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| {{About|modern interpretations|classical philosophical question|Metaphysics (Aristotle)|and|Moralia}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| {{Wiktionary|chicken-or-egg question}} | {{Wiktionary|chicken-or-egg question}} | ||
| The '''chicken or the egg''' ] ] is commonly stated as "which came first: the ] or the ]?". The dilemma stems from the observation that all chickens hatch from eggs and all chicken eggs are laid by chickens. "Chicken-and-egg" is a metaphoric adjective describing situations where it is not clear which of two events should be considered the ''cause'' and which should be considered the ''effect''. | The '''chicken or the egg''' ] ] is commonly stated as "which came first: the ] or the ]?". The dilemma stems from the observation that all chickens hatch from eggs and all chicken eggs are laid by chickens. "Chicken-and-egg" is a metaphoric adjective describing situations where it is not clear which of two events should be considered the ''cause'' and which should be considered the ''effect''. | ||
| ==Explanation by Roy A. Sorensen (1992) == | |||
| A simple explanation of why the egg came first was by Roy A. Sorensen in his one-page-article in 1992. He argued that although it is indeterminate which animal was the first chicken, the question of whether the chicken or the chicken egg came first has a determinate answer. | |||
| Since an animal does not evolve into another species during its lifetime, and since organisms can fail to breed true, so it is necessary for ''first chicken'' to develop from the ''first egg'' and it does not matter that we cannot point specific ''first chicken'' (''first egg'')<ref>Roy A. Sorensen. 1992. The Egg came before the chicken. Oxford University Press.</ref> | |||
| ==Scientific resolution== | ==Scientific resolution== | ||
| Although the question is typically used metaphorically, literal answers have been formulated for whether the chicken or egg came first. | Although the question is typically used metaphorically, literal answers have been formulated for whether the chicken or egg came first. | ||
| If the question refers to eggs in general, the egg came first |
If the question refers to eggs in general, the egg came first, as the first egg-laying animals evolved millions of years prior to birds.<ref>{{cite journal | ||
| | title=FYI: Which Came First, The Chicken Or The Egg? | |||
| | first=Daniel | |||
| ⚫ | If the question refers to ''chicken'' eggs specifically, the answer is still the egg, but the explanation is more complicated. An animal nearly identical to the modern chicken (i.e., a ]-chicken) laid a fertilized egg that had DNA identical to the modern chicken (due to mutations in the mother's ovum, the father's sperm, or the fertilised ]).<ref>{{cite web | ||
| | last=Engber | |||
| | date=2013-03-20 | |||
| | journal=Popular Science | |||
| | volume=282 | |||
| | issue=3 | |||
| | page=78 | |||
| | publisher=] | |||
| | url=http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-02/fyi-which-came-first-chicken-or-egg | |||
| ⚫ | | accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref> If the question refers to ''chicken'' eggs specifically, the answer is still the egg, but the explanation is more complicated. An animal nearly identical to the modern chicken (i.e., a ]-chicken) laid a fertilized egg that had DNA identical to the modern chicken (due to mutations in the mother's ovum, the father's sperm, or the fertilised ]).<ref>{{cite web | ||
| | title=Finally answered! Which came first, the chicken or the egg? | | title=Finally answered! Which came first, the chicken or the egg? | ||
| | url=https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/stories/finally-answered-which-came-first-the-chicken-or-the-egg | | url=https://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/animals/stories/finally-answered-which-came-first-the-chicken-or-the-egg | ||
| Line 36: | Line 38: | ||
| | publisher=] | | publisher=] | ||
| | accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref> | | accessdate=2017-07-11}}</ref> | ||
| For ], "The chicken is only an egg's way of making another egg." | |||
| ==Linguistic problems== | |||
| * "chicken" — 1. is not related to ] most of the time<ref>https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/chicken</ref> 2. does not refer to specific sequences<ref>https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/chicken</ref> (different sequences can be called "chicken") | |||
| * "chicken egg" — can be in two versions:<ref name=TAOK>{{cite book|ref=TAOK|author=]|title=The art of knowing : expositions on free will and selected essays|date=2002|publisher=Mega Press|location=Eastport, N.Y.|isbn=0-9719162-0-9|page=98}}</ref> 1. contains a chicken<ref name="TAOK" /> 2. {{border|an egg laid by chicken|width=2px|color=purple}} (trivial and "chicken" is always first in this case);<ref name="TAOK" /> | |||
| * "chicken or egg" — is a typical ]: option of mutants is omitted, option of multiple species (breeds, e.t.c.) is omitted | |||
| * "egg" — assumes the egg referred to in the question is a fertilized one, but it can be ''unfertilized chicken egg''; farmed chicken ]; | |||
| ==Biblical perspective== | ==Biblical perspective== | ||
| Line 53: | Line 49: | ||
| | publisher=Bible Gateway | | publisher=Bible Gateway | ||
| | accessdate=2017-10-11}}</ref> | | accessdate=2017-10-11}}</ref> | ||
| </blockquote> | |||
| ==Philosophical perspective== | |||
| Ancient philosophers were not aware of ]. ] (384–322 BC) was reportedly puzzled by the idea that there could be a first ] or egg and concluded that both the bird and egg must have always existed: | |||
| <blockquote> | |||
| If there has been a first man he must have been born without father or mother – which is repugnant to nature. For there could not have been a first egg to give a beginning to birds, or there should have been a first bird which gave a beginning to eggs; for a bird comes from an egg.<ref>{{cite book | |||
| | author=] | |||
| | title=Abrégé des vies des anciens philosophes: avec un recueil de leurs plus belles maximes | |||
| | location=Paris | |||
| | year=1726 | |||
| | page=314 | |||
| | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L-oTAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA314}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | |||
| | title=Lives of the ancient philosophers, with a life of the author | |||
| | author=] | |||
| | location=London | |||
| | year=1825 | |||
| | page=202 | |||
| | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNkGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA202}}</ref> | |||
| </blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
Revision as of 06:10, 8 November 2017
The chicken or the egg causality dilemma is commonly stated as "which came first: the chicken or the egg?". The dilemma stems from the observation that all chickens hatch from eggs and all chicken eggs are laid by chickens. "Chicken-and-egg" is a metaphoric adjective describing situations where it is not clear which of two events should be considered the cause and which should be considered the effect.
Scientific resolution
Although the question is typically used metaphorically, literal answers have been formulated for whether the chicken or egg came first.
If the question refers to eggs in general, the egg came first, as the first egg-laying animals evolved millions of years prior to birds. If the question refers to chicken eggs specifically, the answer is still the egg, but the explanation is more complicated. An animal nearly identical to the modern chicken (i.e., a proto-chicken) laid a fertilized egg that had DNA identical to the modern chicken (due to mutations in the mother's ovum, the father's sperm, or the fertilised zygote). Put more simply by Neil deGrasse Tyson: "Which came first: the chicken or the egg? The egg – laid by a bird that was not a chicken." For Richard Dawkins, "The chicken is only an egg's way of making another egg."
Biblical perspective
Christian theologians, however, insist that the chicken came first and often cite the book of Genesis as evidence. According to Genesis 1:21 NIV on the fifth day of creation:
... God created the great creatures of the sea and every living thing with which the water teems and that moves about in it, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good."
Philosophical perspective
Ancient philosophers were not aware of biological evolution. Aristotle (384–322 BC) was reportedly puzzled by the idea that there could be a first bird or egg and concluded that both the bird and egg must have always existed:
If there has been a first man he must have been born without father or mother – which is repugnant to nature. For there could not have been a first egg to give a beginning to birds, or there should have been a first bird which gave a beginning to eggs; for a bird comes from an egg.
See also
References
- Engber, Daniel (2013-03-20). "FYI: Which Came First, The Chicken Or The Egg?". Popular Science. 282 (3). Bonnier Corporation: 78. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
- Breyer, Melissa (2013-02-11). "Finally answered! Which came first, the chicken or the egg?". Mother Nature Network. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
- Fabry, Merrill (2016-09-21). "Now You Know: Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg?". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
- Neil deGrasse Tyson (2013-01-28). "Just to settle it once and for all: Which came first the Chicken or the Egg? The Egg -- laid by a bird that was not a Chicken". Twitter. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
- "Genesis 1:21 NIV - So God created the great creatures of - Bible Gateway". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 2017-10-11.
- François Fénelon (1726). Abrégé des vies des anciens philosophes: avec un recueil de leurs plus belles maximes. Paris. p. 314.
- François Fénelon (1825). Lives of the ancient philosophers, with a life of the author. London. p. 202.