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| Zionism | |||
| {{Original research|date=September 2015}} | |||
| {{Terrorism |by ideology}} | |||
| '''Jewish religious terrorism''' is ] committed by ] motivated by religious rather than ethnic or nationalistic beliefs.{{citation needed|reason=The two references cited do not support this definition|date=September 2015}}<ref name="explaining"> by Mark Burgess. Agentura.ru.</ref><ref name="jtinisrael">{{cite book |first=Ami |last=Pedahzur |first2=Arie |last2=Perliger |title=Jewish terrorism in Israel |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2009 |ISBN=978-0-231-15446-8 |page=196 |quote=Our Jewish terrorism dataset consists of a list of terror incidents perpetrated by Jewish terrorists in Israel.}}</ref> | |||
| == Terminology == | |||
| Some researchers on ethnic terrorism distinguish between ethnic terrorism and religious terrorism, but admit that the distinction between these forms of terrorism is often blurred in practice. Daniel Bymen, in his study on "The Logic of ethnic terrorism", argues that Jews operate far more as an ethnic group than as a community motivated by and organized according to religious doctrine.<ref> by Daniel Bymen. 1997. pp. 151, 155 and 157.</ref> As good examples of Jewish terrorism based on ethnic, not religious grounds, or ], the author cites the Jewish underground groups ] and ], which operated against British law during the ] before the ] in 1948.{{citation needed|reason=the aforementioned book does not support this terminology on the pages cited, please correct!|date=September 2015}} | |||
| == History == | |||
| === Zealotry in the 1st century === | |||
| {{Main article|Zealotry in Jewish history}} | |||
| According to a paper authored by then ] research analyst Mark Burgess, the 1st century Jewish political and religious movement called ] was one of the first examples of the use of terrorism by Jews.<ref name=briefhistory>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdi.org/friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=1502 |last=Burgess |first=Mark |title=A Brief History of Terrorism |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120511140810/http://www.cdi.org/friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=1502 |archivedate=2012-05-11 |df= }}</ref> They sought to incite the people of ] to rebel against the ] and expel it from Israel by force of arms. The term Zealot, in ] '']'', means one who is ] on behalf of God.<ref>, Online Etymology Dictionary</ref><ref>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus</ref> The most extremist groups of Zealots were called ].<ref name=briefhistory /> Sicarii used violent stealth tactics against Romans. Under their cloaks they concealed ''sicae,'' or small daggers, from which they received their name. At popular assemblies, particularly during the pilgrimage to the ], they stabbed their enemies (Romans or Roman sympathizers, ]), lamenting ostentatiously after the deed to blend into the crowd to escape detection. In one account, given in the ], Sicarii destroyed the city's food supply so that the people would be forced to fight against the Roman siege instead of negotiating peace. Sicarii also raided Jewish habitations and killed fellow Jews whom they considered ]s and collaborators. | |||
| == Since 1948 == | |||
| {{Original research|date=September 2015}} | |||
| According to a study by the political scientist Noemi Gal-Or, after the creation of Israel, Jewish terrorism has been assessed in Israel as "far less significant" than Arab terrorism.<ref name="galor"/> It lasted a few years during the 1950s and was directed at internal Israeli-Jewish targets, not at the ] population.<ref name="galor">Gal-or, Noemi (Editor). Tolerating Terrorism in the West: An International Survey. Routledge, 2004. {{ISBN|978-0-415-02441-9}}. pp. 61–62</ref> There was then a long intermission until the 1980s, when the Jewish Underground was exposed.<ref name="galor"/> However, some argue that in the modern era Jewish religious extremism has been greatly underestimated. The phenomena of ] began around 2008. These are hate crimes done by ] usually involve the destruction of property or hateful graffiti, particularly targeting property associated with Arabs, Christians, secular Israelis, and Israeli soldiers. The name was derived from the words "Price tag" which may be scrawled on the site of the attack — with the allegation that the attack was a "price" for settlements the government forced them to give up and revenge for Palestinian attacks on settlers.<ref name="cnn.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/03/middleeast/killings-put-focus-on-jewish-extremism/index.html | work=CNN | title=Quick Links}}</ref> They have been variously called terrorism, particularly when they result in death. Another modern phenomenon is "revenge" attacks, motivated by a desire for "revenge" against ]. A particularly egregious example of this phenomenon was the ], in which a Palestinian teenager was ] by an Israeli man and two teenagers. Their declared motive was vengeance for the ]. In July 2015, two attacks suspected to be by religious Israeli Jews occurred a day apart, the first a stabbing attack at a Jerusalem Gay Pride Parade and the second a price-tag arson attack against a Palestinian house in Duma. Shortly after the two terror attacks, one of which killed an Israeli girl and another a Palestinian infant, Israel came under criticism, including from within its government and from the Jewish community in the U.S., for not doing enough to address the threat of terrorism by Jewish extremists. Those saying Israel should be more proactive in addressing Jewish extremism included the ADL and AJC. | |||
| It has been suggested {{By whom|date=January 2015}} that a similarity between Jewish religious terrorists and jihad networks in Western democracies is their alienation and isolation from the values of the majority, mainstream culture, which they view as an existential threat to their own community. Other similarities between these groups are that their ideology is not exclusively religious, as it attempts to achieve political, territorial and nationalistic goals as well, e.g., the disruption of the Camp David accords. However, the newer of these Jewish groups have tended to emphasize religious motives for their actions at the expense of secular ones. In the case of Jewish terrorism, most networks consist of religious Zionists and ultra-Orthodox Jews living in isolated, homogenous communities.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQtEw1RwF0gC&pg=PA103&dq=Jewish+religious+terrorism&hl=en&ei=JlYhTtn7EeTmiALFqoi9Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Jewish+religious+terrorism&f=false%5D,|title=Terrorism, Identity and Legitimacy: The Four Waves theory and political violence|first=Jean E.|last=Rosenfeld|date=13 December 2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis|via=Google Books}}</ref> | |||
| The following groups have been considered religious terrorist organizations in Israel: | |||
| * ] (Hebrew: בְּרִית הַקַנַאִים, lit. Covenant of the Zealots) was a radical religious Jewish underground organisation which operated in ] between 1950 and 1953, against the widespread trend of ] in the country. The ultimate goal of the movement was to impose Jewish religious law in the State of Israel and establish a ].<ref>Pedahzur, Ami, and Arie Perliger (2009). “Jewish Terrorism in Israel.pg 33-37”, Columbia University Press, (2009)</ref> | |||
| * The ] (Hebrew: מלכות ישראל, Malchut Yisrael), or Tzrifin Underground, were active in Israel in the 1950s. The group carried out attacks on the diplomatic facilities of the USSR and Czechoslovakia and occasionally shot at Jordanian troops stationed along the border in Jerusalem. Members of the group were caught trying to bomb the Israeli Ministry of Education in May 1953, have been described as acting because of the secularisation of Jewish North African immigrants which they saw as 'a direct assault on the religious Jews' way of life and as an existential threat to the ultra-Orthodox community in Israel.'<ref>Pedahzur, Ami, and Arie Perliger (2009). “Jewish Terrorism in Israel.pg 31-33”, Columbia University Press, (2009)</ref> | |||
| * ] (1979–84): formed by members of the Israeli political movement ].<ref>, by Ian S. Lustick</ref> This group is most well known for two actions. Firstly, for bomb attacks on the mayors of ] cities on June 2, 1980, and secondly, an abandoned plot to blow up the ] mosques. The Israeli Judge Zvi Cohen, heading the sentencing panel at the group’s trial, stated that they had three motives, ‘not necessarily shared by all the defendants. The first motive, at the heart of the Temple Mount conspiracy, is religious.’<ref>Ami Pedahzur, and Arie Perliger (2009). “Jewish Terrorism in Israel.Ch 3”, Columbia University Press, (2009)</ref> | |||
| * Keshet (''Kvutza Shelo Titpasher'') (1981–1989): A ] ] ] group focused on bombing property without loss of life.<ref> Pittsburgh Press Feb 25, 1989</ref><ref name=sprinzak />{{rp|101}} Yigal Marcus, Tel Aviv District Police commander, said that he considered the group a gang of criminals, not a terrorist group.<ref>Critical essays on Israeli society, politics, and culture By Ian Lustick, Barry M. Rubin, Association for Israel Studies, p. 71</ref> | |||
| * The "Bat Ayin Underground" or ] group. In 2002, four people from Bat Ayin and Hebron were arrested outside of Abu Tor School, a Palestinian girls' school in East Jerusalem, with a trailer filled with explosives. Three of the men were convicted for the attempted bombing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uQtEw1RwF0gC&pg=PA103&dq=Jewish+religious+terrorism&hl=en&ei=JlYhTtn7EeTmiALFqoi9Aw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Jewish+religious+terrorism&f=false%5D,|title=Terrorism, Identity and Legitimacy: The Four Waves theory and political violence|first=Jean E.|last=Rosenfeld|date=13 December 2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/supreme-court-rejects-appeal-of-the-bat-ayin-underground-1.206876],|title=,|title= ,|title=,|title=,|title=,|title=[Jewish Terrorism in Israel: Monday January 11, 2010: Palestine Center Book Review No 1 : 11 January 2010: "Jewish Terrorism in Israel" written by Ami Pedahzur and Arie Perliger Hardcover: 264 pages, Columbia University Press November 9, 2009:|publisher=}}</ref> | |||
| * ], an anti-assimilation organization, professing to prevent integration of Jews and non-Jews, is considered by some to be a terrorist organization. It was referred to as an extreme religious minority trying through terror to implement their views of how the society should look.<ref>http://2nd-ops.com/dannyor/?p=69</ref> In January 2015, Channel 2 reported that Defense Minister ] may be preparing to categorize Lehava as a terrorist organization. Ya'alon was reported to have ordered the ] and the Defense Ministry to assemble evidence required for the classification.<ref>"'Report: Ya'alon moves to name anti-assimilation group Lehava a terrorist organization' (4 Jan 2015) The Jerusalem Post" http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Report-Yaalon-looks-to-designate-anti-assimilation-group-Lehava-a-terrorist-organization-386649</ref> Former Justice Minister ] stated that Ya'alon's move to name anti-assimilation group Lehava a terrorist organization should have been made months before. "This organization works from hatred, racism and nationalism and its goal is to bring an escalation of violence within us," she said.<ref> Jerusalem Post, 4 Jan 2015</ref> Tamar Hermann, a sociologist and pollster with the Israel Democracy Institute (IDI), reports that government action against Lehava has only come following months of petitioning by "left-leaning Israelis and media commentators." <ref> The Washington Post, 5 Jan 2015</ref><ref> Reuters, 28 Dec 2014</ref> ]i rabbi ], warned that: "Lehava wants to implement a reign of religious terror."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kipa.co.il/now/58298.html|title=הרב בני לאו: ארגון להב"ה מעוניין להשליט משטר טרור דתי - כיפה|website=www.kipa.co.il}}</ref> | |||
| * ], a radical group of ] based mainly in the ]i ultra-orthodox neighborhoods ] in ] and in Ramat ]. The ] group is thought to have roughly 100 activist members.<ref name="JP238704">{{cite web| url= http://www.jpost.com/NationalNews/Article.aspx?id=238704| title=Police arrest one of the leaders of Mea She'arim 'mafia'| author=Lidman, Melanie| work=Jerusalem Post| date=20 September 2011|accessdate=2012-01-04}}</ref> The Sikrikim gained international attention for acts of violence they committed against ] institutions and individuals who would not comply with their demands.<ref name='Reuters'>{{cite news | first = Lubell | last = Maayan | title = Religious zealots attack "immodest" Jerusalem shops | date = 22 April 2011| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/18/cnews-us-israel-ultraorthodox-idCATRE79H1HT20111018 | work = Reuters | accessdate = 2011-11-07}}</ref> They are loosely affiliated with ].<ref name='Maariv2'>{{cite news | first = Yitzchak | last = Tessler | script-title=he:נפש יהודי הומייה | date = 2011-12-14 | language=Hebrew | url = http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/517/704.html | work = Ma'ariv nrg | accessdate = 2011-11-07}}</ref><ref name="Ami">Amoni, P. ''An Interview with Rav Shlomo Pappenheim''. Ami Magazine, September 2011</ref> | |||
| * ], a banned far-right party in Israel. Today both groups are considered ] by ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/AboutIsrael/State/Law/Pages/Cabinet%20Communique%20-%20March%2013-%201994.aspx |title=Cabinet Communique - March 13, 1994 |publisher=Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs |accessdate=23 June 2015}}</ref> ],<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731190200/http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-eng.aspx#KACH |date=July 31, 2013 }}</ref> the ]<ref name="eu-2009/67/CFSP">{{cite web|title=COUNCIL COMMON POSITION 2009/67/CFSP|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:023:0037:0042:EN:PDF|work=Official Journal of the European Union|publisher=European Union|page=L 23/41|date=26 January 2009}}</ref> and the ].<ref name="state.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/45313.pdf |publisher=U.S. Department of State |title=Country Reports on Terrorism 2004 |date=April 2005 |accessdate=23 June 2015}}</ref> The groups are believed to have an overlapping core membership of fewer than 100 people.<ref name=cfr>{{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/israel/kach-kahane-chai-israel-extremists/p9178?breadcrumb=%2Fabout%2Fnewsletters%2Feditorial_detail%3Fid%3D1332 |title=Kach, Kahane Chai (Israel, extremists) |publisher=Council for Foreign Relations |date=20 March 2008 |accessdate=23 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=START-kach>{{cite web |title=Terrorist Organization Profile: Kach|url=http://www.start.umd.edu/start/data_collections710000000000/tops/terrorist_organization_profile.asp?id=61 |work=National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism|publisher=University of Maryland |date=23 June 2015}}</ref> The ] in America, founded by Kahane, is also considered terrorist. ] statistics show that, from 1980 to 1985, 15 terrorist attacks were attempted in the U.S. by JDL members.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Achille Lauro Hijacking: Lessons in the Politics and Prejudice of Terrorism |first=Michael K. |last=Bohn |pages=67 |year=2004 |publisher=Brassey's Inc. |isbn=1-57488-779-3}}</ref> The FBI’s Mary Doran described the JDL in 2004 Congressional testimony as "a proscribed terrorist group".<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311144410/https://www.fbi.gov/congress/congress04/doran061604.htm |date=March 11, 2009 }}</ref> The ] states that, during the JDL's first two decades of activity, it was an "active terrorist organization."<ref name="backgrounder">{{cite web|url=http://www.adl.org/extremism/jdl_chron.asp|title=Anti-Defamation League on JDL|publisher=}}</ref><ref name="MIPT"> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828165700/http://www.start.umd.edu/start/data/tops/terrorist_organization_profile.asp?id=183 |date=August 28, 2010 }}</ref> | |||
| * ] (Hebrew: ''Terror Neged Terror'', ''"TNT"'') was a radical Jewish militant organization that sponsored several attacks against Palestinian targets. The group was founded by Rabbi ]'s Kach organization, and took its name from Kahane's theory that Arab terrorism should be met with Jewish terrorism.<ref> by Ehud Sprinzak</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g_dfEmUIjGMC&pg=PA159&lpg=PA159&dq=Terror+Against+Terror+kahane&source=bl&ots=ZHQ8MckVx-&sig=l-rkIk7XzYufjG6phawy2y-mX3U&hl=en&ei=mhi9TNWGKcOBlAf47PTgDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CCMQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Terror+Against+Terror+kahane&f=false|title=The Boundaries of Liberty and Tolerance: The Struggle Against Kahanism in Israel|first=Raphael|last=Cohen-Almagor|date=27 June 1994|publisher=University Press of Florida|via=Google Books}}</ref> | |||
| * ]: Members of the Jewish "Revolt" terror group claim the State of Israel has no right to existence; they hope to create a Jewish Kingdom in Israel and that Arabs will be killed if they refuse to leave. Shin Bet says the "Revolt" group's ideology began to evolve in October 2013, shaped by veteran "]," including Rabbi ]'s grandson, ], who was temporarily put under administrative detention. Before the Duma attack, the group's members had committed 11 arson attacks against Palestinians or Christian churches. 23 of their members were detained because of the Duma attacks.<ref> YNET News, Jan 3, 2016</ref> | |||
| ] has complained that the Israeli government is too lenient in dealing with religious extremism of Jewish extremists who want the creation of a Jewish land based on halacha, Jewish religious laws. Says Haaretz:"The Shin Bet complained that the courts are too lenient, particularly in enforcement against those who violate restraining orders distancing them from the West Bank or restricting their movement. The Shin Bet supports the position of Defense Minister ], who has called for limited use of administrative detention against Jewish terrorists." <ref name="haaretz.com"> Haaretz, 3 August 2015</ref> Israeli agencies keeping tabs on the religious terrorist groups say they are "anarchist" and "anti-Zionist," motivated to bring down the government of Israel and create a new Israeli "kingdom" that would operate according to ] (Jewish law).<ref name="haaretz.com"/> A week after the July 2015 attacks, administrative detention was approved for Jewish terror suspects.<ref name="cnn.com"/> | |||
| ==Individuals== | |||
| Several violent acts by Jews have been described as terrorism and attributed to religious motivations.The following are the most notable:<ref>{{cite news|work=Jerusalem Post|page=13|title=Terror in Shfaram|date=7 August 2005}}</ref> | |||
| * 1979 religious motivated murder of ] guardian of ], who was then made a saint by the Greek Orthodox Church.<ref>{{Cite web|title = CLASSIFICATION TO THE HAGIOLOGION OF THE NEW HIEROMARTYR FILOUMENOS.|url = http://www.jp-newsgate.net/en/2009/09/11/624|website = Jerusalem Patriarchate News Gate|accessdate = 2015-11-22|language = en-US}}</ref> | |||
| * ] an American-born Israeli, was arrested in the aftermath of the ] for putting up posters that praised the attack. Although Teitel confessed to the gay center shooting, Israeli police have determined that he had no part in the attack.<ref>James, Randy (3 November 2009). "Accused Jewish Terrorist Jack Teitel". Time. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1934103,00.html. Retrieved 2009-11-03.</ref> In 2009, Teitel was arrested and indicted for several acts of domestic terror, namely a pipe bomb attack against leftist intellectual ], the murders of a Palestinian taxi driver and a West Bank shepherd in 1997, and sending a booby-trapped package to the home of a "]" family in ].<ref>{{Cite news|work=] |date=2 November 2009 |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2009/1102/1224257903312.html |title=Israeli police arrest West Bank settler over Palestinian killings |first=Mark |last=Weiss |accessdate=2009-11-02 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=] |date=6 November 2009 |url=http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/insideisrael/2009/November/Suspect-Arrest-Announced-in-Ami-Ortiz-Case/ |title=Suspect Arrest Announced in Ami Ortiz Case |first=Chris |last=Mitchell |accessdate=2009-11-30 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|work=Haaretz |date=1 November 2009 |url=http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasen/spages/1125062.html |title=Who is suspected Jewish terrorist Yaakov Teitel? |first=Chaim |last=Levinson |accessdate=2009-11-02}}</ref> A search of his home revealed a cache of guns and parts used in explosive devices.<ref>*{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3798629,00.html |title=Settler suspected of multiple hate crimes |work=] |date= 1 November 2009 |accessdate=2009-11-02 }} | |||
| * (in Hebrew)</ref> As of January 2011, the case was still pending trial.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4017400,00.html|title=Teitel's associates: He's gone mad|publisher=}}</ref> On January 16, 2013 Teitel was convicted of two murders, two attempted murders, and several other charges.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4333417,00.html|title='Jewish terrorist' Jack Teitel convicted|publisher=}}</ref><ref>http://www.jta.org/2013/01/16/news-opinion/israel-middle-east/jewish-terrorist-jack-teitel-convicted-of-murdering-two-palestinians</ref> | |||
| *] killed four ] civilians on August 4, 2005. His actions were criticized by then prime minister ], as "a reprehensible act by a bloodthirsty Jewish terrorist", and author Ami Pedhzer describes his motivations as religious.<ref name=jtinisrael />{{rp|134}}<ref> Washington Post, 5 August 2005</ref> | |||
| *] an American-born Israeli physician, perpetrated the 1994 ] in the city of Hebron, in which he shot and killed 29 Muslim worshipers inside the ] (within the ]), and wounded another 125 victims.<ref>Harvey W. Kushner. ''Encyclopedia of Terrorism'', ], 2003, {{ISBN|978-0-7619-2408-1}}, p. 150.</ref> Goldstein was killed by the survivors.<ref name="bbcnewsuk"> ''BBC'' On This Day</ref> Goldstein was a supporter of Kach, an Israeli political party founded by Rabbi ] that advocated the expulsion of Arabs from Israel and the Palestinian Territories. In the aftermath of the Goldstein attack and Kach statements praising it, Kach was outlawed in Israel.<ref name="cdi.org"> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061122094511/http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/kach.cfm |date=2006-11-22 }} ''Center for Defense Information'' October 1, 2002</ref> | |||
| *]'s ] on November 4, 1995, has been described as terrorism with a religious motivation.<ref name=jtinisrael />{{rp|98–110}}<ref>{{Cite book | |||
| |title=Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill | |||
| |first=Jessica | |||
| |last=Stern | |||
| |publisher=HarperCollins | |||
| |year= 2004 | |||
| |ISBN=0-06-050533-8 | |||
| |page=91}}</ref><ref> | |||
| *Mahan, Sue; Griset, Pamala, ''Terrorism in Perspective'', SAGE, 2007, pp. 137, 138 | |||
| * ], ''The terrorist list: A-K'', ABC-CLIO, 2009, p. 66 | |||
| * Hoffman, Bruce ''Inside Terrorism'' 1998, p. 88</ref> Amir was quoted as saying he had "acted alone and on orders from God", and that, "If not for a Halakhic ruling of ''din rodef'', made against Rabin by a few rabbis I knew about, it would have been very difficult for me to murder."<ref name=sprinzak> Ehud Sprinzak, p. 277</ref><ref name="mind">{{cite book|title=Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence|author=Mark Juergensmeyer|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=0-520-24011-1}}</ref>{{rp|45}} A former combat soldier who had studied ], Amir stated that his decision to kill the prime minister was influenced by the opinions of militant rabbis that such an assassination would be justified by the Halakhic ruling of ''din rodef'' ("pursuer's decree").<ref name="mind"/>{{rp|48}} This Jewish religious concept allows for an immediate execution of a person if that person is "pursuing", that is, attempting immediately to take your life or the life of another person, although the characterization of Rabin as ''din rodef'' was rejected as a perversion of law by most rabbinic authorities.<ref name=sprinzak />{{rp|255}} According to Amir, allowing the Palestinian Authority to expand on the West Bank represented such a danger.<ref name="mind"/>{{rp|48}}Amir was associated with the radical ] movement, which had been greatly influenced by Kahanism.<ref name="mind"/>{{rp|53}} | |||
| * ]: In July 2015, a Palestinian baby died and other family members were injured in what Israeli Prime Minister ] termed a "terrorist" act. Perpetrators left graffiti in Hebrew on the gutted home saying "Revenge!" and "Long live the messiah!" or<ref> The Telegraph, 31 July 2015</ref> "Yechi Hamelech Hamashiach", the motto of the messianist wing of the ]-Lubavitch movement, which believes that ], a rabbi who died in 1994, "is the messiah and will return to rebuild the ancient kingdom and redeem the world".<ref> Forward, 1 August 2015</ref> The motive, as stated in the indictment, was revenge for the murder of the young Israeli Malachi Rosenfeld by Palestinians, near Duma about a month earlier.<ref> Misplaced Pages page for Duma Arson Attack</ref> <ref> Jerusalem Post, January 3 2016</ref><ref> Arutz Sheva, April 1 2016</ref> On August 8, the father of Ali Dawabsha, Saad Dawabsha, died of the burns he sustained in the attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-braces-for-west-bank-escalation-after-death-of-ali-dawabshas-father/|title=Israel braces for West Bank escalation after death of Ali Dawabsha’s father|publisher=}}</ref> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| ==Footnotes== | |||
| {{Reflist|30em}} | |||
| ==References== | |||
| *Juergensmeyer, Mark, ''Terror in the mind of God: the global rise of religious violence'', University of California Press, 2003 | |||
| *Pedahzur, Ami; Perliger, Arie, ''Jewish terrorism in Israel'', Columbia University Press, 2009 | |||
| *Sprinzak, Ehud, ''Brother against brother: violence and extremism in Israeli politics from Altalena to the Rabin assassination'', Simon and Schuster, 1999 | |||
| *Stern, Jessica, ''Terror in the name of God: why religious militants kill'', HarperCollins, 2003 | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Jewish Religious Terrorism}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
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