently ranks Denmark's population as the happiest in the world.<ref name="happiness">{{cite web|editor1-last=Helliwell |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Layard |editor2-first=Richard |editor3-last=Sachs |editor3-first=Jeffrey |editor3-link=Jeffrey Sachs |title=World Happiness Report 2016 |url=http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf |publisher=Sustainable Development Solutions Network |accessdate=17 March 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318091325/http://5c28efcb768db11c7204-4ffd2ff276d22135df4d1a53ae141422.r82.cf5.rackcdn.com/HR-V1_web.pdf |archivedate=18 March 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref name=Earth_Institute_2013>Helliwell, John; Layard, Richard; Sachs, Jeffrey . '']'' at ], p. 8. See also: , p. 23.; ''].'' 22 October 2013.</ref><ref name="BruceStokes">Stokes, Buce (8 June 2011). . ''].'' Retrieved 20 September 2013</ref> This has been attributed to the country's highly regarded education and ] systems,<ref name=Taylor>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html |title=Denmark is the world's happiest country – official – Europe, World |work=The Independent |location=London |date=1 August 2006 |accessdate=5 May 2009 |first=Jerome |last=Taylor |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309234926/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-is-the-worlds-happiest-country--official-410075.html |archivedate=9 March 2009 }}</ref> and its low level of ].<ref name=eurogini>{{cite web|title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income (source: SILC)|url=http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=ilc_di12|publisher=Eurostat Data Explorer|accessdate=4 December 2015}}</ref> | |||
Denmark is an historically ] nation. However, as with its Scandinavian neighbours, Denmark has recently transformed from a nation of ], up until World War II, to a nation of net immigration. Today, ] consists particularly of ]s and persons who arrive as family dependants.<ref name=migrants>{{cite web|title=Denmark: Integrating Immigrants into a Homogeneous Welfare State|url=http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/denmark-integrating-immigrants-homogeneous-welfare-state|publisher=Migration Policy Institute|accessdate=24 August 2015}}</ref> In addition, Denmark annually receives a number of citizens from ], notably Nordic countries, the EU, and North America, who seek residency to work or study for a definite period of time. Recently, substantial numbers of workers—several tens of thousands—from the ], especially Poland and the Baltic nations, have arrived to perform menial labour in construction, agriculture, consumer industries, and cleaning.<ref name=migrants/> Overall, the net migration rate in 2015 was 2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population, comparable to the United Kingdom and well below other ] countries, except the Baltic states.<ref name="factbook"/><ref>For comparisons and developments see: {{cite journal|url=http://esa.un.org/miggmgprofiles/indicators/files/Denmark.pdf|title=Denmark – Migration Profiles|publisher=UNICEF|date=2013|accessdate=5 January 2016}}</ref><ref>Statistics on migration only includes people changing citizenship and does not always provide a realistic picture of migration pressure. In Denmark, 5% of the population were non-citizens in 2005, which is a relatively high figure. See {{cite journal|url=http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/events/coordination/4/docs/P12_OECD.pdf|title=Counting Immigrant and Expatriates in OECD Countries: A New Perspective |publisher=OECD |pages=119–120 |date=21 October 2005|accessdate=5 January 2016}} for example.</ref> | |||
There are no official statistics on ]s, but according to 2016 figures from Statistics Denmark, approximately 87.7% of the population was of ] descent, defined as having at least one parent who was born in Denmark and has Danish citizenship.<ref name="pop1">{{cite web|title=Population at the first day of the quarter by municipality, sex, age, marital status, ancestry, country of origin and citizenship|url=http://www.statbank.dk/FOLK1|website=statbank.dk|publisher=]|accessdate=February 13, 2017|quote=January 2017}}</ref><ref group=N name="denonly group=N">This data is for Denmark ] only. For data relevant to ] and the ] see their respective articles.</ref> The remaining 12.3% were of a foreign background, defined as immigrants or descendants of recent immigrants. With the same definition, the most common countries of origin were ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ] and its successor states.<ref name="pop1"/> | |||
{{Largest cities of Denmark}} | |||
{{clear}} | |||
===Languages=== | |||
{{Main article|Languages of Denmark}} | |||
] is the ''de facto'' ] of Denmark.<ref name="Ethnologue"/> ] and ] are the official languages of the Faroe Islands and Greenland respectively.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{cite book |editor1-first=M. Paul |editor1-last=Lewis |year=2009 |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=16th |publisher=SIL International. |location=Dallas, Texas |isbn= 978-1-55671-216-6 |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ |accessdate=27 August 2012}}</ref> ] is a recognised ] in the area of the former ] (now part of the ]), which was part of the German Empire prior to the ].<ref name="Ethnologue"/> Danish and Faroese belong to the ] (Nordic) branch of the ], along with ], ] and ].<ref name="language">{{cite web|title=Language|url=http://www.norden.org/en/the-nordic-region/language|publisher=The Nordic Council|accessdate=7 June 2014}}</ref> The languages are so closely related that it is possible for Danish, Norwegian and Swedish speakers to ] with relatively little effort. Danish is more distantly related to German, which is a ] language. Greenlandic or "Kalaallisut" belongs to the ]; it is closely related to the ] in Canada, such as ], and entirely unrelated to Danish.<ref name="language"/> | |||
A large majority (86%) of Danes speak ] as a second language,<ref>{{cite web|title=Europeans and their Languages|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_243_en.pdf|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=22 May 2014|date=February 2006}}</ref> generally with a high level of ]. German is the second-most spoken foreign language, with 47% reporting a conversational level of proficiency.<ref name="Ethnologue"/> Denmark had 25,900 ] of German in 2007 (mostly in the South Jutland area).<ref name="Ethnologue"/> | |||
===Religion=== | |||
{{Main article|Religion in Denmark}} | |||
Christianity is the dominant religion in Denmark that has a state religion that represents nearly all Christians in Denmark. | |||
In January 2017, 75.9%<ref name="church stats"/> of the population of Denmark were members of the ] ({{lang|da|''Den Danske Folkekirke''}}), the ] church, which is ] in tradition.<ref> – Part I – Section 4 : "The Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the Established Church of Denmark, and, as such, it shall be supported by the State."</ref><ref group="N">The Church of Denmark is the established church (or state religion) in Denmark and Greenland; the ] became an independent body in 2007.</ref> This is down 1.0% compared to the year earlier and 1.9% down compared to two years earlier. Despite the high membership figures, only 3% of the population regularly attend Sunday services<ref name="report 2009">{{cite web |url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/2009/127307.htm |title=Denmark – Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor |year=2009 |work=International Religious Freedom Report 2009 |publisher=U.S. Department of State |accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx |title=Religion in Europe: Trust Not Filling the Pews |last=Manchin |first= Robert |date=21 September 2004 |work=Gallup Poll |publisher=] |accessdate=23 August 2012}}</ref> and only 19% of Danes consider religion to be an important part of their life.<ref name="gallup-religiosity-poor-nations">{{cite web|last1=Crabtree|first1=Steve|title=Religiosity Highest in World's Poorest Nations|url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/142727/religiosity-highest-world-poorest-nations.aspx|publisher=Gallup|accessdate=27 May 2015}}</ref> Baptism in a Christian church ensures automatic membership of the Christian church, unless manually leaving the church anytime after the person in question has turned 18 years of age. Membership of the church also incur paying church taxes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kirkeministeriet: Ind- og udmeldelse|url=http://www.km.dk/folkekirken/medlemskab/ind-og-udmeldelse/|website=Kirkeministeriet|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref> | |||
{| class="wikitable infobox" style="width: 250px; margin-right: 0; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ '''Church of Denmark''' | |||
|- | |||
! year !! population !! members !! percentage | |||
|- | |||
| 1990 || 5,135,409 || 4,584,450 || 89.3% | |||
|- | |||
| 2000 || 5,330,500 || 4,536,422 || 85.1% | |||
|- | |||
| 2005 || 5,413,600 || 4,498,703 || 83.3% | |||
|- | |||
| 2010 || 5,534,738 || 4,479,214 || 80.9% | |||
|- | |||
| 2015 || 5,659,715 || 4,400,754 || 77.8% | |||
|- | |||
| 2016 || 5,707,251 || 4,387,571 || 76.9% | |||
|- | |||
| 2017 || 5,748,769 || 4,361,518 || 75.9% | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="4" style="text-align: left; font-weight: normal;" | <small>Statistical data: 1984,<ref> Danmarks statistik {{da icon}}</ref> 1990–2017,<ref name="church stats"></ref> Source: Kirkeministeriet</small> | |||
|} | |||
] has been the burial place of Danish royalty since the 15th century. In 1995 it became a ].]] | |||
The ] states that a member of the ] must be a member of the Church of Denmark, though the rest of the population is free to adhere to other faiths.<ref> – Part II – Section 6 .</ref><ref> – Part VII – Section 70: "No person shall for reasons of his creed or descent be deprived of access to complete enjoyment of his civic and political rights, nor shall he for such reasons evade compliance with any common civic duty."</ref><ref name=FoR> – The Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs – May 2006</ref> In 1682 the state granted limited recognition to three religious groups dissenting from the Established Church: ], ] and ],<ref name=FoR/> although conversion to these groups from the Church of Denmark remained illegal initially. Until the 1970s, the state formally recognised "religious societies" by ]. Today, religious groups do not need official government recognition, they can be granted the right to perform weddings and other ceremonies without this recognition.<ref name=FoR/> ] make up approximately 3.7% of the population and form the country's second largest religious community and largest minority religion.<ref name="report 2009"/><ref name="muslimpopulation">- '''' and ''Muslimpopulation.com'' – Retrieved 8 June 2012.</ref> The Danish Foreign Ministry estimates that other religious groups comprise less than 1% of the population individually and approximately 2% when taken all together.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp |title=Religion in Denmark |accessdate=8 February 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208030036/http://www.um.dk/Publikationer/UM/English/Denmark/kap1/1-14.asp |archivedate=8 February 2006 |df=dmy }} – From the ]. Archive retrieved on 3 January 2012.</ref> | |||
According to a 2010 ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |title=Special Eurobarometer, biotechnology, page 204 |others=Fieldwork: Jan–Feb 2010 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215001129/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_341_en.pdf |archivedate=15 December 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref> 28% of Danish citizens polled responded that they "believe there is a God", 47% responded that they "believe there is some sort of spirit or life force" and 24% responded that they "do not believe there is any sort of spirit, God or life force". Another poll, carried out in 2009, found that 25% of Danes believe ] is the ], and 18% believe he is the ] of the world.<ref>Poll performed in December 2009 among 1114 Danes between ages 18 and 74, (One in four Danes believe in Jesus), Kristeligt Dagblad, 23 December 2009 {{da icon}}</ref> | |||
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===Education=== | |||
{{Main article|Education in Denmark}} | |||
].]] | |||
] in Copenhagen.]] | |||
All educational programmes in Denmark are regulated by the ] and administered by local municipalities. '']'' covers the entire period of compulsory education, encompassing ] and lower ].<ref name="edu">{{cite web|title=Overview of the Danish Education System|url=http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111062215/http://eng.uvm.dk/Education/Overview-of-the-Danish-Education-System|dead-url=yes|archive-date=11 January 2012|publisher=Danish Ministry for Children, Education and Gender Equality|accessdate=28 April 2016}}</ref> Most children attend ''folkeskole'' for 10 years, from the ages of 6 to 16. There are no final examinations, but pupils can choose to go to a test when finishing ] (14–15 years old). The test is obligatory if further education is to be attended. Pupils can alternatively attend an ] ({{lang|da|''friskole''}}), or a private school ({{lang|da|''privatskole''}}), such as ]s or ]. | |||
Following graduation from compulsory education, there are several continuing educational opportunities; the ] attaches importance in teaching a mix of humanities and science, ] focuses on scientific subjects and the ] emphasises on subjects in economics. ] is similar to ''Gymnasium (STX)'', but is one year shorter. For specific professions, there is ], training young people for work in specific ] by a combination of teaching and ]. | |||
The government records upper secondary school completion rates of 95% and ] enrollment and completion rates of 60%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Education Policy Outlook: Denmark|url=https://www.oecd.org/edu/EDUCATION%20POLICY%20OUTLOOK%20DENMARK_EN.pdf|publisher=OECD|accessdate=27 April 2016|page=4}}</ref> All ] and college (tertiary) education in Denmark is free of charges; there are no tuition fees to enrol in courses. Students aged 18 or above may apply for state educational support grants, known as ''] (SU)'' which provides fixed financial support, disbursed monthly.<ref>Rick Noack (4 February 2015). . ''].'' Retrieved 5 February 2015.</ref> Danish universities offer international students a range of opportunities for obtaining an internationally recognised qualification in Denmark. Many programmes may be taught in the ], the academic ], in ]s, ]s, ]s and ]mes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://studyindenmark.dk/ |title=Study in Denmark, official government website on international higher education in Denmark}}</ref> | |||
===Health=== | |||
{{See also|Health care in Denmark}} | |||
{{As of|2012}}, Denmark has a ] of 79.5 years at birth (77 for men, 82 for women), up from 75 years in 1990.<ref name=WHO>{{cite web|title=Life expectancy |url=http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.688?lang=en |publisher=World Health Organization |accessdate=31 May 2014|date=2013}}</ref> This ] 37th among 193 nations, behind the other ]. The ''National Institute of Public Health'' of the ] has calculated 19 major risk factors among Danes that contribute to a lowering of the life expectancy; this includes smoking, alcohol, ] and ].<ref name="health report">{{cite book|last=Brønnum-Hansen|first=Knud Juel, Jan Sørensen, Henrik|title=Risk factors and public health in Denmark – Summary report|date=2007|publisher=National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark|location=København|isbn=978-87-7899-123-2|url=http://www.si-folkesundhed.dk/upload/2745_-_risk_factors_and_public_health_in_denmark.pdf|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> The large number of Danes becoming ] is an increasing problem and results in an annual additional consumption in the health care system of ] 1,625 million.<ref name="health report"/> In a 2012 study, Denmark had the highest ] rate of all countries listed by the ]; researchers suggest the reasons are better reporting, but also lifestyle factors like heavy alcohol consumption, smoking and physical inactivity.<ref>{{cite news|title = Why is Denmark the cancer capital of the world?|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/8277418/Why-is-Denmark-the-cancer-capital-of-the-world.html|work = The Daily Telegraph |location = London |accessdate = 4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Data for cancer frequency by country |url = http://www.wcrf.org/int/cancer-facts-figures/data-cancer-frequency-country|work=wcrf.org|date=2012|accessdate = 4 January 2016}}</ref> | |||
Denmark has a ] ], characterised by being publicly financed through taxes and, for most of the services, run directly by the regional authorities. ''One'' of the sources of income is a national health care contribution (''{{lang|da|sundhedsbidrag}}'') (2007–11:8%; '12:7%; '13:6%; '14:5%; '15:4%; '16:3%; '17:2%; '18:1%; '19:0%) but it is being phased out and will be gone from January 2019, with the income taxes in the lower brackets being raised gradually each year instead.<ref name=taxation1/> Another source comes from the municipalities which had their income taxes raised by 3 percentage points from 1 January 2007, a contribution confiscated from the former county tax to be used from 1 January 2007 for health purposes by the municipalities instead. This means that most ] is free at the point of delivery for all residents. Additionally, roughly two in five have complementary ] to cover services not fully covered by the state, such as ].<ref name=commonwealth/> {{As of|2012}}, Denmark spends 11.2% of its GDP on health care; this is up from 9.8% in 2007 (US$3,512 per capita).<ref name=commonwealth>{{cite web|title=International Profiles of Health Care Systems |url=http://www.commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Fund%20Report/2010/Jun/1417_Squires_Intl_Profiles_622.pdf |publisher=The Commonwealth Fund |accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> This places Denmark above the ] average and above the other Nordic countries.<ref name=commonwealth/><ref>{{cite web|title=COUNTRY COMPARISON :: LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA|accessdate=31 May 2014}}</ref> | |||
==Culture== | |||
{{Main article|Culture of Denmark}} | |||
{{See also|LGBT rights in Denmark}} | |||
Denmark shares strong cultural and ] ties with its Scandinavian neighbours Sweden and Norway. It has historically been one of the most socially progressive cultures in the world. In 1969, Denmark was the first country to legalise ],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.um.dk/publikationer/um/english/factsheetdenmark/denmarkanoverview/html/chapter05.htm |title=Denmark – An Overview |date=22 September 2007 |accessdate=22 September 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122084309/http://www.um.dk/publikationer/um/english/factsheetdenmark/denmarkanoverview/html/chapter05.htm |archivedate=22 January 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}</ref> and in 2012, Denmark replaced its "]" laws, which it had been the first country to introduce in 1989,<ref>Sheila Rule: – '']''. Published: 2 October 1989. Retrieved 7 June 2012</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://marriage.about.com/cs/samesexmarriage/a/samesex.htm |title=Same-Sex Marriage FAQ |publisher=Marriage.about.com |date=17 June 2003 |accessdate=5 May 2009}}</ref> with ].<ref>{{cite news |title=Rainbow wedding bells: Denmark allows gay marriage in church |url=http://www.rt.com/news/denmark-same-sex-marriage-church-283/ |publisher=] |date=7 June 2012 |accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Denmark passes bill allowing gays to marry in church |author=AFP |url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/390257/denmark-passes-bill-allowing-gays-to-marry-in-church/ |newspaper=] |date=7 June 2012 |accessdate=7 June 2012}}</ref> Modesty and ] are important parts of Danish culture,<ref>. Retrieved 4 December 2008.</ref> so much so that, 'success' or what may be seen as a deliberate attempt to distinguish oneself from others may be viewed with hostility. This characteristic is called ''{{lang|da|Janteloven}}'' or ] by Danes.<ref>{{cite news |first= Mark |last= Scott |title= Signs of Cracks in the Law of Jante | url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/12/18/signs-of-cracks-in-the-law-of-jante/?ref=technology |quote=Taken from a book by the Danish author Aksel Sandemose, the concept suggests that the culture within Scandinavian countries discourages people from promoting their own achievements over those of others. |publisher=The New York Times |date= 18 December 2003 |accessdate=28 April 2016}}</ref> | |||
] ].]] | |||
The astronomical discoveries of ] (1546–1601), ]'s (1815–88) neglected articulation of the principle of ], and the contributions to atomic physics of ] (1885–1962) indicate the range of Danish scientific achievement. The fairy tales of ] (1805–1875), the philosophical essays of ] (1813–55), the short stories of ] (penname ]), (1885–1962), the plays of ] (1684–1754), and the dense, aphoristic poetry of ] (1905–96), have earned international recognition, as have the symphonies of ] (1865–1931). From the mid-1990s, Danish films have attracted international attention, especially those associated with ] like those of ]. | |||
A major feature of Danish culture is ] (Danish ]). The holiday is celebrated throughout December, starting either at the beginning of Advent or on 1 December with a variety of traditions, culminating with the Christmas Eve meal. | |||
There are five Danish heritage sites inscribed on the ] ]: ], the ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/dk|title=Denmark: Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List (8)|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=19 July 2015 |language=}}</ref> | |||
===Media=== | |||
<!--linked from {{main|Media of Denmark}}--> | |||
{{Main article|Cinema of Denmark|Television in Denmark}} | |||
Danish ] date back to the 1540s, when handwritten fly sheets reported on the news. In 1666, ], the father of Danish journalism, began a ]. In 1834, the first liberal, factual newspaper appeared, and the 1849 Constitution established lasting ]. Newspapers flourished in the second half of the 19th century, usually tied to one or another political party or trade union. Modernisation, bringing in new features and mechanical techniques, appeared after 1900. The total circulation was 500,000 daily in 1901, more than doubling to 1.2 million in 1925.<ref name="media1">Kenneth E. Olson, ''The history makers: The press of Europe from its beginnings through 1965'' (LSU Press, 1966) pp 50 – 64, 433</ref> The ] during World War II brought informal censorship; some offending newspaper buildings were simply blown up by the Nazis. During the war, the underground produced 550 newspapers—small, surreptitiously printed sheets that encouraged sabotage and resistance.<ref name="media1"/> | |||
], who co-created the Dogme film movement.]] | |||
Danish cinema dates back to 1897 and since the 1980s has maintained a steady stream of product due largely to funding by the state-supported ]. There have been three big internationally important waves of Danish cinema: erotic melodrama of the ]; the increasingly explicit sex films of the 1960s and 1970s; and lastly, the ] movement of the late 1990s, where directors often used hand-held cameras to dynamic effect in a conscious reaction against big-budget studios. Danish films have been noted for their realism, religious and moral themes, sexual frankness and technical innovation. The Danish filmmaker ] (1889–1968) is considered one of the greatest directors of ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Carl Dreyer:Day of Wrath, Ordet, Gertrud|url=http://brightlightsfilm.com/29/carldreyer.php|work=Bright Lights Film Journal|accessdate=1 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Robert|title=The Passion of Joan of Arc|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-passion-of-joan-of-arc-1928|work=Chicago Sun Times|accessdate=1 July 2013|date=16 February 1997|quote=...Carl Theodor Dreyer (1889–1968), the Dane who was one of the greatest early directors.}}</ref> | |||
Other Danish filmmakers of note include ], the creator of the popular '']'' films; ], an ]-winner for '']'' in 1987; and ], the ]-, ]- and ]-winner for '']'' in 1988. In the modern era, notable filmmakers in Denmark include ], who co-created the Dogme movement, and multiple award-winners ] and ]. ] is a world-renowned Danish actor, having starred in films such as '']'', '']'', the Danish film '']'', and the American TV series '']''. Another renowned Danish actor ] is internationally known for playing the role of ] in the critically acclaimed HBO series '']''. | |||
Danish mass media and news programming are dominated by a few large corporations. In printed media ] and ], between them, control the largest newspapers '']'', '']'' and '']'' and major tabloids '']'' and '']''. ], publicly owned stations ] and ] have large shares of the viewers.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219144649/http://tvm.gallup.dk/tvm/pm/default.htm |date=19 February 2014 }}; Television station viewer statistics, figures for July 2012 (week 28). Retrieved 20 July 2012.</ref> DR in particular is famous for its high quality TV-series often sold to foreign broadcasters and often with strong leading female characters like internationally known actresses ] and ]. In radio, DR has a near monopoly, currently broadcasting on all four nationally available ] channels, competing only with local stations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Commercial radio|url=http://www.kulturstyrelsen.dk/english/media/media-structure-radio-and-tv/non-public-service-media/commercial-radio-and-tv/commercial-radio/|publisher=Danish Agency for Culture|accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> | |||
===Music=== | |||
{{Main article|Music of Denmark}} | |||
]'s ] with the theme from ''Min Jesus, lad mit hjerte få''.]] | |||
Copenhagen and its multiple outlying islands have a ]. The ] is among the world's oldest orchestras.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Royal Danish Orchestra |url=http://kglteater.dk/about-us/the-royal-danish-orchestra |publisher=The Royal Danish Theatre |accessdate=14 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507235232/http://kglteater.dk/about-us/the-royal-danish-orchestra |archivedate=7 May 2014 }}</ref> Denmark's most famous classical composer is ], especially remembered for his six symphonies and his ], while the ] specialises in the work of the Danish choreographer ]. Danes have distinguished themselves as ] musicians, and the ] has acquired an international reputation. The modern ] and rock scene has produced a few names of note internationally, including ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ], among ]. All together, ], the drummer of the band ], has become the first Danish musician to be inducted into the ]. | |||
] near Copenhagen is the largest music festival in Northern Europe since 1971 and Denmark has many ] of all genres throughout, including ], ], The Blue Festival in Aalborg, Esbjerg International Chamber Music Festival and ] among many others.<ref> Gaffa {{da icon}}</ref><ref> VisitDenmark {{da icon}}</ref> | |||
===Architecture and design=== | |||
{{Main article|Architecture of Denmark|Danish design}} | |||
] in Copenhagen. An example of expressionist architecture.]] | |||
Denmark's architecture became firmly established in the ] when first ], then ] churches and cathedrals sprang up throughout the country. From the 16th century, Dutch and Flemish designers were brought to Denmark, initially to improve the country's fortifications, but increasingly to build magnificent royal castles and palaces in the ] style. | |||
During the 17th century, many impressive buildings were built in the ] style, both in the capital and the provinces. ] from France was slowly adopted by native Danish architects who increasingly participated in defining architectural style. A productive period of ] ultimately merged into the 19th-century ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/arkitektur/danish-architecture-an-overview.htm |title="Danish Architecture: An Overview" |accessdate=19 July 2011 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719130528/http://www.visitdenmark.com/irland/en-ie/menu/turist/inspiration/detkulturelledanmark/arkitektur/danish-architecture-an-overview.htm |archivedate=19 July 2011 |df=dmy }}, ''Visit Denmark''. Retrieved 3 September 2011.</ref> | |||
The 20th century brought along new architectural styles; including ], best exemplified by the designs of architect ], which relied heavily on Scandinavian brick Gothic traditions; and ], which enjoyed brief popularity in the early decades of the century. It was in the 1960s that Danish architects such as ] entered the world scene with their highly successful ]. This, in turn, has evolved into more recent world-class masterpieces including ]'s ] and ]'s ] in Paris, paving the way for a number of contemporary Danish designers such as ] to be rewarded for excellence both at home and abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ambhanoi.um.dk/en/menu/InfoDenmark/Danish+Culture/Architecture/ |title="Architecture" |accessdate=6 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206051248/http://www.ambhanoi.um.dk/en/menu/InfoDenmark/Danish+Culture/Architecture/ |archivedate=6 February 2010 |df=dmy }}, Embassy of Denmark, Hanoi. Retrieved 3 October 2011.</ref> | |||
Danish design is a term often used to describe a style of ] design and architecture that was developed in the mid-20th century, originating in Denmark. Danish design is typically applied to industrial design, furniture and household objects, which have won many international awards. The ] is famous for the quality of its ceramics and export products worldwide. Danish design is also a well-known brand, often associated with world-famous, 20th-century designers and architects such as ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>, ''DDC''. Retrieved 4 September 2011.</ref> Other designers of note include ] (1923–2003) in the area of industrial design, ] (1919–2008) for kitchen furniture and implements and ] (1903–1985) who had a classical approach to furniture design. | |||
===Literature and philosophy=== | |||
{{Main article|Danish literature|Danish philosophy}} | |||
] (1836), by ]]] | |||
The first known Danish literature is myths and ] from the 10th and 11th century. ], normally considered the first Danish writer, worked for bishop ] on a chronicle of ] ('']''). Very little is known of other Danish literature from the ]. With the ] came ] whose comedy plays are still being performed. | |||
In the late 19th century, literature was seen as a way to influence society. Known as the ], this movement was championed by ], ] (awarded the ]) and ]. ] influenced the renowned writer and poet ], known for his stories and ]s, e.g. '']'', '']'' and '']''. In recent history ] was also awarded the ]. ] is famous for her novels and short stories. Other Danish writers of importance are ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ]. | |||
Danish philosophy has a long tradition as part of ]. Perhaps the most influential Danish philosopher was ], the creator of ]. Kierkegaard had a few Danish followers, including ], who later in his life moved on to join the movement of ]. Among Kierkegaard's other followers include ] who was impressed with Kierkegaard's views on the individual, and ], who helped create ]. Another Danish philosopher of note is ], whose philosophy gave rise to a new form of non-aggressive nationalism in Denmark, and who is also influential for his theological and historical works. | |||
===Painting and photography=== | |||
{{main article|Danish art|Photography in Denmark}} | |||
]]] | |||
While Danish art was influenced over the centuries by trends in Germany and the Netherlands, the 15th- and 16th-century ], which can be seen in many of the country's older churches, are of particular interest as they were painted in a style typical of native Danish painters.<ref>. Retrieved 12 August 2009. Adopting the ] approach, they present many of the most popular stories from the ] and ]s.</ref> | |||
The ], which began in the first half of the 19th century, was inspired by a new feeling of nationalism and romanticism, typified in the later previous century by ] ]. ] was not only a productive artist in his own right but taught at the ] where his students included notable painters such as ], ], ], ], and ]. | |||
In 1871, ] and ] visited ] in the far north of ] where they quickly built up one of Scandinavia's most successful ] specialising in ] and ] rather than in the traditional approach favoured by the Academy. Hosted by ] and his wife ], they were soon joined by ], ] and ]. All participated in painting the natural surroundings and local people.<ref> Retrieved 9 December 2008.</ref> Similar trends developed on Funen with the '']'' who included ], ] and ],<ref name=Funish> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418012953/http://www.johanneslarsenmuseet.dk/page.asp?sideid=2301&zcs=2200 |date=18 April 2013 }} , ''Johannes Larsen Museet''. Retrieved 12 August 2011.</ref> and on the island of Bornholm with the ] including ], ] and ].<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120162042/http://www.roughguides.com/travel/europe/denmark/introduction-to-denmark.aspx |date=20 January 2013 }} Retrieved 10 December 2008.</ref> | |||
Painting has continued to be a prominent form of artistic expression in Danish culture, inspired by and also influencing major international trends in this area. These include ] and the modernist styles of ], ] and ]. While international co-operation and activity has almost always been essential to the Danish artistic community, influential art collectives with a firm Danish base includes ] (1909–1912), ] (1930s and 1940s), ] (1948–51), ] (1960s and 1970s), ] (1980s) and more recently ] (founded in 1993). Most Danish painters of modern times have also been very active with other forms of artistic expressions, such as sculpting, ceramics, art installations, activism, film and experimental architecture. Notable Danish painters from modern times representing various ] include ] (1840–1920, impressionism and naturalism), ] (1899–1985, expressionism), ] (1899–1986, Neue Sachlichkeit, cubism, surrealism and others), ] (1907–1993, naivism), ] (1912–1993, abstract painting), ] (1913–2007, abstract painting), ] (1914–1973, Situationist, abstract painting), ] (1918–2006, art deco, orientalism), ] (b. 1938, neo-expressionism, abstract painting), ] (b. 1941, pop art), ] (b. 1955, neo-surrealism) and Simone Aaberg Kærn (b. 1969, superrealism). | |||
Danish photography has developed from strong participation and interest in the very beginnings of the ] in 1839 to the success of a considerable number of Danes in the world of photography today. Pioneers such as ] and ] paved the way for a rapidly growing profession during the last half of the 19th century. Today Danish photographers such as ] and ] are active both at home and abroad, participating in key exhibitions around the world.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707000845/http://www.photography-now.com/popup_ausst_5.php?id_ausstellungen=T50624 |date=7 July 2012 }} . Retrieved 28 January 2010.</ref> | |||
===Cuisine=== | |||
{{Main article|Danish cuisine}} | |||
] | |||
The traditional ] of Denmark, like that of the other Nordic countries and of ], consists mainly of meat, fish and potatoes. Danish dishes are highly seasonal, stemming from the country's agricultural past, its geography, and its climate of long, cold winters. | |||
The open sandwiches, known as '']'', which in their basic form are the usual fare for lunch, can be considered a national speciality when prepared and decorated with a variety of fine ingredients. Hot meals traditionally consist of ]s, such as '']'' (meat balls of veal and pork) and ''hakkebøf'' (minced beef patties), or of more substantial meat and fish dishes such as '']'' (roast pork with crackling) and ''kogt torsk'' (poached cod) with mustard sauce and trimmings. Denmark is known for its ] and ] beers and for its ] and ]. | |||
Since around 1970, chefs and restaurants across Denmark have introduced ] cooking, largely influenced by ]. Also inspired by continental practices, Danish chefs have recently developed a new innovative cuisine and a series of gourmet dishes based on high-quality local produce known as ].<ref>{{cite web|title=new nordic recipes|url=http://denmark.dk/en/lifestyle/food-drink/new-nordic-recipes|website=denmark.dk|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|accessdate=15 August 2016}}</ref> As a result of these developments, Denmark now have a considerable number of internationally acclaimed restaurants of which several have been awarded ]. This includes ] and ] in Copenhagen. | |||
===Sports=== | |||
{{Main article|Sport in Denmark}} | |||
], named the best Danish player of all time by the Danish Football Association.]] | |||
<!--This section should be kept short and concise. Consider adding additional text to the main article.--> | |||
Sports are popular in Denmark, and its citizens participate in and watch a wide variety. The ] is ] (soccer), with over 320,000 players in more than 1600 ]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=DIF specialforbunds medlems|url=http://public.tableausoftware.com/profile/#!/vizhome/DIFidraettenital2013-dif_dk/DIFmedl-foren-tal|publisher=Danmarks Idrætsforbund|accessdate=15 June 2014|language=Danish|year=2013}}</ref> Denmark qualified six times consecutively for the ] between 1984 and 2004, and were crowned European champions in ]; other significant achievements include winning the Confederations Cup in 1995 and reaching the quarter-final of the 1998 World Cup. Notable Danish footballers include ], named the best player in Europe in 1977, ], named the "World's Best Goalkeeper" in 1992 and 1993, and ], named the best Danish player of all time by the ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Michael Laudrup bedste spiller gennem tiderne |publisher=DBU |date=13 November 2006 |url= http://www.dbu.dk/news/newsShow.aspx?id=235647 |accessdate=18 November 2012}}</ref> | |||
There is much focus on ], too. The ] celebrated great successes during the 1990s. On the ], Denmark has won eight medals—two gold (in 2008 and 2012), three silver (in 2011, 2013 and 2014) and three bronze (in 2002, 2004 and 2006)—the most that have been won by any team in ] history.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Team rankings|url=http://www.eurohandball.com/2013/article/011996|work=EHF|publisher=European Handball Federation|accessdate=13 May 2014}}</ref> | |||
In recent years, Denmark has made a mark as a strong ] nation, with ] reaching ] status in the ] in 2005 and 2006. Other popular sports include golf—which is mostly popular among those in the older demographic;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dif.dk/OmDIF/Forside/Idraetten%20i%20tal/medlemstal.aspx |title=Om DIF – Medlemstal |accessdate=16 July 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716195104/http://www.dif.dk/OmDIF/Forside/Idraetten%20i%20tal/medlemstal.aspx |archivedate=16 July 2007 |df=dmy }} {{Link language|da}}, ''The National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark''</ref> ]—in which Denmark is successful on a professional level; ]—Denmark joined the international governing body ] in 1951;<ref>, Fiba.com. Retrieved 24 September 2015.</ref> rugby—the ] dates back to 1950;<ref>Bath, Richard (ed.) ''The Complete Book of Rugby'' (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 ISBN 1-86200-013-1) p66. Archived from July 2007 and Retrieved June 2012.</ref> ]— often competing in the top division in the Men's World Championships; rowing—Denmark specialise in lightweight rowing and are particularly known for their lightweight coxless four, having won six gold and two silver World Championship medals and three gold and two bronze ] medals; and several indoor sports—especially ], ] and gymnastics, in each of which Denmark holds World Championships and ]. Denmark's numerous beaches and resorts are popular locations for fishing, canoeing, kayaking, and many other water-themed sports. <!--This section should be kept short and concise.--> | |||
==See also== | |||
* ] | |||
* Denmark gives its name to the ] Age of the ] Epoch of geological time | |||
* ] | |||
{{Portal bar|Denmark|Faroe Islands|Greenland|European Union}} | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{reflist|group="N"|30em}} | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|30em}} | |||
;Bibliography | |||
*{{cite book|last1=Stone|first1=Andrew|last2=Bain|first2=Carolyn|last3=Booth|first3=Michael|last4=Parnell|first4=Fran|title=Denmark|date=2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|location=Footscray, Victoria|isbn=9781741046694|page=31|edition=5th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_gT1lQpZEAC|ref=harv}} | |||
*{{da icon}} Busck, Steen and Poulsen, Henning (ed.), "Danmarks historie – i grundtræk", Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2002, ISBN 87-7288-941-1 | |||
*{{Cite book|last1=Gammelgaard |first1=Frederik |last2=Sørensen |first2=Niels | |||
|year=1998 | |||
|title=Danmark – en demokratisk stat | |||
|publisher=Alinea | |||
|isbn=87-23-00280-8|ref=harv|language=da}} | |||
*{{Cite book|last=Jørgensen |first=Gitte | |||
|year=1995 | |||
|title=Sådan styres Danmark | |||
|publisher=Flachs | |||
|isbn=87-7826-031-0|ref=harv|language=da}} | |||
*{{da icon}} Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, ISBN 87-00-69328-6 | |||
*{{sv icon}} Nationalencyklopedin, vol. 4, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker, 2000, ISBN 91-7024-619-X. | |||
==External links== | |||
{{Sister project links|Denmark|b=no|q=no|v=no|voy=Denmark}} | |||
* | |||
*{{CIA World Factbook link|da|Denmark}} | |||
* entry at '']''. | |||
* at ''Denmark.net''. | |||
* at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''. | |||
*{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Denmark}} | |||
* from the ]. | |||
* at ''VisitDenmark''. | |||
* from ]. | |||
;Government | |||
* | |||
* from ''Statistikbanken''. | |||
;Maps | |||
*{{wikiatlas|Denmark}} | |||
*{{osmrelation-inline|50046}} | |||
* at the ]. | |||
;Trade | |||
* | |||
; News and media | |||
* | |||
* | |||
*{{da icon}} | |||
*{{sv icon}} {{en icon}} | |||
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208174808/http://olddenmark.dk/ |date=8 February 2006 |title=Old Denmark in Cyberspace – Information about Denmark – the Danes }} | |||
;Other | |||
* – library of scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries. | |||
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Revision as of 09:21, 4 May 2017
den handler om en lille pige der bliver besat af fredes æggggemads kostume og dræber sine forældre. faren kommer op og skændes med ægggeemads kostunmet og moren bliver dræbt af en eller anden grund som jeg ikke ved hvad er fordi jeg ikke har set filmen men bare har skrevet det samme som min ven