Misplaced Pages

Revision as of 06:36, 23 May 2017

Sinai insurgency (2011–present)
Part of Arab Winter, Egyptian Crisis, and the Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
Map of the Sinai Peninsula. (For a more detailed map of the current military situation in Sinai, see here.)
Date 5 February 2011 – present (13 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 2 days) Location Sinai Peninsula, Egypt Status Ongoing
Belligerents
Egypt Egyptian Army Central Security Forces Egyptian Ministry of the Interior National Security Service National Police Al-Tarabin tribe Multinational Force and Observers	Islamists: Ansar Bait al-Maqdis (until late 2014) Al-Qaeda Tawhid al-Jihad Al-Qaeda in Sinai Peninsula (from late 2011) Abdullah Azzam Brigades Bedouin tribesmen Jund al Islam Popular Resistance Movement Takfir wal-Hijra Ansar al-Sharia (from 2012) Mujahideen Shura Council (from 2012) Army of Islam Al Furqan Brigades Soldiers of Egypt (from 2013) Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (from 2014) File:Wilayat Sinai logo.jpeg Wilayat Sinai
Commanders and leaders
Sedki Sobhi (2014-present) Mohammed el-Shahat Osama Askar Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2012–present) Ahmed Wasfi (2012–2014) Hussein Tantawi (2011–2012) Sami Anan (2011–2012)	Muhammad al-Zawahiri (POW) Abd El-Fattah Salem (POW) Fayez Abu-Sheta † Youssif Abo-Ayat † Saed Abo-Farih † Abu Osama al-Masri (ISIL Emir of Wilayat Sinai) Shadi el-Manaei Selim Suleiman Al-Haram †
Strength
Total: 25,000 (41 battalions)	Total: ~12,000 ISIL: 1,000–1,500
Casualties and losses
700–2,000+ killed	1,100–2,000+ killed
Civilian casualties: 235 Egyptian, 219 Russians, 4 Ukrainians, 1 Belarusian, 6 Israeli, 4 South Korean Yamam: 2 killed IDF: 1 killed Total: 2,371–4,473+ killed

Part of a series on the Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
Main topics 2011 Egyptian revolution Sinai insurgency Military transitional council 2012–2013 Egyptian protests Egyptian Constitution of 2012 June 2013 Egyptian protests 2013 Egyptian coup d'état Post-coup unrest in Egypt Insurgency in Egypt
Elections 2011 Egyptian constitutional referendum 2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election 2012 Egyptian Shura Council election 2012 Egyptian presidential election 2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum 2014 Egyptian constitutional referendum 2014 Egyptian presidential election 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election
Background History of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt Corruption in Egypt Terrorism in Egypt
v t e

The Sinai insurgency is an ongoing conflict between Islamist militants and Egyptian security forces in the Sinai Peninsula, which began after the start of the Egyptian Crisis, which saw the overthrow of longtime Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak in the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.

The Sinai insurgency consisted of militants, largely composed of local Bedouin tribesmen, who exploited the chaotic situation in Egypt and weakened central authority to launch a series of attacks on government forces in Sinai. Since 2011, the central authorities have attempted to restore their presence in the Sinai through both political and military measures.

Egypt launched two military operations, known as Operation Eagle in mid-2011 and then Operation Sinai in mid-2012. In May 2013, following an abduction of Egyptian officers, violence in the Sinai surged once again. Following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, which resulted in the ousting of Egyptian president Mohamed Morsi, "unprecedented clashes" have occurred. In 2014, elements of the Ansar Bait al-Maqdis group claimed allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and proclaimed themselves as the Sinai Province. Militant attacks continued into 2015. Security officials say militants based in Libya have established ties with Sinai Province.

The fallout suffered by the locals as a result of the insurgency in Sinai ranges from militant operations and the state of insecurity to extensive military operations and the demolishing of hundreds of homes and evacuating thousands of residents as Egyptian troops pressed on to build a buffer zone meant to halt the smuggling of weapons and militants from and to the Gaza strip. A report, compiled by a delegation from the state-funded National Council for Human Rights (NCHR), stated that most of the displaced families share the same grievances of palpable government negligence, unavailability of nearby schools for their sons and the lack of health services. Since the start of the conflict, dozens of civilians were killed either in military operations or kidnapped and then beheaded by militants.

Administratively, the Sinai Peninsula is divided into two governorates: the South Sinai Governorate and the North Sinai Governorate. Three other governorates span the Suez Canal, crossing into African Egypt: Suez Governorate on the southern end of the Suez Canal, Ismailia Governorate in the center, and Port Said Governorate in the north.

Background

Sufism was previously dominant in the region before militant jihadi ideas began to take hold. The Sinai peninsula has long been known for its lawlessness, having historically served as a smuggling route for weapons and supplies. Security provisions in the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty of 1979 have institutionalized a diminished security presence in the area, enabling militants to operate with a freer hand. Moreover, the limited government-directed investment and development in Sinai has discriminated against the local Bedouin population, a population that values tribal allegiance over all else. The combination of Sinai's harsh terrain and lack of resources have kept the area poor and hence ripe for militancy.

Following the January 2011 uprising that toppled Hosni Mubarak's regime, the country became increasingly destabilized, creating a security vacuum in the Sinai peninsula. Radical Islamic elements in Sinai exploited the opportunity, using the unique environment, in launching several waves of attacks upon Egyptian military and commercial facilities.

According to The Economist, the conflict also involves local armed Bedouin "who have long-standing grievances against the central government in Cairo" and that "they are barred from joining the army or police; they find it hard to get jobs in tourism; and they complain that many of their lands have been taken from them".

Timeline

2011–2012

Since the 2011 uprising against the Mubarak regime in Egypt, there has been increasing instability in the Sinai Peninsula. In addition the collapse of the Libyan regime increased the quantity and sophistication of weapons being smuggled into the area. The situation provided local Bedouin with an opportunity to assert their authority, leading to clashes with Egyptian security forces, but the cause of violence soon transitioned to salafi jihadism. Hard-line militant Muslims used Sinai as a launch-point for attacks against Israel and turned on the Egyptian state., focusing on Egypt's security establishment and the Sinai's Arab Gas Pipeline.

Operation Eagle

In August 2011, Operation Eagle was launched, in an effort to restore law and order, driving Islamist insurgents and criminal gangs out of North Sinai's urban centers. As well as, attempting to severe the link between militant groups in the Sinai and Gaza, by augmenting its control over the Gaza border crossing.

The operation had limited success, and a week into the operation, salafi jihadists carried out the worst cross-border attack on Israel in the post-Mubarak period.

Operation Sinai

On 5 August 2012, an attack on the Rafah barracks shook the Egyptian military and population. Only a month into his term, President Mohamed Morsi sacked the longstanding defence minister and promoted General al Sisi to take his place. Operation Sinai was launched, aimed at eliminating armed Islamist groups, protecting the Suez Canal, and destroying the tunnel network connecting the Sinai with the Gaza Strip. During the operation, 32 militants and suspects were killed and 38 arrested, while 2 civilians had been killed by early September 2012.

2013–2014

Since the July 2013 coup, against President Mohamed Morsi, a Muslim Brotherhood leader, the Egyptian military and security services in particular have been targeted by Sinai-based violent Islamist groups. In an increase in violence security forces came under near daily attack throughout July to August 2013.

In 2013, the new authorities adopted a more aggressive strategy, leading to mass arrests and hard security measures. Over the few months leading to 2014, the Egyptian army gained the upper hand in the battle against militias that have found safe haven in the peninsula. After isolating and largely clearing the populated northeastern Sinai, the army put many militant factions on the defensive, most notably Ansar Bait al-Maqdis. However, one thousand armed militiamen are still sheltering in the main stronghold in Jabal Halal, as well as Jabal Amer area.

In November 2014, the situation in the Sinai was thrust into the spotlight with deadliest attack on the security forces since 2011, and the group responsible Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis pledging allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) forming the Sinai Province. In the wake of the attack on the security forces, the government declared state of emergency, imposing a curfew and establish a buffer zone in the Sinai's border area with Gaza.

May 2013 hostage crisis

On May 2013, a number of Egyptian Army police officers were taken hostage by armed tribesmen in the Sinai peninsula, with their videos released on the internet begging for their lives. As a response, Egypt’s government had built up security forces in northern Sinai as part of an effort to secure the release of six policemen and a border guard kidnapped by suspected militants. On 20–21 May, Egyptian troops and police, backed by helicopter gunships, conducted a sweep through a number of villages in northern Sinai, along the border with Israel. The officials said the forces came under fire from gunmen in vehicles, triggering the clashes. The clashes left one gunman dead by 21 May. The hostages were released on 22 May after talks between the captors and Bedouins. One suspect in the kidnapping was arrested on 30 May 2013.

July 2013 escalation following Morsi ousting

Since Mohamed Morsi's ouster on 3 July, there has been an increase in violence by armed Bedouin and Islamists. Attacks on security forces have been witnessed almost daily since his ouster — leading many to link the militants there to the Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamist group from which Morsi hails.

In response, Egypt launched a major military operation in Sinai, bringing in two additional battalions.

In the two weeks following 3 July, 39 terrorist attacks occurred in North Sinai. In the resulting clashes between armed groups and security forces, 52 gunmen and civilians and six security personnel died. On 15 July, witnessed the highest civilian casualties, when a bus transporting workers to the army-operated Al-Arish Cement Company was attacked. Five were killed and 15 were wounded. On 16 July, attacks resulted in some of the most intense army engagement, concentrated at Al-Masa'id, Al-Joura, and the Central Security camp at Al-Ahrash.

Security operations have been largely confined to the 40-kilometre area between Al-Arish and Sheikh Zuweid, extending northward toward Rafah along the border with Israel and up to the Karam Abu Salem crossing. Fighting intensifies between the gunmen and the joint army-police forces at night. The frequency of attacks has varied from two to five in a single day. In addition, targets have expanded from fixed security checkpoints to mobile patrols. In most operations, the gunmen use four-wheel drive vehicles and combinations of light and heavy weaponry. However, in three recent attacks RPG-7 launchers were used, most likely smuggled from Libya. The G-7 grenade is capable of penetrating armoured vehicles and is generally fired at the doors.

On 27 July, operation dubbed "Desert Storm" was launched by the Egyptian army in North Sinai Governorate and will last for 48 hours. Two of Egypt's field armies, as well as the country's Air Force and Navy are reportedly taking part in this large-scale operation. The military are said to be blocking all the roads, bridges and tunnels leading from Northern Sinai to other provinces of Egypt.

A bomb was placed at a hotel frequented by security officials on 2 August 2013, though it caused no injuries. A security source told the Egyptian newspaper Al-Masry Al-Youm that a majority of "terrorists" had been arrested as of 3 August 2013. 2 mausoleums were bombed on 4 August 2013, though no injuries resulted.

Twenty-five Egyptian policemen died in an attack in the northern region of Sinai, on 18 August. After militants forced two mini-buses carrying off-duty policemen to stop, ordered the policemen out and forced them to lie on the ground before shooting them. The Egyptian military arrested eleven people, including five Hamas members, three local residents and three foreign nationals, for their alleged involvement in the killings. The person who committed the murders confessed on 1 September 2013.

Military spokesperson Ahmed Ali said that Egyptian security forces recent operations in Sinai, from 5 July to 23 August, resulted in: 78 suspected militants killed, including 32 foreigners; 116 people injured; and 203 people arrested, including 48 foreigners, for their alleged involvement in attacks on security checkpoints in the peninsula. Additionally 343 tunnels on the border between Egypt and Gaza at Rafah have been destroyed.

On 3 September, fifteen Islamist militants were killed in an attack by military helicopters.

On 7 September, the Egyptian army launched a new operation in the region. The operation involved tanks and at least six Apache helicopters. The army have been jamming communications to thwart militant coordination. The army combed through areas near the Gaza Strip, including locations used by militants suspect in the killing and abduction of Egyptian soldiers over the past year. In the three days of operations, since 7 September, one officer, two soldiers and 29 militants were killed, and 39 militants were arrested.

On 11 September, suicide bomber targeted Egyptian military intelligence headquarters in Rafah, bringing down the structure, at the same time a car bomb had rammed an army checkpoint. In the simultaneous attack at least nine soldiers were killed.

On 24 December, 16 were killed and over 134 injured in a huge bomb which hit the Daqahliya Security Directorate in Mansoura, in the worst attack on a government site since the ouster of Morsi in July. Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, a Sinai-based group, claimed responsibility for the attack. The group deemed Egyptian troops infidels because they answer to a "secular government", warning them to desert or face death.

2014 helicopter downing

On 26 January, militants shot down an army Mi-17 helicopter in North Sinai, killing all five of its crew members. The weapon the insurgents used was an infrared-homing, surface-to-air missile from the Russian-made Igla family. This was the first time in Egyptian history that an armed nonstate actor dropped a state's military helicopter by a missile. Ansar Bait al-Maqdis claimed responsibility for this attack as well as series of escalating attacks on police and soldiers. Earlier that morning masked men in an SUV attacked a bus carrying soldiers in Sinai, killing at least three and injuring at least 11.

On 3 February, in what was described as the biggest operation in the Egyptian army's ongoing offensive against militants in the Sinai, 30 suspected militants were killed and another 15 injured in a series of airstrikes and another 16 were arrested.

2014 Taba bus bombing

On 16 February 2014, a bomb exploded on or under a tour bus of a South Korean church group in the Egyptian city of Taba, which borders the Gulf of Aqaba and Eilat, Israel. The bombing killed 4 people – 3 South Koreans and the Egyptian bus driver – and injured 17 others. According to The New York Times, the bombing could "offer worrying new evidence that militants who have been attacking Egypt's security forces for months were broadening their campaign against civilians."

October 2014 Sinai attacks

On 24 October 2014, 31 army and police soldiers were killed in two separate attacks in North Sinai. The attack was the largest ever since the start of the war on terror in Sinai. As a result of the attack, president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi declared a state of emergency in the governorate after meeting with the National Defence Council for several hours. The state of emergency was to last for three months and to include a daily curfew from 5pm to 7am until further notice.

On 10 November 2014, Ansar Bait al-Maqdis pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) forming the Sinai Province group with a confusingly similar name to two Egyptian regional governments.

On 14 November 2014, ISIL published a video online that included footage of the group carrying out the October 2014 Sinai attacks.

2015

During 2015, the intensity and the scale of insurgent attacks expanded.

January

On 12 January 2015, Sinai Province kidnapped a police officer while traveling in North Sinai and took him to an unknown location. On the following day on 13 January 2015, Egyptian military spokesperson announced the discovery of the dead body of the officer after launching a search operation. He also said that during the operation 10 militants were killed, while 2 others were arrested.

On 26 January 2015, Sinai Province published a video online that included the kidnapping and execution of the police officer kidnapped on 12 January.

January 2015 Sinai attacks

On 29 January 2015, militants from the Sinai Province militant group launched a series of attacks on army and police bases in Arish using car bombs and mortars. The attacks, which occurred in more than six different locations, resulted in 32 confirmed deaths including army personnel and civilians.

Security response

It was reported that on 6 February 2015 Egyptian security forces attacked the Sinai Province group, killing 47 Islamic militants in Northern Sinai.

March

On 10 March 2015, a suicide attack on a police barracks using a water tanker was stopped after security forces opened fire on the water tanker causing it to explode before it could get into the barracks. One civilian near the scene was killed and two others wounded in the blast, alongside dozens of wounded policemen.

April

On 2 April 2015, an attack on an army checkpoint resulted in the death of 15 soldiers, 2 civilians and 15 attackers. As a response to the attack, the Egyptian army launched an operation the following day allegedly killing 100 militants.

On 8 April 2015, eleven civilians were killed in Sheikh Zuweid when an unidentified rocket-propelled grenade hit their homes.

On 12 April 2015, 6 soldiers were killed when their armoured vehicle was bombed in North Sinai. On the same day, a separate attack on a police station in Arish resulted in the death of 5 policemen and 1 civilian. The attack on the station was carried out by a suicide bomber using a bomb-laden vehicle. Militant group Ansar Beit Al-Maqdis has claimed responsibility for the attacks.

On 27 April 2015, members from Al-Tarabin tribe in North Sinai launched an attack on Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis positions in Rafah. The attack came after Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis gunmen fatally shot a member of Al-Tarabin tribe in Berth village in southern Rafah, North Sinai, after he refused to take their warning statements ordering them not to deal with the Egyptian military.

May

On 16 May 2015, three Egyptian judges and their driver were killed when gunmen opened fire on their vehicle in North Sinai. The attack came hours after a Cairo court issued a preliminary death sentence against former president Mohamed Morsi and 105 other defendants on a range of charges, including murder.

June

On 9 June 2015, militants fired rockets at the direction of an airport in Sinai used by the multinational peacekeeping forces.

July

July 2015 Sinai attacks

On 1 July 2015, Sinai Province militants launched one of the

1. ^ "Al-Tarabeen tribe launches offensive against ISIS hideouts in Sinai". Sada El Balad. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
2. "Attack on Sinai base of Aust peacekeepers". Herald Sun. 15 September 2012.
3. "Perpetrators of second Rafah massacre arrested". Daily News Egypt. 1 September 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
4. "Egypt sentences 14 to death for 2011 Sinai attacks". The Times of Israel. 24 September 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
5. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2012/09/jihadists_attack_int.php
6. "Deadly attacks in Sinai highlight the region's growing instability". American Enterprise Institute. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
7. ^ "Egypt's Sinai desert: A haven for malcontents". The Economist. 13 July 2013. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
8. "Jund al Islam claims credit for Sinai suicide car bomb attacks". The Long War Journal. 12 September 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
9. "(Allied) Popular Resistance Movement". Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy.
10. ^ "Egypt army arrests head of Sinai radical militant group, dozens others". Ahram Online. 1 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
11. "Ansar al Sharia Egypt in the Sinai". Long War Journal. 6 July 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
12. Bill Roggio, Mujahideen Shura Council denies involvement in Sinai assault, Long War Journal (Foundation for the Defense of Democracies) 06-08-2012 Archived 15 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
13. "Jaysh al-Islam". Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
14. "Al Furqan Brigades". Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
15. "Ajnad Misr". Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
16. "'State of Sinai' claim attacks as part of 'IslamiYouth Uprising'". Daily News Egypt. 29 November 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
17. http://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/HJS-Terror-in-the-Sinai-Report-Colour-Web.pdf
18. "Al-Jihadeya Al-Salafeya leader Al-Zawahiri captured". Daily News Egypt. 17 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
19. "2 militants killed in North Sinai". Ahram Online. 31 August 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2014.
20. ^ "Egypt army kills 15 militants in Sinai". Xinhua. 9 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
21. "Islamic State's Egypt affiliate urges attacks on judges - recording". Reuters UK. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
22. "Egypt army says it killed Sinai-based leading militant - statement". Aswat Mariya. 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
23. "Egypt says top militant killed". Arab News. 2 August 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
24. "Sisi: Egyptians chose 'the difficult path'". 10 January 2017.
25. "Sinai, Egypt's unsolved problem". Ahram Online. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
26. "Egypt: ISIS attack kills 15 security personnel in north Sinai". Retrieved 20 March 2016.
27. Worth, Robert F. (2016). A Rage for Order: The Middle East in Turmoil, from Tahrir Square to ISIS. Pan Macmillan. p. 226. Retrieved 31 July 2016. The insurgency in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula was growing fiercer. At least two thousand soldiers and police had been killed in the preceding two year .
28. 13 Egypt policemen killed in Sinai attack claimed by IS
29. Soldiers, militants killed in clashes in Egypt's Sinai
30. Egypt military says two soldiers, 64 militants killed in Sinai
31. ^ "Sinai Peninsula – from Buffer Zone to Battlefield". February 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2016.
32. ^ "Clashes in Sinai over Morsi removal". Ahram Online. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
33. The Age, 16 February 2015: Egypt strikes back at Islamic State militants after beheading video, killing dozens
34. "Sinai population still striving for basic rights as unrest continues: Report". Ahram Online. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
35. "Mapping jihadi groups in Sinai". Egypt Independent. 10 August 2013. Retrieved 26 October 2013.
36. "Analysis: Egypt Tackles Increased Sinai Militancy". Lebanonwire.com. 22 May 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
37. Awad, Marwa (16 August 2011). "Egypt army operation nets militants in Sinai-sources". Reuters Africa. Cairo. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
38. Khaled, Osama (11 August 2011). "Special forces deployed to Sinai to restore security". Almasry Alyoum. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
39. "UPDATED: Egyptian troops strike hard in North Sinai after multiple attacks". Al Ahram. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
40. "Egypt Army kills 32, arrests 38 more in Sinai offensive". GlobalPost. 8 September 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
41. "The New Triangle of Egypt, Israel, and Hamas". Washington Institute. 12 January 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
42. ^ "More troops and equipment arrive in Egypt's Sinai as hostage crisis continues". Associated Press. 21 May 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
43. ^ "Suspect in kidnapping of Egyptian security men arrested". Reuters. 30 May 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
44. 19 August 2013, 3:22 AM (19 August 2013). "Egypt bloodletting rages with Islamic militants killing 25 police in Sinai Peninsula". CBS News. Retrieved 3 September 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
45. Christa Case Bryant. "Militants dig in as Egypt cracks down on jihadi sandbox in Sinai". CSMonitor.com. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
46. ^ "Sinai, Egypt's unsolved problem - Politics - Egypt - Ahram Online". English.ahram.org.eg. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
47. "Egypt army launches counter-extremist operation in Sinai — RT News". RT. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
48. "Bomb attack on Sinai hotel leaves no casualties". Ahram Online. 2 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
49. "Majority of terrorists in Sinai arrested: source". Egypt Independent. 3 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
50. "Two mausoleums bombed in north, central Sinai". Ahram Online. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
51. "Egypt bloodletting rages with Islamic militants killing 25 police in Sinai Peninsula". CBS News. 19 August 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
52. Miller, Elhanan (28 August 2013). "Five Hamas members arrested over Egyptian police massacre". Times of Israel. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
53. "Top Sinai militant confesses murder of 25 policemen: Security source". Ahram Online. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
54. "Egypt 'killed 78 militants' in recent operations in Sinai". English.ahram.org.eg. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
55. "Egypt army says 60 'terrorists' killed in Sinai in a month". Ahram Online. 7 August 2013. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
56. "Rocket attack kills 15 militants in Sinai: Egyptian state TV". Reuters. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
57. "9 Militants Are Reported Killed in Egyptian Army Raid in Sinai". New York Times. 7 September 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
58. ^ "Suicide bombings strike Egyptian military in border town in Sinai, killing 9". Associated Press. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.
59. "Egyptian tanks, helicopters push through Sinai". Associated Press. 9 September 2013. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
60. "Al-Qaida-linked group claims Egypt police attack". Associated Pres. 25 December 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
61. "Sinai's Ansar Bait Al-Maqdis claim responsibility for Egypt's Mansoura blast". Ahram Online. 25 December 2013.
63. ^ "Militants Down Egyptian Helicopter, Killing 5 Soldiers". The New York Times. 26 January 2014.
64. "Military airstrikes kill 30 militants in North Sinai: media reports". Ahram Online. 3 February 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2014.
65. "Egypt Bus Blast in Sinai Peninsula Kills Korean Tourists". Bloomberg News. 16 February 2014.
66. "Bombing of Tourist Bus Kills at Least Three in Sinai". The New York Times. 16 February 2014.
67. "State of Emergency declared in parts of North Sinai after attack kills 31 soldiers". Ahram Online. 24 October 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
68. "Fresh statement claims Ansar Bayt Al-Maqdis has allied with IS". Ahram Online. 10 November 2014. Retrieved 10 November 2014.
69. "ISIS Releases Graphic Propaganda Video For Ansar Bait al-Maqdis". International Business times. 14 November 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
70. "Kidnapped police captain in Sinai found dead: Army". 13 January 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
71. "Ansar Beit Al-Maqdis releases video of "policeman's execution"". Ahram Online. 26 January 2015. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
72. "At least 32 killed in Egypt as militants attack army and police targets in Sinai". The Guardian. 29 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
73. Kirkpatrick, David (30 January 2015). "Bomb Attacks at Security Sites in Sinai Kill at Least 26". New York Times. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
74. "Egyptian military kills 47 militants in the Sinai". Reuters. 6 February 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
75. "Bombs kill two, wound dozens in Egypt's North Sinai". Reuters. 10 March 2015. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
76. "Ansar Beit Al-Maqdis claims Thursday Sinai attacks". Ahram Online. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
77. "15 suspected militants killed in North Sinai raids - state agency". Aswat Masriya. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
78. "PressTV-Egypt kills 100 terrorists in Sinai". presstv.ir.
79. "Egypt army killed 29 suspected militants in North Sinai this week". Ahram Online. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
80. "UPDATE 3: At least 6 dead, including one civilian, in Arish suicide bomb attack". Ahram Online. 12 April 2015. Retrieved 12 April 2015.
81. "Rafah Bedouin killed, another abducted after Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis warns tribe". The Cairo Post. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2015.
82. "3 judges, driver killed in gun attack in Egypt's North Sinai". Ahram Online. 16 May 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
83. "Sinai Province fires rockets towards airport used by multinational peacekeepers". Hurriyet Daily News. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2015.

• Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)