| Revision as of 08:07, 12 August 2017 editInternetArchiveBot (talk | contribs)Bots, Pending changes reviewers5,380,228 edits Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v1.5beta)← Previous edit | Revision as of 13:28, 30 September 2017 edit undoCraoibhin (talk | contribs)4 edits Update on contemporary times. Removal of reference to resignation of Hyde from the League as this statement no longer correlates with current information. It cannot be said the League "committed itself" to the national movement. Insertion of links & refsTag: Visual editNext edit → | ||
| Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
| The League encouraged female participation from the start and a number of women played a prominent role. They were not restricted to subordinate roles, but played an active part in leadership, although males were in the overwhelming majority. Local notables, such as ] in Galway, Lady Esmonde in County Wexford, and ] in County Limerick, and others such as ], founded and led branches in their communities. At the annual national convention in 1906 women were elected to seven of the forty-five positions on the Gaelic League executive. Executive members included ], ] (who wrote pamphlets on behalf of the League), Bean an Doc Uí Choisdealbha, ], ], Nellie O'Brien, Eibhlín Ní Dhonnabháin and Eibhlín Nic Néill.<ref>New Hibernia Review. 6:1 Spring 2002. pp 57–62</ref><ref>Irish Peasant, 18 August 1906</ref> | The League encouraged female participation from the start and a number of women played a prominent role. They were not restricted to subordinate roles, but played an active part in leadership, although males were in the overwhelming majority. Local notables, such as ] in Galway, Lady Esmonde in County Wexford, and ] in County Limerick, and others such as ], founded and led branches in their communities. At the annual national convention in 1906 women were elected to seven of the forty-five positions on the Gaelic League executive. Executive members included ], ] (who wrote pamphlets on behalf of the League), Bean an Doc Uí Choisdealbha, ], ], Nellie O'Brien, Eibhlín Ní Dhonnabháin and Eibhlín Nic Néill.<ref>New Hibernia Review. 6:1 Spring 2002. pp 57–62</ref><ref>Irish Peasant, 18 August 1906</ref> | ||
| Though apolitical, the organisation attracted many ]s of different persuasions, much like the ]. It was through the League that many future political leaders and rebels first met, laying the foundation for groups such as the ] (1913) |
Though apolitical, the organisation attracted many ]s of different persuasions, much like the ]. It was through the League that many future political leaders and rebels first met, laying the foundation for groups such as the ] (1913). | ||
| ===League in the Free State=== | ===League in the Free State=== | ||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
| ===Contemporary times=== | ===Contemporary times=== | ||
| The organisation successfully campaigned for the enactment of the Official Languages Act, 2003 which gave greater statutory protection to Irish speakers and created the position of ''An Coimisinéir Teanga'' (The Languages Commissioner). Conradh na Gaeilge was among the principal organisations responsible for co-ordinating the successful campaign to make Irish an ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322183055/http://www.gaeilge.ie/foras/news/article.asp?id=136 |date=22 March 2007 }} (Irish language) ''Foras na Gaeilge'' press release, 13 June 2005.</ref> | Conradh na Gaeilge, in alliance with other groups such as ], was instrumental in the community campaigns which led to the creation of ] (1972), ] (1980), and ] (1996). The organisation successfully campaigned for the enactment of the Official Languages Act, 2003 which gave greater statutory protection to Irish speakers and created the position of '']'' (The Languages Commissioner). Conradh na Gaeilge was among the principal organisations responsible for co-ordinating the successful campaign to make Irish an ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070322183055/http://www.gaeilge.ie/foras/news/article.asp?id=136 |date=22 March 2007 }} (Irish language) ''Foras na Gaeilge'' press release, 13 June 2005.</ref> | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
| In 2008 during the presidency of Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh, Conradh na Gaeilge adopted a new constitution reverting to its pre 1915 non-political stance restating its aim as that of an Irish-speaking Ireland "Is í aidhm na hEagraíochta an Ghaeilge a athréimniú mar ghnáththeanga na hÉireann" and dropping any reference to Irish freedom. | In 2008 during the presidency of Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh, Conradh na Gaeilge adopted a new constitution reverting to its pre 1915 non-political stance restating its aim as that of an Irish-speaking Ireland "Is í aidhm na hEagraíochta an Ghaeilge a athréimniú mar ghnáththeanga na hÉireann" and dropping any reference to Irish freedom. | ||
| In recent years Conradh na Gaeilge has remained central to campaigns to protect language rights throughout Ireland. This strategy encompasses the promotion of increased investment in Gaeltacht areas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cnag.ie/ga/nuacht/r%C3%A1itis-nuachta/729-plean-infheist%C3%ADochta-le-1,160-post-a-chruth%C3%BA-deiseanna-%C3%BAs%C3%A1idte-gaeilge-don-phobal-%C3%A1-nochtadh-inniu.html|title=Plean Infheistíochta Le 1,160+ Post A Chruthú & Deiseanna Úsáidte Gaeilge don Phobal Á Nochtadh Inniu - Conradh na Gaeilge {{!}} Ar son phobal na Gaeilge|website=cnag.ie|language=ga-ie|access-date=2017-09-30}}</ref>, advocacy for increased provision of state services through Irish<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cnag.ie/en/news/585-irish-language-rights-on-the-elections%E2%80%99-agenda.html|title=Irish-Language Rights On The Elections’ Agenda - Conradh na Gaeilge {{!}} Ar son phobal na Gaeilge|website=cnag.ie|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-09-30}}</ref>, the development of Irish language hubs in urban areas, and the Acht Anois campaign for the enactment of legislation to protect the Irish language in ]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cnag.ie/en/get-involved/current-campaigns/irish-language-act.html|title=Irish-Language Act - Conradh na Gaeilge {{!}} Ar son phobal na Gaeilge|website=cnag.ie|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-09-30}}</ref>. | |||
| Most recently, the organisation has become embroiled in a dispute with Irish political party ] over the party's policy to end the status of Irish as a compulsory subject for the ]. Conradh na Gaeilge have responded by asking voters in the next general election to vote only for candidates who are in favour of Irish's required position remaining.<ref>{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Irish language) — ''Conradh na Gaeilge'' press release, 22 May 2006</ref> | |||
| ==Associations== | ==Associations== | ||
| The organisation has branches in several parts of Ireland and |
The organisation has branches in several parts of Ireland and overseas and is closely involved in the development of the ] promotional campaign. Conradh na Gaeilge has recently opened free legal advice centres (''Ionaid Saor-Chomhairle Dlí'') in Dublin and Galway in partnership with ]. The Gaelic League publishes a magazine called '']'', founded in 1948. This magazine, while it promotes the aims of the League, also has an important role in promoting new writing in Irish. | ||
| ==Presidents== | ==Presidents== | ||
Revision as of 13:28, 30 September 2017
| File:Conradh na Gaeilge Logo.pngLogo of Conradh na Gaeilge | |
| Abbreviation | CnaG |
|---|---|
| Formation | 31 July 1893; 131 years ago (1893-07-31) |
| Founder | Douglas Hyde |
| Type | Non-governmental organisation |
| Headquarters | 6 Harcourt Street Dublin 2 Ireland |
| Fields | Irish language promotion Gaelic revival |
| Secretary General | Julian de Spáinn |
| President | Niall Comer |
| Subsidiaries | Raidió Rí-Rá |
| Website | cnag.ie |
| Formerly called | Gaelic League |
Conradh na Gaeilge (Irish pronunciation: [ˈkɔn̪ˠɾˠə nə ˈɡeːlʲɟə]; historically known in English as the Gaelic League) is a social and cultural organisation which promotes the Irish language in Ireland and worldwide. The organisation was founded in 1893 with Douglas Hyde as its first president, when it emerged as the successor of several 19th century groups such as the Gaelic Union. The organisation would be the spearhead of the Gaelic revival and Gaeilgeoir activism. Originally the organisation intended to be apolitical, but many of its participants became involved in Irish nationalism.
History
Bruce Stewart suggests that an address by Douglas Hyde "led to the formation of the Gaelic League" with Hyde as the president. The address titled ‘The Necessity for De-Anglicising Ireland’ was delivered by Hyde to the Irish National Literary Society, on 25 November 1892. (Thereafter, it was published in The Revival of Irish Literature, 1894.) Conradh na Gaeilge was founded in Dublin on 31 July 1893 by Douglas Hyde, the son of a Church of Ireland rector from Frenchpark, County Roscommon with the aid of Eugene O'Growney, Eoin MacNeill, Thomas O'Neill Russell and others. The organisation developed from Ulick Bourke's earlier Gaelic Union and became the leading institution promoting the Gaelic Revival, carrying on efforts like the publishing of the Gaelic Journal. The League's first newspaper was An Claidheamh Soluis (The Sword of Light) and its most noted editor was Patrick Pearse. The motto of the League was Sinn Féin, Sinn Féin amháin (Ourselves, Ourselves alone).
The League encouraged female participation from the start and a number of women played a prominent role. They were not restricted to subordinate roles, but played an active part in leadership, although males were in the overwhelming majority. Local notables, such as Lady Gregory in Galway, Lady Esmonde in County Wexford, and Mary Spring Rice in County Limerick, and others such as Norma Borthwick, founded and led branches in their communities. At the annual national convention in 1906 women were elected to seven of the forty-five positions on the Gaelic League executive. Executive members included Máire Ní Chinnéide, Úna Ní Fhaircheallaigh (who wrote pamphlets on behalf of the League), Bean an Doc Uí Choisdealbha, Máire Ní hAodáin, Máire de Buitléir, Nellie O'Brien, Eibhlín Ní Dhonnabháin and Eibhlín Nic Néill.
Though apolitical, the organisation attracted many Irish nationalists of different persuasions, much like the Gaelic Athletic Association. It was through the League that many future political leaders and rebels first met, laying the foundation for groups such as the Irish Volunteers (1913).
League in the Free State
After the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922, the organisation had a less prominent role in public life as Irish was made a compulsory subject in state-funded schools. It did unexpectedly badly in the Irish Seanad election, 1925, when all the candidates it endorsed were defeated, including Hyde.
In 1927, An Coimisiún Le Rincí Gaelacha (CLRG) was founded as a subcommittee of the League to investigate the promotion of traditional Irish dance. Eventually, CLRG became a largely independent organisation, though it is required by its constitution to share 3 board members with the League.
Contemporary times
Conradh na Gaeilge, in alliance with other groups such as Gluaiseacht Chearta Sibhialta na Gaeltachta, was instrumental in the community campaigns which led to the creation of RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta (1972), Údarás na Gaeltachta (1980), and TG4 (1996). The organisation successfully campaigned for the enactment of the Official Languages Act, 2003 which gave greater statutory protection to Irish speakers and created the position of An Coimisinéir Teanga (The Languages Commissioner). Conradh na Gaeilge was among the principal organisations responsible for co-ordinating the successful campaign to make Irish an official language of the European Union.
In 2008 during the presidency of Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh, Conradh na Gaeilge adopted a new constitution reverting to its pre 1915 non-political stance restating its aim as that of an Irish-speaking Ireland "Is í aidhm na hEagraíochta an Ghaeilge a athréimniú mar ghnáththeanga na hÉireann" and dropping any reference to Irish freedom.
In recent years Conradh na Gaeilge has remained central to campaigns to protect language rights throughout Ireland. This strategy encompasses the promotion of increased investment in Gaeltacht areas, advocacy for increased provision of state services through Irish, the development of Irish language hubs in urban areas, and the Acht Anois campaign for the enactment of legislation to protect the Irish language in Northern Ireland.
Associations
The organisation has branches in several parts of Ireland and overseas and is closely involved in the development of the Seachtain na Gaeilge promotional campaign. Conradh na Gaeilge has recently opened free legal advice centres (Ionaid Saor-Chomhairle Dlí) in Dublin and Galway in partnership with Free Legal Advice Centres. The Gaelic League publishes a magazine called Feasta, founded in 1948. This magazine, while it promotes the aims of the League, also has an important role in promoting new writing in Irish.
Presidents
- 1893–1915, Douglas Hyde
- 1916–1919, Eoin Mac Néill
- 1919–1922, Seán Ua Ceallaigh
- 1922–1925, Peadar Mac Fhionnlaoich
- 1925–1926, Seán P. Mac Énrí
- 1926-1928, Cormac Breathnach
- 1928–1933, Mac Giolla Bhríde
- 1933–1940, Peadar Mac Fhionnlaoich
- 1940–1941, Liam Ó Buachalla
- 1941–1942, Seán Óg Ó Tuama
- 1942–1945, Diarmuid Mac Fhionnlaoich
- 1945–1946, Seán Mac Gearailt
- 1946–1949, Liam Ó Luanaigh
- 1949–1950, Diarmuid Mac Fhionnlaoich
- 1950–1952, Annraoi Ó Liatháin
- 1952–1955, Seán Mac Gearailt
- 1955–1959, Tomás Ó Muircheartaigh
- 1959–1965, Micheál Mac Cárthaigh
- 1965–1968, Cathal Ó Feinneadha
- 1968–1974, Maolsheachlainn Ó Caollaí
- 1974–1979, Pádraig Ó Snodaigh
- 1979–1982, Albert Fry
- 1982–1985, Micheál Ó Murchú
- 1985–1989, Íte Ní Chionnaith
- 1989–1994, Proinsias Mac Aonghusa
- 1994–1995, Áine de Baróid
- 1995-1998, Gearóid Ó Cairealláin
- 1998–2003, Tomás Mac Ruairí
- 2003–2004, Séagh Mac Siúrdáin
- 2004–2005, Nollaig Ó Gadhra
- 2005–2008, Dáithí Mac Cárthaigh
- 2008–2011, Pádraig Mac Fhearghusa
- 2011–2014, Donnchadh Ó hAodha
- 2014–2017, Cóilín Ó Cearbhaill
- 2017–present, Niall Comer
See also
References
- Stewart, Bruce (2000). "On the Necessity of De-Hydifying Irish Cultural Criticism". New Hibernia Review / Iris Éireannach Nua. 4 (1): 23.
- Murphy, Brian P. (2005). The Catholic Bulletin and Republican Ireland: with special reference to J. J. O'Kelly ('Sceilg'). London: Athol Books. pp. 51–53. ISBN 0-85034-108-6.
- New Hibernia Review. 6:1 Spring 2002. pp 57–62
- Irish Peasant, 18 August 1906
- "The Gaelic League in the Irish Free State in the 1920s and 1930s". The Irish Story. 28 November 2015.
- Coakley, John (September 2005). "Ireland's Unique Electoral Experiment: The Senate Election of 1925". Irish Political Studies. 20 (3): 231–269. doi:10.1080/07907180500359327.
- Cullinane, John (2003). An Coimisiún Le Rince Gaelacha: its origins and evolution. Dublin: Dr John P Cullinane. ISBN 0952795248.
- Cinneadh an AE: Céim fhíorthábhachtach stairiúil don Ghaeilge, go hidirnáisiúnta agus in Éirinn Archived 22 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine (Irish language) Foras na Gaeilge press release, 13 June 2005.
- "Plean Infheistíochta Le 1,160+ Post A Chruthú & Deiseanna Úsáidte Gaeilge don Phobal Á Nochtadh Inniu - Conradh na Gaeilge | Ar son phobal na Gaeilge". cnag.ie (in Irish). Retrieved 30 September 2017.
- "Irish-Language Rights On The Elections' Agenda - Conradh na Gaeilge | Ar son phobal na Gaeilge". cnag.ie. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
- "Irish-Language Act - Conradh na Gaeilge | Ar son phobal na Gaeilge". cnag.ie. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
- "Ã Cearbhaill elected as President of Conradh na Gaeilge". gaelport.com.
Bibliography
- Mac Aonghusa, Proinsias (1993). Ar son na Gaeilge: Conradh na Gaeilge 1893-1993. Conradh na Gaeilge. ASIN B001A49CUY.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Mac Fhearghusa, Pádraig (1995). Conradh na Gaeilge i gCiarrai. Conradh na Gaeilge. ASIN B0010DRN88.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Mac Giolla Domhnaigh, Gearóid (1995). Conradh Gaeilge Chúige Uladh ag tús an 20ú chéid. Comhaltas Uladh de Chonradh na Gaeilge. ISBN 0951726412.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - O'Riordain, Traolach (2000). Conradh na Gaeilge i gCorcaigh 1894-1910. Cois Life Teoranta. ISBN 1901176177.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Ó Súilleabháin, Donncha (1989). Conradh na Gaeilge i Londain 1894-1917. Conradh na Gaeilge. ASIN B009QZETH0.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
External links
| Conradh na Gaeilge | |
|---|---|
| Teanga Ten (founders) | |
| Presidents |
|
| Publications |
|
| Irish language | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| History | |||||||||
| Sociolinguistics | |||||||||
| Grammar | |||||||||
| Writing | |||||||||
| Media |
| ||||||||
| Qualifications | |||||||||
| Names | |||||||||
| Irish dance | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Styles |
| ||||||||||
| Music |
| ||||||||||
| Organisations | |||||||||||
| Events | |||||||||||
| Shows and groups | |||||||||||
| Professional dancers | |||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||