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| The '''Nathu La and Cho La incidents''', (11–14 September 1967 for Nathu La; 1–10 October 1967 for Cho La) were a series of ] between ] and ] in the Himalayan ], then an Indian ]. They occurred five years after the Chinese victory in the ]. | The '''Nathu La and Cho La incidents''', (11–14 September 1967 for Nathu La; 1–10 October 1967 for Cho La) were a series of ] between ] and ] in the Himalayan ], then an Indian ]. They occurred five years after the Chinese victory in the ]. | ||
| The Chinese ] infiltrated parts of Sikkim<ref name="Elleman">{{cite book|title=Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnDlcP6L8iEC&pg=PA317 |page=317 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |author1=Bruce Elleman |author2=Stephen Kotkin |author3=Clive Schofield |isbn=978-0-7656-2766-7 |year=2015}}</ref> on 1 October 1967, but was repulsed by the ] by 10 October. During the ] and ] incidents, Indian losses were 88 killed in action and 163 wounded,<ref name="Chengappa" /><ref name="Lok Sabha Debates">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=y2jVAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Our+losses+in+the+incidents+of+firing+at+Nathu+La+and+Cho+La+were+88+killed+and+163+wounded%22 |title=Lok Sabha Debates |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |year=1967}}</ref> while Chinese casualties were estimated to be 340 killed in action and 450 wounded.<ref name="shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in">http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/30868/6/06_chapter%202.pdf Chapter 2: THE PERIOD OF STALEMATE (1963-1975)</ref><ref name="Chengappa">{{cite book|first=Bidanda M. |last=Chengappa |title=India-China relations: post conflict phase to post cold war period |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiluAAAAMAAJ |date=2004 |publisher=A.P.H. Pub. Corp. |isbn=978-81-7648-538-8 |page=63}}</ref> | The Chinese ] infiltrated parts of Sikkim<ref name="Elleman">{{cite book|title=Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CnDlcP6L8iEC&pg=PA317 |page=317 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |author1=Bruce Elleman |author2=Stephen Kotkin |author3=Clive Schofield |isbn=978-0-7656-2766-7 |year=2015}}</ref> on 1 October 1967, but was repulsed by the ] by 10 October. During the ] and ] incidents, Indian losses were 88 killed in action and 163 wounded,<ref name="Chengappa" /><ref name="Lok Sabha Debates">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=y2jVAAAAMAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Our+losses+in+the+incidents+of+firing+at+Nathu+La+and+Cho+La+were+88+killed+and+163+wounded%22 |title=Lok Sabha Debates |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |year=1967}}</ref> while Chinese casualties were estimated to be 340 killed in action and 450 wounded.<ref name="shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in"></ref><ref name="Chengappa">{{cite book|first=Bidanda M. |last=Chengappa |title=India-China relations: post conflict phase to post cold war period |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BiluAAAAMAAJ |date=2004 |publisher=A.P.H. Pub. Corp. |isbn=978-81-7648-538-8 |page=63}}</ref> | ||
| The end of the conflicts saw a Chinese military withdrawal from Sikkim after being defeated by Indian forces.<ref name=Hoontrakul>{{cite book | The end of the conflicts saw a Chinese military withdrawal from Sikkim after being defeated by Indian forces.<ref name=Hoontrakul>{{cite book | ||
Revision as of 07:34, 18 May 2017
| 1967 China-India border conflicts | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.svg) The fighting occurred in the Kingdom of Sikkim, between China and India. | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 India |
 China | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Indira Gandhi Sagat Singh Jagjit Aurora |
Mao Zedong | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
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Indian claim: 88 killed 163 wounded in Cho La and the Nathu La incidents combined Chinese claim: 607 casualties in Nathu La 195 casualties in Cho La |
Indian estimate: 340 killed 450 wounded in Cho La and Nathu La incidents combined Chinese claim: 32 killed 91 wounded in Nathu La 1 killed 1 wounded in Cho La | ||||||||
The Nathu La and Cho La incidents, (11–14 September 1967 for Nathu La; 1–10 October 1967 for Cho La) were a series of military clashes between India and China in the Himalayan Kingdom of Sikkim, then an Indian protectorate. They occurred five years after the Chinese victory in the Sino-Indian War.
The Chinese People's Liberation Army infiltrated parts of Sikkim on 1 October 1967, but was repulsed by the Indian Army by 10 October. During the Cho La and Nathu La incidents, Indian losses were 88 killed in action and 163 wounded, while Chinese casualties were estimated to be 340 killed in action and 450 wounded.
The end of the conflicts saw a Chinese military withdrawal from Sikkim after being defeated by Indian forces.
Sikkim became an Indian state in 1975, which was not recognised by China. In 2003, China recognised Sikkim as an Indian state, on condition that India accept that the Tibet Autonomous Region was a part of China, even though India had already done so back in 1953. This mutual agreement led to a thaw in Sino-Indian relations.
See also
References
- ^ Hoontrakul, Pongsak (2014). The Global Rise of Asian Transformation: Trends and Developments in Economic Growth Dynamics (illustrated ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. p. 37. ISBN 9781137412355.
- Chaurasia, R.S. History of Modern China. Atlantic Publishers. p. 288.
- ^ Sheru Thapliyal (27 May 2011). "The Nathu La skirmish: when Chinese were given a bloody nose". Centre for Land Warfare Studies. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
- ^ Chengappa, Bidanda M. (2004). India-China relations: post conflict phase to post cold war period. A.P.H. Pub. Corp. p. 63. ISBN 978-81-7648-538-8.
- ^ 甄嫣 (20 May 2013). "多维历史：中印历史上的争端_历史_多维新闻网". Duowei News (in Chinese). Retrieved 31 January 2017.
在这次的战斗中，印军共伤亡607人，中方伤亡123名，其中阵亡者32名。...打死打伤中国官兵各一人...毙伤印军195名
- ^ Bruce Elleman; Stephen Kotkin; Clive Schofield (2015). Beijing's Power and China's Borders: Twenty Neighbors in Asia. M.E. Sharpe. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-7656-2766-7.
- Lok Sabha Debates. Lok Sabha Secretariat. 1967.
- Chapter 2: THE PERIOD OF STALEMATE (1963-1975)
- "50 years after Sino-Indian war". Millennium Post. 16 May 1975. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
- "Kirantis' khukris flash at Chola in 1967". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 22 July 2015.
- Aspects of India's International Relations, 1700 to 2000: South Asia and the World. Pearson. p. 87.
- Eekelen, Willem Frederik. Indian Foreign Policy and the Border Dispute with China.
- Iqbal Singh. Between Two Fires: Towards an Understanding of Jawaharlal Nehru's, Volume II.
- "India and China agree over Tibet". BBC News.
- Baruah, Amit (12 April 2005). "China backs India's bid for U.N. Council seat". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
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