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And you could have it all
{{about|the singer}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Johnny Cash
| image = JohnnyCash1969.jpg
| caption = Cash in 1969
| birth_name = J. R. Cash
| birth_date = {{birth date|1932|2|26|mf=y}}
| birth_place = ], U.S.
| death_date = {{death date and age|2003|9|12|1932|2|26|mf=y}}
| death_place = ], U.S.
| death_cause = ]
| resting_place = ]
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer-songwriter|guitarist|actor|author<!-- Discuss on talk page before changing. -->}}
| years_active = 1954–2003
| spouse = {{ubl|{{marriage|Vivian Liberto|1954|1966|end=divorced}}|{{marriage|]|1968|2003|end=her death}}}}
| children = 5, including ] and ]
| website = {{url|johnnycash.com}}
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
| allegiance = United States
| branch = ]
| serviceyears = 1950–1954
| rank = ] ]
| unit = 12th Radio Squadron Mobile
}}
| module2 = {{Infobox musical artist | embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| genre = {{hlist|]|]|]|]}}<!-- Do not alter genres without discussion. -->
| instrument = {{hlist|Vocals|acoustic guitar}}
| label = {{hlist|]|]|]|]|House of Cash|]}}
| associated_acts = {{hlist|]|]|]|]|]|]|]|]}}
| notable_instruments = {{hlist|]<ref name="ÜberProAudio">{{Citation|publisher=Über Pro Audio|year=2009|url=http://www.uberproaudio.com/content/view/223/38|title=Johnny Cash—Guitars and Equipment|accessdate=May 15, 2009}}</ref>|1943 ]|]}}
}}}}


My empire of dirt
'''Johnny Cash''' (born '''J. R. Cash'''; February 26, 1932&nbsp;– September 12, 2003) was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author.<ref name = "lastfm"/> He is widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century and one of the ], having sold more than 90 million records worldwide.<ref>{{Citation|first=Stephen|last=Holden|newspaper=]|date=September 13, 2003|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/09/13/arts/johnny-cash-country-music-bedrock-dies-at-71.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|title=Johnny Cash, Country Music Bedrock, Dies at 71|accessdate=February 25, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-25725837|title=More Johnny Cash material will be released says son|work=]|first=Rebecca|last=Jones|date=January 14, 2014|accessdate=February 13, 2016}}</ref> Although primarily remembered as a ] icon, his ]-spanning songs and sound embraced ], ], ], ], and ]. This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of multiple inductions in the ], ], and ] Halls of Fame.

Cash was known for his deep, calm ] voice,{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Although Cash's ] endured over the years, his ] changed noticeably: "Through a recording career that stretche back to 1955", Pareles writes, Cash's "bass-baritone voice from gravelly to grave".{{Sfn|Pareles|1994}}}}{{Sfn|Urbanski|2003|p=}} the distinctive sound of his ] backing band, a rebelliousness<ref name = "Dickie">{{Citation|last=Dickie|first=M.|year=2002|contribution=Hard talk from the God-fearin', pro-metal man in Black|editor-first=M.|editor-last=Streissguth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3pNFreWKHZgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=Ring of fire: The Johnny Cash reader|place=Cambridge, MA|publisher=Da Capo|pages=201–205|origyear=1987}}</ref><ref name="Streissguth_profile">{{Citation|last=Streissguth|first=M.|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBRDZoBeI88C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=Johnny Cash: a biography|place=Philadelphia, PA|publisher=Da Capo|page=196}}</ref> coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor,{{Sfn|Pareles|1994}} free prison concerts,<ref name="Fox">{{Citation|last=Fox |first=JA |date=October 17, 2005 |url=http://www.baylor.edu/pr/bitn/news.php?action=story&story=37416 |newspaper=The Boston Herald |title=Hard time's never a 'circus' |publisher=] |accessdate=March 22, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060920020148/http://www.baylor.edu/pr/bitn/news.php?action=story&story=37416 |archivedate=September 20, 2006 |df= }}</ref>{{Sfn|Streissguth|2005}} and a trademark look, which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black."{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|For Cash, black stage attire was a "symbol of rebellion—against a stagnant status quo, against&nbsp;... hypocritical houses of God, against people whose minds are closed to others' ideas".{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|2003|p=}}}} He traditionally began his concerts with the simple "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash,"{{Refn|group="lower-alpha" | Schultz refers to this phrase as Cash's "trademark greeting," and places his utterance of this line, on Cash's '']'' album, "among the most electrifying in the history of concert recording."<ref name = "Schultz">{{Citation|last=Schultz|first=B.|date=July 1, 2000|url=http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_classic_tracks_johnny|title=Classic Tracks: Johnny Cash's 'Folsom Prison Blues'|newspaper=]|accessdate=March 22, 2010}}</ref>}} followed by his signature "]".

Much of Cash's music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation and redemption, especially in the latter stages of his career.{{Sfn|Pareles|1994}}<ref name="Mulligan">{{Citation|last=Mulligan|first=J.|date=February 24, 2010|type=album review|url=http://entertainment.ie/album-review/Johnny-Cash--American-VI-Ain%27t-No-Grave/6891.htm|title=Johnny Cash: American VI: Ain't No Grave|publisher=entertainment.ie|accessdate=March 22, 2010}}</ref> His signature songs include "]", "]", "]", "]", and "]". He also recorded humorous numbers like "]" and "]"; a duet with his future wife, ], called "]" (followed by many further duets after their marriage); and ] including "]", "]" and "]".<ref name="Cusic_book">For discussion of, and lyrics to, Cash's songs, see {{Citation|editor-last=Cusic|editor-first=D.|year=2004|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYejIsGmjEgC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=Johnny Cash: The songs|place=New York, NY|publisher=Thunder's Mouth}}</ref> During the last stage of his career, Cash ] songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably "]" by ] and "]" by ].

==Early life and influences==

Cash was born on February 26, 1932, in ],{{Sfn|Miller|2003|p=341}} one of seven<ref>Ellis, A. (2004, 01). The man in black: Johnny cash, 1932–2003. Guitar Player, 38, 31–32, 34.
</ref> children born to Ray Cash (May 13, 1897, Kingsland, Arkansas – December 23, 1985, ]) and Carrie Cloveree (née Rivers; March 13, 1904, ] – March 11, 1991, Hendersonville, Tennessee).
He was mostly of Scottish and English ancestry,<ref name = Millar>{{Citation|last=Millar|first= Anna|date=June 4, 2006|url=http://heritage.scotsman.com/people/Celtic-connection-as-Cash-walks.2781119.jp|title=Celtic connection as Cash walks the line in Fife|newspaper=Scotland on Sunday|publisher=Scotsman|accessdate=April 12, 2011}}</ref><ref name= Memoir1>{{Cite book|last=Cash|first=Roseanne|title=A memoir|publisher=Viking Press|year=2010|isbn=978-1-101-45769-6}}</ref><ref name=Manzoor>{{Citation|last=Manzoor|first=Sarfraz|date=February 7, 2010|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2010/feb/07/johnny-cash-scottish-roots|title=Scottish roots of Johnny Cash, the man in black tartan|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=April 12, 2011|location=London, UK}}</ref> and as an adult traced his surname to 11th-century ], after meeting with the then-] of ], Major Michael Crichton-Stuart.{{Sfn|Miller|2003|p=11}}<ref>{{Citation|last=Dalton |first=Stephanie |date=January 15, 2006 |url=http://heritage.scotsman.com/people.cfm?id=66542006 |title=Walking the line back in time |newspaper=Scotland on Sunday |publisher=Scotsman.com |accessdate=June 28, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021235805/http://heritage.scotsman.com/people.cfm?id=66542006 |archivedate=October 21, 2007 |df= }}</ref>{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997|p=3}} Cash ] and other locations in ] bear the name of his family.{{Sfn|Miller|2003|p=11}}

At birth, Cash was named J. R. Cash.<ref>{{Citation|last=Streissguth|first=M.|year=2006|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO15ig_GBI0C&pg=PA31|title=Johnny Cash: a biography|place=Philadelphia, PA|publisher=Da Capo|page=6}}</ref> When Cash enlisted in the ], he was not permitted to use initials as a first name,{{citation needed|date=June 2016}} so he changed his name to John R. Cash. In 1955, when signing with ], he took Johnny Cash as his stage name.<ref name="Streissguth_profile"/>

The Cash children were: Roy, Margaret Louise, Jack, J. R., Reba, Joanne, and ]. Tommy Cash also became a successful country artist.<ref>{{Citation|url= http://www.buddycase.com/cash/johnnyfuneral.html|contribution=Johnny Cash's Funeral|title=Johnny and June Carter Cash Memorial| publisher=Buddy Case|accessdate=January 16, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url=http://obit.harpethhills.com/obitdisplay.html?id=293591&listing=All|contribution=Reba Cash Hancock|title=Harpeth Family Funeral Services|publisher=Harpeth hills|accessdate=January 16, 2009}}</ref> In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in ]. He started working in cotton fields at the age of five, singing along with his family while working. The family farm was flooded on at least two occasions, which later inspired him to write the song "Five Feet High and Rising".{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997}}{{Rp|needed=y|date=December 2012}} His family's economic and personal struggles during the ] inspired many of his songs, especially those about other people facing similar difficulties.

Cash was very close to his older brother, Jack.<ref>{{Citation|publisher=Find-a-Grave|url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=19397312|title=Jack D. Cash}}</ref> In May 1944, Jack was pulled into a whirling ] in the mill where he worked and was almost cut in two. He suffered for over a week before he died on May 20, 1944, at the age of 15.{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997}}{{Rp|needed=y|date=December 2012}} Cash often spoke of the horrible guilt he felt over this incident. According to ''Cash: The Autobiography'', his father was away that morning, but he and his mother, and Jack himself, all had premonitions or a sense of foreboding about that day, causing his mother to urge Jack to skip work and go fishing with his brother. Jack insisted on working, as the family needed the money. On his deathbed, Jack said he had visions of Heaven and angels. Decades later, Cash spoke of looking forward to meeting his brother in Heaven.<ref name="Streissguth_profile"/>

Cash's early memories were dominated by ] and radio. Taught guitar by his mother and a childhood friend, Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of twelve. When Cash was young, he had a high tenor voice, before becoming a bass-baritone.<ref>Gross, Terry (2004). A man's voice. ''All I did was ask: Conversations with writers, actors, musicians, and artists'' (p. 31). New York, NY: Hyperion.</ref> In high school, he sang on a local radio station; decades later he released an album of traditional gospel songs, called '']''. He was also significantly influenced by traditional ] that he heard performed weekly by ] on the ] radio program.{{Sfn|Gross|2006}}{{Rp |needed=y|date=December 2012}}

==Military service==
Cash enlisted in the ] on July 7, 1950.<ref>{{cite web|first=William|last=Abbott|url=http://www.southernmusic.net/johnnycash.html|title=Johnny Cash&nbsp;– February 26, 1932&nbsp;– September 12, 2003|publisher=Southernmusic.net|accessdate=December 31, 2011}}</ref> After ] at ] and technical training at ], both in ], Cash was assigned to the 12th Radio Squadron Mobile of the ] at ], Germany as a ] operator intercepting ] transmissions.<ref>Johnny Cash: The Biography (pg. 42)</ref> It was there he created his first band, named "The Landsberg Barbarians".<ref>{{Citation|last1=Malone|first1=William|first2=Judith|last2=McCulloh|title=Stars of Country Music|place=Chicago, IL|year=1975}}</ref> He was honorably discharged as a staff sergeant on July 3, 1954, and returned to Texas.<ref name="morsecode">{{cite journal|last=Berkowitz |first=Kenny |date=June 2001 |title=No Regrets&nbsp;– Johnny Cash, the man in black, is back at the top of his game |journal=AcousticGuitar.com |issue=102 |url=http://www.acousticguitar.com/issues/ag102/featureA102.shtml |accessdate=June 28, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080812004925/http://www.acousticguitar.com/issues/ag102/featureA102.shtml |archivedate=August 12, 2008 |df= }}</ref> During his military service, he acquired a distinctive scar on the right side of his jaw as a result of surgery to remove a ].<ref name=tasteofcountry>. Retrieved September 24, 2016</ref><ref name=tv> Retrieved September 24</ref>

==Marriages and family==
On July 18, 1951, while in Air Force training, Cash met 17-year-old Vivian Liberto at a ] in her native San Antonio. They dated for three weeks until Cash was deployed to Germany for a three-year tour. During that time, the couple exchanged hundreds of pages of ]s.{{Sfn|Turner|2004|pp=43–44}} On August 7, 1954, one month after his discharge, they were married at St. Ann's Roman Catholic Church in San Antonio. The ceremony was performed by her uncle, Father Vincent Liberto. They had four daughters: ], Kathy, Cindy, and Tara. Liberto stated that Cash's drug and alcohol abuse, as well as constant touring, affairs with other women, and his close relationship with ] led her to file for divorce in 1966.

Cash's career was handled by Saul Holiff, a London, Ontario, promoter, and this relationship was the subject of Saul's son's biopic '']''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://johnny-and-saul.com|title=My Father and The Man in Black|publisher=Johnny-and-saul.com|accessdate=April 25, 2014}}</ref>

Cash met ], of the famed ] while on tour and became infatuated, as did she. In 1968, 13 years after they first met backstage at the ], Cash proposed to June, during a live performance in ].<ref>{{Citation|place=London, UK|last=Sweeting|first=Adam|date=September 12, 2003|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2003/sep/12/johnnycash|type=Obituary|title=Johnny Cash|newspaper=]|accessdate=January 26, 2009}}</ref> The couple married on March 1, 1968, in ]. They had one child together, ], born March 3, 1970. Cash and Carter continued to work, raise their children, create music, and tour together for 35 years until June's death in May 2003. Throughout their marriage June attempted to keep Cash off of amphetamines, often taking his drugs and flushing them down the toilet. Throughout the multiple rehab visits and years of drug abuse, June's love and devotion never wavered. After June's passing, Cash believed that his only reason for living was his music.<ref>Puterbaugh, Parke. "Essential Johnny Cash." Rolling Stone October 16, 2003: 78.
International Index to Music Periodicals Full Text . Web. June 12, 2016.
</ref> Cash died four months later.<ref name="Streissguth_profile"/>

==Career==

===Early career===
]
In 1954, Cash and Vivian moved to ], where he sold appliances while studying to be a radio announcer. At night he played with guitarist ] and bassist ]. Perkins and Grant were known as the ]. Cash worked up the courage to visit the ] studio, hoping to get a recording contract. After auditioning for ], singing mostly gospel songs, Phillips told him that he didn't record gospel music any longer. It was once rumored that Phillips told Cash to "go home and sin, then come back with a song I can sell", although in a 2002 interview Cash denied that Phillips made any such comment.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=832786|title=The Man in Black's Musical Journey Continues|accessdate=February 9, 2010|publisher=NPR}}</ref> Cash eventually won over the producer with new songs delivered in his early rockabilly style. In 1955, Cash made his first recordings at Sun, "]" and "]", which were released in late June and met with success on the country ].

On December 4, 1956, ] dropped in on Phillips while ] was in the studio cutting new tracks, with ] backing him on piano. Cash was also in the studio and the four started an ] ]. Phillips left the tapes running and the recordings, almost half of which were gospel songs, survived and have since been released under the title '']''. In ''Cash: the Autobiography'', Cash wrote that he was the one farthest from the microphone and was singing in a higher pitch to blend in with Elvis.

Cash's next record, "Folsom Prison Blues", made the country Top 5, and "]" became No. 1 on the country charts and entered the pop charts Top 20. "]" followed, recorded in July 1957. That same year Cash became the first Sun artist to release a ]. Although he was Sun's most consistently selling and prolific artist at that time, Cash felt constrained by his contract with the small label partly due to the fact that Phillips wasn't keen on Johnny recording gospel, and he was getting only a 3% royalty as opposed to the standard rate of 5%. Presley had already left Sun, and Phillips was focusing most of his attention and promotion on Lewis. The following year, Cash left the label to sign a lucrative offer with ], where his single "]" became one of his biggest hits and his second album for Columbia was a collection of gospel songs. However, Cash left behind a sufficient backlog of recordings with Sun that Phillips continued to release new singles and even albums featuring previously unreleased material until as late as 1964, placing Cash in the unusual position of having new releases out on two labels concurrently, with one 1960 release, a cover of "]" making as high as No. 13 on the C&W charts. (As opposed to when ] signed Presley and also bought his Sun Records masters when Cash departed for Columbia, Phillips retained the rights to Cash's Sun masters; Columbia eventually licensed some of these recordings for release on compilations after Cash's death.)
] with Cash in 1963.]]
Early in his career, he was given the teasing nickname ''The Undertaker'' by fellow artists because of his habit of wearing black clothes – though he did so only because they were easier to keep looking clean on long tours.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-johnny-cash-20131031|title=10 Things you didn't know about Johnny Cash|accessdate=August 29, 2014}}</ref>

In the early 1960s, Cash toured with the ], which by this time regularly included ]'s daughters, ], ], and ]. June later recalled admiring him from afar during these tours. In the 1960s, he appeared on ]'s short-lived television series '']''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richardandmimi.com/rainbowquest.html|title=Rainbow Quest|publisher=Richardandmimi.com|date=February 26, 1966|accessdate=August 1, 2012}}</ref> He also acted in and wrote and sang the opening theme for a 1961 film entitled '']'', later re-released as ''Door-to-door Maniac''.

===Outlaw image===

As his career was taking off in the late 1950s, Cash started drinking heavily and became addicted to ]s and ]s. For a brief time, he shared an apartment in Nashville with ], who was heavily addicted to amphetamines. Cash used the uppers to stay awake during tours. Friends joked about his "nervousness" and erratic behavior, many ignoring the warning signs of his worsening ].

Although he was in many ways spiraling out of control, Cash's frenetic creativity was still delivering hits. His rendition of "]" was a ] hit, reaching No. 1 on the country charts and entering the Top 20 on the pop charts. It was originally performed by June's sister, but the signature ]-style horn arrangement was provided by Cash,<ref name=pc10>{{Pop Chronicles|10|3}}</ref> who said that it had come to him in a dream. Vivian Liberto claimed a different version of the origins of "Ring of Fire." In her book, ''I Walked the Line: My Life with Johnny'', Liberto states that Cash gave Carter the credit for monetary reasons.<ref>Liberto, ''I Walked the Line: My Life with Johnny'', p. 294. <!-- ISBN needed --></ref>

In June 1965, his camper caught fire during a fishing trip with his nephew Damon Fielder in ] in California, triggering a forest fire that burnt several hundred acres and nearly killed Cash.<ref>"Major brush fire." ''Los Angeles Times'', June 28, 1965, p. 1.</ref><ref>"Control of Brush Fire Near; 700 Acres Burned." ''Los Angeles Times'', June 29, 1965, p. 27.</ref> Cash claimed that the fire was caused by sparks from a defective exhaust system on his camper, but Fielder thinks that Cash started a fire to stay warm and in his drugged condition failed to notice the fire getting out of control.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Hilburn|first1=Robert|title=Johnny Cash: The Life|date=October 29, 2013|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|isbn=0-316-19475-1}}</ref>{{Rp|needed=yes|date=January 2016}} When the judge asked Cash why he did it, Cash said, "I didn't do it, my truck did, and it's dead, so you can't question it."{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997}}{{Rp|needed=yes|date=December 2012}} The fire destroyed {{convert |508|acre|ha}}, burning the foliage off three mountains and driving off forty-nine of the refuge's 53 endangered ].<ref>Johnson, Brett (November 18, 2007), , ''Ventura County Star.'' Retrieved July 9, 2013.</ref> Cash was unrepentant and claimed, "I don't care about your damn yellow buzzards." The federal government sued him and was awarded $125,172. Cash eventually ] the case and paid $82,001.<ref>Williford, Stanley and Howard Hertel. "Singer Johnny Cash Pays $82,000 to U.S. in Fire Case", ''Los Angeles Times'', July 3, 1969, p. A3.</ref> He said he was the only person ever sued by the government for starting a forest fire.{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997}}{{Rp|needed=yes|date=December 2012}}

Although Cash carefully cultivated a romantic ] image, he never served a prison sentence. Despite landing in jail seven times for ]s, each stay lasted only a single night. His most infamous run-in with the law occurred while on tour in 1965, when he was arrested October 4 by a ]s squad in ]. The officers suspected he was ] heroin from Mexico, but found instead 688 ] capsules (amphetamines) and 475 ] (sedatives or tranquilizers) tablets that the singer had hidden inside his guitar case. Because the pills were prescription drugs rather than illegal narcotics, he received a ].
]]]

Cash had also been arrested on May 11, 1965, in ], for ] late at night onto private property to pick flowers. (This incident gave the spark for the song "Starkville City Jail", which he discussed on his live ''At San Quentin'' album.)<ref>Johnny Cash, '']'', ] CS 9827, 1969</ref> In the mid-1960s, Cash released a number of ]s, including '']'' (1965), an experimental double record mixing authentic frontier songs with Cash's spoken narration, and '']'' (1964), with songs highlighting the plight of the Native Americans. His drug addiction was at its worst at this point, and his destructive behavior led to a divorce from his first wife and canceled performances. Nonetheless, he continued to find success and in 1967, Cash's duet with ], "]," won a ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=%22johnny+cash%22&field_nominee_work_value=&year=All&genre=All/|title=Past Winners Search|work=The GRAMMYs}}</ref>

Cash's final arrest was in 1967 in ], after being involved in a car accident while carrying a bag of prescription pills. Cash attempted to bribe a local deputy, who turned the money down; Cash then spent the night in a ], jail. The singer was released after a long talk with Sheriff Ralph Jones, who warned him of his dangerous behavior and wasted potential. Cash credited that experience for saving his life, and he later came back to LaFayette to play a benefit concert that attracted 12,000 people (the city population was less than 9,000 at the time) and raised $75,000 for the high school.<ref>{{Citation|page=5A|place=LaFayette, Georgia|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KtkvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sjEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3615,6191621|newspaper=Rome News Tribune|date=August 14, 1970|publisher=Google News|title=12 000 at LaFayette show}}</ref> Reflecting on his past in a 1997 interview, Cash noted: "I was taking the pills for awhile, and then the pills started taking me."<ref>Gross, Terry (2004). A man's voice. ''All I did was ask: Conversations with writers, actors, musicians, and artists'' (p. 34). New York, NY: Hyperion.<!-- ISBN needed --></ref>

Cash curtailed his use of drugs for several years in 1968, after a spiritual ] in the ], when he attempted to commit suicide while under the heavy influence of drugs. He descended deeper into the cave, trying to lose himself and "just die," when he passed out on the floor. He reported being exhausted and feeling at the end of his rope when he felt God's presence in his heart and managed to struggle out of the cave (despite the exhaustion) by following a faint light and slight breeze. To him, it was his own rebirth. June, ], and Ezra Carter moved into Cash's mansion for a month to help him conquer his addiction. Cash proposed onstage to June at a concert at the ] in ], Canada, on February 22, 1968; the couple married a week later (on March 1) in ]. She had agreed to marry Cash after he had "cleaned up."<ref>{{cite book|last=Zwonitzer|first=Mark|title=Will You Miss Me When I'm Gone: The Carter Family and Their Legacy in American Music|publisher=Simon & Schuster |year= 2002|isbn= 0-684-85763-4}}</ref>

He rediscovered his Christian faith, taking an "]" in Evangel Temple, a small church in the Nashville area, pastored by Reverend Jimmie Rodgers Snow, son of country music legend ]. According to longtime friend ], Cash's 1968 rebirth experience did not result in his completely stopping use of amphetamines. However, beginning in 1970, Cash ended all drug use for a period of seven years. Grant claims that the birth of Cash's son, ] inspired Cash to end his dependence. Cash began using amphetamines again in 1977. By 1983, he was once again addicted and entered the ] in ], California for rehabilitation. Cash managed to stay off drugs for several years, but by 1989, he was dependent again and entered Nashville's ] Alcohol and Drug Treatment Center. In 1992, he entered the Loma Linda Behavioral Medicine Center in ], for his final rehabilitation (several months later, his son followed him into this facility for treatment).<ref name=Grant>{{cite book|last=Grant|first=Marshall|title=I Was There When It Happened&nbsp;– My Life With Johnny Cash|publisher=Cumberland House|year=2005|isbn=1-58182-510-2}}</ref><ref name="John Carter Cash">{{cite book|last=Cash|first=John Carter|title=Anchored in Love|publisher=Thomas Nelson|year=2007|isbn=0-8499-0187-1}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Cash in Treatment|newspaper=Orlando Sentinel|date=November 26, 1989}}</ref>

===Folsom and other prison concerts===
Cash began performing concerts at prisons starting in the late 1950s. His first prison concert was on January 1, 1958, at San Quentin State Prison.<ref name="cash1958">, history.com; accessed June 24, 2014.</ref> These performances led to a pair of highly successful live albums, '']'' (1968) and '']'' (1969). Both live albums reached number 1 on Billboard country album music and the latter crossed over to reach the top of the Billboard pop album chart. In 1969 Cash became an international hit when he eclipsed even the Beatles by selling 6.5&nbsp;million albums.<ref>Edwards, Leigh H. "Cash, Johnny." Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online. Oxford University Press.</ref> In comparison, the prison concerts were much more successful than his later live albums such as ''Strawberry Cake'' recorded in London and ''Live at Madison Square Garden'', which peaked at #33 and #39 on the album charts respectively.

The ] record was introduced by a rendition of his "Folsom Prison Blues," while the ] record included the crossover hit single "]," a ]-penned novelty song that reached No. 1 on the country charts and No. 2 on the U.S. ] pop charts. The AM versions of the latter contained profanities which were edited out. The modern CD versions are unedited and thus also longer than the original vinyl albums, though they retain the audience reaction overdubs of the originals.

Cash performed at the ] in Sweden in 1972. The live album '']'' ("At Österåker") was released in 1973. "San Quentin" was recorded with Cash replacing "San Quentin" with "Österåker". In 1976, a further prison concert, this time at Tennessee Prison, was videotaped for TV broadcast and received a belated CD release after Cash's death as '']''.

===Activism for Native Americans===
In 1965, Cash and June Carter appeared on ]'s TV show, '']'', on which Cash explained his start as an activist for Native Americans:

{{quote |In '57, I wrote a song called 'Old Apache Squaw' and then forgot the so-called Indian protest for a while, but nobody else seemed to speak up with any volume of voice.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cash|first1=Johnny|title=Johnny and June Carter Cash on Pete Seeger's Rainbow Quest|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQq0dw7rmtc|website=Youtube|accessdate=October 16, 2014}}</ref>}}

Columbia, the label for which Cash was recording then, was opposed to putting the song on his next album, considering it "too radical for the public".<ref>Cash, J., & Carr, P. (1997). Cash: The autobiography (p. 408). San Francisco, CA: HarperSanFrancisco.
</ref> Cash singing songs of Indian tragedy and settler violence went radically against the mainstream of country music in the 1950s, which was dominated by the image of the righteous cowboy who simply makes the native's soil his own.<ref>
Tahmahkera, D. (2011). Volume 63. In ''American Quarterly'' (p. 597). Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.</ref>
In 1964, coming off the chart success that his previous album "]" had been, he recorded the aforementioned album '']''.

The album featured stories of a multitude of native peoples, mostly of their violent oppression by white settlers: The Pima ("]"), Navajo ("Navajo"), Apache ("Apache Tears"), Lakota ("Big Foot"), Seneca ("As Long as the Grass Shall Grow"), and Cherokee ("Talking Leaves"). Cash wrote three of the songs himself and one with the help of ], but the majority of the protest songs were written by folk artist ]<ref name="Writers Credits to Bitter Tears">{{cite web|title=Johnny Cash – Bitter Tears – Ballads of the American Indian|url=http://www.discogs.com/Johnny-Cash-Bitter-Tears-Ballads-Of-The-American-Indian/release/722807|website=www.discogs.com|accessdate=October 16, 2014}}</ref> (son of activist and Pulitzer prizewinner ]), whom Cash met in New York in the 1960s and whom he admired for his activism.<ref>(1965). Johnny Cash and June Carter . In Rainbow Quest.Pete Seeger. From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQq0dw7rmtc</ref> The album's single, "The Ballad of Ira Hayes," was neglected by non-political radio at the time, and the record label denied it any promotion due to its provocative protesting and thus "unappealing" nature.<ref>Look Again To The Wind: Johnny Cash's Bitter Tears Revisited. (July 8, 2014). Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://www.sony.com/SCA/company-news/press-releases/sony-music-masterworks/2014/look-again-to-the-wind-johnny-cashs-bitter-tears-r.shtml</ref> Cash faced resistance and was even urged by an editor of a country music magazine to leave the ]: "You and your crowd are just too intelligent to associate with plain country folks, country artists, and country DJs."<ref name="auto">The Bitter Tears of Johnny Cash. (November 8, 2009). Retrieved October 16, 2014, from http://www.salon.com/2009/11/09/johnny_cash_2/</ref>

In reaction, on August 22, 1964, the singer posted a letter as an advertisement in ], calling the record industry cowardly. "D.J.s – station managers – owners&nbsp;... where are your guts?" he demands. "I had to fight back when I realized that so many stations are afraid of Ira Hayes. Just one question: WHY???" He concludes the letter, "Ira Hayes is strong medicine&nbsp;... So is Rochester, Harlem, Birmingham and Vietnam." <ref>
Tahmahkera, D. (2011). Volume 63. In ''American Quarterly'' (pp. 598–599). Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.</ref> Cash kept promoting the song himself and used his influence on radio disc jockeys he knew eventually to make the song climb to number three on the ], while the album rose to number two on the ].<ref name="auto"/>
]
Later, on '']'', he continued telling stories of Native-American plight, both in song and through short films, such as the history of the ].<ref>
(1970). . In The Johnny Cash Show.Johnny Cash. From https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-yz7xYzEEZo&list=LLwSdCgA8WpUDjjX6Il2AhXA&index=3</ref>

In 1966, in response to his activism, the singer was adopted by the Seneca Nation's Turtle Clan. He performed benefits in 1968 at the Rosebud Reservation, close to the historical landmark of the massacre at ], to raise money to help build a school. He also played at the ] in the 1980s.<ref>Tahmahkera, D. (2011). Volume 63. In ''American Quarterly'' (pp. 592). Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
</ref>

In 1970, Cash recording a reading of John G. Burnett's 1890 80th birthday essay <ref>{{cite web|last1=Burnett|first1=John G.|title=Birthday Story of Private John G. Burnett, Captain Abraham McClellan's Company, 2nd Regiment, 2nd Brigade, Mounted Infantry, Cherokee Indian Removal, 1838–39.|url=http://www.creoliste.fr/docs/essays/Trail_of_Tears.html|website=Creoliste|accessdate=November 4, 2016|date=December 11, 1890}}</ref> on ] for the Historical Landmarks Association (Nashville).<ref>{{cite web|title=Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian|url=http://thebluegrassspecial.com/archive/2010/august10/videosaugust10.php|website=The Bluegrass Special|accessdate=November 4, 2016|date=August 2010}}</ref>

==="The Man in Black"===
] at his July 1972 meeting with United States President ]]]
From 1969 to 1971, Cash starred in his own television show, '']'', on the ] network. ] opened up for him in every episode; the Carter Family and rockabilly legend ] were also part of the regular show entourage. Cash also enjoyed booking mainstream performers as guests; including ], ], ], ] (who appeared four times), ], ], ], ], ], and ]. During the same period, he contributed the title song and other songs to the film ''Little Fauss and Big Halsey'', which starred ], ], and ]. The title song, "''The Ballad of Little Fauss and Big Halsey''," written by Carl Perkins, was nominated for a Golden Globe award.<ref name="imdb"/>

Cash had met with Dylan in the mid-1960s and became closer friends when they were neighbors in the late 1960s in ]. Cash was enthusiastic about reintroducing the reclusive Dylan to his audience. Cash sang a duet with Dylan on Dylan's country album '']'' and also wrote the album's ]-winning ].

Another artist who received a major career boost from ''The Johnny Cash Show'' was ], who was beginning to make a name for himself as a singer-songwriter. During a live performance of Kristofferson's "]," Cash refused to change the lyrics to suit network executives, singing the song with its references to ] intact:
{{quote |<poem>On a Sunday morning sidewalk
I'm wishin', Lord, that I was stoned.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Best of the Johnny Cash TV Show 1969–1971|volume=Disc 1 (of 2)|publisher=Reverse Angle Production|year=2007}}</ref></poem>}}

By the early 1970s, he had crystallized his public image as "The Man in Black." He regularly performed dressed all in black, wearing a long black knee-length coat. This outfit stood in contrast to the costumes worn by most of the major country acts in his day: ] suits and ]. In 1971, Cash wrote the song "]," to help explain his dress code:
{{quote |<poem>We're doing mighty fine I do suppose
In our streak of lightning cars and fancy clothes
But just so we're reminded of the ones who are held back
Up front there ought to be a man in black.</poem>}}

], West Germany, in September 1972]]
He wore 'black' on behalf of the ] and ], on behalf of "the prisoner who has long paid for his crime," and on behalf of those who have been betrayed by age or drugs.{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997|pp=85–86}} "And," Cash added, "with the ] as painful in my mind as it was in most other Americans, I wore it 'in mournin' for the lives that could have been'&nbsp;... Apart from the Vietnam War being over, I don't see much reason to change my position&nbsp;... The old are still neglected, the poor are still poor, the young are still dying before their time, and we're not making many moves to make things right. There's still plenty of darkness to carry off."{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997|pp=85–86}}
]
He and his band had initially worn black shirts because that was the only matching color they had among their various outfits. He wore other colors on stage early in his career, but he claimed to like wearing black both on and off stage. He stated that political reasons aside, he simply liked black as his on-stage color.{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997}} {{Rp|needed=yes|date=December 2012}} The outdated ] used to be referred to by sailors as "Johnny Cashes," as the uniform's shirt, tie, and trousers are solid black.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.navytimes.com/legacy/new/0-NAVYPAPER-356961.php|title=The good, bad and ugly of proposed uniforms|newspaper=Navy Times|date=October 4, 2004}}</ref>

In the mid-1970s, Cash's popularity and number of hit songs began to decline. He made commercials for ] and ], an unpopular enterprise at the time of the ]. In 1976 he made commercials for ], for which he also wrote the music.<ref>{{cite book|title=Lionel Trains: A Pictorial History of Trains and Their Collectors|page=19|author=Turner Publishing|publisher=Turner Publishing Company|year=2004|isbn=1-56311-958-7}}</ref> However, his first autobiography, ''Man in Black'', was published in 1975 and sold 1.3&nbsp;million copies. A second, ''Cash: The Autobiography'', appeared in 1997.

His friendship with ] <ref>Allmond, Joy. September 13, 2015. Johnny Cash's Faith and Friendship with Billy Graham. Billy Graham Evangelistic Association. https://billygraham.org/story/johnny-cashs-faith-and-friendship-with-billy-graham/</ref> led to the production of a film about the life of Jesus, '']'', which Cash co-wrote and narrated. Cash and June Carter Cash appeared several times on the ''Billy Graham Crusade'' TV specials, and Cash continued to include gospel and religious songs on many of his albums, though Columbia declined to release '']'', a gospel double-LP Cash recorded in 1979 and which ended up being released on an independent label even with Cash still under contract to Columbia. On November 22, 1974, CBS ran his one-hour TV special entitled "Riding The Rails", a musical history of trains.

He continued to appear on television, hosting Christmas specials on ] in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Later television appearances included a starring role in an episode of '']'', entitled "Swan Song". He and June appeared in an episode of '']'', entitled "The Collection". He gave a performance as ] in the 1985 ] television mini-series '']''. Johnny and June also appeared in '']'' in recurring roles.<ref name="imdb"/>

He was friendly with every US President starting with ]. He was closest to ], with whom he became close friends and who was a distant cousin of his wife, ].{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997}}

When invited to perform at the ] for the first time in 1970,<ref>{{Citation|url=http://blog.nixonfoundation.org/2011/04/rn-welcomes-the-man-in-black-to-the-white-house |title=Nixon Welcomes 'The Man in Black' to the White House |publisher=Nixon Foundation |date=April 17, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822051122/http://blog.nixonfoundation.org/2011/04/rn-welcomes-the-man-in-black-to-the-white-house/ |archivedate=August 22, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Richard Nixon's office requested that he play "]" (a satirical ] song about people who despised youthful drug users and war protesters), "Welfare Cadillac" (a Guy Drake song which denies the integrity of welfare recipients), and "A Boy Named Sue." Cash declined to play the first two and instead selected other songs, including "The Ballad of ]" (about a brave ] ] veteran who was mistreated upon his return to ]), and his own compositions, "]" and "Man in Black". Cash wrote that the reasons for denying Nixon's song choices were not knowing them and having fairly short notice to rehearse them, rather than any political reason.{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|1997}}{{Rp|needed=yes|date=December 2012}} However, Cash added, even if Nixon's office had given Cash enough time to learn and rehearse the songs, their choice of pieces that conveyed "] and ]" sentiments might have backfired.{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|2003|p=212}} In his remarks when introducing Cash, Nixon joked that one thing he'd learned about the singer was one didn't tell him what to sing.<ref>], April 17, 1970, released on Johnny Cash, ''Bootleg Vol. III: Live Around the World'' (]/Legacy 88697 93033 2), released 2011</ref>

===Highwaymen and departure from Columbia Records===
] members ], Johnny Cash, ], ]]]
In 1980, Cash became the ] youngest living inductee at age 48. But during the 1980s, his records failed to make a major impact on the country charts, although he continued to tour successfully. In the mid-1980s, he recorded and toured with ], ], and ] as ], making three hit albums which were released beginning with the originally titled "Highwaymen" in 1985, followed by "Highwaymen 2" in 1990, and concluding with "Highwaymen&nbsp;– The Road Goes on forever" in 1995. Of the group's four members, Cash was the only non-Texan.

During that period, Cash appeared in a number of television films. In 1981, he starred in '']'', winning fine reviews for a film that called attention to adult ]. In the same year, Cash appeared as a "very special guest star" in an episode of the '']''. In 1983, he appeared as a heroic sheriff in '']'', based on a real-life Georgia murder case, which co-starred ] as his nemesis and featured June Carter in a small but important role. Cash had tried for years to make the film, for which he won acclaim.<ref name="imdb"/>

Cash relapsed into addiction after being administered painkillers for a serious abdominal injury in 1983 caused by an unusual incident in which he was kicked and wounded by an ostrich he kept on his farm.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.exclaim.ca/index.asp?layid=22&csid=1&csid1=439|title=Johnny Cash: The Rebel|publisher=Exclaim.ca|place=Canada|page=3}}</ref>

At a hospital visit in 1988, this time to watch over Waylon Jennings (who was recovering from a heart attack), Jennings suggested that Cash has himself checked into the hospital for his own heart condition. Doctors recommended preventive heart surgery, and Cash underwent ] in the same hospital. Both recovered, although Cash refused to use any prescription painkillers, fearing a relapse into dependency. Cash later claimed that during his operation, he had what is called a "]".

Cash's recording career and his general relationship with the Nashville establishment were at an all-time low in the 1980s. He realized that his record label of nearly 30 years, Columbia, was growing indifferent to him and was not properly marketing him (he was "invisible" during that time, as he said in his autobiography).

{{Anchor|Chicken in Black}}
In 1984, Cash released a self-parody recording titled "Chicken in Black," about Cash's brain being transplanted into a chicken and Cash receiving a bank robber's brain in return. Biographer Robert Hilburn, in the 2013-published ''Johnny Cash: The Life'' disputes the claim made that Cash chose to record an intentionally poor song in protest of Columbia's treatment of him. On the contrary, Hilburn writes, it was Columbia that presented Cash with the song, which Cash – who had previously scored major chart hits with comedic material such as "A Boy Named Sue" and "One Piece at a Time" – accepted enthusiastically, performing the song live on stage and filming a comedic music video in which he dresses up in a superhero-like bank robber costume. According to Hilburn, Cash's enthusiasm for the song waned after ] told Cash he looked "like a buffoon" in the music video (which was showcased during Cash's 1984 Christmas TV special), and Cash subsequently demanded that Columbia withdraw the music video from broadcast and recall the single from stores—interrupting its bona fide chart success—and termed the venture "a fiasco."<ref>Robert Hilburn, ''Johnny Cash: The Life''. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2013, p. 500–502</ref>

Between 1981 and 1984, he recorded several sessions with famed ] producer ] (who also produced "Chicken in Black") which were shelved; they would be released by Columbia's sister label, ], in 2014 as '']''.<ref name="ats">{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-johnny-cash-lost-album-out-among-the-stars-20131210,0,2223681.story|title='Lost' Early-'80s Johnny Cash Album Slated for March 25 Release|last=Lewis|first=Randy|date=December 10, 2013 |work=]|publisher=]}}</ref> Around this time, Cash also recorded ] that ended up being released by another label around the time of his departure from Columbia (this due to Columbia closing down its Priority Records division that was to have released the recordings).

After more unsuccessful recordings were released in 1984–85, Cash left Columbia (At least as a solo artist; he continued to record for Columbia on non-solo projects until as late as 1990, recording a duets album with ] and two albums as a member of ].)

In 1986, Cash returned to Sun Studios in Memphis to team up with ], ], and ] to create the album '']''; according to Hilburn, Columbia still had Cash under contract at the time, so special arrangements had to be made to allow him to participate.<ref>Hilburn, p. 506</ref> Also in 1986, Cash published his only novel, ''Man in White'', a book about ] and his conversion to become the Apostle Paul. He recorded ''Johnny Cash Reads The Complete ]'' in 1990.

===''American Recordings''===
]
After ] dropped Cash from his recording contract, he had a short and unsuccessful stint with ] from 1987 to 1991. During this time, he recorded an album of new versions of some of his best-known Sun and Columbia hits, as well as '']'', a duets album that paired him with, among others, his children ] and ], as well as ]. A ] recorded for ] followed his Mercury contract.

His career was rejuvenated in the 1990s, leading to popularity with an audience which was not traditionally considered interested in country music. In 1991, he sang a version of "Man in Black" for the ] band ]'s album ''I Scream Sunday''. In 1993, he sang "The Wanderer" on ]'s album '']''. Although no longer sought after by major labels, he was offered a contract with producer ]'s ] label, which had recently been rebranded from Def American, under which name it was better known for rap and ].

Under Rubin's supervision, he recorded '']'' (1994) in his living room, accompanied only by his Martin Dreadnought guitar&nbsp;– one of many Cash played throughout his career.<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.fretbase.com/fretbase/2008/08/the-guitars-of.html |publisher=Fretbase.com |title=The Guitars of Johnny Cash |date=August 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001225814/http://www.fretbase.com/fretbase/2008/08/the-guitars-of.html |archivedate=October 1, 2008 |df= }}</ref> The album featured covers of contemporary artists selected by Rubin and had a great deal of critical and commercial success, winning a Grammy for ]. Cash wrote that his reception at the 1994 ] was one of the highlights of his career. This was the beginning of a decade of music industry accolades and commercial success. He teamed up with ] to contribute "]" to the AIDS benefit album '']'' produced by the ]. On the same album, he performed the ] favorite "]."

Cash and his wife appeared on a number of episodes of the television series '']''. He also lent his voice for a ] in '']'' episode "]", as the "Space Coyote" that guides ] on a spiritual quest.<ref name="imdb"/>

In 1996, Cash enlisted the accompaniment of ] and released '']'' (also known as ''American Recordings II''), which won the ] Grammy in 1998. The album was produced by ] with ] engineering and mixing. A majority of "Unchained" was recorded at ] and featured guest appearances by ], ], and Marty Stuart. Believing he did not explain enough of himself in his 1975 autobiography ''Man in Black'', he wrote ''Cash: The Autobiography'' in 1997.

==Last years==
]
In 1997, Cash was diagnosed with the ] disease ], a form of ]; according to biographer Robert Hilburn, the disease was originally misdiagnosed as ], and Cash even announced to a concert audience that he had Parkinson's during a show in ], on October 25, 1997, after he nearly collapsed on stage; soon after his diagnosis was changed to Shy–Drager and Cash was told he had approximately 18 months to live.<ref>Robert Hilburn, ''Johnny Cash: The Life''. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2013, p. 568–570</ref> The diagnosis was later again altered to ] associated with ]. The illness forced Cash to curtail his touring. He was hospitalized in 1998 with severe ], which damaged his lungs.

During the last stage of his career, Cash released the albums '']'' (2000) and '']'' (2002). ''American IV'' included ] by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably "]" by ] and "]" by ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/1331-american-iv-the-man-comes-around/|title=Johnny Cash, ''American IV: The Man Comes Around''|last=Carr|first=Eric|date=November 7, 2002|work=]|accessdate=May 12, 2017}}</ref> ] of Nine Inch Nails commented that he was initially skeptical about Cash's plan to cover "Hurt", but was later impressed and moved by the rendition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theninhotline.net/archives/articles/manager/display_article.php?id=11 |title=Geoff Rickly interviews Trent Reznor |publisher=Alternative Press |date=2004-06-26 |accessdate=2016-06-21}}</ref> The video for "Hurt" received critical and popular acclaim.<ref>{{cite news|title=The 30 All-TIME Best Music Videos - Johnny Cash, Hurt|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2085389_2085359_2085375,00.html|work=Time|accessdate=August 19, 2011|first=Glen|last=Levy| date=July 28, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=100 Greatest Music Videos|url=http://www.nme.com/list/100-greatest-music-videos/217342/page/10|publisher=NME|accessdate=15 December 2012}}</ref>

] died on May 15, 2003, at the age of 73.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1471909/country-star-june-carter-cash-wife-of-johnny-cash-dies-at-73/|title=Country Star June Carter Cash, Wife of Johnny Cash, Dies at 73|publisher=}}</ref> June had told Cash to keep working, so he continued to record, completing 60 more songs in the last four months of his life, and even performed a couple of surprise shows at the ] outside ]. At the July 5, 2003, concert (his last public performance), before singing "]", Cash read a statement about his late wife that he had written shortly before taking the stage:{{quote |The spirit of June Carter overshadows me tonight with the love she had for me and the love I have for her. We connect somewhere between here and Heaven. She came down for a short visit, I guess, from Heaven to visit with me tonight to give me courage and inspiration like she always has.}}

Cash continued to record until shortly before his death. His final recordings were made on August 21, 2003, and consisted of "Like the 309", which appeared on '']'' in 2006, and the final song he completed, "Engine 143", which was recorded for his son John Carter Cash for a planned Carter Family tribute album.<ref>Robert Hilburn, ''Johnny Cash: The Life''. (New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2013), p. 624</ref>

==Death==
While hospitalized at Baptist Hospital in Nashville, Cash died of complications from diabetes at approximately 2:00&nbsp;a.m. CT on September 12, 2003, aged 71—less than four months after his wife. It was suggested that Johnny's health worsened due to a ] over June's death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=52318|title=Death from a Broken Heart|publisher=Medicine net|date=November 24, 2003|accessdate=December 31, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrymusic.about.com/library/bljohnnycashobit.htm|title=Johnny Cash Dead at Age 71|publisher= About|date=September 12, 2003|accessdate=December 31, 2011}}</ref> He was buried next to his wife in ] near his home in ].

In June 2005, Cash's lakeside home on Caudill Drive in Hendersonville was put up for sale by his estate. In January 2006, the house was sold to ] vocalist ] and wife Linda, and titled to their Florida limited liability company for $2.3&nbsp;million. The listing agent was Cash's younger brother, ]. On April 10, 2007, during a major restoration of the property by the new owner, Cash's home was accidentally destroyed in a spontaneous combustion-ignited fire caused by workers using linseed oil products.<ref>{{cite news|title=Fire destroys Johnny Cash house|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6543503.stm|publisher=BBC.co.uk|accessdate=September 29, 2010|date=April 11, 2007}}</ref>

One of Cash's final collaborations with producer ], '']'', was released posthumously on July 4, 2006. The album debuted in the No.1 position on the ''Billboard'' Top 200 album chart for the week ending July 22, 2006. On February 23, 2010, three days before what would have been Cash's 78th birthday, the Cash Family, ], and Lost Highway Records released his second posthumous record, titled '']''.

==Religious beliefs==
Cash was raised by his parents in the ] denomination of Christianity. He was baptized in 1944 in the Tyronza River as a member of the Central Baptist Church of ].<ref name="Man In Black">{{Citation|title=Man in Black|author=Johnny Cash|isbn=978-99924-31-58-0|publisher=Zondervan}}</ref>

A troubled but devout Christian,{{Sfn|Clapp|2008|p=}}{{Sfn|Urbanski|2003}}{{Rp|needed=yes|date=December 2012}} Cash has been characterized as a "lens through which to view American contradictions and challenges."{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|Other appraisals of Cash's iconic value have been even bolder.{{Sfn|Clapp|2008|p=xvi|ps=: 'Very few figures in recent history are seen as more representative of American identity as Cash&nbsp;... His has often been suggested as the face that should be added to the select pantheon on ]'}}}}{{Sfn|Clapp|2008|p=xviii}}{{Sfn|Miller|2003|p=}} A ],<ref name="lastfm">{{Citation|publisher=Last.fm|year=2010|url=http://www.last.fm/music/Johnny%2BCash%2B%2526%2BJune%2BCarter|title=Johnny Cash & June Carter|accessdate=January 20, 2010}}</ref><ref name="Stoudt">{{Citation|last=Stoudt|first=C.|date=June 9, 2009|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2009/06/review-ring-of-fire-at-la-mirada-theatre.html|title=Review: 'Ring of Fire' at La Mirada Theatre|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|accessdate=January 20, 2010}}</ref><ref name = "PRX">{{Citation|publisher=]|year=2010|url=http://www.prx.org/pieces/18385-johnny-cash-amazing-grace|title=Johnny Cash: Amazing Grace|accessdate=January 20, 2010}}</ref> he penned a ], ''Man in White'', and in the introduction Cash writes about a reporter who, interested in Cash's religious beliefs, questions whether the book is written from a Baptist, Catholic, or Jewish perspective. Cash denies an answer to the book's view and his own, and replies, "I'm a Christian. Don't put me in another box."{{Sfn|Cash|2008}}{{Rp|needed=yes|date=December 2012}}<ref name="BBCNews">{{Citation|publisher=BBC|newspaper=News|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/481392.stm|title=Johnny Cash obituary|accessdate=January 20, 2010|date=September 12, 2003}}</ref> He made a spoken word recording of the entire ] of the ].<ref name="Rivkin">{{Citation|editor-last=Rivkin|editor-first=D.|year=2007|title=Johnny Cash reading the complete New Testament|edition=deluxe|type=audio recording|place=Nashville, TN|publisher=Thomas Nelson}}</ref><ref name="Morris">{{Citation|last=Morris|first=E.|date=December 23, 2008|url=http://www.cmt.com/news/country-music/1601820/johnny-cashs-reading-of-the-new-testament-now-on-dvd.jhtml|title=Johnny Cash's reading of the New Testament now on DVD|publisher=]|accessdate=January 20, 2010}}</ref> Cash declared he was "the biggest sinner of them all", and viewed himself overall as a complicated and contradictory man.{{Sfn|Urbanski|2003|pp=xx–xxi}}{{Refn|name="Urbanski_black"|group="lower-alpha"|Urbanski{{Sfn|Urbanski|2003|p=39}} notes that Cash's habit of performing in black attire began in a church. In the following paragraph, he{{Sfn|Urbanski|2003|pp=39–40}} quotes Cash{{Sfn|Cash|Carr|2003|p=64}} as indicating that this habit was partially reflective of Cash's rebellion "against our hypocritical houses of God".}} Accordingly,{{Refn|group="lower-alpha"|name="Urbanski2"|According to Urbanski, Cash's self-perception was accurate: "He never intended to be categorized or pigeonholed", and indeed he amassed a "cluster of enigmas" which "was so impenetrably deep that even those closest to him never got to see every part of him".<ref>{{Citation|last=Urbanski|first=D.|year=2010|url=http://www.relevantmagazine.com/culture/music/features/20625-johnny-cashs-complicated-christianity|title=Johnny Cash's complicated faith: Unwrapping the enigma of the Man in Black|newspaper=]|accessdate=March 22, 2010}}</ref>}} Cash is said to have "contained multitudes," and has been deemed "the philosopher-prince of American country music."<ref name="Huss">{{Citation|editor1-last=Huss|editor1-first=J.|editor2-last=Werther|editor2-first=D.|year=2008|title=Johnny Cash and philosophy: The burning ring of truth|place=Chicago, IL|publisher=Open Court}}</ref><ref name="Open Court">{{Citation|publisher=Open Court |year=2007 |url=http://www.opencourtbooks.com/books_n/johnny.htm |title=Johnny Cash and philosophy |accessdate=March 22, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328113241/http://www.opencourtbooks.com/books_n/johnny.htm |archivedate=March 28, 2010 |df= }}</ref>

Cash is credited with having converted actor and singer ] to Christianity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/tc/2004/001/12.67.html |title=Taking the Lead – Today's Christian |accessdate=2015-04-28 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410191111/http://www.christianitytoday.com/tc/2004/001/12.67.html |archivedate=April 10, 2008 |df= }}</ref>

==Legacy==
]
Cash's daughter ] (by first wife Vivian Liberto) and his son ] (by ]) are notable musicians in their own right.

Cash nurtured and defended artists (such as ]<ref name=pc10/>) on the fringes of what was acceptable in country music even while serving as the country music establishment's most visible symbol. At an all-star concert which aired in 1999 on ], a diverse group of artists paid him tribute, including Dylan, ], ], ], ], ], ], and ]. Cash himself appeared at the end and performed for the first time in more than a year. Two tribute albums were released shortly before his death; '']'' contains works from established artists, while '']'' contains works from many lesser-known musicians. In total, he wrote over 1,000 songs and released dozens of albums. A ] titled '']'' was issued posthumously. It included four CDs of unreleased material recorded with Rubin as well as a ''Best of Cash on American'' retrospective CD. The set also includes a 104-page book that discusses each track and features one of Cash's final interviews.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cash's "Unearthed" box set|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/68530/cashs-unearthed-box-set-unveiled|website=billboard|publisher=Billboard Magazine|date=October 22, 2003|accessdate=December 11, 2015}}</ref>

In recognition of his lifelong support of ], his family invited friends and fans to donate to the Johnny Cash Memorial Fund in his memory. He had a personal link with the SOS village in ], at the ] Lake in ], near where he was stationed as a ], and with the SOS village in Barrett Town, by ], near his holiday home in ].<ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.sos-childrensvillages.org/Get-involved/Celebrities-as-partners/Pages/Johnny-Cash.aspx |contribution=Johnny Cash |title=Celebrities as partners |publisher=SOS Children's Villages |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518093650/http://www.sos-childrensvillages.org/Get-involved/Celebrities-as-partners/Pages/Johnny-Cash.aspx |archivedate=May 18, 2008 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url=http://www.sos-usa.org/About-SOS/what-is-sos/sos-supporters/johnny-cash/Pages|contribution=Johnny Cash|title=Supporters|publisher=SOS Children's Villages|place=USA}}</ref>

In 1999, Cash received the ]. In 2004, '']'' ranked Cash No. 31 on their "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" list<ref>{{cite web|last=Kristofferson|first=Kris|title=Johnny Cash, No. 31|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5940054/31_johnny_cash|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=December 31, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Immortals: The First Fifty|work=Rolling Stone|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty|accessdate=December 31, 2007}}</ref> and No. 21 on their "100 Greatest Singers" list in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231/johnny-cash-20101202|title=100 Greatest Singers of All Time|publisher=}}</ref> In 2012 ''Rolling Stone'' ranked Cash's 1968 live album '']'' and 1994 studio album '']'' at No. 88<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/johnny-cash-at-folsom-prison-20120524|title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time|publisher=}}</ref> and No. 366<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-20120531/johnny-cash-american-recordings-20120524|title=500 Greatest Albums of All Time|publisher=}}</ref> in its list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.

The main street in ], Highway 31E, is known as "Johnny Cash Parkway."{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

The Johnny Cash Museum, located in one of Cash's properties in Hendersonville until 2006, dubbed the '']'', was sold based on Cash's will. Prior to this, having been closed for a number of years, the museum had been featured in Cash's music video for "Hurt." The house subsequently burned down during the renovation by the new owner. A new museum, founded by Shannon and Bill Miller, opened April 26, 2013, in downtown Nashville.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rutz|first1=Heather|title=Lima native creative director at new Johnny Cash museum|url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nfh&AN=2W6897592769&site=ehost-live|accessdate=December 11, 2015|publisher=The Lima News|date=June 7, 2013}}</ref>

On November 2–4, 2007, the Johnny Cash Flower Pickin' Festival was held in ], where Cash had been arrested more than 40 years earlier and held overnight at the city jail on May 11, 1965. The incident inspired Cash to write the song "Starkville City Jail". The festival, where he was offered a symbolic posthumous pardon, honored Cash's life and music and was expected to become an annual event.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mississippi town to honor the 'Man in Black'|publisher=MSN.com|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20611738|accessdate=December 31, 2007}}</ref>

JC Unit One, Johnny Cash's private tour bus from 1980 until 2003, was put on exhibit at the ] and Museum in ], in 2007. The museum offers public tours of the bus on a seasonal basis (it is stored during the winter months and not exhibited during those times).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Soeder|first1=John|title=Johnny Cash's tour bus returns to Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum|url=http://www.cleveland.com/popmusic/index.ssf/2010/05/johnny_cashs_tour_bus_returns.html|accessdate=December 11, 2015|publisher=The Plain Dealer|date=May 19, 2010}}</ref>

A ] ] honoring Cash went on sale June 5, 2013. The stamp features a promotional picture of Cash taken around the 1963 release of "]. ] Superstar ] used Cash's version of "]" at ] as his entrance theme.<ref>{{cite news|title=Johnny Cash Stamp Release Celebrated By Family|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/03/johnny-cash-stamp_n_3377704.html|publisher=Huffington Post|accessdate=June 3, 2013|date=June 3, 2013}}</ref>

On October 14, 2014, The City of Folsom unveiled Phase 1 of the Johnny Cash Trail to the public with a dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony attended by Roseanne Cash. Along the trail, eight larger-than-life public art pieces will tell the story of Johnny Cash, his connection to Folsom Prison, and his epic musical career. The Johnny Cash Trail features art selected by a committee that included Cindy Cash, a {{convert|2|acre|adj=on}} Legacy Park, and over {{convert|3|mile}} of multi-use Class-I bike trail. The artists responsible for the sculptures are Sacramento-based Romo Studios, LLC and the Fine Art Studio of Rotblatt Amrany, from Illinios.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.folsom.ca.us/city_hall/depts/parks/parks_n_trails/trails/johnny_cask.asp|title=Folsom, CA – Johnny Cash Trail & Art Experience|website=www.folsom.ca.us|access-date=2017-01-13}}</ref>

In 2015, a new species of black ] was identified near Folsom Prison and named ] in his honor.

In 2016, the ] ] team added the "Country Legends Race" to its between-innings entertainment. At the middle of the fifth inning, people in oversized foam caricature costumes depicting Cash, as well as ] and ], race around the warning track at ] from center field to the home plate side of the first base dugout.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tennessean.com/picture-gallery/sports/2016/04/07/opening-night-at-first-tennessee-park/82771440/|title=Opening Night at First Tennessee Park|date=April 7, 2016|website=]|accessdate=April 8, 2016}}</ref>

===Portrayals===
Country singer ] portrayed Cash in ]'s ] 1999 short film ''I Still Miss Someone''.<ref name="imdb"/>

In November 2005, '']'', a biographical film about Cash's life, was released in the United States to considerable commercial success and critical acclaim. The film featured ] as Johnny (for which he was nominated for the ]) and ] as June (for which she won the ]). Phoenix and Witherspoon also won the ] for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy and Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy, respectively. They both performed their own vocals in the film (with their version of "Jackson" being released as a single), and Phoenix learned to play guitar for the role. Phoenix received a ] for his contributions to the soundtrack. John Carter Cash, the son of Johnny and June, served as an executive producer.<ref name="imdb">{{IMDb name|0143602}}</ref>

On March 12, 2006, '']'', a ] of the Cash oeuvre, debuted on Broadway at the ] but closed due to harsh reviews and disappointing sales on April 30. '']'', a musical portraying the early Sun recording sessions involving Cash, Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Carl Perkins, debuted on Broadway on April 11, 2010. Actor ] portrayed Cash. The musical was nominated for three awards at the ] and won one.

], veteran '']'' pop music critic, the journalist who accompanied Cash in his 1968 Folsom prison tour, and interviewed Cash many times throughout his life including months before his death, published a 688-page biography with 16 pages of photographs in 2013.<ref name="Johnny Cash biography">{{cite book|last=Hilburn|first=Robert|title=Johnny Cash: The Life (Deckle Edge)|year=2013|publisher=Little Brown and Company|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-316-19475-4}}</ref> The meticulously reported biography is said to have filled in the 80 percent of Cash's life that was unknown, including details about Cash's battles with addiction and infidelity.<ref name="Johnny Cash': Meticulous Attention to Facts Sets Robert Hilburn's Biography Apart">{{cite news|last=Kinchen|first=David|title=BOOK REVIEW: 'Johnny Cash': Meticulous Attention to Facts Sets Robert Hilburn's Biography Apart|url=http://www.huntingtonnews.net/76236|accessdate=December 12, 2013|newspaper=Huntington News|date=November 3, 2013}}</ref> The book reportedly does not hold back any details about the darker side of Johnny Cash and includes details about his affair with his pregnant wife June Carter's sister.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hilburn|first=Robert|url=http://www.npr.org/2013/10/29/240778989/biography-doesnt-hold-back-on-the-man-in-blacks-darkest-years|title=Interview: Robert Hilburn, Author Of 'Johnny Cash: The Life'|publisher=NPR|date=October 29, 2013|accessdate=April 25, 2014}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
{{for|detailed lists of music awards|List of awards received by Johnny Cash}}
Cash received multiple ], ], and other awards, in categories ranging from vocal and spoken performances to album notes and videos. In a career that spanned almost five decades, during which he rose to recording industry icon status, Cash was the personification of country music to many people around the world. Cash was a musician who was not defined by a single genre. He recorded songs that could be considered ], ], ], ], and ], and exerted an influence on each of those genres.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}}

His diversity was evidenced by his presence in five major music halls of fame: the ] (1977), the ] (1980), the ] (1992), GMA's ] (2010) and the ] (2013).<ref>{{Citation|url=http://countrymusichalloffame.org/Inductees/InducteeDetail/johnny-cash|publisher=Country Music Hall of Fame|title=Inductees|contribution=Johnny Cash}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|url=http://rockhall.com/inductees/johnny-cash|publisher=Rock and Roll Hall of Fame|title=Inductees|contribution=Johnny Cash}}</ref> Cash was the only country music artist inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a "performer", unlike the other country members, who were inducted as "early influences".{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}

His contributions to the genre have been recognized by the ].<ref>{{cite web|title=RHOF Inductees with Certificates|publisher=Rockabilly Hall of Fame|url=http://www.rockabillyhall.com/Certificates.html|accessdate=December 31, 2007}}</ref> Cash received the ] in 1996 and stated that his induction into the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1980 was his greatest professional achievement. In 2001, he was awarded the ].<ref>{{Citation|url=http://arts.gov/honors/medals/johnny-cash|contribution=Lifetime Honors|title=National Medal of Arts}}</ref> "Hurt" was nominated for six VMAs at the 2003 MTV Video Music Awards. The only VMA the video won was that for Best Cinematography. With the video, Johnny Cash became the oldest artist ever nominated for an MTV Video Music Award.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.songstuff.com/article/johnny_cash_memories_shared/| title = Johnny Cash – Memories Shared | publisher = ]| accessdate = June 27, 2013}}</ref> ], who won Best Video that year for "]," said in his acceptance speech: "This is a travesty! I demand a recount. My grandfather raised me on Johnny Cash, and I think he deserves this more than any of us in here tonight."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monkeyouttanowhere.com/quotes/archives/2003/08/29_09_23.html |title=Quotables "August 29, 2003 Justin Timberlake on Johnny Cash" |accessdate=April 5, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063853/http://www.monkeyouttanowhere.com/quotes/archives/2003/08/29_09_23.html |archivedate=April 7, 2014 |df= }}</ref>

==Discography==
{{hatnote|See ], ] and ].}}

==Filmography==
{| class = "wikitable plainrwheaders"
|+ Film
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1961
| '']''
| Johnny Cabot
| Also titled ''Door-To-Door Maniac''
|-
| 1967
| '']''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1971
| '']''
| Abe Cross
|
|-
| 1974
| ''The Gospel Road''
| Narrator/Himself
|
|-
| 1994
| ''Gene Autry, Melody of the West''
| Narrator
| Documentary film; voice acting role
|-
| 2003
| '']''
| Narrator
| Voice acting role
|-
| 2014
| ''The Winding Stream''
| Interview subject<ref>{{cite web|title=''The Winding Stream'' (2014)|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2516274/|website=]|accessdate=November 9, 2015}}</ref>
| Documentary film; archive footage
|}

{| class = "wikitable plainrwheaders"
|+ Television
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1959
| '']''
| Sheriff
| Episode: "The Stalkers"
|-
| 1959
| '']''
| Frank Hoag
| Episode: "The C.L. Harding Story
|-
| 1960
| '']''
| Pratt
| Episode: "The Death of Gray"
|-
| 1961
| '']''
| Bo Braddock
| Episode: "The Deathly Quiet"
|-
| 1969–1971
| '']''
| Himself – <small>host and performer</small>
| 58 episodes
|-
| 1970
| '']''
| Variety Show Host
| Episode: "What? Get Out of Show Business?"
|-
| 1973–1992
| '']''
| Himself
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1974–1988
| '']''
| Himself
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1974
| '']''
| Tommy Brown
| Episode: "Swan Song"
|-
| 1974
| ''Johnny Cash Ridin' the Rails—The Great American Train Story''
| Himself
|
|-
| 1976
| ''Johnny Cash and Friends''
| Himself
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1976
| '']''
| Caleb Hodgekiss
| Episode: "The Collection"
|-
| 1976–1985
| Johnny Cash specials (various titles)
| Himself
| 15 specials
|-
| 1978
| ''Thaddeus Rose and Eddie''
| Thaddeus Rose
| Television film
|-
| 1980
| '']''
| Himself
| Episode: "#5.21"
|-
| 1981
| '']''
| Jesse Hallam
| Television film
|-
| 1982
| '']''
| Himself
| Episode: ]
|-
| 1983
| '']''
| Lamarr Potts
| Television film; also producer
|-
| 1984
| ''The Baron and the Kid''
| The Baron<br />Will
| Television film
|-
| 1985
| '']''
| John Brown
| 6 episodes
|-
| 1986
| ''The Last Days of Frank and Jesse James''
| Frank James
| Television film
|-
| 1986
| '']''
| Curly Wilcox
| Television film
|-
| 1988
| '']''
| Elder ]
| Episode: "Rainbow in the Thunder"
|-
| 1993–1997
| '']''
| Cole
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1996
| '']''
| Henry Travis
| Episode: "The Road Not Taken"
|-
| 1997
| '']''
| Space Coyote
| Episode: "]"; voice acting role
|-
| 1998
| ''All My Friends Are Cowboys''
| Himself
| Television special
|-
| 2014
| '' Johnny Cash: The Man, His World, His Music ''
| Himself
| BBC4 1969 Bio Documentary by Robert Elfstromg; archive footage
|}

==Published works==
* ''Man in Black: His Own Story in His Own Words'', ], 1975; ISBN 99924-31-58-X
* ''Man in White'', a novel about the Apostle Paul, ], 1986; ISBN 0-06-250132-1
* ''Cash: The Autobiography'', with Patrick Carr, HarperCollins, 1997; ISBN 978-0-06-101357-7<ref>{{cite web|title=Johnny Cash – Cash: The Autobiography of Johnny Cash Review|url=http://www.socialbookshelves.com/johnny-cash-cash-the-autobiography-of-johnny-cash-review/|website=SocialBookshelves.com|accessdate=July 13, 2014}}</ref>
* ''Johnny Cash Reads the New Testament'', Thomas Nelson, 2011; ISBN 978-1-4185-4883-4<ref>{{cite web|title=Johnny Cash Reads the New Testament|url=http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/johnny-cash-reads-the-new-testament-johnny-cash/1102087995|website=barnesandnoble.com|accessdate=November 24, 2014}}</ref>
*''Recollections by Johnny Cash'', edited by daughter Tara, 2014; ISBN 978-0-930677-03-9<ref>{{cite web|title=Recollections by Johnny Cash, edited by daughter Tara|url=http://archives.theinternational.org.uk/2015/09/09/what-we-are-reading-johnny-cash-tara-cash-recollections/|accessdate=September 9, 2015}}</ref>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="lower-alpha"}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Citation|last=Clapp|first=R|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/?id=0qIWgaPi9E8C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=Johnny Cash and the great American contradiction: Christianity and the battle for the soul of a nation|place=Louisville, KY|publisher=Westminster John Knox|isbn=978-0-664-23657-1}}.
* {{Citation|last=D'Ambrosio|first=Antonino|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=we1ttvIDcl0C&lpg=PP1&dq=A%20Heartbeat%20and%20A%20Guitar%3A%20Johnny%20Cash%20and%20the%20Making%20of%20Bitter%20Tears&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|title=A Heartbeat and A Guitar: Johnny Cash and the Making of Bitter Tears|publisher=Perseus Books/Nation Books|isbn=978-1-56858-407-2}}.
* {{Citation|last=Gross|first=Terry|title=All I Did Was Ask: Conversations with Writers, Actors, Musicians, and Artists|publisher=Hyperion|year=2006|isbn=1-4013-0010-3}}.
* {{Citation|last=Holmes|first=Cynthia S.|title=Remembering H Dale Jackson|newspaper=Connect|type=newsletter|publisher=The CBF of Missouri|date=January 2004|page=2}}.
* {{Citation|last=Millier |first=William |accessdate=September 7, 2004 |url=http://www.johnnycash.com/awards.htm |title=Johnny Cash |contribution=Awards |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041010063921/http://www.johnnycash.com/awards.htm |archivedate=October 10, 2004 |df= }}.
* {{Citation|last=Miller|first=Stephen|title=Johnny Cash: The Life of an American Icon|publisher=Omnibus|year=2003|isbn=0-7119-9626-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZDEbEHKMPsC&lpg=PP1&dq=Johnny%20Cash%3A%20The%20Life%20of%20an%20American%20Icon&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true}}.
* {{Citation|last=Streissguth|first=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/?id=4f2vKsID0FoC&dq=Johnny%20Cash%20at%20Folsom%20Prison%3A%20The%20Making%20of%20a%20Masterpiece|title=Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison: The Making of a Masterpiece|publisher=Da Capo Press|place=Cambridge, MA|year=2004|isbn=978-0-306-81338-2}}.
* {{Citation|last=Streissguth|first=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lWuQVTvoPn8C&lpg=PP1&dq=Johnny%20Cash%20at%20Folsom%20Prison%3A%20The%20Making%20of%20a%20Masterpiece&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|title=Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison: The Making of a Masterpiece|publisher=Da Capo Press|place=Cambridge, MA|year=2005|origyear=2004|isbn=978-0-306-81453-2}}.
* {{Citation|title=Grove Music|last=Thomson|first=Elisabeth|url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/05087?q=Johnny+Cash&hbutton_search.x=23&hbutton_search.y=8&hbutton_search=search&source=omo_t237&source=omo_gmo&source=omo_t114&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1#firsthit|contribution=Cash, Johnny|publisher=Oxford Music Online|accessdate=May 18, 2010}}.
* {{Citation|last=Turner|first=Stephen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6qaANnvGwGkC&lpg=PA1&dq=The%20Man%20Called%20Cash%3A%20The%20Life%2C%20Love%2C%20and%20Faith%20of%20an%20American%20Legend&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=true|title=The Man Called Cash: The Life, Love, and Faith of an American Legend|place=Nashville, TN|publisher=W Publishing|year=2004|isbn=0-8499-1820-0}}.
* {{Citation|last=Urbanski|first=David|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_dK-0HfHUYC&lpg=PP1&dq=The%20Man%20Comes%20Around%3A%20The%20Spiritual%20Journey%20of%20Johnny%20Cash&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true|title=The Man Comes Around: The Spiritual Journey of Johnny Cash|place=New York, NY|publisher=Relevant Books|isbn=0-9729276-7-0|year=2003}}.
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*Jonathan Silverman, Nine Choices: Johnny Cash and American Culture, Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 2010, ISBN 1-55849-826-5
* Graeme Thomson, ''The Resurrection of Johnny Cash: Hurt, Redemption, and American Recordings'', Jawbone Press, ISBN 978-1-906002-36-7
* Christopher S. Wren, ''Johnny Cash: Winners Got Scars, Too'', Abacus Editions, ISBN 0-349-13740-4
* Robert Hilburn, ''Johnny Cash: The Life'', Back Bay Books, New York: Little Brown and Company, 2013, ISBN 978-0-316-19474-7(pb)

==External links==
{{Misplaced Pages books|Johnny Cash}}
{{sisterlinks|d=Q42775|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|species=no}}
* {{official website}}
*
* {{Citation|url=http://www.hitparadehalloffame.org/xhtml_heads/Candidates/Inductee_johnny_cash.html |publisher=Hit Parade Hall of Fame |title=Candidates |contribution=Inductee Johnny Cash |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106180837/http://www.hitparadehalloffame.org/xhtml_heads/Candidates/Inductee_johnny_cash.html |archivedate=January 6, 2008 |df= }}.
* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p1548/biography}}
* {{IMDb name|143599}}
* {{Find a Grave|7863405|accessdate=November 30, 2013}}
*

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach|aw}}
{{S-new|First|reason=None recognized before}}
{{S-ttl|title=]/]|years=2002}}
{{S-aft|after=]}}
{{S-bef|before=] & ]}}
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{{S-end}}

{{Johnny Cash|state=expanded}}
{{Highwaymen}}
{{Grand Ole Opry members}}
{{1980s Country Music Hall of Fame}}
{{Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album 1980s}}
{{Kennedy Center Honorees 1990s}}
{{1992 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame}}

{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Cash, Johnny}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cash, Johnny}}

Revision as of 17:53, 17 May 2017

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