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| '''Horology''' (via ] ''horologium'' from ] {{lang|grc|ὡρολόγιον}}, from {{lang|grc|]}} ''hṓra'' "hour; time" and -o- ] and suffix ''-logy''; literally "the study of time")<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=horology&allowed_in_frame=0|title=horology |publisher=]}}</ref><ref>{{LSJ|w(rolo/gion|ὡρολόγιον}}, {{LSJ|w(/ra2|ὥρα|ref}}.</ref> is the art and/or science of measuring ]. ], ], ], ]s, hourglasses, ], ]s, ]s, ]s and ]s are all examples of ]s used to measure ]. In current usage, horology refers mainly to the study of mechanical time-keeping devices, while ] more broadly includes electronic devices that have largely supplanted mechanical clocks for the best accuracy and precision in time-keeping. | |||
| People interested in horology are called ''horologists''. That term is used both by people who deal professionally with timekeeping apparatus (watchmakers, clockmakers), as well as ] and scholars of horology. Horology and horologists have numerous organizations, both professional associations and more scholarly societies. | |||
| == Museums and libraries == | |||
| ], ], ]]] | |||
| There are many horology museums and several specialized libraries devoted to the subject. One example is the ], which is also the source of the ] (] 0° 0' 0"), and the home of the first marine timekeepers accurate enough to determine longitude (made by ]). Other horological museums in the London area include the ], which re-opened at the Science Museum in October 2015, the horological collections at the ], the ], and the ]. | |||
| One of the more comprehensive museums dedicated to horology is the ] in ] (Switzerland). The ] is smaller but located nearby. One of the better horological museums in Germany is the ] in ], in the ]. The two leading specialised horological museums in North America are the ] in ] and the ] in ]. | |||
| The eastern French city of ] has the Musée du Temps (Museum of Time) in the historic Palais Grenvelle. | |||
| An example of a museum devoted to one particular type of clock is the ] in the UK, which hosts the world's largest collection of antique ]. | |||
| One of the most comprehensive horological libraries open to the public is the ] in ]. Other good horological libraries providing public access are at the ] in Switzerland, at the ] in Germany, and at the ] in ]. | |||
| Another museum dedicated to clocks is the ] in ]. | |||
| == Organizations == | |||
| Notable scholarly horological organizations include: | |||
| * ] – AWCI (United States of America) | |||
| * ] – AHS (United Kingdom) | |||
| * ] – BHI (United Kingdom) | |||
| * ] (Switzerland) | |||
| * ] – DGC (Germany) | |||
| * ] – NAWCC (United States of America) | |||
| == World exhibitions == | |||
| * ] | |||
| * Geneva Time Exhibition | |||
| * Salon International de la Haute Horlogerie (SIHH) | |||
| ==Glossary== | |||
| {| class="wikitable" | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Term !! Explanation | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Chablon | |||
| | French term for a ] (not including the dial and hands), that is not completely assembled. | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Ébauche | |||
| | French term (commonly used in English-speaking countries) for a movement blank, i.e., an incomplete watch movement sold as a set of loose parts—comprising the main plate, bridges, train, winding and setting mechanism, and regulator. The timing system, escapement, and mainspring, however, are not parts of the ébauche. | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Établissage | |||
| | French term for the method of manufacturing watches or movements by assembling their various components. It generally includes the following operations: receipt, inspection and stocking of the "ébauche", the regulating elements and the other parts of the movement and of the make-up; assembling; springing and timing; fitting the dial and hands; casing; final inspection before packing and dispatching. | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Établisseur | |||
| | French term for a watch factory that assembles watches from components it buys from other suppliers. | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Factory, works | |||
| | In the Swiss watch industry, the term manufacture is used of a factory that manufacturers watches almost completely, as distinct from an ''atelier de terminage'', which only assembles, times, and fits hands and casing. | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Manufacture d'horlogerie | |||
| | French term for a watch factory that produces components (particularly the "ébauche") for its products (watches, alarm and desk clocks, etc.). | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Terminage | |||
| | French term denoting the process of assembling watch parts for the account of a producer. | |||
| |- | |||
| ! Termineur | |||
| | French term for an independent watchmaker (or workshop) engaged in assembling watches, either wholly or in part, for the account of an "établisseur" or a "manufacture", who supply the necessary loose parts. See "atelier de terminage" above. | |||
| |} | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| == References == | |||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| == Further reading == | |||
| * ], , 1903, from ] | |||
| * Berner, G.A., , ] FH 1961 - 2012 | |||
| * Daniels, George, , London: Philip Wilson Publishers, 1981 (reprinted June 15, 2011) | |||
| * Grafton, Edward, , London: Aylett and Jones, 1849 | |||
| * Perman, Stacy, , Atria Books (Simon & Schuster), February 2013. {{ISBN|9781439190081}} | |||
| {{Wiktionary|horology}} | |||
| {{commons category}} | |||
| {{Time Topics}} | |||
| {{Time measurement and standards}} | |||
| {{Christiaan Huygens}} | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 11:13, 6 December 2017
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