| Revision as of 18:05, 12 May 2017 editArt LaPella (talk | contribs)Administrators62,748 editsm Proofreading. I don't have access to the original version of the quote I changed, but I presume a publisher wouldn't publish so many typos, and anyway we have the "however" clause of the MOS:PMC guideline.← Previous edit | Revision as of 13:05, 7 June 2017 edit undoChewings72 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers44,885 edits Copyedit (minor)Tag: Visual editNext edit → | ||
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| '''Samos'''<ref name="Bloemer"/><ref name="GoelSanders">Nemrud Dağı Text, Theresa Goell, Donald Hugo Sanders, ed. Eisenbrauns, 1996, p. 367 "Puchstein's epigraphic interpretation was not unambiguous; the name of the father could be read or restored to Samos (Sames) or Arsames. Puchstein had decided to read Samos; Honigmann (1963: 981) decided likewise to read Samos; Reinach and" ... "Samos was the "founder" of Samosata in the same way that his son Arsames was "founder" of Arsameia ", p.368 "Chronologically, this king Samos belongs to the first half of the first century B.C.E." </ref> or '''Sames''' (]: Շամուշ, Greek: Σάμος) was ] of ], Armenian king of ] and ].<ref name="Bloemer">Michael Blömer / Religious Life of Commagene in the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman Period pp.95-129/The Letter of Mara bar Sarapion in Context. Proceedings of the Symposium Held at Utrecht University, 10–12 December 2009 /BRILL 2012<blockquote>In doing so, Samosata, the Commagenian capital and hometown of Mara bar Sarapion, would suit best as the prime object of investigation. The place was one of the most important sites along the Upper Euphrates. It offered an easy crossing of the river and was occupied since Chalcolithic times. It is named Kummuḫ in Iron Age sources and was the centre of an eponymous independent Syro-Hittite kingdom from the 12th to the 8th century BCE. The Assyrian king Sargon II conquered Kummuḫ in 708 BCE, but it remained an important provincial town during late Iron Age. In Hellenistic times it was capital of the kingdom of Commagene. The city was renamed Samosata by a predecessor of the Commagenian royal family, the Armenian king Samos I, in the 3rd century BCE. After the Roman occupation in CE 72, Samosata prospered as a major commercial, cultural and military centre of the Roman province of Syria.</blockquote></ref> | '''Samos'''<ref name="Bloemer"/><ref name="GoelSanders">Nemrud Dağı Text, Theresa Goell, Donald Hugo Sanders, ed. Eisenbrauns, 1996, p. 367 "Puchstein's epigraphic interpretation was not unambiguous; the name of the father could be read or restored to Samos (Sames) or Arsames. Puchstein had decided to read Samos; Honigmann (1963: 981) decided likewise to read Samos; Reinach and" ... "Samos was the "founder" of Samosata in the same way that his son Arsames was "founder" of Arsameia ", p.368 "Chronologically, this king Samos belongs to the first half of the first century B.C.E." </ref> or '''Sames''' (]: Շամուշ, Greek: Σάμος) was ] of ], Armenian king of ] and ].<ref name="Bloemer">Michael Blömer / Religious Life of Commagene in the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman Period pp.95-129/The Letter of Mara bar Sarapion in Context. Proceedings of the Symposium Held at Utrecht University, 10–12 December 2009 /BRILL 2012<blockquote>In doing so, Samosata, the Commagenian capital and hometown of Mara bar Sarapion, would suit best as the prime object of investigation. The place was one of the most important sites along the Upper Euphrates. It offered an easy crossing of the river and was occupied since Chalcolithic times. It is named Kummuḫ in Iron Age sources and was the centre of an eponymous independent Syro-Hittite kingdom from the 12th to the 8th century BCE. The Assyrian king Sargon II conquered Kummuḫ in 708 BCE, but it remained an important provincial town during late Iron Age. In Hellenistic times it was capital of the kingdom of Commagene. The city was renamed Samosata by a predecessor of the Commagenian royal family, the Armenian king Samos I, in the 3rd century BCE. After the Roman occupation in CE 72, Samosata prospered as a major commercial, cultural and military centre of the Roman province of Syria.</blockquote></ref> | ||
| War between the ] and the ] seems to have allowed Sames an opportunity |
War between the ] and the ] seems to have allowed Sames an opportunity for independence for his kingdom. What side he took in the ] is unknown as most of the records of that era have been lost, though it is considered likely that he would have supported the Ptolemaic Kingdom against his large and powerful neighbour, the Seleucid Empire.{{Citation needed|reason=no such info provided by sources|date=December 2016}} | ||
| Most sources give ] as his father. {{Citation needed|reason=please indicate which sources|date=December 2016}} After Orontes III died in 260 BC, there is no record for when Sames began his rule, only that his year of death is also 260 BC. {{Citation needed|reason=please provide sources - I could not locate any such claim|date=December 2016}} This could be chronological error or it may be that Sames was meant to succeed Orontes III, but died in the same year. However it seems that Arsames I took control of Commagene, Sophene and Armenia after 260 BC. {{Citation needed|reason=no such info provided by sources|date=December 2016}} | |||
| Most sources give ] as his father. {{Citation needed|reason=please indicate which sources|date=December 2016}} | |||
| After Orontes III died in 260 BC, there is no record for when Sames began his rule, only his year of death, in 260 BC as well.{{Citation needed|reason=please provide sources - I could not locate any such claim|date=December 2016}} | |||
| This seems to be blundered, chronologically. It may be that Sames was meant to succeed Orontes IV, but died the same year. | |||
| That they both died in the same year looks suspicious, and may have been a Seleucid plot to take control, however it seems Arsames I took control of Commagene, Sophene and Armenia after 260 AD, and even that makes him look suspect.{{Citation needed|reason=no such info provided by sources|date=December 2016}} | |||
| Commagene was outside the boundary of historic ], yet the ] satraps remained in occupation of many regions of Anatolia, such as ] and ]. It may have been that the son and heir to the ] would rule another region, just as the son or heir to the ] had always ruled an outlying region, such as ] or ]. | Commagene was outside the boundary of historic ], yet the ] satraps remained in occupation of many regions of Anatolia, such as ] and ]. It may have been that the son and heir to the ] would rule another region, just as the son or heir to the ] had always ruled an outlying region, such as ] or ]. Viewing it from this perspective it would make sense, as his father Orontes III was of the ] family.{{Citation needed|reason=no such info provided by sources, a lot of information which is not connected with the article|date=December 2016}} | ||
| Viewing it from this perspective it would make sense, as his father Orontes III was of the ] family.{{Citation needed|reason=no such info provided by sources, a lot of information which is not connected with the article|date=December 2016}} | |||
| It is suggested that Samos founded the city of ], which has been submerged by the ] since 1989. | It is suggested that Samos founded the city of ], which has been submerged by the ] since 1989. | ||
| ] was a ]n god, equivalent to ]; it was a dramatic break from a seemingly continuous tradition of satraps with ] and Persian names. | ] was a ]n god, equivalent to ]; it was a dramatic break from a seemingly continuous tradition of satraps with ] and Persian names. The neighbouring region of ] maintained a strong ] culture that the Armenian and Persian occupiers never replaced. Although Sames had a very Babylonian (Aramaic) name, his name might have been "Mihrdat" which many of his successors had, but he replaced it with the Babylonian equivalent for cultural reasons on taking control of Commagene.{{Citation needed|reason=no such info provided by sources|date=December 2016}} | ||
| The neighbouring region of ] maintained a strong ] culture that the Armenian and Persian occupiers never replaced. | |||
| Although Sames had a very Babylonian (Aramaic) name, his name might have been "Mihrdat" which many of his successors had, but replaced it with the Babylonian equivalent for cultural reasons on taking control of Commagene.{{Citation needed|reason=no such info provided by sources|date=December 2016}} | |||
| He was succeeded by his son, ].{{Citation needed|reason=no such info provided by sources|date=December 2016}} | He was succeeded by his son, ].{{Citation needed|reason=no such info provided by sources|date=December 2016}} | ||
Revision as of 13:05, 7 June 2017
For other uses, see Sames (disambiguation). Satrap of Commagene| Samos or Sames I | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Satrap of Commagene | |||||
| Reign | circa 260 BC | ||||
| Successor | Arsames I | ||||
| Burial | Commagene | ||||
| Issue | Arsames I | ||||
| |||||
| Dynasty | Orontid Dynasty | ||||
| Father | Orontes III | ||||
Samos or Sames (Armenian: Շամուշ, Greek: Σάμος) was satrap of Commagene, Armenian king of Commagene and Sophene.
War between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom seems to have allowed Sames an opportunity for independence for his kingdom. What side he took in the Syrian Wars is unknown as most of the records of that era have been lost, though it is considered likely that he would have supported the Ptolemaic Kingdom against his large and powerful neighbour, the Seleucid Empire.
Most sources give Orontes III as his father. After Orontes III died in 260 BC, there is no record for when Sames began his rule, only that his year of death is also 260 BC. This could be chronological error or it may be that Sames was meant to succeed Orontes III, but died in the same year. However it seems that Arsames I took control of Commagene, Sophene and Armenia after 260 BC.
Commagene was outside the boundary of historic Armenia, yet the Armenian satraps remained in occupation of many regions of Anatolia, such as Cappadocia and Pontus. It may have been that the son and heir to the Armenian kingdom would rule another region, just as the son or heir to the Achaemenid Empire had always ruled an outlying region, such as Bactria or Hyrkania. Viewing it from this perspective it would make sense, as his father Orontes III was of the Orontid family.
It is suggested that Samos founded the city of Samosata, which has been submerged by the Ataturk Dam since 1989.
Shamash was a Babylonian god, equivalent to Mithra; it was a dramatic break from a seemingly continuous tradition of satraps with Armenian and Persian names. The neighbouring region of Osroene maintained a strong Aramaic culture that the Armenian and Persian occupiers never replaced. Although Sames had a very Babylonian (Aramaic) name, his name might have been "Mihrdat" which many of his successors had, but he replaced it with the Babylonian equivalent for cultural reasons on taking control of Commagene.
He was succeeded by his son, Arsames I.
See also
References
- Wayne G. Sayles, "Ancient Coin Collecting VI: Non-Classical Cultures", Krause Publications, 1999, ISBN 0-87341-753-4, p. 29
- ^ Michael Blömer / Religious Life of Commagene in the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman Period pp.95-129/The Letter of Mara bar Sarapion in Context. Proceedings of the Symposium Held at Utrecht University, 10–12 December 2009 /BRILL 2012
In doing so, Samosata, the Commagenian capital and hometown of Mara bar Sarapion, would suit best as the prime object of investigation. The place was one of the most important sites along the Upper Euphrates. It offered an easy crossing of the river and was occupied since Chalcolithic times. It is named Kummuḫ in Iron Age sources and was the centre of an eponymous independent Syro-Hittite kingdom from the 12th to the 8th century BCE. The Assyrian king Sargon II conquered Kummuḫ in 708 BCE, but it remained an important provincial town during late Iron Age. In Hellenistic times it was capital of the kingdom of Commagene. The city was renamed Samosata by a predecessor of the Commagenian royal family, the Armenian king Samos I, in the 3rd century BCE. After the Roman occupation in CE 72, Samosata prospered as a major commercial, cultural and military centre of the Roman province of Syria.
- Nemrud Dağı Text, Theresa Goell, Donald Hugo Sanders, ed. Eisenbrauns, 1996, p. 367 "Puchstein's epigraphic interpretation was not unambiguous; the name of the father could be read or restored to Samos (Sames) or Arsames. Puchstein had decided to read Samos; Honigmann (1963: 981) decided likewise to read Samos; Reinach and" ... "Samos was the "founder" of Samosata in the same way that his son Arsames was "founder" of Arsameia ", p.368 "Chronologically, this king Samos belongs to the first half of the first century B.C.E."
- The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, 2 vols. Richard G. Hovannisian, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997
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