Misplaced Pages

Barbaro family: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editNext edit →Content deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 20:29, 16 November 2016 edit109.252.53.181 (talk) →Notable members← Previous edit Revision as of 07:40, 28 May 2017 edit undoMagic links bot (talk | contribs)Bots291,110 editsm Replace magic links with templates per local RfC and MediaWiki RfCNext edit →
Line 3: Line 3:
]]] ]]]


The '''Barbaro family''' was a ] family of ]. They were wealthy and influential and owned large estates in the ] above ].<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1">'''', Jane Turner, New York, 2000 ISBN 0-333-76094-8</ref>{{rp|112}} Various members were noted as church leaders, diplomats, patrons of the arts, military commanders, philosophers, scholars, and scientists.<ref name="Falling Angels">'''', John Berendt, Penguin Books, 2006, ISBN 1-59420-058-0</ref>{{rp|150}}<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7">'''', Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981</ref>{{rp|275}} The '''Barbaro family''' was a ] family of ]. They were wealthy and influential and owned large estates in the ] above ].<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1">'''', Jane Turner, New York, 2000 {{ISBN|0-333-76094-8}}</ref>{{rp|112}} Various members were noted as church leaders, diplomats, patrons of the arts, military commanders, philosophers, scholars, and scientists.<ref name="Falling Angels">'''', John Berendt, Penguin Books, 2006, {{ISBN|1-59420-058-0}}</ref>{{rp|150}}<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7">'''', Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981</ref>{{rp|275}}


== History == == History ==
Barbaro family tradition claims they were descended the Roman ] Catellia<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|274}}<ref name="Früh-Humanismus">'''', Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932</ref>{{rp|11}} and more distantly from the ].<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|11}} Like other Venetian patrician families, they also claimed descent from Roman families with similar names, in this case ].<ref>'''', Craig Kallendorf, Oxford University Press, 1999, pg. 17</ref><ref>'''', Peter Ackroyd, Doubleday, New York, 2009, p.96</ref> Tradition also says they fled to ] to avoid persecution during the reign of Emperor ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|274}} The family’s wealth came from the salt trade.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://venice.jc-r.net/palaces/barbaro-curtis.htm|title=Palazzo Barbaro-Curtis website}}.</ref> Barbaro family tradition claims they were descended the Roman ] Catellia<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|274}}<ref name="Früh-Humanismus">'''', Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932</ref>{{rp|11}} and more distantly from the ].<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|11}} Like other Venetian patrician families, they also claimed descent from Roman families with similar names, in this case ].<ref>'''', Craig Kallendorf, Oxford University Press, 1999, pg. 17</ref><ref>'''', Peter Ackroyd, Doubleday, New York, 2009, p.96</ref> Tradition also says they fled to ] to avoid persecution during the reign of Emperor ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|274}} The family’s wealth came from the salt trade.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://venice.jc-r.net/palaces/barbaro-curtis.htm|title=Palazzo Barbaro-Curtis website}}.</ref>


Records show the family moved from ] to ] in 706 and then to Venice in 868.<<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|274}}<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|11}}<ref name="Das Schiff">'''', Hermann Schreiber, München, 1979</ref>{{rp|161}} At this time the family's ] was Magadesi.<ref name="Poggio Bracciolini">'''', ], Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London, 1837</ref>{{rp|87}}<ref name="nella storia">'''', Michela Marangoni, Manlio Pastore Stocchi, Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, 1996, ISBN 88-86166-34-6</ref>{{rp|136}} (Alternate spellings were Magadezzi<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|11}}<ref name="Das Schiff"/>{{rp|161}} and Maghadesi.)<ref name="La vie d'un patricien">'''', Charles Yriarte, Paris, 1874</ref>{{rp|7}} Records show the family moved from ] to ] in 706 and then to Venice in 868.<<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|274}}<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|11}}<ref name="Das Schiff">'''', Hermann Schreiber, München, 1979</ref>{{rp|161}} At this time the family's ] was Magadesi.<ref name="Poggio Bracciolini">'''', ], Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London, 1837</ref>{{rp|87}}<ref name="nella storia">'''', Michela Marangoni, Manlio Pastore Stocchi, Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, 1996, {{ISBN|88-86166-34-6}}</ref>{{rp|136}} (Alternate spellings were Magadezzi<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|11}}<ref name="Das Schiff"/>{{rp|161}} and Maghadesi.)<ref name="La vie d'un patricien">'''', Charles Yriarte, Paris, 1874</ref>{{rp|7}}


The first recorded member of the family was Paolo Magadesi, who was ].<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|14}}<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|8}} Charles Yriarte says this occurred when ] was Doge of Venice (836-864),<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|8}} though most sources say the family did not live in Venice until later.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|274}}<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|11}}<ref name="Das Schiff"/>{{rp|161}} The first recorded member of the family was Paolo Magadesi, who was ].<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|14}}<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|8}} Charles Yriarte says this occurred when ] was Doge of Venice (836-864),<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|8}} though most sources say the family did not live in Venice until later.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|274}}<ref name="Früh-Humanismus"/>{{rp|11}}<ref name="Das Schiff"/>{{rp|161}}
Line 17: Line 17:
The Barbaro family was recognized as one of the leading families (Ottomati) of the Republic of Venice in the year 992. In 1297, the ] (Senate of Venice) recognized the family as ]<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} The ] confirmed the family status as Patricians as part of a series of resolutions issued from 1818-1821.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} This status was officially recorded again in Venice in 1891 for all members of the family.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} The Barbaro family was recognized as one of the leading families (Ottomati) of the Republic of Venice in the year 992. In 1297, the ] (Senate of Venice) recognized the family as ]<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} The ] confirmed the family status as Patricians as part of a series of resolutions issued from 1818-1821.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} This status was officially recorded again in Venice in 1891 for all members of the family.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}}


In the sixteenth century there was a division between those Venetian families who opposed or favored the influence of the ]. The latter opposed the law that barred holders of church offices from also holding political appointments in Venice. The Barbaro family was part of this "papalist" group, along with the Badoer, ], Emo, Foscari, ], and Pisani families.<ref name="Venice and the Renaissance">'''', Manfredo Tafuri, trans. Jessica Levine, 1989, ], ISBN 0-262-70054-9</ref>{{rp|113}} These families also acted as patrons of ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="Venice and the Renaissance"/>{{rp|113}} In the sixteenth century there was a division between those Venetian families who opposed or favored the influence of the ]. The latter opposed the law that barred holders of church offices from also holding political appointments in Venice. The Barbaro family was part of this "papalist" group, along with the Badoer, ], Emo, Foscari, ], and Pisani families.<ref name="Venice and the Renaissance">'''', Manfredo Tafuri, trans. Jessica Levine, 1989, ], {{ISBN|0-262-70054-9}}</ref>{{rp|113}} These families also acted as patrons of ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="Venice and the Renaissance"/>{{rp|113}}


The Barbaro family fortunes diminished after ]'s defeat of Venice and they had to turn most of the ] into apartments.<ref name="Falling Angels"/>{{rp|150}} By the time art critic ] visited Venice in 1851 all that was left of the once powerful Barbaro family were a pair of elderly brothers living in poverty in the garret of the ].<ref name="Views of Venice">'''', Antonio Canaletto, Antonio Visentini, J. G. Links, Dover Publications, 1971, ISBN 0-486-22627-1</ref>{{rp|20}} The Barbaro family fortunes diminished after ]'s defeat of Venice and they had to turn most of the ] into apartments.<ref name="Falling Angels"/>{{rp|150}} By the time art critic ] visited Venice in 1851 all that was left of the once powerful Barbaro family were a pair of elderly brothers living in poverty in the garret of the ].<ref name="Views of Venice">'''', Antonio Canaletto, Antonio Visentini, J. G. Links, Dover Publications, 1971, {{ISBN|0-486-22627-1}}</ref>{{rp|20}}


Ruskin wrote that the poverty of these last members of the Barbaro family was justice for the family having rebuilt the Church of ] as a monument to themselves, which Ruskin called “a manifestation of insolent atheism”.<ref name="Views of Venice"/>{{rp|78}} The last of the family died in the mid-nineteenth century.<ref name="Falling Angels"/>{{rp|150}} Ruskin wrote that the poverty of these last members of the Barbaro family was justice for the family having rebuilt the Church of ] as a monument to themselves, which Ruskin called “a manifestation of insolent atheism”.<ref name="Views of Venice"/>{{rp|78}} The last of the family died in the mid-nineteenth century.<ref name="Falling Angels"/>{{rp|150}}
Line 39: Line 39:


== Notable members == == Notable members ==
The brothers ] and ], were patrons of the architect ] and the painter ].<ref>Hobson, Anthony, "Villa Barbaro", in ’'Great Houses of Europe", ed. ] (London: Weidenfeld, 1961), pp. 89-97. ISBN 0-600-33843-6</ref> Barbaro-family members acted as deans and professors of the ]. Several members were also ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}}<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|11}}<ref name="Patriarchate of Aquileia">{{cite web | url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/aqui0.htm | title=The Patriarchate of Aquileia | accessdate=2010-10-05}}</ref> The brothers ] and ], were patrons of the architect ] and the painter ].<ref>Hobson, Anthony, "Villa Barbaro", in ’'Great Houses of Europe", ed. ] (London: Weidenfeld, 1961), pp. 89-97. {{ISBN|0-600-33843-6}}</ref> Barbaro-family members acted as deans and professors of the ]. Several members were also ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}}<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|11}}<ref name="Patriarchate of Aquileia">{{cite web | url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/former/aqui0.htm | title=The Patriarchate of Aquileia | accessdate=2010-10-05}}</ref>


].]] ].]]
Line 58: Line 58:
].]] ].]]
*Francesco Barbaro (c.1398) Son of Marco. One of the founders of the Congregazione dei Canonici Secolari (Secular Canons) of San Giorgio in ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} *Francesco Barbaro (c.1398) Son of Marco. One of the founders of the Congregazione dei Canonici Secolari (Secular Canons) of San Giorgio in ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}}
*] (1398–1454) Son of Candiano,<ref name="general bio Vol 3">'''', ], ], 1857 ISBN 0-333-76094-8</ref>{{rp|135}} uncle to ]<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|136}} Author, diplomat, politician, and military commander. Honored for his defense of ] from 1432 to 1435 against the Milanese under ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} A painting on this subject by ], ''La difesa di Brescia'', hung in the ] of Venice. .<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}} Ambassador to ] of the ]. Made Knight of the Holy Roman Empire in 1448. Elected Procurator of San Marco. Noted scholar with many works. Subject of a 1932 biography by ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}} *] (1398–1454) Son of Candiano,<ref name="general bio Vol 3">'''', ], ], 1857 {{ISBN|0-333-76094-8}}</ref>{{rp|135}} uncle to ]<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|136}} Author, diplomat, politician, and military commander. Honored for his defense of ] from 1432 to 1435 against the Milanese under ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} A painting on this subject by ], ''La difesa di Brescia'', hung in the ] of Venice. .<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}} Ambassador to ] of the ]. Made Knight of the Holy Roman Empire in 1448. Elected Procurator of San Marco. Noted scholar with many works. Subject of a 1932 biography by ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}
*Almoro Barbaro (c.1403) Son of Adamo. Captain of a galley in the victory of ] against the Genoese.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} *Almoro Barbaro (c.1403) Son of Adamo. Captain of a galley in the victory of ] against the Genoese.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}}
*] (1410-1471/1474), Son of Zaccaria and nephew to ].<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|136}} ](1443–1453). ](1453-?).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/trev0.htm | title=The Diocese of Treviso | accessdate=2010-02-05}}</ref> Governor of ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}} *] (1410-1471/1474), Son of Zaccaria and nephew to ].<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|136}} ](1443–1453). ](1453-?).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/trev0.htm | title=The Diocese of Treviso | accessdate=2010-02-05}}</ref> Governor of ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}
Line 64: Line 64:
*Nicolo Barbaro was Auditor of ] from 1413 to 1414.<ref name="Notizie storiche">'''', Parenzo, 1876</ref>{{rp|194}} *Nicolo Barbaro was Auditor of ] from 1413 to 1414.<ref name="Notizie storiche">'''', Parenzo, 1876</ref>{{rp|194}}
*Marco Barbaro, son of Jacopo, was ] of ]o from 1419 to 1421,<ref name="Atti e memorie Vol 4">'''', Trieste : Società Istriana di Archeologia e Storia Patria, 1996</ref>{{rp|199}} and Ambassador to ] in 1423,<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} ] of ]o from 1430 to 1431,<ref name="Atti e memorie Vol 4"/>{{rp|199}} and Captain of ] from 1431 to 1437.<ref name="Pagine istriane">'''', Associazione istriana di studi e storia patria, Centro di cultura Giuliano Dalmata, Societa istriana di archeology, Trieste, 1905</ref>{{rp|178}} *Marco Barbaro, son of Jacopo, was ] of ]o from 1419 to 1421,<ref name="Atti e memorie Vol 4">'''', Trieste : Società Istriana di Archeologia e Storia Patria, 1996</ref>{{rp|199}} and Ambassador to ] in 1423,<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|275}} ] of ]o from 1430 to 1431,<ref name="Atti e memorie Vol 4"/>{{rp|199}} and Captain of ] from 1431 to 1437.<ref name="Pagine istriane">'''', Associazione istriana di studi e storia patria, Centro di cultura Giuliano Dalmata, Societa istriana di archeology, Trieste, 1905</ref>{{rp|178}}
*] (1413–1494) Son of Antonio. Traveled to ] in 1436.<ref>'''', J Fr Michaud; Louis Gabriel Michaud, Paris, Michaud, 1811-28., pg. 327</ref> In 1473, he was one of several Venetian ambassadors to Persia.<ref>'''', Franz Babinger, Trans. Ralph Manheim, Princeton University Press; 1992, p.305 ISBN 0-691-01078-1</ref> Barbaro also served as ] of the Army in ] fighting with ] against the Turks.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|137}} Barbaro served as Captain of ] and ] of all ] from 1482 to 1483.<ref name="Dei rettori">'''', Giovanni Durazzo, Venezia, Tip. del Commercio, 1865</ref>{{rp|16}} Barbaro wrote about his travels<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|137}} *] (1413–1494) Son of Antonio. Traveled to ] in 1436.<ref>'''', J Fr Michaud; Louis Gabriel Michaud, Paris, Michaud, 1811-28., pg. 327</ref> In 1473, he was one of several Venetian ambassadors to Persia.<ref>'''', Franz Babinger, Trans. Ralph Manheim, Princeton University Press; 1992, p.305 {{ISBN|0-691-01078-1}}</ref> Barbaro also served as ] of the Army in ] fighting with ] against the Turks.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|137}} Barbaro served as Captain of ] and ] of all ] from 1482 to 1483.<ref name="Dei rettori">'''', Giovanni Durazzo, Venezia, Tip. del Commercio, 1865</ref>{{rp|16}} Barbaro wrote about his travels<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|137}}
*] (1420–1494) Son of Marco. Wrote an eyewitness account of the ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|11}} *] (1420–1494) Son of Marco. Wrote an eyewitness account of the ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|11}}
*Andréa Barbaro was ] of ] and ] from 1421 to 1423.<ref name="Chroniques gréco-romanes">'''', Carl Hermann Friedrich Johann Hopf, Weidmann, 1873</ref>{{rp|380}} *Andréa Barbaro was ] of ] and ] from 1421 to 1423.<ref name="Chroniques gréco-romanes">'''', Carl Hermann Friedrich Johann Hopf, Weidmann, 1873</ref>{{rp|380}}
*Zaccaria Barbaro. (1422–1492) He was the only son of ]<ref>'''', Cesare Cantů, Civelli, 1856, pg.128</ref><ref name="A Documentary History">''Venice: A Documentary History, 1450-1630'', Brian Pullan, 2001, University of Toronto Press</ref>{{rp|201}}<ref name="Contemporaries of Erasmus">'''', Peter G Bietenholz; niv. of Toronto Press 2003, ISBN 0-8020-8577-6</ref>{{rp|91}} and the father of ].<ref name="A Documentary History"/>{{rp|201}}<ref name="Contemporaries of Erasmus"/>{{rp|91}} and Alvise Barbaro, Cavalier, Procurator, and ] al Sal<ref name="A Documentary History"/>{{rp|201}} Zaccaria served as ambassador to the Courts of Naples and Milan,<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref>'''', Margaret Reeves, Richard Raiswell, Mark Crane, Toronto Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2004, pg. 92 ISBN 0-7727-2023-1</ref> and served as ].<ref name="Magnificent Italian villas">'''', Massimo Listri, Cesare M. Cunaccia, New York, NY, 2003, ISBN 0-8478-2591-4</ref>{{rp|90}}<ref>'''', Istituto grafico tiberino, Rome, 1962, pg. 107</ref><ref>'''', David Clément, Hannover, 1751, pg. 409</ref><ref>'''', Apostolo Zeno, 1753, pg. 360</ref> In 1465, Zaccaria purchased the ] in San Vitale on the ] which remained in the family's possession until 1864.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="Venice on foot"/>{{rp|278}}<ref name="Magnificent Italian villas"/>{{rp|90}} In 1480, Zaccaria served as ambassador to the Papal court of ].<ref>'''', Kenneth M. Setton, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 1976, pg. 340 ISBN 0-87169-114-0</ref> During the ] Zaccaria served as an army commander.<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|7}}<ref name="Magnificent Italian villas"/>{{rp|90}} *Zaccaria Barbaro. (1422–1492) He was the only son of ]<ref>'''', Cesare Cantů, Civelli, 1856, pg.128</ref><ref name="A Documentary History">''Venice: A Documentary History, 1450-1630'', Brian Pullan, 2001, University of Toronto Press</ref>{{rp|201}}<ref name="Contemporaries of Erasmus">'''', Peter G Bietenholz; niv. of Toronto Press 2003, {{ISBN|0-8020-8577-6}}</ref>{{rp|91}} and the father of ].<ref name="A Documentary History"/>{{rp|201}}<ref name="Contemporaries of Erasmus"/>{{rp|91}} and Alvise Barbaro, Cavalier, Procurator, and ] al Sal<ref name="A Documentary History"/>{{rp|201}} Zaccaria served as ambassador to the Courts of Naples and Milan,<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref>'''', Margaret Reeves, Richard Raiswell, Mark Crane, Toronto Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2004, pg. 92 {{ISBN|0-7727-2023-1}}</ref> and served as ].<ref name="Magnificent Italian villas">'''', Massimo Listri, Cesare M. Cunaccia, New York, NY, 2003, {{ISBN|0-8478-2591-4}}</ref>{{rp|90}}<ref>'''', Istituto grafico tiberino, Rome, 1962, pg. 107</ref><ref>'''', David Clément, Hannover, 1751, pg. 409</ref><ref>'''', Apostolo Zeno, 1753, pg. 360</ref> In 1465, Zaccaria purchased the ] in San Vitale on the ] which remained in the family's possession until 1864.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="Venice on foot"/>{{rp|278}}<ref name="Magnificent Italian villas"/>{{rp|90}} In 1480, Zaccaria served as ambassador to the Papal court of ].<ref>'''', Kenneth M. Setton, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 1976, pg. 340 {{ISBN|0-87169-114-0}}</ref> During the ] Zaccaria served as an army commander.<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|7}}<ref name="Magnificent Italian villas"/>{{rp|90}}
*Benedetto Barbaro was Captain of ] in 1423.<ref name="Pagine istriane"/>{{rp|178}} and Auditor of ] from 1433 to 1435.<ref name="Notizie storiche"/>{{rp|194}} *Benedetto Barbaro was Captain of ] in 1423.<ref name="Pagine istriane"/>{{rp|178}} and Auditor of ] from 1433 to 1435.<ref name="Notizie storiche"/>{{rp|194}}
*Matteo Barbaro was Auditor of ] from 1423 to 1424.<ref name="Notizie storiche"/>{{rp|194}} *Matteo Barbaro was Auditor of ] from 1423 to 1424.<ref name="Notizie storiche"/>{{rp|194}}
Line 77: Line 77:
*Donato Barbaro, son of Andréa, was Captain of ] from 1450 to 1451,<ref name="Istoria della insigne">'''', Lorenzo Fondra, Venezia, 1855</ref>{{rp|293}} and ] and ] of ] in 1455,<ref name="Chroniques gréco-romanes"/>{{rp|380}} and Captain of ] from 1462 to 1465.<ref name="Istoria della insigne"/>{{rp|293}} *Donato Barbaro, son of Andréa, was Captain of ] from 1450 to 1451,<ref name="Istoria della insigne">'''', Lorenzo Fondra, Venezia, 1855</ref>{{rp|293}} and ] and ] of ] in 1455,<ref name="Chroniques gréco-romanes"/>{{rp|380}} and Captain of ] from 1462 to 1465.<ref name="Istoria della insigne"/>{{rp|293}}
] ]
*] (1455–1497) Son of Zaccaria Barbaro, and the grandson of ].<ref name="Contemporaries of Erasmus"/>{{rp|91}}<ref>'''', Pierio Valeriano; Julia Haig Gaisser, University of Michigan Press, 1999, pg.288, ISBN 0-472-11055-1</ref> He was also the uncle of ] and ]<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|137}} Ambassador to ], ]. Patriarch of Aquileia 1491-1493<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="Patriarchate of Aquileia"/> *] (1455–1497) Son of Zaccaria Barbaro, and the grandson of ].<ref name="Contemporaries of Erasmus"/>{{rp|91}}<ref>'''', Pierio Valeriano; Julia Haig Gaisser, University of Michigan Press, 1999, pg.288, {{ISBN|0-472-11055-1}}</ref> He was also the uncle of ] and ]<ref name="general bio Vol 3"/>{{rp|137}} Ambassador to ], ]. Patriarch of Aquileia 1491-1493<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="Patriarchate of Aquileia"/>
*Marco Barbaro was Auditor of ] in 1458.<ref name="Notizie storiche"/>{{rp|195}} *Marco Barbaro was Auditor of ] in 1458.<ref name="Notizie storiche"/>{{rp|195}}
*Francesco Barbaro was ] of ] from 1458 to 1459.<ref name="Strenna cronologica">'''', Gius. Dom. Della Bona, Gorizia 1856</ref>{{rp|126}} *Francesco Barbaro was ] of ] from 1458 to 1459.<ref name="Strenna cronologica">'''', Gius. Dom. Della Bona, Gorizia 1856</ref>{{rp|126}}
Line 93: Line 93:
*Giacomo Barbaro was Massaro all’oro at the ] (the Venetian Mint) in 1489.<ref name="Archivio veneto Vol 14">'''', Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie, 1877</ref>{{rp|343}} *Giacomo Barbaro was Massaro all’oro at the ] (the Venetian Mint) in 1489.<ref name="Archivio veneto Vol 14">'''', Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie, 1877</ref>{{rp|343}}
*Paolo Barbaro was ] of ] in 1485 <ref name="Archivio storico italiano"/>{{rp|145}} and ] of ] from 1490 to 1492.<ref name="Strenna cronologica"/>{{rp|126}} *Paolo Barbaro was ] of ] in 1485 <ref name="Archivio storico italiano"/>{{rp|145}} and ] of ] from 1490 to 1492.<ref name="Strenna cronologica"/>{{rp|126}}
*Ermolao Barbaro (1493–1556) Son of Alvise Barbaro and nephew of ]. After holding a series of junior naval and diplomatic posts, he became Governor of ] from 1544–55 and governor of ] from 1548-50.<ref name="Contemporaries of Erasmus"/>{{rp|92}}<ref name="Renaissance book collecting">'''', Anthony Hobson, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65129-8</ref>{{rp|244}} *Ermolao Barbaro (1493–1556) Son of Alvise Barbaro and nephew of ]. After holding a series of junior naval and diplomatic posts, he became Governor of ] from 1544–55 and governor of ] from 1548-50.<ref name="Contemporaries of Erasmus"/>{{rp|92}}<ref name="Renaissance book collecting">'''', Anthony Hobson, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1999, {{ISBN|0-521-65129-8}}</ref>{{rp|244}}
*Daniele Barbaro was Auditor of ] in 1499.<ref name="L'Archeografo triestino"/>{{rp|193}} *Daniele Barbaro was Auditor of ] in 1499.<ref name="L'Archeografo triestino"/>{{rp|193}}
*Lunardo Barbaro was Massaro all’oro at the ] (the Venetian Mint) in 1504.<ref name="Archivio veneto Vol 14"/>{{rp|344}} *Lunardo Barbaro was Massaro all’oro at the ] (the Venetian Mint) in 1504.<ref name="Archivio veneto Vol 14"/>{{rp|344}}
Line 105: Line 105:
*]. (1511–1570) Son of Marco. Genealogist of the families of Venice. His work is preserved in the ] in London.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|7}} *]. (1511–1570) Son of Marco. Genealogist of the families of Venice. His work is preserved in the ] in London.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}<ref name="La vie d'un patricien"/>{{rp|7}}
] (the books in the painting are by Barbaro himself)]] ] (the books in the painting are by Barbaro himself)]]
*] (1514–1574) Son of Francesco. Historian, humanist, and diplomat.<ref>'''', Vincent Ilardi, Philadelphia, PA : American Philosophical Society, 2007, pg. 220 ISBN 978-0-87169-259-7</ref> Mathematician, philosopher, and theologian. Owner of Villa Barbaro. Founded the ]. Served on the ]. Created Cardinal ] in 1561, revealed as Cardinal in 1571, Patriarch of Aquileia 1550-1570.<ref name="Patriarchate of Aquileia"/><ref name="between religion and politics">'''', Paul F. Grendler, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006, ISBN 0-86078-989-6</ref>{{rp|72}} Ambassador to England. Allowed by Queen Elizabeth to quarter the red and white Tudor roses in his arms. Historian of Venice. Patron of ]. A portrait of him by Veronese hangs in the ] of ], another in the ], and one by ] in the ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}} *] (1514–1574) Son of Francesco. Historian, humanist, and diplomat.<ref>'''', Vincent Ilardi, Philadelphia, PA : American Philosophical Society, 2007, pg. 220 {{ISBN|978-0-87169-259-7}}</ref> Mathematician, philosopher, and theologian. Owner of Villa Barbaro. Founded the ]. Served on the ]. Created Cardinal ] in 1561, revealed as Cardinal in 1571, Patriarch of Aquileia 1550-1570.<ref name="Patriarchate of Aquileia"/><ref name="between religion and politics">'''', Paul F. Grendler, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006, {{ISBN|0-86078-989-6}}</ref>{{rp|72}} Ambassador to England. Allowed by Queen Elizabeth to quarter the red and white Tudor roses in his arms. Historian of Venice. Patron of ]. A portrait of him by Veronese hangs in the ] of ], another in the ], and one by ] in the ].<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}}
].]] ].]]
*] (1518–1595) Son of Francesco, Brother of Patriarch Daniele. Co-owner of ] Diplomat, ambassador to ].<ref name="between religion and politics"/>{{rp|72}} ], imprisoned during the ].<ref name="between religion and politics"/>{{rp|72}} Procurator of San Marco. Inquisitor in Corfu. Regent of the ]. President of the construction of the ]. A portrait by ] hung in the ] in ], but was returned to Italy after World War I. With his brother Daniele, built the ] in Maser (Treviso), with work by ] and ] and frescoes by Veronese.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}} Subject of the work ’'La vie d'un patricien de Venise au XVI siècle " by French academic ] in 1874 in Paris.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|277}} *] (1518–1595) Son of Francesco, Brother of Patriarch Daniele. Co-owner of ] Diplomat, ambassador to ].<ref name="between religion and politics"/>{{rp|72}} ], imprisoned during the ].<ref name="between religion and politics"/>{{rp|72}} Procurator of San Marco. Inquisitor in Corfu. Regent of the ]. President of the construction of the ]. A portrait by ] hung in the ] in ], but was returned to Italy after World War I. With his brother Daniele, built the ] in Maser (Treviso), with work by ] and ] and frescoes by Veronese.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|276}} Subject of the work ’'La vie d'un patricien de Venise au XVI siècle " by French academic ] in 1874 in Paris.<ref name="storico-nobiliare Vol 7"/>{{rp|277}}
Line 142: Line 142:
*Pietro Alvise Barbaro was ] of ] and ] from 1612 to 1614.<ref name="L Istria Vol 1"></ref>{{rp|234}} *Pietro Alvise Barbaro was ] of ] and ] from 1612 to 1614.<ref name="L Istria Vol 1"></ref>{{rp|234}}
*Almoro Barbaro, son of Luigi, was ] of ] from 1615 to 1617.<ref name="Chroniques gréco-romanes"/>{{rp|408}}<ref name="Calendar of state papers">'''', A B Hinds, London, 1908</ref>{{rp|81}} Plague struck Zante in 1617.<ref name="Calendar of state papers"/>{{rp|580}} *Almoro Barbaro, son of Luigi, was ] of ] from 1615 to 1617.<ref name="Chroniques gréco-romanes"/>{{rp|408}}<ref name="Calendar of state papers">'''', A B Hinds, London, 1908</ref>{{rp|81}} Plague struck Zante in 1617.<ref name="Calendar of state papers"/>{{rp|580}}
*Antonio Barbaro was ] General in ] during the ].<ref name="Calendar of state papers"/>{{rp|241}} He was relieved on the grounds of illness in 1616, but reappointed in 1617.<ref>'''', M.E. Mallett and J.R. Hale, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1984, pg. 279 ISBN 0-521-24842-6</ref> *Antonio Barbaro was ] General in ] during the ].<ref name="Calendar of state papers"/>{{rp|241}} He was relieved on the grounds of illness in 1616, but reappointed in 1617.<ref>'''', M.E. Mallett and J.R. Hale, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1984, pg. 279 {{ISBN|0-521-24842-6}}</ref>
*Marin Barbaro was ] of ] from 1618 to 1621.<ref name="Pagine istriane"/>{{rp|166}} *Marin Barbaro was ] of ] from 1618 to 1621.<ref name="Pagine istriane"/>{{rp|166}}
].]] ].]]
Line 240: Line 240:
The Barbaro family commissioned works from and actively supported the careers of several men. This list includes: The Barbaro family commissioned works from and actively supported the careers of several men. This list includes:


*].<ref>'''', Alison Knowles Frazier, New York : Columbia University Press, 2005, pg. 224 ISBN 0-231-12976-9</ref> *].<ref>'''', Alison Knowles Frazier, New York : Columbia University Press, 2005, pg. 224 {{ISBN|0-231-12976-9}}</ref>
*].<ref name="The Baroque"/>{{rp|307}} *].<ref name="The Baroque"/>{{rp|307}}
*]<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}} *]<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}}
Line 249: Line 249:
*] *]
*] *]
*]<ref>'''', Frederic Chapin Lane, JHU Press, 1973, pg.219, ISBN 0-8018-1445-6</ref> *]<ref>'''', Frederic Chapin Lane, JHU Press, 1973, pg.219, {{ISBN|0-8018-1445-6}}</ref>
*]<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}}<ref>'''', London, 1867, pg. 737 ISBN 0-521-65129-8</ref> *]<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}}<ref>'''', London, 1867, pg. 737 {{ISBN|0-521-65129-8}}</ref>
*]<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}} *]<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}}


Line 266: Line 266:
*] at ]. One of the best known of ]'s villas, which he built for ] and ].<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}} *] at ]. One of the best known of ]'s villas, which he built for ] and ].<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}}
*The family also owned a property in the San Giovanni district. ] established an academy of philosophy there in 1484.<ref name="Origini della Toponomastica"/> *The family also owned a property in the San Giovanni district. ] established an academy of philosophy there in 1484.<ref name="Origini della Toponomastica"/>
*In 1593-4 ] was one of the Venetian nobles in charge of the building of the star-shaped fortress town of ] in ].<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|114}} Marcantonio headed the group, ] was in charge of construction, and ] acted as an adviser.<ref>'''', John Rigby Hale, London Hambledon Press, 1983, pg. 185 ISBN 0-907628-02-8</ref> *In 1593-4 ] was one of the Venetian nobles in charge of the building of the star-shaped fortress town of ] in ].<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|114}} Marcantonio headed the group, ] was in charge of construction, and ] acted as an adviser.<ref>'''', John Rigby Hale, London Hambledon Press, 1983, pg. 185 {{ISBN|0-907628-02-8}}</ref>
*Daniele Barbaro may have designed the ] in ], alone or in collaboration with Palladio. Like the ], ] and ] probably also worked on the project, which was completed in 1557.<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}} *Daniele Barbaro may have designed the ] in ], alone or in collaboration with Palladio. Like the ], ] and ] probably also worked on the project, which was completed in 1557.<ref name="Italian Renaissance Vol 1"/>{{rp|113}}


Revision as of 07:40, 28 May 2017

This article is about the historical Venetian family. For the modern criminal organization, see Barbaro 'ndrina.
The Glorification of the Barbaro Family by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

The Barbaro family was a patrician family of Venice. They were wealthy and influential and owned large estates in the Veneto above Treviso. Various members were noted as church leaders, diplomats, patrons of the arts, military commanders, philosophers, scholars, and scientists.

History

Barbaro family tradition claims they were descended the Roman gens Catellia and more distantly from the Fabii. Like other Venetian patrician families, they also claimed descent from Roman families with similar names, in this case Ahenobarbus. Tradition also says they fled to Istria to avoid persecution during the reign of Emperor Diocletian. The family’s wealth came from the salt trade.

Records show the family moved from Pula to Trieste in 706 and then to Venice in 868.< At this time the family's surname was Magadesi. (Alternate spellings were Magadezzi and Maghadesi.)

The first recorded member of the family was Paolo Magadesi, who was Procurator of San Marco. Charles Yriarte says this occurred when Pietro Tradonico was Doge of Venice (836-864), though most sources say the family did not live in Venice until later. An Antonio Magadesi was also Procurator of San Marco in 968. and Johannes Magadesi was a presbyter of the Church of San Zorzi in 982 and has also been cited as the first member of the Barbaro family that we have a historical record of.

Recorded genealogy of the Barbaro family begins in 1121 with Marco, naval commander and creator of the modern coat of arms, who changed his surname name from Magadesi to Barbaro.

The Barbaro family was recognized as one of the leading families (Ottomati) of the Republic of Venice in the year 992. In 1297, the Maggior Consiglio (Senate of Venice) recognized the family as patricians The Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia confirmed the family status as Patricians as part of a series of resolutions issued from 1818-1821. This status was officially recorded again in Venice in 1891 for all members of the family.

In the sixteenth century there was a division between those Venetian families who opposed or favored the influence of the Holy See. The latter opposed the law that barred holders of church offices from also holding political appointments in Venice. The Barbaro family was part of this "papalist" group, along with the Badoer, Corner, Emo, Foscari, Grimani, and Pisani families. These families also acted as patrons of Battista Franco, Palladio, Francesco Salviati, Michele Sanmicheli, Giovanni da Udine, and Federico Zuccari.

The Barbaro family fortunes diminished after Napoleon's defeat of Venice and they had to turn most of the Palazzi Barbaro into apartments. By the time art critic John Ruskin visited Venice in 1851 all that was left of the once powerful Barbaro family were a pair of elderly brothers living in poverty in the garret of the Palazzo Barbaro.

Ruskin wrote that the poverty of these last members of the Barbaro family was justice for the family having rebuilt the Church of Santa Maria Zobenigo as a monument to themselves, which Ruskin called “a manifestation of insolent atheism”. The last of the family died in the mid-nineteenth century.

Some branches of the family survived outside Venice. The most prominent was in Malta, but there were also branches in Galatia and other parts of Italy.

Family arms

There is disagreement over the form of the ancient Barbaro coat of arms. Johannes Rietstap and others identify it as “'D'or, à deux bandes d'azur, accompagne de deux roses du même”, a gold field with two bands of blue between two roses of the same color. d'Eschavannes identifies it as “D'azur, à trois roses d'or”', a blue field with three gold roses.

The Barbaro coat of arms

Sources agree that the modern Barbaro coat of arms is ’'D'argent, au cyclamore de gueules, a red ring on a white field.

The modern Barbaro family arms were officially recognized by the Venetian Senate in 1125 in remembrance of Marco Barbaro cutting off the hand of a Moor during a naval action near Ascalon and using the bleeding stump to draw a circle onto a turban, which he flew as a pennant from his masthead.

Until this incident, he was known as Marco Magadesi. Saracens boarded the galley he commanded and tore down the ship's flag, which bore the family coat of arms. Marco Magadesi used the bloody turban as an improvised flag to let the rest of the fleet know his ship had not been captured. After the action, he changed his family name from Magadesi to Barbaro< in recognition of the incident and to honor the heroism of his fallen enemies, who he considered barbarians.

The Barbaro coat of arms are depicted on the façade of the church of Santa Maria Zobenigo. It is also displayed on the pediment of the Villa Barbaro and the family crypt in the San Francesco della Vigna.

In 1432, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor granted Ambassador Francesco Barbaro the title of Knight of the Holy Roman Empire and the right to quarter his arms with the Imperial Eagles. In 1560, Queen Elizabeth I of England granted Ambassador Daniele Barbaro right to use the Tudor Rose in his personal arms.

Notable members

The brothers Daniele Barbaro and Marcantonio Barbaro, were patrons of the architect Andrea Palladio and the painter Paolo Veronese. Barbaro-family members acted as deans and professors of the University of Padua. Several members were also Patriarchs of Aquileia.

Carolus Barbaro on façade of Santa Maria Zobenigo.
Francesco Barbaro on façade of Santa Maria Zobenigo.
  • Paolo Magadesi (c.836?) The first recorded member of the family and Procurator of San Marco.
  • Antonio Magadesi (c.968) Procurator of San Marco.
  • Johannes Magadesi (c.982) Presbyter at the Church of San Zorzi.
  • Marco Barbaro née Magadezzi/Maghadesi (c.1121) Provveditore d'Armata, Naval victor against the forces of the Sultan of Egypt, creator of the modern Barbaro coat of arms. The Barbaro family arms were officially recognized in 1123 by the Venetian Senate. A painting of the victory by Sante Peranda hung in the Palazzo Ducale of Venice.
  • Marco Barbaro (c.1229) Son of Pietro, cavalry captain in forces that defeated Ezzelino III da Romano tyrant of Padua
  • Donato Barbaro (c.1259) Son of Pietro, captain of 40 galleys, defeated the Genoese and the forces of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel at the Island of Seven Wells (Isola dei Sette Pozzi).
  • Pietro Barbaro (c.1270) Son of Jacopo. Served in the cavalry of Charles of Anjou in the conquest of Naples. Recognized by Charles for his actions in the Battle of Benevento; appointed Signore of the Castle of Pietramala.
  • Nicolo Barbaro (c.1361) Son of Bertucci. Provveditore d'Armata, defeated the Genoese at Rhodes.
  • Donato Barbaro (c.1364) Son of Giovanni. Distinguished himself in the suppression of a rebellion in Candia
  • Marco Barbaro was Auditor of Grado in 1366 and Podestà of Oderzo in 1367.
  • Bernardo Barbaro (c.1370) Son of Donato. Ambassador for the Doge to the Sultan of Egypt.
  • Giovanni Barbaro (c.1380) Son of Adamo. Provveditore of the army that fought against Padua.
Giovanni Maria Barbaro on façade of Santa Maria Zobenigo.
Ermolao Barbaro
Daniele Barbaro as a high-ranking cleric by Paolo Veronese (the books in the painting are by Barbaro himself)
Marcantonio Barbaro depicted by Tintoretto.
Marinus Barbaro on façade of Santa Maria Zobenigo.

Patronage

The Barbaro family commissioned works from and actively supported the careers of several men. This list includes:

Architecture

The Barbaro family was connected to several buildings in and near Venice, some of which include:

  • The Palazzi Barbaro, located near the Ponte dell'Accademia, was the family's principal residence in Venice. until 1864."The buildings are also known as the Palazzo Barbaro-Curtis. It is one of the least altered of the Gothic palaces of Venice.
  • Another Palazzo Barbaro owned by a Daniele Barbaro and in 1797 by a Marco Barbaro.
  • Yet another Palazzo Barbaro, near the Palazzo Barbarigo. It was owned in 1661 by a Lorenzo Barbaro and in 1712 by a Francesco Antonio Barbaro, but by 1740 it belonged to the Barbarigo family.
  • The Palazzo Dario was built about 1450 by Zuanne Dario. After the death of diplomat Giovanni Dario in 1494, his daughter inherited. She was married to Vincenzo Barbaro, the son of Giacomo Barbaro and owner of the neighboring Palazzo Barbaro.
  • Another Palazzo Barbaro, now known as the Palazzo Barbaro-Volkoff or Barbaro-Wolkoff. This 14th-century Gothic palace was owned by an Antonio Barbaro in 1797. Eleonora Duse later lived there.
  • Marcantonio Barbaro supported Vincenzo Scamozzi’s design for a triple-arched Rialto Bridge, though Antonio da Ponte’s design for a single-arched bridge was chosen instead, and was one of three Venetian noblemen appointed to oversee the rebuilding of the bridge.
  • Starting in 1534, Fra Zuanne Barbaro was one of two friars who were responsible for rebuilding the Church of San Francesco della Vigna according to the design of Jacopo Sansovino. Zuanne's brother Francisco was the first Venetian noble to purchase a family chapel there. Daniele Barbaro commissioned the church's altarpiece of' 'The Baptism of Christ (c.1555) by Battista Franco and was buried in an unmarked grave in behind the church instead of in the family chapel.
  • The church of Santa Maria Zobenigo, also known as the Santa Maria de Giglio was built around 900 by the Zubenigo family, who died out in 1124. It was rebuilt between 1680 and 1700 by Giuseppe Sardi. The Barbaro family funded the rebuilding and the church contains statues of four members of the family. The façade shows plans for Rome, Corfu, Padua, Candia, Spalatro, and Pavia.
  • Villa Barbaro at Maser. One of the best known of Andrea Palladio's villas, which he built for Daniele and Marcantonio Barbaro.
  • The family also owned a property in the San Giovanni district. Ermolao Barbaro established an academy of philosophy there in 1484.
  • In 1593-4 Marcantonio Barbaro was one of the Venetian nobles in charge of the building of the star-shaped fortress town of Palmanova in Friuli. Marcantonio headed the group, Marcantonio Martinego was in charge of construction, and Giulio Savorgnan acted as an adviser.
  • Daniele Barbaro may have designed the Palazzo Trevisan in Murano, alone or in collaboration with Palladio. Like the Villa Barbaro, Paolo Veronese and Alessandro Vittoria probably also worked on the project, which was completed in 1557.
  • Palais Barbaro Wolkoff Palais Barbaro Wolkoff
  • Palais Barbaro-Curtis Palais Barbaro-Curtis
  • Palazzo Barbaro a Santo Stefano Palazzo Barbaro a Santo Stefano

References

  1. ^ Encyclopedia of Italian Renaissance & Mannerist art, Volume 1, Jane Turner, New York, 2000 ISBN 0-333-76094-8
  2. ^ The City of Falling Angels, John Berendt, Penguin Books, 2006, ISBN 1-59420-058-0
  3. ^ Enciclopedia storico-nobiliare italiana, Volume 7, Vittorio Spreti, Arnaldo Forni, 1981
  4. ^ Francesco Barbaro: Früh-Humanismus und Staatskunst in Venedig, Percy Gothein, Berlin, 1932
  5. Virgil and the myth of Venice, Craig Kallendorf, Oxford University Press, 1999, pg. 17
  6. Venice, Pure City, Peter Ackroyd, Doubleday, New York, 2009, p.96
  7. "Palazzo Barbaro-Curtis website"..
  8. ^ Das Schiff aus Stein: Venedig u.d. Venezianer, Hermann Schreiber, München, 1979
  9. ^ The life of Poggio Bracciolini, William Shepherd, Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green & Longman, London, 1837
  10. ^ Una famiglia veneziana nella storia: i Barbaro, Michela Marangoni, Manlio Pastore Stocchi, Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, 1996, ISBN 88-86166-34-6
  11. ^ La vie d'un patricien de Venise au seizième siècle, Charles Yriarte, Paris, 1874
  12. ^ Venice on foot, with the itinerary of the Grand Canal and several direct routes to useful places, Hugh A Douglas, C. Scribner's Sons, 1907
  13. ^ Venice and the Renaissance, Manfredo Tafuri, trans. Jessica Levine, 1989, MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-70054-9
  14. ^ Views of Venice, Antonio Canaletto, Antonio Visentini, J. G. Links, Dover Publications, 1971, ISBN 0-486-22627-1
  15. "Armorial de J.B. RIETSTAP". Retrieved 2010-02-05.
  16. ^ Armorial universel, précédé d'un traité complet de la science du blason, et suivi d'un Supplément:, Jouffroy d'Eschavannes, Paris : L. Curmer, 1845-1848
  17. Armorial général: précédé d'un Dictionnaire des termes du blason, Volume 1, Johannes Baptist Rietstap, 1884, pg. 1
  18. Venice, Augustus John Cuthbert Hare, Ballantyne Press, 1896, pg. 149
  19. Delle inscrizioni veneziane, Volume 4, Emmanuele Antonio Cicogna, Fonni, 1969, pg. 520
  20. A literary companion to Venice, Ian Littlewood, Ballantyne Press, 1995, pg. 150
  21. Guida per la città di Venezia all'amico delle belle arti, Volume 1, Giannantonio Moschini, Giovanni Antonio Moschini, Tip. di Alvisopoli, 1815, pg. 468
  22. ^ The Baroque in central Europe: places, architecture and art, Manlio Brusatin; Gilberto Pizzamiglio; Gottfried Biedermann; Mark Smith; et al, Venice, Marsillio, 1992
  23. The Rough Guide to Venice & the Veneto, Jonathan Buckley, Rough Guides, 2004, pg.165
  24. Hobson, Anthony, "Villa Barbaro", in ’'Great Houses of Europe", ed. Sacheverell Sitwell (London: Weidenfeld, 1961), pp. 89-97. ISBN 0-600-33843-6
  25. ^ "The Patriarchate of Aquileia". Retrieved 2010-10-05.
  26. ^ "Origini della Toponomastica Veneziana". Retrieved 2010-03-05.
  27. ^ L'Archeografo triestino: raccolta di opuscoli notizie per Trieste e per l'Istria?, Società di Minerva.; Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie. Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, 1890
  28. ^ Museo opitergino, Gaetano Mantovanii, 1874
  29. ^ A new general biographical dictionary, Volume 3, Hugh James Rose, Henry John Rose, 1857 ISBN 0-333-76094-8
  30. "The Diocese of Treviso". Retrieved 2010-02-05.
  31. ^ Notizie storiche di Pola, Parenzo, 1876
  32. ^ Atti e memorie della Società istriana di archeologia e storia patria, Volume 4, Trieste : Società Istriana di Archeologia e Storia Patria, 1996
  33. ^ Pagine istriane, Associazione istriana di studi e storia patria, Centro di cultura Giuliano Dalmata, Societa istriana di archeology, Trieste, 1905
  34. Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne, J Fr Michaud; Louis Gabriel Michaud, Paris, Michaud, 1811-28., pg. 327
  35. Mehmed the Conqueror & His Time, Franz Babinger, Trans. Ralph Manheim, Princeton University Press; 1992, p.305 ISBN 0-691-01078-1
  36. ^ Dei rettori veneziani in Rovigo: illustrazione storica con documenti, Giovanni Durazzo, Venezia, Tip. del Commercio, 1865
  37. ^ Chroniques gréco-romanes inédites ou peu connues, pub. avec notes et tables généalogiques, Carl Hermann Friedrich Johann Hopf, Weidmann, 1873
  38. Scorsa di un lombardo negli archivj di Venezia, Cesare Cantů, Civelli, 1856, pg.128
  39. ^ Venice: A Documentary History, 1450-1630, Brian Pullan, 2001, University of Toronto Press
  40. ^ Contemporaries of Erasmus a biographical register of the Renaissance and Reformation, v.1-3, A-Z, Peter G Bietenholz; niv. of Toronto Press 2003, ISBN 0-8020-8577-6
  41. Shell games: studies in scams, frauds, and deceits (1300-1650), Margaret Reeves, Richard Raiswell, Mark Crane, Toronto Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2004, pg. 92 ISBN 0-7727-2023-1
  42. ^ Magnificent Italian villas and palaces, Massimo Listri, Cesare M. Cunaccia, New York, NY, 2003, ISBN 0-8478-2591-4
  43. Rivista di storia della Chiesa in Italia, Volume 16, Istituto grafico tiberino, Rome, 1962, pg. 107
  44. Bibliothéque curieuse historique et critique ou catalogue raisonné des livres difficiles a` trouver : Tome 1-9, David Clément, Hannover, 1751, pg. 409
  45. Dissertazioni Vossiane di Apostolo Zeno, Apostolo Zeno, 1753, pg. 360
  46. Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571, Kenneth M. Setton, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 1976, pg. 340 ISBN 0-87169-114-0
  47. Storia dell citta di Trau, Paolo Andreis, Marko Perojević, Spljet : Hrvatska stamparija Trumbići drug, 1908, pg. 364
  48. ^ Istoria della insigne reliquia di San Simeone profeta che si venera in Zara, Lorenzo Fondra, Venezia, 1855
  49. Pierio Valeriano On the ill fortune of learned men : a Renaissance humanist and his world, Pierio Valeriano; Julia Haig Gaisser, University of Michigan Press, 1999, pg.288, ISBN 0-472-11055-1
  50. ^ Strenna cronologica per l'antica storia del Friuli, Gius. Dom. Della Bona, Gorizia 1856
  51. ^ Archivio storico italiano, Deputazione toscana di storia patria, 1874
  52. ^ Compendio storico della regia citta di Belluno e sua antica provincia, Florio Miari, 1830
  53. ^ Atti del Regio Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti, Venezia, 1870
  54. ^ "World Statesmen of Cyprus". Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Archivio veneto, Volume 14, Deputazione di storia patria per le Venezie, 1877
  56. ^ Renaissance book collecting, Anthony Hobson, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-521-65129-8
  57. ^ L'antico stato di Romano di Lombardia, Damiano Muoni, Milano, C. Brigola, 1871
  58. ^ Codice diplomatico Saccense, Pietro Pinton, Roma, 1892
  59. Vjesnik za arheologiju i historiju dalmatinsku, Volume 12, Frane Bulić, Mihovil Abramić, Arheološki muzej u Splitu., 1889, p.42
  60. Renaissance vision from spectacles to telescopes, Vincent Ilardi, Philadelphia, PA : American Philosophical Society, 2007, pg. 220 ISBN 978-0-87169-259-7
  61. ^ Renaissance education between religion and politics, Paul F. Grendler, Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006, ISBN 0-86078-989-6
  62. ^ Archeografo triestino, Volume 11, Domenico Rossetti, 1884
  63. ^ Storia dell città di Traù, Paolo Andreis, Marko Perojević, Spljet : Hrvatska stamparija Trumbići drug, 1908
  64. La diplomatie vénitienne: Les princes de l'Europe au XVIe sičcle, Armand Baschet, Paris, H. Plon, 1862, pg. 158
  65. Memorie per la storia della liburnica città di Fiume, Giovanni Kobler, 1896, pg. 148, 149
  66. ^ L' Istria, Volume 1, 1846
  67. ^ Calendar of state papers and manuscripts, relating to English affairs, A B Hinds, London, 1908
  68. The Military Organisation of a Renaissance State: Venice C. 1400 to 1617, M.E. Mallett and J.R. Hale, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1984, pg. 279 ISBN 0-521-24842-6
  69. ^ Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the seventeenth century, Kenneth Meyer Setton, Philadelphia : American Philosophical Society, 1991
  70. ^ Venezia e il Turco nella seconda meta del secolo XVII : con documenti inediti e con prefazione di Pasquale Villar, Amy A Bernardy, Florence, 1902
  71. ^ "World Statesmen of Greece". Archived from the original on 18 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-16. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  72. Possible lives: authors and saints in Renaissance Italy, Alison Knowles Frazier, New York : Columbia University Press, 2005, pg. 224 ISBN 0-231-12976-9
  73. The companion guide to Venice, Hugh Honour, New York, Harper & Row, 1966, pg. 182
  74. Venice, a maritime republic, Frederic Chapin Lane, JHU Press, 1973, pg.219, ISBN 0-8018-1445-6
  75. The Gentleman's magazine, Volume 223, London, 1867, pg. 737 ISBN 0-521-65129-8
  76. Renaissance war studies, John Rigby Hale, London Hambledon Press, 1983, pg. 185 ISBN 0-907628-02-8
Categories: